CN111011091A

CN111011091A - High-yield and stable-yield orange planting method

Info

Publication number: CN111011091A
Application number: CN201911373978.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈初好
Original assignee: Jishou Golden Laterite Selenium Rich Ponkan Professional Cooperative
Current assignee: Jishou Golden Laterite Selenium Rich Ponkan Professional Cooperative
Priority date: 2019-12-27
Filing date: 2019-12-27
Publication date: 2020-04-17

Abstract

The invention provides a high-yield and stable-yield citrus planting method, which comprises the following steps of: 1) site arrangement: selecting a land block with deep and fertile soil, excavating planting holes and filling pre-fertilizer; 2) planting treatment: adding lime powder into the holes, and selecting nursery stocks for transplanting; 3) and (3) management in a growing period: paying attention to fertilizer and water management, removing weeds around roots periodically, and pruning and shaping periodically; 4) and (3) disease and pest control: lime slurry is uniformly coated on the trunk part, trap plants are planted at four corners or four sides of the orchard, sugar and vinegar tanks and trap lamps are hung in the orchard to trap and kill adults, and spraying bactericides and mineral spray oil are properly assisted to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests; 5) harvesting in due time: picking fruits by a double shearing method, wherein the picking is carried out firstly outside and then inside, and firstly up and then down, and storing and treating the picked fruits; the method adopts the management of different growth stages of the oranges according to the growth rule of the oranges, has high survival rate and high growth speed, is not easy to cause diseases and insects, and achieves the aim of improving the yield and the quality of the oranges; it is widely suitable for citrus planting.

Description

High-yield and stable-yield orange planting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a fruit tree planting technology, in particular to a high-yield and stable-yield citrus planting method.

Background

Citrus belongs to evergreen small arbor of Rutaceae, and is widely cultivated in the south of Yangtze river; the citrus fruits are delicious in taste, moderate in sour and sweet, rich in a large amount of citric acid, and capable of protecting vitamin C, and the calcium content of the citrus fruits is 10 times higher than that of apples, so that the citrus fruits are high in nutritive value; at present, the oranges can be processed into jam, fruit juice and preserved fruits except fresh foods, in addition, the orange peel can regulate qi, reduce phlegm, relieve cough and strengthen the spleen and stomach, and the orange collaterals can dredge the channels and collaterals, eliminate phlegm accumulation and treat neuralgia.

At present, the planting of oranges is mainly dependent on the own planting experience of fruit growers and limited by planting technologies, so that the oranges grow slowly, the survival rate is low during planting, the root system diseases and insect pests are more, the fruit yield is low, the pulp quality is low, and the economic income of the orange growers is greatly influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above situation, the present invention aims to provide a high and stable yield citrus planting method, which adopts the citrus growth law to manage the growth of citrus at different stages, has high survival rate and high growth speed, is not easy to cause diseases and insects, achieves the purpose of improving the yield and quality of citrus, and has the advantages of simple overall process, low cost, wide market prospect and convenient popularization and use.

In order to achieve the purpose, the orange planting method with high and stable yield comprises the following steps:

1) site arrangement: selecting a land with deep and fertile soil, long sunshine time, sufficient water source and good ventilation as a citrus planting field, excavating planting holes with the length, the width and the depth of 0.8 multiplied by 0.8m respectively, uniformly mixing decomposed farmyard manure and straws according to the proportion of 5:1, filling the mixture into the planting holes, sealing the hole openings with films, and naturally decomposing the manure for 10-15 days, wherein each hole is filled with 30-35 kg of manure;

2) planting treatment: after the pre-fertilizing period is finished, opening a sealing film, adding lime powder into the holes, mixing the surface soil and the fertilizer in the holes, fully and uniformly stirring, standing for 2-3 days, and digging the holes to plant seedlings; selecting strong nursery stock for transplanting, vertically planting the nursery stock in the center of a hole, stretching and righting root systems, watering sufficient root fixing water after planting, enabling the root systems to be closely combined with soil on the basis of soil moisture saturation, and covering a layer of loose covering material to preserve soil moisture;

3) and (3) management in a growing period: paying attention to fertilizer and water management, carrying out thin application on young trees on duty, mainly using nitrogen fertilizer and applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in a matching manner; removing weeds around the roots of the trees at regular intervals, and pruning and shaping the saplings at regular intervals; after rainfall or irrigation is carried out in growing seasons of an orchard, intertillage and soil loosening are carried out in time, the depth is 5-10 cm, soil is turned outwards deeply every year or every other year by taking a planting hole as a center before sealing and freezing after falling leaves in autumn, the depth is 25-40 cm, a tree disc is tidied in time, and organic fertilizer is applied after backfilling the soil;

4) and (3) disease and pest control: lime slurry is uniformly coated on the trunk part, water is drained in time, and the tree is reasonably trimmed, so that the ventilation and light transmission conditions are improved; in autumn, cleaning the orchard, cutting off insect-infected branches and dead branches, and removing the dead fruits; in the aspect of prevention, attracting plants are planted at four corners or four sides of the orchard to reduce harm to fruit trees, sugar and vinegar tanks and insect attracting lamps are hung in the orchard to trap and kill adults, and spraying bactericides and mineral spray oil are properly assisted to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests;

5) harvesting in due time: picking fruits by two-shearing method, the first shearing is carried out at a position 1 cm away from the fruit base, the second shearing is used for shearing the fruit base to be flat, picking is carried out firstly outside and then inside and firstly up and then down, and the sick fruit, cracked fruit and malformed fruit are removed, and the picked fruits are stored and treated.

In order to realize the optimization of the process and the effect, the further measures are as follows: the time for transplanting the nursery stock in the step 2) is autumn or early spring.

The row distance of the seedling transplantation in the step 2) is 3 meters multiplied by 4 meters.

The fertilizer water management in the step 3) comprises applying fertilizers once in spring, summer and autumn young trees of 1-3 years in the emergence period respectively, wherein 0.2-0.4 kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied per plant each time, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in a matching manner; applying four times of fertilizers, namely germination fertilizer, fruit protecting fertilizer, fruit strengthening fertilizer and fruit picking fertilizer to the adult trees; 1-1.5 kg of chemical fertilizer and one load of liquid dung are applied to the germination fertilizer; applying 0.5-1 kg of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and 0.5kg of chemical fertilizer to the fruit protection fertilizer; applying 0.5-1 kg of chemical fertilizer and 0.5-1 kg of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer to the fruit strengthening fertilizer; the fruit picking fertilizer is mainly applied with organic fertilizer, 20-50 kg of organic fertilizer and 0.5-1 kg of chemical fertilizer per plant; meanwhile, water is timely irrigated when the soil is dry, and water is timely drained when water is accumulated.

The pruning and shaping in the step 3) comprises the steps of combining short cutting and light cutting of the saplings, appropriately thinning and deleting the dense branch groups, and adjusting the balance of growth among the main branches; in the initial fruiting period, short sections are selected to treat all levels of backbone extension branches, summer shoots are erased, and strong autumn shoots are promoted; and retracting fruiting branch groups in time in the full bearing period, and cutting off light-blocking branches, dead branches and insect-disease branches.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: fertilizer and water management, trimming and pruning and disease and pest control are carried out on different growth stages of the oranges according to the growth rules of the oranges, so that the aims of improving the survival rate and the growth speed of the oranges are fulfilled, the germination fertilizer, the fruit protection fertilizer, the fruit strengthening fertilizer and the fruit picking fertilizer are controlled to be applied to the adult trees in a combined manner, the yield and the quality of the oranges are promoted, the large number of the inoculated oranges are effectively ensured, the number of the oranges is large, the planting income is ensured, the overall process is simple, the planting cost is low, and the economic benefit and the social benefit are remarkable.

The invention is widely suitable for being matched with citrus planting.

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.

Detailed Description

The first embodiment is as follows: a high-yield and stable-yield citrus planting method comprises the following steps:

2) planting treatment: after the pre-fertilizing period is finished, opening a sealing film, adding lime powder into the holes, mixing the surface soil and the fertilizer in the holes, fully stirring uniformly, standing for 2-3 days, digging the holes and planting seedlings, and reducing plant diseases and insect pests through the lime powder; selecting strong nursery stock for transplanting, vertically planting the nursery stock in the center of a hole, stretching and righting root systems, watering sufficient root fixing water after planting, enabling the root systems to be closely combined with soil on the basis of soil moisture saturation, and covering a layer of loose covering material to preserve soil moisture; the seedling transplanting time is autumn or early spring, the seedling is generally planted in autumn after leaf falling and before the soil is completely frozen, and the seedling is planted in early spring before 2-3 months of spring tip germination, so that the survival rate of the seedling is improved; the row and plant distance for transplanting the nursery stock is 3 meters multiplied by 4 meters, which is favorable for ventilation;

3) and (3) management in a growing period: paying attention to fertilizer and water management, carrying out thin application on young trees on duty, mainly using nitrogen fertilizer and applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in a matching manner; removing weeds around the roots of the trees at regular intervals, and pruning and shaping the saplings at regular intervals; after rainfall or irrigation is carried out in growing seasons of an orchard, intertillage and soil loosening are carried out in time, the depth is 5-10 cm, soil is turned outwards deeply every year or every other year by taking a planting hole as a center before sealing and freezing after falling leaves in autumn, the depth is 25-40 cm, a tree disc is tidied in time, and organic fertilizer is applied after backfilling the soil; the fertilizer water management comprises applying fertilizers once in spring, summer and autumn tips emergence periods of 1-3 years of young trees respectively, wherein each time of applying the nitrogen fertilizer is 0.2-0.4 kg per plant, and applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in a matching manner; applying four times of fertilizers, namely germination fertilizer, fruit protecting fertilizer, fruit strengthening fertilizer and fruit picking fertilizer to the adult trees; 1-1.5 kg of chemical fertilizer and one load of liquid dung are applied to the germination fertilizer; applying 0.5-1 kg of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and 0.5kg of chemical fertilizer to the fruit protection fertilizer; applying 0.5-1 kg of chemical fertilizer and 0.5-1 kg of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer to the fruit strengthening fertilizer; the fruit picking fertilizer is mainly applied with organic fertilizer, 20-50 kg of organic fertilizer and 0.5-1 kg of chemical fertilizer per plant; meanwhile, water is timely irrigated when the soil is dry, and water is timely drained when water is accumulated; the pruning and shaping comprises the steps of combining short cutting and light cutting of the saplings, appropriately thinning and deleting the dense branch groups, and adjusting the balance of growth among the main branches; in the initial fruiting period, short sections are selected to treat all levels of backbone extension branches, summer shoots are erased, and strong autumn shoots are promoted; retracting fruiting branch groups in time in the full bearing period, and cutting off light-blocking branches, dead branches and insect-disease branches;

Aiming at the growth habit of oranges, the survival rate and the growth speed of the oranges are greatly enhanced through the comprehensive management of soil selection, deep digging of tree pits, field planting and planting, the method has the characteristics of early maturity, beautiful fruit shape, excellent quality and the like, has high economic benefit, and is deeply welcomed by fruit growers, fruit businessmen and consumers; by combining the operations of shaping, pruning and thinning fruits, the redundant branches are cut off, so that the light transmission and ventilation of the oranges can be ensured, the centralized supply of nutrients is facilitated, and the large size and good quality of the harvested oranges are ensured; the invention perfects the operation method of each link of the orange planting technology, has systematicness and operability, not only greatly increases the growth speed of oranges, but also reduces plant diseases and insect pests and improves the yield.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and equivalent substitutions or changes according to the technical solution and the concept of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-yield and stable-yield citrus planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The method for planting high and stable yield of citrus fruits according to claim 1, wherein the time for transplanting the seedlings in the step 2) is autumn or early spring.

3. The method for planting high and stable yield of citrus fruits according to claim 1, wherein the row distance of seedling transplantation in the step 2) is 3 m x 4 m.

4. The citrus planting method with high and stable yield according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer water management in step 3) comprises applying fertilizer once in spring, summer and autumn young trees of 1-3 years in the emergence period, wherein each time the fertilizer is applied, the fertilizer is applied by 0.2-0.4 kg/plant, and the fertilizer is applied by phosphorus and potassium; applying four times of fertilizers, namely germination fertilizer, fruit protecting fertilizer, fruit strengthening fertilizer and fruit picking fertilizer to the adult trees; 1-1.5 kg of chemical fertilizer and one load of liquid dung are applied to the germination fertilizer; applying 0.5-1 kg of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and 0.5kg of chemical fertilizer to the fruit protection fertilizer; applying 0.5-1 kg of chemical fertilizer and 0.5-1 kg of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer to the fruit strengthening fertilizer; the fruit picking fertilizer is mainly applied with organic fertilizer, 20-50 kg of organic fertilizer and 0.5-1 kg of chemical fertilizer per plant; meanwhile, water is timely irrigated when the soil is dry, and water is timely drained when water is accumulated.

5. The citrus planting method with high and stable yield as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pruning and shaping in step 3) comprises the steps of cutting the saplings with short and light shears, properly thinning the dense branch groups, and adjusting the growth balance among the main branches; in the initial fruiting period, short sections are selected to treat all levels of backbone extension branches, summer shoots are erased, and strong autumn shoots are promoted; and retracting fruiting branch groups in time in the full bearing period, and cutting off light-blocking branches, dead branches and insect-disease branches.