CN112544330A - Planting method for high-yield and high-quality ponkan and citrus - Google Patents
Planting method for high-yield and high-quality ponkan and citrus Download PDFInfo
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- CN112544330A CN112544330A CN202011557313.9A CN202011557313A CN112544330A CN 112544330 A CN112544330 A CN 112544330A CN 202011557313 A CN202011557313 A CN 202011557313A CN 112544330 A CN112544330 A CN 112544330A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of planting methods of ponkan and citrus, and particularly relates to a high-yield and high-quality planting method of ponkan and citrus, which comprises the following steps: selecting a garden, preparing soil, planting, managing fertilizer and water, shaping and pruning, managing flowers and fruits and preventing and controlling diseases and pests; according to the invention, an experimental base is selected, and a set of complete practical cultivation management spring technology is formed through experimental researches on garden selection, cultivation technology, water and fertilizer management shaping pruning, flower and fruit management and the like, so that the yield of oranges is increased, the picking period of the oranges is prolonged, and the yield and income of fruit growers are increased; the introduced hybrid citrus new species, namely the Chunjian and the Chunjian belong to late-maturing species, has high yield, crisp and tender meat, slag melting, moderate sour and sweet taste, few seeds and no seeds, excellent quality and high price, and can greatly improve the income of fruit growers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of planting methods of ponkan and citrus, and particularly relates to a high-yield and high-quality planting method of ponkan and citrus.
Background
In the prior art, effective guidance is lacked when a fruit grower plants the ponkan, the variety of the planted ponkan is single, the mature period of the ponkan is highly concentrated, and the centralized sale can cause the price reduction of the ponkan, so that a set of complete management system and management system, high yield, crisp and tender meat, slag melting, sweet and sour taste, few seeds, no seeds and high quality planting method of the high-yield and high-quality ponkan and the citrus is urgently needed to be researched and developed.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to overcome the defects that effective guidance is lacked when citrus reticulata plants the citrus reticulata in the prior art, the variety of the planted citrus reticulata is single, the mature period of the citrus reticulata is highly concentrated, and the price of the citrus reticulata is reduced due to centralized sales, the invention provides a set of complete management system and management system, the high yield, crisp and tender meat, dregs melting, sweet and sour taste are good, few seeds and no seeds are generated, and the high-yield and high-quality citrus reticulata and citrus reticulata planting method is high in quality.
(II) technical scheme
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the invention provides a planting method of high-yield and high-quality ponkan and citrus, which comprises the following steps:
a) garden selection: selecting a land with flat terrain, deep soil layer and middle and upper fertility to build a garden; the method is characterized in that the deep soil layer is required to be more than 60 cm, and the soil ph value is 5.5-7.0; the slope of the orchard terrain is lower than 25 degrees; the garden planning is provided with roads, irrigation and drainage, water storage and auxiliary building facilities;
b) land preparation: adopting overall grass splitting to split weeds and miscellaneous irrigation heads; preparing soil by adopting an artificial open hole soil preparation mode, arranging row spacing along the horizontal direction of a contour line, planting holes at the row spacing, planting the plants at the row spacing of 2.5m multiplied by 3m, planting 75-80 plants per mu, and digging the holes at the specification of 50cm multiplied by 40 cm; when digging holes, placing surface soil at two sides of the planting holes, placing core soil at the lower region of the planting holes, removing tree roots, weeds and stones in the holes, applying base fertilizer, and backfilling soil to be 40cm high;
c) planting:
planting time: planting the seedlings in 2-3 months before spring shoot germination:
selecting nursery stocks: selecting I-grade container seedlings with full terminal buds, strong growth, upright plant types, normal color of leaves and trunks, developed root systems, no plant diseases and insect pests, more than one year of seedling age, 70cm of seedling height and more than 0.5cm of ground diameter;
planting mode: during planting, the nursery stock is placed in the center of the planting hole, the root system is stretched and righted, and the nursery stock is compacted while filling soil, so that the root system is tightly connected with the soil; watering enough root fixing water, making a tree tray of 1m around the sapling, and covering with weeds;
d) and (3) fertilizer and water management: mainly applying soil fertilizer and matching with foliar fertilizer application; adopting a method of annular furrow application or strip furrow application or hole application or soil surface fertilizer spreading; fertilizing the young trees: performing thin fertilization frequently, mainly using a carbon-based nutrient microbial fertilizer, applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in a matching manner, and applying the fertilizers for 5-6 times in spring, summer and autumn tips in a pumping period, wherein each plant is applied by 0.4 jin each time; applying 100-400 g of pure nitrogen to 1-3 young trees in a single plant year, wherein the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1: 0.4: 1 is preferred; applying fertilizers, namely germination fertilizers, fruit protection fertilizers, fruit strengthening fertilizers and fruit picking fertilizers, to adult trees for four times, and spraying carbon-based nutrient water-soluble fertilizers;
e) shaping and trimming: the spring branches are upright, the branch-forming force and the branch-forming force are strong, and the young trees are required to be opened and combined with the thinning and the shortening when being shaped and trimmed; controlling the summer shoots and the autumn shoots to be shaped into a natural open heart; the trunk height is 20-40 cm, the main branches have 3-4 branches, the main branches are distributed on the trunk in a staggered manner, the branch angle of the main rod is 30-50 degrees, and 2-3 auxiliary main branches are reserved on each main branch;
f) the flower and fruit management key points are as follows: adjusting the ratio of leaves to fruits to 80-90; in the fruit thinning time, after the second physiological fruit drop in the last 6 months, removing small fruits, diseased fruits, worm fruits, malformed fruits and over dense fruits;
g) the main points of disease and pest control are as follows: the control of mites is enhanced in spring and summer, and the control of leaf miner is noticed in 7-8 months; in autumn and winter, the control of the rust ticks should be paid attention to.
Further, the garden planning in the step a) is concentrated into slices, and the conditions of traffic and water sources are good.
Further, in the step d), water is filled when the soil is dry, and water is drained when water is accumulated.
Furthermore, the planting weather in the step c) is cloudy, hairy rain or first sunny after rain.
Furthermore, after the third main branch is formed in the step e), the similar central trunk is cut and twisted to one side to form a bearing branch group.
Further, the fruit thinning in step f) must not be excessive, and the yield must be maintained to produce medium fruit.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, through selecting an experimental base and through experimental researches on garden selection, cultivation technology, water and fertilizer management, shaping and pruning, flower and fruit management and the like, a set of complete cultivation and management spring practical technology is formed, the yield of oranges is improved, the picking period of the oranges is prolonged, the yield and income of fruit growers are promoted, and the rapid, continuous and healthy development of the citrus industry is realized; the new hybrid citrus variety is introduced, namely spring harvest, the planting area is 50 mu, the number of the plants is 4000, less fruit production can be expected after three years, and the fruit production can be achieved after four years; the spring-spotted cherry seeds belong to late-maturing varieties, are high in yield, crisp and tender in meat quality, suitable for acid and sweet taste, few in seeds and no in seeds, excellent in quality and high in price, and can greatly improve income of fruit growers.
Detailed Description
In the technical scheme:
in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
a) Garden selection: selecting a land with flat terrain, deep soil layer and middle and upper fertility to build a garden; the method is characterized in that the deep soil layer is required to be more than 60 cm, and the soil ph value is 5.5-7.0; the slope of the orchard terrain is lower than 25 degrees; when planning a garden, necessary roads, irrigation and drainage, water storage and auxiliary building facilities are needed; during specific planning, the method can be concentrated as much as possible, and a garden is built in a place with good traffic and water source conditions;
b) land preparation: adopting overall grass splitting to split weeds and miscellaneous irrigation heads; preparing soil by adopting an artificial open hole soil preparation mode, arranging row spacing along the horizontal direction of a contour line, planting holes at the row spacing, planting the plants at the row spacing of 2.5m multiplied by 3m, planting 75-80 plants per mu, and digging the holes at the specification of 50cm multiplied by 40 cm; when digging holes, placing surface soil at two sides of the planting holes, placing core soil at the lower region of the planting holes, removing tree roots, weeds and stones in the holes, applying base fertilizer, and backfilling soil to be 40cm high;
c) planting: planting time; planting the seedlings in early spring before spring tips sprout in 2-3 months, wherein the planting weather is cloudy, capillary rain or first sunny after rain; 2, selecting I-level container seedlings with plump terminal buds, strong growth, upright plant types, normal color of leaves and trunks, developed root systems, no plant diseases and insect pests, more than one year of seedling age, 70cm of seedling height and more than 0.5cm of ground diameter; during planting, the nursery stock is placed in the center of the planting hole, the root system is stretched and righted, and the nursery stock is compacted while filling soil, so that the root system is tightly connected with the soil; watering enough root fixing water, making a tree tray of 1m around the sapling, and covering with weeds;
d) managing fertilizer and water; mainly applying soil fertilizer and matching with foliar fertilizer application; the method of annular furrow application, strip furrow application, hole application, soil surface fertilizer spreading and the like is adopted; fertilizing the young trees: performing thin fertilization frequently, mainly using a carbon-based nutrient microbial fertilizer, applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in a matching manner, and applying the fertilizers for 5-6 times in spring, summer and autumn tips in a pumping period, wherein each plant is applied by 0.4 jin each time; applying 100-400 g of pure nitrogen to 1-3 young trees in a single plant year, wherein the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1: 0.4: 1 is preferred; applying fertilizers, namely germination fertilizers, fruit protection fertilizers, fruit strengthening fertilizers and fruit picking fertilizers, to adult trees for four times, and spraying carbon-based nutrient water-soluble fertilizers; irrigating water when the soil is dry, and draining water when water is accumulated;
e) shaping and trimming: the spring branches are upright, the branch-forming force and the branch-forming force are strong, and the young trees need to be opened and the branches are combined when being shaped and trimmed, so that the branch quality is improved, and the ventilation and light transmission are increased; spring bearing branches are mainly spring shoots, but young trees can bear fruits at autumn shoots, so that summer shoots and autumn shoots are mainly controlled in cultivation to promote high-quality spring shoots, and the yield and quality can be improved; shaping into a natural open heart shape; the trunk height is 20-40 cm, the main branches (3-4 branches) are distributed on the trunk in a staggered manner, the branch angle of the main rod is 30-50 degrees, and 2-3 auxiliary main branches are reserved on each main branch; after the third main branch is formed, the similar central trunk is cut off and twisted to one side to form a bearing branch group;
f) managing key points of flowers and fruits; the fruiting capacity in spring is very strong, so that the fruit thinning needs to be paid attention, and the ratio of leaves to fruits is adjusted to 80-90: thus ensuring the big and good quality of the fruit; the fruit thinning time is proper after the second physiological fruit drop in the last 6 months, and small fruits, diseased fruits, worm fruits, malformed fruits and over dense fruits are thinned; but the fruits cannot be thinned excessively, otherwise, large coarse-skinned fruits are formed, the quality is poor, and the storage stability is reduced; therefore, a certain yield must be kept, and medium fruits are preferably produced;
g) the main points of disease and pest control; the resistance to canker and decline disease is strong in spring, but the anthracnose is sensitive, particularly after a large number of fruits are fruited, weak trees and weak branches are more in morbidity, and timely prevention and treatment are required; the control of mites is enhanced in spring and summer, and the control of leaf miner is noticed in 7-8 months; the plant is sensitive to the rust ticks in spring, and the control of the rust ticks should be paid attention to in autumn and winter.
According to the method, a lateral slice area of a Kumao tea plant in a community before Fuxiang of Futian county in Anxi county and a Jiguoban slice area of a pit Zai tea plant are selected as a new orange variety-spring test base, the planting areas are respectively 20 mu and 30 mu, and a set of practical technology for completely cultivating and managing spring is formed through test researches on garden selection, cultivation technology, water and fertilizer management shaping and trimming, flower and fruit management and the like, so that the price of the whole oranges in Futian county is improved, the picking period of the oranges is prolonged, the yield and income of the fruit growers are increased, and the rapid, continuous and healthy development of the citrus industry in Futian county is realized; the new species of the Japanese hybrid citrus, Chunhui, is introduced, the planting area is 50 mu, the number of the plant is 4000, the fruit can be reduced after three years, and the fruit can be produced after four years. The spring-spotted cherry seeds belong to late-maturing varieties, are high in yield, crisp and tender in meat quality, suitable for acid and sweet taste, few in seeds and no in seeds, excellent in quality and high in price, and can greatly improve income of fruit growers.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A planting method of high-yield and high-quality ponkan and citrus is characterized by comprising the following steps: the planting method comprises the following steps:
a) garden selection: selecting a land with flat terrain, deep soil layer and middle and upper fertility to build a garden; the method is characterized in that the deep soil layer is required to be more than 60 cm, and the soil ph value is 5.5-7.0; the slope of the orchard terrain is lower than 25 degrees; the garden planning is provided with roads, irrigation and drainage, water storage and auxiliary building facilities;
b) land preparation: adopting overall grass splitting to split weeds and miscellaneous irrigation heads; preparing soil by adopting an artificial open hole soil preparation mode, arranging row spacing along the horizontal direction of a contour line, planting holes at the row spacing, planting the plants at the row spacing of 2.5m multiplied by 3m, planting 75-80 plants per mu, and digging the holes at the specification of 50cm multiplied by 40 cm; when digging holes, placing surface soil at two sides of the planting holes, placing core soil at the lower region of the planting holes, removing tree roots, weeds and stones in the holes, applying base fertilizer, and backfilling soil to be 40cm high;
c) planting:
planting time: planting the seedlings in 2-3 months before spring shoot germination:
selecting nursery stocks: selecting I-grade container seedlings with full terminal buds, strong growth, upright plant types, normal color of leaves and trunks, developed root systems, no plant diseases and insect pests, more than one year of seedling age, 70cm of seedling height and more than 0.5cm of ground diameter;
planting mode: during planting, the nursery stock is placed in the center of the planting hole, the root system is stretched and righted, and the nursery stock is compacted while filling soil, so that the root system is tightly connected with the soil; watering enough root fixing water, making a tree tray of 1m around the sapling, and covering with weeds;
d) and (3) fertilizer and water management: mainly applying soil fertilizer and matching with foliar fertilizer application; adopting a method of annular furrow application or strip furrow application or hole application or soil surface fertilizer spreading; fertilizing the young trees: performing thin fertilization frequently, mainly using a carbon-based nutrient microbial fertilizer, applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in a matching manner, and applying the fertilizers for 5-6 times in spring, summer and autumn tips in a pumping period, wherein each plant is applied by 0.4 jin each time; applying 100-400 g of pure nitrogen to 1-3 young trees in a single plant year, wherein the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1: 0.4: 1 is preferred; applying fertilizers, namely germination fertilizers, fruit protection fertilizers, fruit strengthening fertilizers and fruit picking fertilizers, to adult trees for four times, and spraying carbon-based nutrient water-soluble fertilizers;
e) shaping and trimming: the spring branches are upright, the branch-forming force and the branch-forming force are strong, and the young trees are required to be opened and combined with the thinning and the shortening when being shaped and trimmed; controlling the summer shoots and the autumn shoots to be shaped into a natural open heart; the trunk height is 20-40 cm, the main branches have 3-4 branches, the main branches are distributed on the trunk in a staggered manner, the branch angle of the main rod is 30-50 degrees, and 2-3 auxiliary main branches are reserved on each main branch;
f) the flower and fruit management key points are as follows: adjusting the ratio of leaves to fruits to 80-90; in the fruit thinning time, after the second physiological fruit drop in the last 6 months, removing small fruits, diseased fruits, worm fruits, malformed fruits and over dense fruits;
g) the main points of disease and pest control are as follows: the control of mites is enhanced in spring and summer, and the control of leaf miner is noticed in 7-8 months; in autumn and winter, the control of the rust ticks should be paid attention to.
2. The method for planting high-yield and high-quality ponkan and citrus according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step a), the garden is planned to be concentrated into slices, and the conditions of traffic and water sources are good.
3. The method for planting high-yield and high-quality ponkan and citrus according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and d), irrigating water when the soil is dry in the step d), and draining water when water is accumulated.
4. The method for planting high-yield and high-quality ponkan and citrus according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and c) selecting cloudy days, hairy rain days or first sunny days after rain in the planting weather in the step c).
5. The method for planting high-yield and high-quality ponkan and citrus according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and e), after the third main branch is formed in the step e), cutting off the twisting direction of the similar central trunk to form a bearing branch group.
6. The method for planting high-yield and high-quality ponkan and citrus according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fruit thinning in step f) must not be excessive, and the yield must be maintained at a level suitable for producing medium fruit.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114402892A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-04-29 | 浙江省台州市农资股份有限公司 | Method for preventing and treating decline of tree vigor of red beauty citrus |
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| CN109089697A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2018-12-28 | 紫云自治县高原红种植农民专业合作社 | A kind of yellow orange planting and managing method |
| CN111011091A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-17 | 吉首市金红土富硒椪柑专业合作社 | High-yield and stable-yield orange planting method |
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- 2020-12-25 CN CN202011557313.9A patent/CN112544330A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109089697A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2018-12-28 | 紫云自治县高原红种植农民专业合作社 | A kind of yellow orange planting and managing method |
| CN111011091A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-17 | 吉首市金红土富硒椪柑专业合作社 | High-yield and stable-yield orange planting method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| 李军: "《"不知火"杂柑在简阳地区的引种技术》", 《四川农业科技》 * |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114402892A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-04-29 | 浙江省台州市农资股份有限公司 | Method for preventing and treating decline of tree vigor of red beauty citrus |
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