CN114145202A - Cassava cultivation method - Google Patents
Cassava cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114145202A CN114145202A CN202111405480.6A CN202111405480A CN114145202A CN 114145202 A CN114145202 A CN 114145202A CN 202111405480 A CN202111405480 A CN 202111405480A CN 114145202 A CN114145202 A CN 114145202A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
Abstract
The invention discloses a cassava cultivation method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural product production. The cassava cultivation method comprises the following steps: step 1: selecting a planting material; step 2: preserving the planting material; and step 3: applying a base fertilizer; and 4, step 4: processing the planting material; and 5: planting; step 6: topdressing; and 7: thinning the seedlings; and 8: and (5) field management. By adopting the cassava cultivation method, firstly, the growth period of the cassava can be reduced by 1-2 months, the cassava cultivation method is particularly suitable for areas with short frost-free periods, and the cassava cultivation method has important significance for the northward shift of the cassava; secondly, the cassava roots and sprouts quickly, the emergence rate of the cassava is advanced for 5-15 days, and the survival rate is improved by more than 5%; thirdly, the yield of cassava can be increased by more than 30%; fourthly, the starch content of the cassava can be improved by 1 to 2 percent, and the cassava quality is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cassava cultivation method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural product production.
Background
The cassava is one of three potato crops in the world, is an important grain crop in the tropical development countries, and is also an important starch raw material crop and biomass energy crop. In China, cassava is mainly planted in the south of Yangtze river and mainly used as a starch raw material crop, but the yield of cassava planting is not high, and the harvesting period is centralized, so that the squeezing season of a starch processing factory is short, and the gap of a fresh potato raw material is huge. If the operation of the whole year needs to be maintained, the dry slices must be imported from foreign countries such as Thailand, Vietnam and the like. The problem of raw material shortage is always an important reason for inhibiting the development of the cassava industry.
Cassava is a vegetative propagation crop growing from one year to many years, the current common cultivation mode is stem cutting propagation, and the specific method comprises the following steps: selecting sturdy, compact, solid, fresh, non-damage to skin, non-damage to bud, non-dry, non-rot, non-pest and green middle and lower seed stems with skin layer, and cutting according to the standard of 20-25cm to obtain the invented product. At present, the yield per unit of cassava is improved mainly by means of mulching film planting, reasonable close planting, reasonable fertilization and the like, and the method has the following defects: the cassava yield can not be effectively improved, the cassava growth period can not be shortened, the starch content can not be improved, the survival rate is low, the emergence rate is low, and the like.
In view of this, it is necessary to develop a new cassava cultivation method to solve the deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up the defects of the prior art and provides a cassava cultivation method.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a cassava cultivation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: selection of planting material
After the cassava root tuber is harvested in the previous year, collecting the parts of the base seed stem, which are well connected with the cassava stem head, have no damage to the base seed stem and no insect eyes and are used as planting materials for the cassava cultivation in the current year;
step 2: preservation of plant material
Placing the planting material selected in the step 1 in the open air for airing, and then placing the planting material in a room or a cellar for storage;
and step 3: base fertilizer application
Carrying out soil preparation, planting ditch opening, base fertilizer application and soil covering on a cassava planting field to obtain a planting ditch after the base fertilizer application;
and 4, step 4: treatment of plant material
Taking out the planting material stored in the step 2, and cutting off the top end of the cassava stem head far away from the seed stem at the base part to form a wound; then soaking the planting material with the wound in a rooting solution, taking out and draining, and keeping the length of the cassava stem head to be 10-25 cm and the length of the seed stem at the base part to be 15-45 cm to obtain the treated planting material;
and 5: planting
Digging planting holes in the planting furrows with the base fertilizer applied in the step 3, flatly placing cassava stems in the planting materials processed in the step 4 in the planting holes, exposing the seed stems at the base parts to the ground for 2-30 cm, and covering soil;
step 6: topdressing
After 45d-70d of planting the planting materials in the step 5, topdressing is carried out;
and 7: thinning
Thinning when the seedling emergence height of cassava stems is 18cm-20cm, reserving a robust branch seedling, and removing other branch seedlings;
and 8: management of field
And performing field management and pest control according to a conventional method.
The principle of the cassava cultivation method is as follows:
whether the growth vigor of the crops in the growth and development seedling stage is vigorous directly influences the final yield and quality of the crops. In the growth and development process of cassava, the transformation and expansion of adventitious roots to tuberous roots and the accumulation of starch content can be started only by completing the lignification of underground seed stems and the basic maturity of overground stems. Therefore, the cassava belongs to the slow growth stage at 0-90 days after planting, and particularly most of the nutrition required by the growth of 0-50 days is provided by the seed stems, so that the thickness and the growth parts of the seed stems have great influence on the later yield of the cassava.
Through a large number of experiments, the inventor of the application improves the aspects of selection, fertilization, planting modes and the like of cassava planting materials, can effectively improve the yield and quality of cassava planting, reduce the growth time of cassava, and prolong the harvest period of cassava, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, in the prior art, a common seed stem is used as a cassava planting material, and the seed stem needs to have multiple functions of rooting, lignification, sprouting, seedling growing and the like. Such disadvantages are: the cassava seed stems have limited nutrient components, and are also responsible for the lignification transformation process after rooting, emergence and sprouting, and the process needs 3-5 months, so that the cassava seeds grow slowly at the early stage; the growth period is longer.
In the step 1 of the invention, the well-connected part of the seed stem at the base part and the cassava stem head is used as the cassava planting material, which has the advantages that: (1) the cassava has rich nutrient substances, can grow more quickly after new adventitious roots grow out, has a completely lignified and mature structure, provides a quick channel for the transportation of nutrient substances generated by photosynthesis and respiration, has a short growth period of 6-8 months, and is shortened by 1-2 months. (2) The base seed stem is completely connected with the cassava stem head, so that the problems of low survival rate and less seedling emergence of the cassava stem head are effectively solved, and meanwhile, the base seed stem is also a mature part, so that the rapid supply of nutrient components is improved, the cassava closing time is advanced, the mature period of the cassava stem and leaf is completed earlier, and the cassava root tuber is rapidly expanded and starch is accumulated in advance.
Cassava stem heads refer to seed stems that are planted underground in the first year and are completely lignified. The base seed stem is mature stem which is connected with the cassava stem head and the length of the overground part is less than or equal to 40 cm.
Secondly, in the prior art, cassava cultivated by seed stems grows slowly at an adventitious root in the early stage, belongs to a slow growth stage for 3 months, needs little fertilizer efficiency or does not apply fertilizer in the seedling stage, only top dressing is used, after the cassava seedlings grow to 50cm in height for the first time, the seedlings are topdressed and strengthened, 15kg of urea and compound fertilizer are used for each mu, and the mixture is deeply applied. The second topdressing is carried out for about 7 months, wherein 10kg of urea and 20kg of compound fertilizer are used per mu. And the third time of topdressing is about ten days in 8 months, at the moment, when the potato blocks are rapidly expanded, topdressing is carried out once for strengthening the potato block fertilizer, and 40kg of compound fertilizer is used per mu. Therefore, in order to avoid the waste of fertilizer efficiency and environmental problems, the invention adopts a mode of overlapping the base fertilizer in the step 3 and the additional fertilizer in the step 6.
By adopting the method, the slow growth period of the cassava is very short, only 15d-30d is needed, and a large amount of fertilizer is needed for early growth. Therefore, the step 3 of the invention adopts the technical scheme of re-applying the base fertilizer. Wherein the step of soil preparation is to plough the plough layer of the cassava planting field to the depth of 35cm-30cm and simultaneously rake, break and plough the soil blocks. And (3) ditching and ridging, namely ditching and ridging according to the row spacing of 100cm, wherein the furrow depth is 20-25cm, the furrow surface width is 80cm, a planting furrow with the furrow depth of 15cm is dug in the middle of the furrow surface, and the fertilizer is completely put in the planting furrow at one time.
Meanwhile, in step 6 of the method, the cassava is nearly mature 45-70 days after the planting material is planted. At the moment, the potassium fertilizer is applied 30d-60d ahead of the prior art, and the requirements of quick expansion of cassava root tuber and quick starch accumulation can be met. Thus, a one-time fertilization process is omitted, and the fertilizer is scientifically applied according to the growth rule of the cassava, so that the growth requirement is met.
Thirdly, in the prior art, the cassava cultivation method comprises a horizontal placement method, a straight insertion method and an oblique insertion method, which have advantages and disadvantages. The horizontal placement method has the advantages that the cassava root grows horizontally, so that the harvesting difficulty is the minimum, but the emergence rate is the minimum as the cassava seed stems are all placed in the soil; in the direct cutting method, part of the seed stems are placed on the soil, so the emergence rate is the best, but the cassava root tubers grow towards the periphery, so the harvesting difficulty is the greatest; the oblique cutting method is between the first two methods, and the emergence rate and the harvesting degree are both between the two methods.
In the step 5 of the invention, the cassava stems in the planting material processed in the step 4 are flatly placed in the planting holes, and the directions of the cassava stems are close to the planting furrows after the base fertilizer is applied as much as possible, so that new roots grown can absorb nutrients conveniently.
The cassava cultivation method has the beneficial effects that:
1. by adopting the cassava cultivation method, firstly, the growth period of the cassava can be reduced by 1-2 months, the cassava cultivation method is particularly suitable for areas with short frost-free periods, and the cassava cultivation method has important significance for the northward shift of the cassava; secondly, the cassava roots and sprouts quickly, the emergence rate of the cassava is advanced for 5-15 days, and the survival rate is improved by more than 5%; thirdly, the yield of cassava can be increased by more than 30%; fourthly, the starch content of the cassava can be improved by 1 to 2 percent, and the cassava quality is improved.
2. The method disclosed by the invention is simple, easy to operate, low in cost, easy to manage, wide in market prospect, remarkable in economic benefit and popularization and application value, and wide in market prospect.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, in the step 2, the airing time is 3-5 days.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: by adopting the parameters, part of the moisture of the planting material can be evaporated and stored in a relatively sealed environment, so that the planting material is more suitable for controlling the humidity.
Further, in the step 2, the preservation temperature is 10-16 ℃, the humidity is 80-100%, and the preservation time is 3-4 months.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: by adopting the storage parameters, the planting material can be stored more conveniently.
Further, in the step 3, the base fertilizer is a mixture of 750kg of organic fertilizer, 50kg of tea bran and 50kg of compound fertilizer applied to the planting furrows.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: by adopting the parameters, the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer provide the growth of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and other medium and trace elements in the whole growth period of the cassava, the tea bran is used as the supplement of nutrients, the prevention of underground plant diseases and insect pests is realized, and the fertility requirement in the later period of cassava planting can be met.
Furthermore, in the organic fertilizer, on a drying basis, the mass percentage of organic matters is more than or equal to 45%, the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is more than or equal to 5.0%, the mass percentage of water is less than or equal to 30%, and the pH value is 5.5-8.5.
Furthermore, the organic fertilizer is any one or a mixture of a plurality of farmyard organic fertilizers and commercial organic fertilizers.
Furthermore, the farmyard organic fertilizer is any one or a mixture of more of decomposed pig manure, decomposed cattle manure, decomposed sheep manure and decomposed chicken manure.
Furthermore, in the compound fertilizer, the mass percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is 15%.
The compound fertilizer can be purchased commercially, such as from Stahly agriculture group, Inc., and has a specification of compound fertilizer (potassium sulfate type) 15-15-15.
Further, in the step 3, the thickness of the covering soil is 8cm-10 cm.
Further, in step 4, the length of the top end is 1cm-5 cm.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: cutting the top end of the cassava stem head far away from the seed stem at the base part by 1-5 cm with a sharp cutter to form a wound, and growing a new root at the wound.
Further, in the step 4, the rooting solution is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 3% of rooting powder, 2% of lime, 1% of carbendazim powder with the mass percentage of 50% and 94% of water; the soaking time is 10min-15 min.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: promoting the cassava stem to rapidly root and sterilize.
The rooting powder can be purchased commercially, for example, from Guanghong agrichemical Co., Ltd.
The carbendazim powder with the mass percent of 50 percent can be purchased in the market, for example, from Guanghuang agriculture chemical Co., Ltd.
Further, in step 5, the plant-row spacing of the planting holes is 0.8m × 1 m.
Further, in step 6, the top dressing refers to top dressing of potassium sulfate fertilizer according to the dosage of 40 kg/mu.
The potassium sulfate fertilizer can be purchased commercially, for example, from Stahly agriculture group, Inc., and has a specification of compound fertilizer (potassium sulfate type) 15-15-15.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of cassava. In the figure, 1 is a basal seed stem; 2 is cassava stem heads; 3 is cassava root tuber.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following detailed drawings, which are given by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The cassava cultivation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: selection of planting material
As shown in fig. 1, after the cassava root tuber is harvested in the previous year, the parts of the cassava stem head which are well connected with the base seed stem, have no damage to the base seed stem and no worm eye and are used as planting materials for the cassava cultivation in the current year are collected.
Step 2: preservation of plant material
And (3) airing the planting material selected in the step (1) in the open air for 3 days, and then storing the planting material in a room or a cellar for 3 months at the temperature of 10-16 ℃ and the humidity of 80-100%.
And step 3: base fertilizer application
And (3) preparing soil of a cassava planting field, opening a planting ditch, applying a mixture of 750kg of organic fertilizer, 50kg of tea bran and 50kg of compound fertilizer as a base fertilizer, and covering soil with the thickness of 8cm to obtain the planting ditch after the base fertilizer is applied. In the organic fertilizer, on a drying basis, the mass percentage of organic matters is more than or equal to 45 percent, the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is more than or equal to 5.0 percent, the mass percentage of water is less than or equal to 30 percent, and the pH value is 5.5-8.5; in the compound fertilizer, the mass percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is 15%. The organic fertilizer is decomposed pig manure.
And 4, step 4: treatment of plant material
Taking out the planting material stored in the step 2, cutting off the top end of the cassava stem, which is far away from the seed stem at the base part, by 1cm, and forming a wound; then soaking the planting material with the wound in a rooting solution for 10min, wherein the rooting solution is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 3% of rooting powder, 2% of lime, 1% of carbendazim powder with the mass percentage of 50% and 94% of water. And taking out, draining, and keeping the length of the cassava stem heads to be 10cm and the length of the seed stems at the base parts to be 15cm to obtain the treated planting material.
And 5: planting
Digging planting holes on the planting furrows after the base fertilizer is applied in the step 3, horizontally placing cassava stems in the planting materials processed in the step 4 in the planting holes with the plant row spacing of 0.8m multiplied by 1m, exposing the base part of the seed stems out of the ground for 2cm, and covering soil.
Step 6: topdressing
And (5) additionally applying potassium sulfate fertilizer according to the dosage of 40 kg/mu 45 days after the planting of the planting materials in the step 5.
And 7: thinning
Thinning when the seedling emergence height of the cassava stems is 18cm-20cm, reserving a robust branch seedling, and removing other branch seedlings.
And 8: management of field
And performing field management and pest control according to a conventional method.
Example 2
The cassava cultivation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: selection of planting material
As shown in fig. 1, after the cassava root tuber is harvested in the previous year, the parts of the cassava stem head which are well connected with the base seed stem, have no damage to the base seed stem and no worm eye and are used as planting materials for the cassava cultivation in the current year are collected.
Step 2: preservation of plant material
And (3) airing the planting material selected in the step (1) in the open air for 4 days, and then storing the planting material in a room or a cellar for 4 months at the temperature of 10-16 ℃ and the humidity of 80-100%.
And step 3: base fertilizer application
And (3) preparing soil of a cassava planting field, opening a planting ditch, applying a mixture of 750kg of organic fertilizer, 50kg of tea bran and 50kg of compound fertilizer as a base fertilizer, and covering soil with the thickness of 9cm to obtain the planting ditch after the base fertilizer is applied. In the organic fertilizer, on a drying basis, the mass percentage of organic matters is more than or equal to 45 percent, the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is more than or equal to 5.0 percent, the mass percentage of water is less than or equal to 30 percent, and the pH value is 5.5-8.5; in the compound fertilizer, the mass percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is 15%. The organic fertilizer is a commercial organic fertilizer.
And 4, step 4: treatment of plant material
Taking out the planting material stored in the step (2), and cutting off the top end of the cassava stem, which is far away from the seed stem at the base part, by 3cm to form a wound; then soaking the planting material with the wound in a rooting solution for 12min, wherein the rooting solution is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 3% of rooting powder, 2% of lime, 1% of carbendazim powder with the mass percentage of 50% and 94% of water. And taking out, draining, and keeping the length of the cassava stem head to be 18cm and the length of the seed stem at the base part to be 30cm to obtain the treated planting material.
And 5: planting
Digging planting holes in the planting furrows after the base fertilizer is applied in the step 3, horizontally placing cassava stems in the planting materials processed in the step 4 in the planting holes with the plant row spacing of 0.8m multiplied by 1m, exposing the base part of the seed stems out of the ground by 16cm, and covering soil.
Step 6: topdressing
And (5) additionally applying potassium sulfate fertilizer according to the dosage of 40 kg/mu 55 days after the planting of the planting materials in the step 5.
And 7: thinning
Thinning when the seedling emergence height of the cassava stems is 18cm-20cm, reserving a robust branch seedling, and removing other branch seedlings.
And 8: management of field
And performing field management and pest control according to a conventional method.
Example 3
The cassava cultivation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: selection of planting material
As shown in fig. 1, after the cassava root tuber is harvested in the previous year, the parts of the cassava stem head which are well connected with the base seed stem, have no damage to the base seed stem and no worm eye and are used as planting materials for the cassava cultivation in the current year are collected.
Step 2: preservation of plant material
And (3) airing the planting material selected in the step (1) in the open air for 5 days, and then storing the planting material in a room or a cellar for 4 months at the temperature of 10-16 ℃ and the humidity of 80-100%.
And step 3: base fertilizer application
And (3) preparing soil of a cassava planting field, opening a planting ditch, applying a mixture of 750kg of organic fertilizer, 50kg of tea bran and 50kg of compound fertilizer as a base fertilizer, and covering soil with the thickness of 10cm to obtain the planting ditch after the base fertilizer is applied. In the organic fertilizer, on a drying basis, the mass percentage of organic matters is more than or equal to 45 percent, the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is more than or equal to 5.0 percent, the mass percentage of water is less than or equal to 30 percent, and the pH value is 5.5-8.5; in the compound fertilizer, the mass percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is 15%. The organic fertilizer is a mixture of decomposed sheep manure and decomposed chicken manure.
And 4, step 4: treatment of plant material
Taking out the planting material stored in the step 2, and cutting off the top end of the cassava stem, which is far away from the seed stem at the base part, by 5cm to form a wound; then soaking the planting material with the wound in a rooting solution for 15min, wherein the rooting solution is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 3% of rooting powder, 2% of lime, 1% of carbendazim powder with the mass percentage of 50% and 94% of water. And taking out, draining, and keeping the length of the cassava stem heads to be 25cm and the length of the seed stems at the base parts to be 45cm to obtain the treated planting material.
And 5: planting
Digging planting holes in the planting furrows after the base fertilizer is applied in the step 3, horizontally placing cassava stems in the planting materials processed in the step 4 in the planting holes with the plant row spacing of 0.8m multiplied by 1m, exposing the base part of the seed stems out of the ground by 30cm, and covering soil.
Step 6: topdressing
And (5) additionally applying potassium sulfate fertilizer according to the dosage of 40 kg/mu 70 days after the planting of the planting materials in the step 5.
And 7: thinning
Thinning when the seedling emergence height of the cassava stems is 18cm-20cm, reserving a robust branch seedling, and removing other branch seedlings.
And 8: management of field
And performing field management and pest control according to a conventional method.
Examples of the experiments
The prior art lay-flat, straight and oblique methods were compared to the method of example 1, respectively. The horizontal placement method has the least difficulty in harvesting because the cassava roots grow horizontally, but has the lowest emergence rate because the cassava seed stems are all placed in the soil; in the direct cutting method, part of the seed stems are placed on the soil, so the emergence rate is the best, but the cassava root tubers grow towards the periphery, so the harvesting difficulty is the greatest; the oblique cutting method is between the first two methods, and the emergence rate and the harvesting difficulty are both between the two methods.
The influence on the yield and the quality of No. 205 cassava from south China by adopting a flat method and the cultivation method of the embodiment 1 is shown in the table 1; the influence on the yield and quality of No. 9 cassava in south China is detailed in Table 2.
TABLE 1 influence of the Flat method and the cultivation method of example 1 on the yield and quality of No. 205 cassava from south China
| Cultivation method | Direct insertion method | Example 1 | Rate of increase |
| Plant height (cm) | 225.5 | 231.6 | 2.71 |
| Stem diameter (mm) | 24.4 | 34.5 | 41.39 |
| Number of sweet potato (one) | 12.78 | 13.13 | 2.74 |
| Yield per plant (kg) | 2.22 | 3.15 | 41.89 |
| Starch content (%) -4 months after planting | 20.9 | 24.8 | 18.66 |
| Starch content (%) -5 months after planting | 25.6 | 29.2 | 14.06 |
| Starch content (%) -6 months after planting | 27.5 | 33.8 | 22.91 |
| Planting for 7 monthsStarch content (%) | 32.6 | 31.5 | -3.37 |
| Starch content (%) -8 months after planting | 31.8 | 30.9 | -2.83 |
TABLE 2 influence of the Flat method and the cultivation method of example 1 on the yield and quality of No. 9 cassava from south China
| Cultivation method | Horizontal placing method | Example 1 | Rate of increase |
| Plant height (cm) | 219.5 | 245.6 | 11.89 |
| Stem diameter (mm) | 22.7 | 36.5 | 60.79 |
| Number of sweet potato (one) | 8.3 | 10.4 | 25.30 |
| Yield per plant (kg) | 1.84 | 2.4 | 30.43 |
| Starch content (%) -4 months after planting | 18.9 | 22.3 | 17.99 |
| Starch content (%) -5 months after planting | 23.5 | 27.4 | 16.60 |
| Starch content (%) -6 months after planting | 26.5 | 32.3 | 21.89 |
| Starch content (%) -7 months after planting | 30.4 | 31.5 | 3.62 |
| Starch content (%) -8 months after planting | 29.6 | 31.4 | 6.08 |
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the method of the embodiment 1 of the invention has obvious gain effect on the agronomic traits of the cassava No. 205 and No. 9, such as plant height, stem thickness, and the number of the potatoes, and the yield of the two varieties is respectively improved by 41.89% and 30.43%. The method has obvious effect of accelerating the accumulation of the starch content, effectively reaches the accumulation peak value of the starch content 2 months ahead of time compared with a direct-cutting method, can advance the growth period of the cassava by 2 months, and effectively prolongs the harvesting period of the cassava.
The influence of the cassava stem head planting and the cultivation method of example 1 on the survival rate of No. 205 cassava in south China is detailed in Table 3.
TABLE 3 influence of the survival rate of No. 205 cassava in south China by the shoot head planting of cassava and the cultivation method of example 1
| Cultivation method | Oblique insertion method | Example 1 |
| 7d emergence Rate (%) | 8.4 | 45.6 |
| Emergence rate (%) at 10d | 24.4 | 64.5 |
| Emergence rate (%) at 15d | 28.6 | 100 |
| Emergence rate (%) at 30d | 30.4 | 100 |
As can be seen from Table 3, the emergence rate of the cassava stem and head planting method is remarkably improved compared with that of the cassava stem and head planting method, and the problem of low emergence rate of the cassava stem and head is effectively solved.
The effects of the straight cutting method, the horizontal cutting method, the oblique cutting method and the cultivation method of the embodiment 1 on the survival rate of emergence and the harvesting difficulty of No. 205 cassava in south China are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 comparison of survival rate and harvest difficulty of cassava by different planting methods
As can be seen from Table 4, the method of the present invention can effectively integrate the advantages of the three planting methods, specifically, compared with the horizontal placement method of the prior art, the method can improve the emergence rate and the survival rate, and the potato breakage rate is equivalent; compared with the direct cutting method in the prior art, the method can reduce the potato breakage rate, is easy to harvest and has equivalent rate of emergence; compared with the inclined transplanting method in the prior art, the method can improve the emergence rate and the survival rate and reduce the potato breakage rate.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The cassava cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: selection of planting material
After the cassava root tuber is harvested in the previous year, collecting the parts of the base seed stem, which are well connected with the cassava stem head, have no damage to the base seed stem and no insect eyes and are used as planting materials for the cassava cultivation in the current year;
step 2: preservation of plant material
Placing the planting material selected in the step 1 in the open air for airing, and then placing the planting material in a room or a cellar for storage;
and step 3: base fertilizer application
Carrying out soil preparation, planting ditch opening, base fertilizer application and soil covering on a cassava planting field to obtain a planting ditch after the base fertilizer application;
and 4, step 4: treatment of plant material
Taking out the planting material stored in the step 2, and cutting off the top end of the cassava stem head far away from the seed stem at the base part to form a wound; then soaking the planting material with the wound in a rooting solution, taking out and draining, and keeping the length of the cassava stem head to be 10-25 cm and the length of the seed stem at the base part to be 15-45 cm to obtain the treated planting material;
and 5: planting
Digging planting holes in the planting furrows with the base fertilizer applied in the step 3, flatly placing cassava stems in the planting materials processed in the step 4 in the planting holes, exposing the seed stems at the base parts to the ground for 2-30 cm, and covering soil;
step 6: topdressing
After 45d-70d of planting the planting materials in the step 5, topdressing is carried out;
and 7: thinning
Thinning when the seedling emergence height of cassava stems is 18cm-20cm, reserving a robust branch seedling, and removing other branch seedlings;
and 8: management of field
And performing field management and pest control according to a conventional method.
2. The cassava cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the airing time is 3-5 days; the preservation temperature is 10-16 ℃, the humidity is 80-100%, and the preservation time is 3-4 months.
3. The cassava cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the base fertilizer is a mixture of 750kg of organic fertilizer, 50kg of tea bran and 50kg of compound fertilizer applied in the planting furrows.
4. The cassava cultivation method according to claim 3, wherein in the organic fertilizer, on a drying basis, the mass percentage of organic matters is more than or equal to 45%, the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is more than or equal to 5.0%, the mass percentage of water is less than or equal to 30%, and the pH value is 5.5-8.5; in the compound fertilizer, the mass percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is 15%.
5. The cassava cultivation method according to claim 4, wherein the organic fertilizer is any one or a mixture of a farmyard organic fertilizer and a commercial organic fertilizer.
6. The cassava cultivation method according to claim 5, wherein the farmyard organic fertilizer is any one or more of decomposed pig manure, decomposed cow manure, decomposed sheep manure and decomposed chicken manure.
7. The cassava cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the soil covers are 8cm to 10cm thick.
8. The method for cultivating cassava according to claim 1, wherein, in step 4, the top end has a length of 1cm to 5 cm; the rooting solution is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 3% of rooting powder, 2% of lime, 1% of carbendazim powder with the mass percentage of 50% and 94% of water; the soaking time is 10min-15 min.
9. The method for cultivating cassava according to claim 1, wherein in step 5, the plant-row spacing of the planting holes is 0.8m x 1 m.
10. The cassava cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in step 6, the additional fertilizer is potassium sulfate fertilizer applied according to 40 kg/mu.
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| CN114651610A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-06-24 | 郴州市农业科学研究所 | Overwintering storage method for cassava seed stems in heavy frost region and low-temperature region |
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