CN106665047B - Cultivation method of melon in greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a cultivation method of muskmelons in a greenhouse, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting melon seeds for seedling raising to obtain melon seedlings; s2, selecting melon field, building a greenhouse, preparing soil and making ridges, wherein the greenhouse comprises: a shed frame, a shed cover and a water and fertilizer irrigation device; s3, planting; applying nutrient solution to melon seedlings through a water and fertilizer irrigation device during field planting, wherein the application amount is different according to different growth periods of the melons; the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: grinding and crushing honeysuckle, achyranthes aspera, radix sophorae flavescentis, phoenix tree leaf, tripterygium wilfordii, houttuynia cordata and buddleia, sequentially extracting with ethanol with the volume fraction of 70-80% and 60-70%, and combining the extracting solutions to obtain a first extracting solution; adding chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, chlorothalonil, honey, mandipropamid, urea, plant ash, water and calcium superphosphate into the first extracting solution, and mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain the compound feed. The muskmelon produced by the cultivation method has good disease resistance and quality and high yield.

Description

Cultivation method of melon in greenhouse

technical field

The present invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for cultivating muskmelon in a greenhouse.

Background technique

Melons are widely cultivated in temperate to tropical regions of the world, and are also widely cultivated in various parts of China. They are the earliest melons used as fruits in China. Melons have a long history of cultivation and a wide variety of varieties. The shape, color, size and taste of the fruits also vary according to the variety. In horticulture, it is divided into dozens of strains, such as common melon, muskmelon, white orchid, etc., all of which belong to different strains. The fruit is an important fruit in midsummer.

With the adjustment of the planting industry structure and the rapid development of high-efficiency agriculture, the area of melons planted in small sheds, medium sheds, greenhouses, and greenhouses has increased year by year. Due to the continuous planting in successive years, the sources of disease and insect sources have accumulated year by year, resulting in an increase in the number of pests and diseases, and the degree of damage. It is increasing year by year, and improper field management during planting, resulting in water shortage or nutrient components and even pests and diseases in melon seedlings, affecting the yield and quality of melon. Such as melon anthracnose, blight, fusarium wilt, aphids, red spider and other diseases and insect pests occur in the planting area from time to time, resulting in a reduction of about 20% to 30% in melon production, and the quality and economic benefits are reduced.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to provide at least the advantages which will be described later.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method of melon in a greenhouse, which can reasonably control the application amount of water and fertilizer through a scientific water and fertilizer application method, which is not only beneficial to the growth of melon, but also avoids wasting water and fertilizer. Improve the yield and quality of melons, and the melons produced have good disease resistance and quality.

In order to realize these purposes and other advantages according to the present invention, a kind of cultivation method of greenhouse muskmelon is provided, comprising:

S1. Select melon seeds with full grains and soak them at a temperature of 40-60°C for 1-2 hours, drain and germinate to obtain treated seeds; place the treated seeds on a nursery bed containing nutrient soil at a temperature of 25-30°C ℃, raising seedlings for 25-35 days to obtain melon seedlings; the nutrient soil is mixed from bagasse, plant ash, decomposed organic fertilizer, and thiophanate-methyl in proportions of 1:2-6:5-10:0.1-0.5;

S2. Select the sandy loam land that has not been planted with melons within 3 years as the melon field, turn the soil with a soil depth of 25-30cm in the melon field, and then follow the method of 1500-2000kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure and 40-50kg/mu of compound fertilizer. , 75～100kg/mu of crushed cassava peel, 100～200kg/mu of superphosphate, 200～500kg/mu of plant ash, mixed fertilizer obtained by fermenting for 10～20d and applied in the soil; In the greenhouse, ridges are prepared in the greenhouse, and the ridges are covered with plastic film. The distance between two adjacent ridges is 1-1.5m, and planting pits are opened every 1-2m on the ridges;

The greenhouse includes: a scaffold, which includes a plurality of sets of vertical supports arranged opposite to each other along the length direction of the ridge, and a cross beam frame located between two opposite vertical supports, and two ends of the cross beam frame are respectively connected to the vertical frame. The top ends of the straight supports are connected; the shed cover, which sequentially includes an insect-proof net layer, a sunshade net layer, and a thermal insulation layer from the inside to the outside, the canopy cover is covered on the shelf; a water and fertilizer irrigation device; a red and blue light illumination device, which is provided with on the beam frame;

Wherein, the water and fertilizer irrigation device includes: a second spray pipe, which is located between the two ridges and arranged along the length of the ridge, and a side of the second spray pipe close to the planting pit is provided with a plurality of groups of second spray holes, each group of The second spray holes are arranged along the length direction of the second spray pipes; a plurality of first spray pipes, each first spray pipe is vertically arranged and arranged in sequence along the length direction of the second spray pipes, and the bottom of each first spray pipe is the same as the bottom of the second spray pipe. The second spray pipes are connected in the same way, and the outer surface of each first spray pipe is provided with a plurality of first spray holes; the first feeding pipe is connected to the top of each first spray pipe; the feeding control box, which It is arranged outside the canopy, and is communicated with the first feeding pipe through the second feeding pipe;

S3. Add water to the feeding control box, water through the first spray pipe and the second spray pipe, and then transplant the melon seedlings into the planting pit for planting; during the planting period, keep the temperature in the greenhouse at 26-35°C during the day and at night. The temperature is 18-22°C, and the relative air humidity is maintained at 50-70%; adding nutrient solution to the feeding control box and applying the nutrient solution to the melon seedlings through the first spray pipe and the second spray pipe, the specific method is: from the field planting To flowering, add nutrient solution to the feeding control box every 3 ~ 5d, and the amount of each application is 8 ~ 12kg/mu; from flowering to fruit maturity, add nutrient solution to the feeding control box every 6 ~ 8d, each time The application amount is 15-20kg/mu; from the fruit maturity period to the fruit picking, the nutrient solution is added to the feeding control box every 8-12d, and the application amount is 5-10kg/mu each time; The preparation method is as follows: 10-20 parts by weight of honeysuckle, 5-10 parts of Achyranthes, 1-2 parts of Sophora flavescens, 1-5 parts of Sycamore leaves, 1-2 parts of Tripterygium wilfordii, 8-10 parts of Parts of Houttuynia cordata and 5 to 10 parts of Ashwagandha are ground and pulverized, followed by extracting 20 to 30 parts by weight of 70 to 80% and 60 to 70% aqueous ethanol solutions at a temperature of 60 to 90°C. For 12 to 24 hours, combine the two extracts to obtain the first extract; add chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, chlorothalonil, honey, dipropamid, urea, plant ash, water, superphosphate to the first extract Mix and stir to obtain; wherein, the mass ratio of the first extracting solution, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, chlorothalonil, honey, bispropamid, urea, plant ash, water, and superphosphate is 1:0.1～0.5: 1～2:1～5:0.1～0.5:10～20:10～15:30～50:10～15.

Preferably, in the method for cultivating muskmelon in a greenhouse, germination in S1 includes soaking the muskmelon seeds in a peracetic acid solution with a mass fraction of 2-5% for 1-2 hours, washing them, and then placing them in a seed soaking agent The medium temperature is 30-40 DEG C, soaking for 6-12 hours; the preparation method of the seed soaking agent comprises: 10-20 parts by weight of Achyranthes, 5-10 parts of Xuan Papaya, 2-5 parts of bergamot, 1-2 parts of Magnolia officinalis are mixed and pulverized, extracted with 30-60 parts by weight of an ethanol aqueous solution with a volume fraction of 50-70% at a temperature of 60-90 ° C for 12-24 hours, and the extract is collected; the extract, ethylene ethanol, fulvic acid, vitamins, gibberellin, water, and mixing to obtain a seed soaking agent; wherein, the mass ratio of the extract, ethephon, fulvic acid, vitamins, gibberellin, and water is 1:0.1～ 0.2:0.5～1:0.01～0.05:0.01～0.05:10～20.

Preferably, in the method for cultivating muskmelon in a greenhouse, in the first 20 days after planting in S3, the red and blue light illumination device is turned on from 16:00 to 19:00 every day, and the illumination intensity is 5000-10000 lux; wherein, the wavelength of the red light is 650-680 nm, The wavelength of blue light is 450 to 460 nm.

Preferably, in the method for cultivating melon in a greenhouse, in S3, the method further comprises the following steps: 5d after planting, 9 o'clock to 12 o'clock to shade with a shading net layer, 12 o'clock to 14 o'clock after 5 days to shade with a shading net, and after 10 d Shade with a shade net from 14 to 16 o'clock on the 20th day of planting.

Preferably, in the cultivation method of the cantaloupe melon in the greenhouse, the connection of each first spray pipe and the second spray pipe in S2 is provided with an automatic control valve, and the liquid supply control box can control the opening or the opening of the automatic control valve. closure.

Preferably, in the method for cultivating muskmelon in a greenhouse, S3 also includes enabling water and fertilizer irrigation device watering, watering once every 5 to 8d days from field planting to flowering, and opening the automatic control valve; from flowering to fruit maturity period Water once every 3 to 5 days and open the automatic control valve; water once every 6 to 10 days from the maturity stage to picking, and close the automatic control valve at the same time.

Preferably, the cultivation method of described greenhouse muskmelon, in S3, open automatic control valve when applying nutrient solution from field planting to flowering; open automatic control valve when applying nutrient solution from flowering to fruit ripening stage; from fruit ripening stage to fruit picking Before closing the automatic control valve.

The present invention includes at least the following beneficial effects:

1. The present invention has a shading effect by setting a three-layered greenhouse cover, which can keep the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse stable and is conducive to the growth of melons, and also has an insect-proof effect simultaneously; The first 20 days after the melon is planted can ensure that the melon seedlings get sufficient light in the early stage of planting, especially at night, which is conducive to the growth of the melon.

2. Use seed soaking agent for germination of melon seedlings before planting. The seed soaking agent can not only promote the division of melon seedlings and promote the growth of melon seedlings, but also kill the bacterial eggs on the middle skin, which is beneficial to the growth of melon seedlings in the later stage. ; During the planting process of melon seedlings, different amounts of nutrient solution are applied according to different growth cycles of melon, which not only ensures the normal growth demand of melon, but also prevents melon from absorbing too much or too little nutrients and causing poor quality of melon; wherein the nutrient solution The extracts of honeysuckle, Achyranthes, Sophora flavescens, Sycamore leaf, Tripterygium wilfordii, Houttuynia cordata and Ashwagandha not only provide nutrients for the growth of melons, but also have sterilization and insecticidal effects to reduce the occurrence of diseases; chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, Chlorothalonil and Dipropamidil have the effect of killing harmful pests and diseases; urea, plant ash, water, superphosphate, honey can provide essential elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for the growth of melon, and promote the growth of melon; the above nutrient solution The synergistic effect of various ingredients, complementary nutrients and insecticidal and sterilization, greatly improves the quality and yield of melons. Compared with traditional pesticides, it can reduce environmental pollution and be more environmentally friendly.

3. In the process of planting, a water and fertilizer irrigation device is also used to apply water and fertilizer to the melon, which includes a second spray pipe arranged along the length of the ridge. This setting method can apply water and fertilizer to the soil near the root of the melon to ensure that the root of the melon can absorb water and fertilizer in time , to promote the rooting of melon; the vertically arranged first spray pipe can apply water and fertilizer to the leaf surface of melon and melon seedlings to ensure sufficient water and fertilizer on the leaf surface; in the specific process, it can also be used at the connection of the first spray pipe and the second spray pipe. Set the valve, open or close the valve according to the growth cycle of the melon, and reasonably control the amount of water and fertilizer applied, which is not only conducive to the growth of the melon, improving the yield and quality of the melon, but also avoiding the waste of water and fertilizer. labor efficiency.

Other advantages, objects, and features of the present invention will appear in part from the description that follows, and in part will be appreciated by those skilled in the art from the study and practice of the invention.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the side view of the greenhouse according to the present invention, and wherein internal parts are not shown;

Fig. 2 is the front view of the greenhouse of the present invention;

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it with reference to the description.

It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials can be obtained from commercial sources unless otherwise specified; in the description of the present invention, The terms "landscape", "portrait", "top", "bottom", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "inside" and "outside" is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the indicated device or element must have The particular orientation, construction and operation in the particular orientation are therefore not to be construed as limitations of the invention.

Example 1

As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, the present invention provides a kind of cultivation method of greenhouse muskmelon, comprising:

S1. Select melon seeds with full granules and soak them at 40°C for 1 hour, drain and germinate to obtain treated seeds; place the treated seeds on a nursery bed containing nutrient soil at a temperature of 25°C and raise seedlings for 25 days to obtain melons Seedlings; the nutrient soil is formed by mixing bagasse, plant ash, decomposed organic fertilizer, and thiophanate-methyl in a proportion of 1:2:5:0.1; placing the melon seeds on the seedbed containing the nutrient soil can promote the rapid growth of the seeds, And it can kill harmful bacteria attached to the surface of seeds and promote seed germination.

S2. Select the sandy loam land that has not been planted with melons within 3 years as the melon field, and turn the soil with a soil depth of 25cm in the melon field, and then according to 1500kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 40kg/mu of compound fertilizer, and crushed cassava peels 75kg/mu, 100kg/mu of superphosphate, 200kg/mu of plant ash, mixed fertilizer obtained after fermenting for 10d and applied in the soil; before planting, build a greenhouse on the melon field, prepare a ridge in the greenhouse, and cover the ridge with plastic film, The distance between two adjacent ridges is 1m, and planting pits are set up on the ridges every 1m; various nutrients are applied to the soil surface to provide various nutrients necessary for sweet growth, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, to promote the rapid growth of melons ;

The greenhouse includes: a scaffold, which includes a plurality of sets of vertical supports 11 arranged opposite to each other along the length direction of the ridge, and a beam frame 12 located between the two opposite vertical supports 11, and the two ends of the beam frame 12 are respectively Connected with the top of the vertical support 11; the canopy 2, which sequentially includes an insect-proof mesh layer, a sunshade mesh layer, and a thermal insulation layer from the inside to the outside, and the canopy 2 is covered on the scaffold; a water and fertilizer irrigation device; The red and blue light illumination device 4 is arranged on the beam frame 12;

Wherein, the water and fertilizer irrigation device includes: a second spray pipe 31, which is located between two ridges and arranged along the length of the ridge, and a side of the second spray pipe 31 close to the planting pit is provided with a plurality of groups of second spray holes 311 , each group of second spray holes 311 is arranged along the length direction of the second spray pipe 31; a plurality of first spray pipes 32, each first spray pipe 32 is vertically arranged and arranged in sequence along the length direction of the second spray pipe 31, each The bottoms of the first spray pipes 32 are all connected to the second spray pipes 31, and the outer surface of each first spray pipe 32 is provided with a plurality of first spray holes 321; The top of the spray pipe 32 is communicated and connected; the feeding control box 35 is arranged outside the canopy, and is communicated with the first feeding pipe 33 through the second feeding pipe 34;

The greenhouse includes: a scaffold, which includes a plurality of sets of vertical supports 11 arranged opposite to each other along the length direction of the ridge, and a beam frame 12 located between the two opposite vertical supports 11, and the two ends of the beam frame 12 are respectively Connected with the top of the vertical support 11; the canopy 2, which sequentially includes an insect-proof mesh layer, a sunshade mesh layer, and a thermal insulation layer from the inside to the outside, and the canopy 2 is covered on the scaffold; a water and fertilizer irrigation device; The red and blue light illumination device 4 is arranged on the beam frame 12;

Wherein, the water and fertilizer irrigation device includes: a second spray pipe 31, which is located between two ridges and arranged along the length of the ridge, and a side of the second spray pipe 31 close to the planting pit is provided with a plurality of groups of second spray holes 311 , each group of second spray holes 311 is arranged along the length direction of the second spray pipe 31; a plurality of first spray pipes 32, each first spray pipe 32 is vertically arranged and arranged in sequence along the length direction of the second spray pipe 31, each The bottoms of the first spray pipes 32 are all connected to the second spray pipes 31, and the outer surface of each first spray pipe 32 is provided with a plurality of first spray holes 321; The top of the spray pipe 32 is communicated and connected; the feeding control box 35 is arranged outside the canopy, and is communicated with the first feeding pipe 33 through the second feeding pipe 34;

S3, add water to the feeding control box 35, water through the first spray pipe 32 and the second spray pipe 31, water so that the moisture content of the soil is 50%, and then the melon seedlings are transplanted into the planting pit for field planting; During the planting period, the daytime temperature in the greenhouse was kept at 22°C, the nighttime temperature was 18°C, and the relative air humidity was kept at 70%; the nutrient solution was added to the feeding control box 35 and sent to the melon seeds through the first spray pipe 32 and the second spray pipe 31. The nutrient solution is applied to the seedlings, and the specific method is: from the field planting to flowering, add the nutrient solution to the feeding control box every 3d, and the amount of each application is 8kg/mu; Add nutrient solution, and each application amount is 15kg/mu; from the fruit maturity period to before fruit picking, add nutrient solution to the feeding control box every 8d, and each application amount is 5kg/mu; wherein, the preparation of nutrient solution in S3 The method is as follows: grind 10 parts of honeysuckle, 5 parts of Achyranthes, 1 part of Sophora flavescens, 1 part of Sycamore leaf, 1 part of Tripterygium wilfordii, 8 parts of Houttuynia cordata, and 5 parts of Ashwagandha Pulverize, extract 20 parts by weight of 70% and 60% ethanol aqueous solutions at a temperature of 60° C. for 12 hours in turn, combine the two extracts to obtain a first extract; add chlorobromide to the first extract Isocyanuric acid, chlorothalonil, honey, dipropamid, urea, plant ash, water, and superphosphate are mixed and stirred evenly; wherein, the first extract, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, chlorothalonil, honey, The mass ratio of bispropamid, urea, plant ash, water, and superphosphate is 1:0.1:1:1:0.1:10:10:30:10.

The germination in S1 includes soaking the melon seeds in a peracetic acid solution with a mass fraction of 2% for 1 hour, washing them, and then placing them in a seed soaking agent at a temperature of 30° C. for 6 hours; The preparation method includes: mixing and pulverizing 10 parts by weight of Achyranthes radix, 5 parts of Xuan papaya, 2 parts of bergamot, and 1 part of Magnolia officinalis, and using 30 parts by weight of 50% ethanol aqueous solution at temperature Extraction at 60°C for 12 h, and collect the extract; mix the extract, ethephon, fulvic acid, vitamins, gibberellin, water, and water to obtain a seed soaking agent; wherein, the extract, ethephon, fulvic acid, The mass ratio of vitamins, gibberellins and water is 1:0.1:0.5:0.01:0.01:10.

In the first 20 days after planting in S3, the red and blue light illumination device was turned on from 16:00 to 19:00 every day, and the light intensity was 5000 lux; wherein, the wavelength of red light was 650 nm, and the wavelength of blue light was 450 nm.

The S3 also includes the first 5 days after the planting, 9 o'clock to 12 o'clock to shade with a shading net layer, 12 o'clock to 14 o'clock after 5 days to shade with a shading net, and 10 days to the 20 d after the colonization. shade.

In the S2, an automatic control valve is provided at the connection between each first spray pipe 32 and the second spray pipe 31, and the feeding control box 35 can control the opening or closing of the automatic control valve. The automatic control valve can use the valve controlled by the electromagnetic relay, of course, the ordinary valve can also be used to adjust the opening or closing of the valve manually, but the automatic control valve is obviously more convenient. When the valve is opened, water or nutrient solution can be sprayed from the first spray hole 321 of the first spray pipe 32 to water or apply nutrient solution to the leaf surface of the melon, or from the second spray hole of the second spray pipe 31 The 311 spray can water or apply nutrient solution to the soil leaf surface near the root of the melon to ensure the growth of the root of the melon; when the valve is closed, the water or nutrient solution can only be sprayed from the first spray hole 321 of the first spray pipe 32 It is sprayed to water or apply nutrient solution to the leaf surface of the melon; the valve can be adjusted to adapt to the water and nutrients of the melon in different growth periods, the operation is simple, and the waste is reduced.

In described S3, also include enabling water and fertilizer irrigation device watering, watering once every 5d days from field planting to flowering, and opening the automatic control valve; watering once every 3d from flowering to fruit maturity period and opening the automatic control valve; fruit ripening During the period of picking, water every 6d, and close the automatic control valve at the same time.

In the S3, the automatic control valve is opened when the nutrient solution is applied from the field planting to the flowering; the automatic control valve is opened when the nutrient solution is applied from the flowering to the fruit ripening stage; the automatic control valve is closed from the fruit ripening stage to the fruit picking.

Example 2

As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, the present invention provides a kind of cultivation method of greenhouse muskmelon, comprising:

S1. Select melon seeds with full granules and soak them for 1.5 hours at a temperature of 50 °C, drain and germinate to obtain treated seeds; place the treated seeds on a nursery bed containing nutrient soil at a temperature of 28 °C, and raise the seedlings for 30 days to obtain Melon seeds and seedlings; the nutrient soil is mixed from bagasse, plant ash, decomposed organic fertilizer, and thiophanate-methyl in a ratio of 1:4:7:0.3;

S2. Select the sandy loam land that has not been planted with melons within 3 years as the melon field, and turn the soil with a soil depth of 27 cm in the melon field, and then according to 1800kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 45kg/mu of compound fertilizer, crushed cassava peel 90kg/mu, 150kg/mu of superphosphate, 350kg/mu of plant ash, mixed fertilizer obtained after fermenting for 15d and applied in the soil; before planting, build a greenhouse on the melon field, prepare the soil in the greenhouse to make ridges, and cover the ridges with plastic film, The distance between two adjacent ridges is 1.2m, and planting pits are opened on the ridges every 1.5m;

The greenhouse includes: a scaffold, which includes a plurality of sets of vertical supports 11 arranged opposite to each other along the length direction of the ridge, and a beam frame 12 located between the two opposite vertical supports 11, and the two ends of the beam frame 12 are respectively Connected with the top of the vertical support 11; the canopy 2, which sequentially includes an insect-proof mesh layer, a sunshade mesh layer, and a thermal insulation layer from the inside to the outside, and the canopy 2 is covered on the scaffold; a water and fertilizer irrigation device; The red and blue light illumination device 4 is arranged on the beam frame 12;

Wherein, the water and fertilizer irrigation device includes: a second spray pipe 31, which is located between two ridges and arranged along the length of the ridge, and a side of the second spray pipe 31 close to the planting pit is provided with a plurality of groups of second spray holes 311 , each group of second spray holes 311 is arranged along the length direction of the second spray pipe 31; a plurality of first spray pipes 32, each first spray pipe 32 is vertically arranged and arranged in sequence along the length direction of the second spray pipe 31, each The bottoms of the first spray pipes 32 are all connected to the second spray pipes 31, and the outer surface of each first spray pipe 32 is provided with a plurality of first spray holes 321; The top of the spray pipe 32 is communicated and connected; the feeding control box 35 is arranged outside the canopy, and is communicated with the first feeding pipe 33 through the second feeding pipe 34;

S3, add water to the feeding control box 35, water through the first spray pipe 32 and the second spray pipe 31, water to make the moisture content of the soil 60%, and then the melon seedlings are transplanted into the planting pit for field planting; During the planting period, the daytime temperature in the greenhouse was kept at 25°C, the nighttime temperature was 20°C, and the relative air humidity was kept at 75%; the nutrient solution was added to the feeding control box 35 and sent to the melon through the first spray pipe 32 and the second spray pipe 31. The nutrient solution is applied to the seedlings, and the specific method is: from field planting to flowering, add nutrient solution to the feeding control box 35 every 4d, and the amount applied each time is 10kg/mu; from flowering to the fruit maturity stage, every 7d to the feeding control Add nutrient solution in box 35, and each application amount is 18kg/mu; From fruit ripening stage to before fruit picking, every 10d adds nutrient solution to feeding control box 35, and each application amount is 8kg/mu; Wherein, S3 The preparation method of the medium nutrient solution is as follows: 15 parts of honeysuckle, 7 parts of Achyranthes, 1.5 parts of Sophora flavescens, 3 parts of Sycamore leaves, 1.5 parts of Tripterygium wilfordii, 9 parts of Houttuynia cordata, 7 parts of Grinding and pulverizing 25 parts by weight of ethanol aqueous solution with a volume fraction of 75% and 65% in turn at a temperature of 75°C for 18 hours, and combining the two extracts to obtain the first extract; Add chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, chlorothalonil, honey, dipropamid, urea, plant ash, water, calcium superphosphate to the solution, mix and stir to obtain; wherein, the first extraction solution, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, The mass ratio of bacteria clear, honey, pyraclamid, urea, plant ash, water, and superphosphate is 1:0.3:1.5:3:0.3:15:12:4:13.

The germination in S1 includes soaking the melon seeds in a peracetic acid solution with a mass fraction of 3% for 1.5 hours, washing them, and then placing them in a seed soaking agent at a temperature of 35° C. for 9 hours; the seed soaking agent The preparation method includes: mixing and pulverizing 15 parts by weight of Achyranthes, 7 parts of Xuan papaya, 3 parts of bergamot, 1.5 parts of Magnolia officinalis, and 45 parts by weight of 60% ethanol aqueous solution in a volume fraction of 60%. The temperature is 75°C for extraction for 18h, and the extract is collected; the extract, ethephon, fulvic acid, vitamins, gibberellin, water, and water are mixed to obtain a seed soaking agent; wherein, the extract, ethephon, fulvic acid , the mass ratio of vitamins, gibberellins and water is 1:0.15:0.7:0.03:0.03:15.

In the first 20 days after planting in S3, the red and blue light illumination device was turned on from 16:00 to 19:00 every day, and the light intensity was 8000 lux; wherein, the wavelength of red light was 660 nm, and the wavelength of blue light was 455 nm.

The S3 also includes the first 5 days after the planting, 9 o'clock to 12 o'clock to shade with a shading net layer, 12 o'clock to 14 o'clock after 5 days to shade with a shading net, and 10 days to the 20 d after the colonization. shade.

In the S2, each connection between the first spray pipe 32 and the second spray pipe 31 is provided with an automatic control valve, and the feeding control box can control the opening or closing of the automatic control valve.

In described S3, also include enabling water and fertilizer irrigation device watering, watering once every 6d days from field planting to flowering, and opening the automatic control valve; watering once every 4d from flowering to fruit maturity period and opening the automatic control valve; the result is mature. During the period of picking, water every 8d, and close the automatic control valve at the same time.

In the S3, the automatic control valve is opened when the nutrient solution is applied from the field planting to the flowering; the automatic control valve is opened when the nutrient solution is applied from the flowering to the fruit ripening stage; the automatic control valve is closed from the fruit ripening stage to the fruit picking.

Example 3

As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, the present invention provides a kind of cultivation method of greenhouse muskmelon, comprising:

S1. Select melon seeds with full granules and soak them at 60°C for 2 hours, drain and germinate to obtain treated seeds; place the treated seeds on a nursery bed containing nutrient soil at a temperature of 30°C and raise seedlings for 35 days to obtain melons Seedlings; Described nutrient soil is mixed from bagasse, plant ash, decomposed organic fertilizer, and thiophanate-methyl in a ratio of 1:6:10:0.5;

S2. Select the sandy loam land that has not been planted with melons within 3 years as the melon field, and turn the soil with a soil depth of 30cm in the melon field, and then according to 2000kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 50kg/mu of compound fertilizer, and crushed cassava peels 100kg/mu, 200kg/mu of superphosphate, 500kg/mu of plant ash, mixed fertilizer obtained after 20d fermentation and applied in the soil; before planting, a greenhouse was built on the melon field, and the soil was prepared in the greenhouse to make ridges, and the ridges were covered with plastic film, The distance between two adjacent ridges is 1.5m, and planting pits are opened every 2m on the ridges;

The greenhouse includes: a scaffold, which includes a plurality of sets of vertical supports 11 arranged opposite to each other along the length direction of the ridge, and a beam frame 12 located between the two opposite vertical supports 11, and the two ends of the beam frame 12 are respectively Connected with the top of the vertical support 11; the canopy 2, which sequentially includes an insect-proof mesh layer, a sunshade mesh layer, and a thermal insulation layer from the inside to the outside, and the canopy 2 is covered on the scaffold; a water and fertilizer irrigation device; The red and blue light illumination device 4 is arranged on the beam frame 12;

Wherein, the water and fertilizer irrigation device includes: a second spray pipe 31, which is located between two ridges and arranged along the length of the ridge, and a side of the second spray pipe 31 close to the planting pit is provided with a plurality of groups of second spray holes 311 , each group of second spray holes 311 is arranged along the length direction of the second spray pipe 31; a plurality of first spray pipes 32, each first spray pipe 32 is vertically arranged and arranged in sequence along the length direction of the second spray pipe 31, each The bottoms of the first spray pipes 32 are all connected to the second spray pipes 31, and the outer surface of each first spray pipe 32 is provided with a plurality of first spray holes 321; The top of the spray pipe 32 is communicated and connected; the feeding control box 35 is arranged outside the canopy, and is communicated with the first feeding pipe 33 through the second feeding pipe 34;

S3, add water to the feeding control box 35, water through the first spray pipe 32 and the second spray pipe 31, water to make the soil moisture content 70%, then the melon seedlings are transplanted into the planting pit, and planting; During the planting period, the daytime temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 28°C, the nighttime temperature is 22°C, and the relative air humidity is kept at 80%; the nutrient solution is added to the feeding control box 35 and sent to the melon through the first spray pipe 32 and the second spray pipe 31. The nutrient solution is applied to the seedlings, and the specific method is: from field planting to flowering, add nutrient solution to the feeding control box 35 every 5d, and the amount applied each time is 12kg/mu; from flowering to the fruit maturity stage, every 8d to the feeding control Add nutrient solution in the box 35, and each application amount is 20kg/mu; From the fruit ripening stage to before fruit picking, every 12d adds nutrient solution to the feeding control box 35, and each application amount is 10kg/mu; Wherein, S3 The preparation method of the medium nutrient solution is: 20 parts by weight of honeysuckle, 10 parts of Achyranthes, 2 parts of Sophora flavescens, 5 parts of Sycamore leaves, 2 parts of Tripterygium wilfordii, 10 parts of Houttuynia cordata, 10 parts of Houttuynia cordata Grinding and pulverizing the sagebrush, extract with 30 parts by weight of 80% and 70% ethanol aqueous solutions at a temperature of 90 °C for 24 hours, and combine the two extracts to obtain the first extract; Add chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, chlorothalonil, honey, dipropamid, urea, plant ash, water, calcium superphosphate to the solution, mix and stir to obtain; wherein, the first extraction solution, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, The mass ratio of bacteria clear, honey, pyraclamid, urea, plant ash, water, and superphosphate is 1:0.5:2:5:0.5:20:15:50:15.

The germination in S1 includes soaking the melon seeds in a peracetic acid solution with a mass fraction of 5% for 2 hours, washing them, and then placing them in a seed soaking agent at a temperature of 40° C. for 12 hours; The preparation method includes: mixing and pulverizing 20 parts by weight of Achyranthes radix, 10 parts of Xuan Papaya, 5 parts of bergamot, and 2 parts of Magnolia officinalis, and using 60 parts by weight of 70% ethanol aqueous solution at temperature Extract at 90°C for 24h, and collect the extract; mix the extract, ethephon, fulvic acid, vitamins, gibberellin, water, and evenly to obtain a seed soaking agent; wherein, the extract, ethephon, fulvic acid, The mass ratio of vitamins, gibberellins and water is 1:0.2:1:0.05:0.05:20.

In the first 20 days after planting in S3, the red and blue light illumination device was turned on from 16:00 to 19:00 every day, and the light intensity was 10000 lux; wherein, the wavelength of red light was 680 nm, and the wavelength of blue light was 460 nm.

The S3 also includes the first 5 days after the planting, 9 o'clock to 12 o'clock to shade with a shading net layer, 12 o'clock to 14 o'clock after 5 days to shade with a shading net, and 10 days to the 20 d after the colonization. shade.

In the S2, each connection between the first spray pipe 32 and the second spray pipe 31 is provided with an automatic control valve, and the feeding control box can control the opening or closing of the automatic control valve.

In described S3, also include enabling water and fertilizer irrigation device watering, watering once every 8d days from field planting to flowering, and opening the automatic control valve; watering once every 5d from flowering to fruit maturity period and opening the automatic control valve; the result is mature. During the period of picking, water every 10d, and close the automatic control valve at the same time.

In the S3, the automatic control valve is opened when the nutrient solution is applied from the field planting to the flowering; the automatic control valve is opened when the nutrient solution is applied from the flowering to the fruit ripening stage; the automatic control valve is closed from the fruit ripening stage to the fruit picking.

Comparative Example 1

The present invention provides a kind of cultivation method of greenhouse melon, comprising:

S1. Select melon seeds with full granules and soak them at 40°C for 1 hour, drain and germinate to obtain treated seeds; place the treated seeds on a nursery bed containing nutrient soil at a temperature of 25°C and raise seedlings for 25 days to obtain melons Seedlings; Described nutrient soil is mixed from bagasse, plant ash, decomposed organic fertilizer, and thiophanate-methyl in a ratio of 1:2:5:0.1;

S2. Select the sandy loam land that has not been planted with melons within 3 years as the melon field, and turn the soil with a soil depth of 25cm in the melon field, and then according to 1500kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 40kg/mu of compound fertilizer, and crushed cassava peels 75kg/mu, 100kg/mu of superphosphate, 200kg/mu of plant ash, mixed fertilizer obtained after fermenting for 10d and applied in the soil; before planting, build a greenhouse on the melon field, prepare a ridge in the greenhouse, and cover the ridge with plastic film, The distance between two adjacent ridges is 1m, and planting pits are set up at intervals of 1m on the ridges; the greenhouse is an ordinary greenhouse and has no lighting device.

S3. Water according to the traditional method to make the soil moisture content 50%, and then transplant the melon seedlings into the planting pit for colonization; during the planting period, keep the temperature in the greenhouse at 22°C during the day and 18°C at night, and the air The relative humidity is kept at 70%; the nutrient solution is applied in the traditional way, the specific method is: from planting to flowering, add nutrient solution to the feeding control box every 3d, each application amount is 8kg/mu; from flowering to fruit maturity period , add nutrient solution to the feeding control box 35 every 6d, and the amount of each application is 15kg/mu; from the fruit maturity period to before the fruit is picked, add nutrient solution to the feeding control box every 8d, and the amount of each application is 5kg/mu. Wherein, the preparation method of the nutrient solution in S3 is: by weight parts be 10 parts of honeysuckle, 5 parts of Achyranthes, 1 part of Sophora flavescens, 1 part of sycamore leaf, 1 part of Tripterygium wilfordii, 8 parts of fishy fish The grass and 5 parts of Ashwagandha were ground and pulverized, and 20 parts by weight of 70% and 60% ethanol aqueous solutions were successively extracted at a temperature of 60° C. for 12 hours, and the two extracts were combined; Add chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, chlorothalonil, honey, dipropamid, urea, plant ash, water, and calcium superphosphate, mix and stir evenly; wherein, the first extract, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, chlorothalonil The mass ratio of , honey, bispropamid, urea, plant ash, water, and superphosphate is 1:0.1:1:1:0.1:10:10:30:10.

The germination in S1 includes soaking the melon seeds in a peracetic acid solution with a mass fraction of 2% for 1 hour, washing them, and then placing them in a seed soaking agent at a temperature of 30° C. for 6 hours; The preparation method includes: mixing and pulverizing 10 parts by weight of Achyranthes radix, 5 parts of Xuan papaya, 2 parts of bergamot, and 1 part of Magnolia officinalis, and using 30 parts by weight of 50% ethanol aqueous solution at temperature Extraction at 60°C for 12 h, and collect the extract; mix the extract, ethephon, fulvic acid, vitamins, gibberellin, water, and water to obtain a seed soaking agent; wherein, the extract, ethephon, fulvic acid, The mass ratio of vitamins, gibberellins and water is 1:0.1:0.5:0.01:0.01:10.

Comparative Example 2

According to the traditional common cultivation mode of the local farmers in Beihai, the water and fertilizer irrigation device in the greenhouse of the present invention is not used in the cultivation process, only the common watering method is used for watering and fertilization, and the nutrient solution of the present invention is not used in the process, and the rest are the same as The cultivation method in Example 1 was the same.

Test relevant data according to the cultivation method of above-mentioned embodiment 1～3, comparative example 1～2 as shown in table 1:

Table 1 Growth of melon

Example Yield per mu/t Incidence of pests and diseases (%) Example 1 4.03 4.56 Example 2 4.11 4.31 Example 3 4.19 4.28 Comparative Example 1 3.43 7.24 Comparative Example 2 3.12 12.6

As can be seen from Table 1, the yield per mu of Examples 1 to 3 is higher than that of Comparative Examples 1 to 2, and the incidence of pests and diseases in Examples 1 to 3 is lower than that of Examples 1 to 2, so the cultivation method of the greenhouse muskmelon of the present invention can greatly improve the Improve the yield and quality of melon; specifically, it can be seen from Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 that rational fertilization and watering through the three-layer structure of the greenhouse and the water and fertilizer irrigation device of the present invention can improve the melon yield and reduce pests and diseases. It can be seen from the ratio 2 that after adding the nutrient solution of the present invention, the yield of the muskmelon is increased and the pests and diseases are reduced, so the nutrient solution of the present invention has the effect of promoting the growth of the muskmelon and preventing the diseases and insects.

Although the embodiment of the present invention has been disclosed as above, it is not limited to the application listed in the description and the embodiment, and it can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it can be easily Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and the scope of equivalents.

Claims (5)

1. the cultivation method of a greenhouse muskmelon, is characterized in that, comprises: S1. Select melon seeds with full granules and soak them at a temperature of 40~60°C for 1~2h, drain and germinate to obtain treated seeds; place the treated seeds on a nursery bed containing nutrient soil at a temperature of 25~30°C ℃, nursery 25～35d obtains melon seedlings; Described nutrient soil is 1:2～6:5～10 by the ratio of bagasse, plant ash, decomposed organic fertilizer, thiophanate-methyl: 0.1 to 0.5 are mixed; wherein, the germination includes first soaking the melon seeds in a peracetic acid solution with a mass fraction of 2 to 5% for 1 to 2 hours, washing them, and then placing them in a seed soaking agent at a temperature of 30-40° C., soaking for 6-12 hours; the preparation method of the seed soaking agent comprises: 10-20 parts by weight of Achyranthes, 5-10 parts of Xuan Papaya, 2-5 parts of bergamot, 1-2 parts by weight The Magnolia officinalis was mixed and pulverized, extracted with 30-60 parts by weight of ethanol aqueous solution with a volume fraction of 50-70% at a temperature of 60-90 ° C for 12-24 h, and the extract was collected; Acid, vitamins, gibberellin, water, and mixing to obtain a seed soaking agent; wherein, the mass ratio of the extract, ethephon, fulvic acid, vitamins, gibberellin, and water is 1:0.1~0.2:0.5~ 1:0.01~0.05:0.01~0.05:10~20; S2. Select the sandy loam land that has not been planted with melons within 3 years as the melon field, and turn the soil with a soil depth of 25~30cm in the melon field, and then use 1500~2000kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure and 40~50kg/mu of compound fertilizer. , 75~100kg/mu of crushed cassava peel, 100~200kg/mu of superphosphate, 200~500kg/mu of plant ash, mixed fertilizer obtained after fermenting for 10~20d and applied in the soil; Build greenhouses on the ground, prepare ridges in the greenhouse, cover the ridges with plastic film, the distance between two adjacent ridges is 1~1.5m, and open planting pits on the ridges every 1~2m; The greenhouse includes: a scaffold, which includes a plurality of sets of vertical supports arranged opposite to each other along the length direction of the ridge, and a cross beam frame located between two opposite vertical supports, and two ends of the cross beam frame are respectively connected to the vertical frame. The top ends of the straight supports are connected; the shed cover, which sequentially includes an insect-proof net layer, a sunshade net layer, and a thermal insulation layer from the inside to the outside, the canopy cover is covered on the shelf; a water and fertilizer irrigation device; a red and blue light illumination device, which is provided with on the beam frame; Wherein, the water and fertilizer irrigation device includes: a second spray pipe, which is located between the two ridges and arranged along the length of the ridge, and a side of the second spray pipe close to the planting pit is provided with a plurality of groups of second spray holes, each group of The second spray holes are arranged along the length direction of the second spray pipes; a plurality of first spray pipes, each first spray pipe is vertically arranged and arranged in sequence along the length direction of the second spray pipes, and the bottom of each first spray pipe is the same as the bottom of the second spray pipe. The second spray pipes are connected in the same way, and the outer surface of each first spray pipe is provided with a plurality of first spray holes; the first feeding pipe is connected to the top of each first spray pipe; the feeding control box, which It is arranged outside the canopy, and communicated with the first feeding pipe through the second feeding pipe; the connection between each first spraying pipe and the second spraying pipe is provided with an automatic control valve, and the feeding control box can Control the opening or closing of automatic control valves; S3. Add water to the feeding control box, water through the first spray pipe and the second spray pipe, and then transplant the melon seedlings into the planting pit for planting; during planting, keep the temperature in the greenhouse at 26-35°C during the day and 26-35°C at night. The temperature is 18~22°C, and the relative air humidity is kept at 50~70%; the nutrient solution is added to the feeding control box and the nutrient solution is applied to the melon seedlings through the first spray pipe and the second spray pipe. The specific method is: from the field planting To flowering, add nutrient solution to the feeding control box every 3~5d, and the amount of each application is 8~12kg/mu; from flowering to fruit maturity, add nutrient solution to the feeding control box every 6~8d, each time The application amount is 15~20kg/mu; from the fruit maturity period to the fruit picking, add nutrient solution to the feeding control box every 8~12d, and the application amount is 5~10 kg/mu each time; among them, the nutrient solution in S3 The preparation method is as follows: the parts by weight are 10-20 parts of honeysuckle, 5-10 parts of Achyranthes, 1-2 parts of Sophora flavescens, 1-5 parts of sycamore leaves, 1-2 parts of Tripterygium wilfordii, 8-2 parts of Tripterygium 10 parts of Houttuynia cordata and 5 to 10 parts of Ashwagandha are ground and pulverized, and the volume fraction of 70 to 80% and 60 to 70% of an aqueous ethanol solution with a volume fraction of 20 to 30 parts by weight is successively used at a temperature of 60 to 90° C. Extract for 12-24h, combine the two extracts to obtain the first extract; add chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, chlorothalonil, honey, bispropamid, urea, plant ash, water, superphosphoric acid to the first extract Calcium is mixed and stirred evenly to obtain; wherein, the mass ratio of the first extract, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, chlorothalonil, honey, dipropamid, urea, plant ash, water, and superphosphate is 1:0.1~0.5 :1~2:1~5:0.1~0.5:10~20:10~15:30~50:10~15. 2. the cultivation method of greenhouse muskmelon as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in S3, the first 20d after field planting, every day 16 o'clock～19 o'clock turn on red and blue light illuminating device illumination, and the intensity of illumination is 5000～10000lux; Wherein, red light The wavelength is 650~680nm, and the blue light wavelength is 450~460nm. 3. the cultivation method of greenhouse muskmelon as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, in S3, also comprises before 5d after field planting, 9 o'clock～12 o'clock shade with shade net layer, 12 o'clock～14 o'clock use shade net after 5d Shade, shade with a shade net from 14 to 16 o'clock after 10 days to the time of planting to 20 days. 4. the cultivation method of greenhouse muskmelon as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, also comprises enabling water and fertilizer irrigation device watering in S3, from field planting to after flowering, water once in every 5～8d days, and open automatic control valve; From flowering to fruit maturity, water every 3~5d and open the automatic control valve; from the fruit maturity to picking, water every 6~10d, and close the automatic control valve at the same time. 5. the cultivation method of greenhouse muskmelon as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, in S3, open automatic control valve when applying nutrient solution from field planting to flowering; Open automatic control valve when applying nutrient solution from flowering to fruit ripening stage; The automatic control valve is closed from the ripening period to the fruit picking.

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