CN108432534B - Method for promoting early fruiting of Carya cathayensis - Google Patents
Method for promoting early fruiting of Carya cathayensis Download PDFInfo
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- CN108432534B CN108432534B CN201810218249.8A CN201810218249A CN108432534B CN 108432534 B CN108432534 B CN 108432534B CN 201810218249 A CN201810218249 A CN 201810218249A CN 108432534 B CN108432534 B CN 108432534B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for promoting early fruiting of pecans, which comprises the following steps: carrying out stratification and pregermination on the American hickory seeds; when the bud seedlings germinate to a plurality of new leaves, cutting roots of the bud seedlings, dipping the bud seedlings in rooting liquid, and transplanting the bud seedlings to a small root control device for rooting; when the nursery stock grows to the proper thickness, carrying out square grafting; when the scion bud is in the same year, the seedling is moved out of the small root controller for root pruning after leaf dropping, the seedling is dipped again in the rooting solution and then transplanted into the large root controller for culture, and the first spraying of the growth promoting solution, the first pinching, the second spraying of the growth promoting solution and the second pinching are sequentially carried out according to different growth periods of the scion bud; transplanting in the same year, pruning roots again after the leaves of the nursery stock fall, dipping the nursery stock in rooting liquid again, and planting the nursery stock in an orchard for field planting. By adopting two technologies of transplanting and cutting roots after field planting of the root control devices, the method can control the vigorous growth of the nursery stock, can rapidly improve the lateral root quality of the nursery stock, promotes the rapid formation of the American hickory tree shape, and can achieve the purpose of bearing fruits 2-3 years earlier than the conventional cultivation management.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of crop cultivation, in particular to a method for promoting early fruiting of American hickory.
Background
The American hickory nut is a famous top-grade oil material and rare dry fruit tree species in the world, is rich in nutrition, contains 89% of unsaturated fatty acid in fat, and is a top-grade brain-strengthening food.
The introduction of the American hickory in China began in the last 20 th century of the 19 th century, and seedlings for early introduction and cultivation are all seedlings. However, the pecans in the united states have a very long childhood, and generally, the bearing time of seedlings is about 12 years, and the bearing time of grafted seedlings is about 5 years. In recent years, due to the breakthrough of grafting technology, improved seedlings can be popularized and applied, the development is fast, the planting scale is continuously enlarged, the cultivation area of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Yunnan, Jiangxi, Shandong and other provinces is continuously enlarged, and the spontaneous operation enthusiasm of the masses is very high. Most importantly, due to the fact that the characteristics of the pecans in the United states are not known enough in the long-term introduction process of China and the fact that the operation concept of the east and the west is greatly different, a corresponding cultivation technical system is not formed in the long-term introduction process, so that a large-yield orchard does not exist basically in China at present, even if a fruit hanging garden exists, the yield is unstable, the quality is low, and the economic potential cannot be fully exerted.
Therefore, establishing a set of cultivation technology for early fruiting and high yield is a necessary way for realizing industrialization of the American hickory nut as early as possible in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a method for promoting early fruiting of the American hickory nut.
The method for promoting early bearing of the pecans comprises the following steps:
s1: and (4) carrying out stratification and pregermination on the American hickory seeds.
S2: when the bud seedlings germinate to a plurality of new leaves, the bud seedlings are cut into roots and dipped with rooting liquid, and then the bud seedlings are transplanted to a small root control device filled with a rooting matrix to take roots.
S3: and when the nursery stock grows to be proper in thickness, carrying out square bud grafting.
S4: and (3) when the grafted buds are in the same year, removing the seedlings from the small root control device after leaf dropping, pruning roots, dipping the seedlings in rooting liquid again, transplanting the seedlings into a large root control device filled with a rooting matrix for culture, and spraying the growth promoting liquid for the first time, pinching the seedlings for the first time, spraying the growth promoting liquid for the second time and pinching the seedlings for the second time according to different growth periods of the grafted buds.
S5: transplanting in the same year, pruning roots again after the leaves of the nursery stock fall, dipping the nursery stock in rooting liquid again, and planting the nursery stock in an orchard for field planting.
Wherein, step S3 includes: the number of the square scion buds is 2, the 2 scion buds are divided at two sides of the nursery stock, one scion bud is 15-25 cm away from a rooting substrate surface in the small root control device, and the other scion bud is 60-80 cm away from the rooting substrate surface in the small root control device.
Wherein, step S4 includes: when the scion sprouts to 10-15cm, spraying a growth promoting liquid for the first time, when the young tips of the scions after sprouting grow to 30-50cm, pinching to promote the growth of the first-stage lateral branches for the first time, when the first-stage lateral branches grow to 10-15cm, spraying the growth promoting liquid for the second time, and when the first-stage lateral branches grow to 30-50cm, pinching for the second time.
Wherein, the length of the two times of root pruning is 1/3 to 1/2 of the main root and the first-level lateral root.
Wherein the small-sized root controller has the specification of 18-25 cm in height and 13-15 cm in diameter, and the large-sized root controller has the specification of 35-40 cm in height and 28-35 cm in diameter.
Wherein, step S1 includes: soaking the collected pecan seeds in 500 times of sterilizing solution for 24 hours, and then mixing the pecan seeds with wet sand to store the pecan seeds in a shady and cool indoor place; mixing and storing for 2 months, taking out the seeds, placing the seeds in an electric heating hotbed of a germination accelerating matrix for accelerating germination, controlling the hotbed temperature to be between 22 and 25 ℃, and covering the seedbed with a small arched shed made of a plastic film for heat preservation.
Wherein the rooting solution is one or two of 1000-2000mg/L compound sodium nitrophenolate solution and sodium naphthaleneacetate solution; the growth promoting liquid is gibberellic acid solution with the concentration of 100-300 mg/kg.
Wherein, step S2 includes: the number of new germinated leaves is 3-5; step S3 includes: the thickness is preferably 0.6cm or more.
Wherein, step S5 includes: in the growing season, the soil humidity of the seedling root system area of the orchard is kept at 60%.
The germination accelerating substrate comprises 3 parts by mass of turfy soil, 5 parts by mass of perlite and 2 parts by mass of garden soil, the rooting substrate in the two root control devices comprises 5 parts by mass of turfy soil, 2 parts by mass of perlite, 2 parts by mass of garden soil and 1 part by mass of organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer comprises decomposed sheep manure containing 0.02-0.05% of paclobutrazol or uniconazole.
The invention discloses a method for planting carya illinoensis, which is a tree species with a particularly developed main root, and adopts two root control devices for field planting, transplanting and root cutting, so that vigorous growth of nursery stocks can be controlled, the lateral root quality of the nursery stocks can be rapidly improved, nutrient distribution of the carya illinoensis tree body is effectively balanced by grafting 2 buds at one time, and the tree type of the carya illinoensis is rapidly formed by using a growth promoting liquid and pinching in a key time period, so that the aim of fruit bearing 2-3 years ahead of conventional cultivation management can be achieved.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown in the present specification, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
Example 1 fruit set test of Wichia (Wichia) hickory nut
1 materials and methods
1.1 the material is 20 hickory seeds. After the seeds germinate in spring of 2012, 10 seeds germinate and are transplanted to a small-sized root control device, cultivation and management are carried out according to the method, victoria species scion grafting is adopted, and after two times of root control container cultivation (hereinafter referred to as the patent method), the seeds are planted in the ecological agriculture garden of the long mountains in the Shilei district of Zhenjiang city in Jiangsu province. The rest 10 seedlings are cultured in a field nursery, after the seedlings reach the grafting thickness, the victoria species scions are grafted, and then the seedlings are planted in the same land in winter in the current year after grafting (hereinafter referred to as a conventional method), and the post-planting management is the same as the method in the patent.
1.2 the test method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) american hickory seed stratification and germination acceleration
3, 15 days in 2012, soaking the collected pecan seeds in 500 times of carbendazim or azoxystrobin sterilizing liquid for 24 hours, and then mixing the soaked pecan seeds with wet sand in a shady and cool indoor place; after storing in sand for 2 months, the seeds are taken out and put in an electric heating hotbed for accelerating germination, the hotbed temperature is controlled at 22 ℃, and a small arched shed made of a plastic film is used for covering the seedbed for heat preservation.
The matrix proportion of the seed germination accelerating is 300g of turfy soil, 500g of perlite and 200g of garden soil.
(2) Transplanting and grafting of bud seedling
When the bud seedlings germinate to 3 new leaves, cutting the bud seedlings into roots, dipping the bud seedlings in rooting liquid, and transplanting the bud seedlings into a small root control device respectively; when the nursery stock grows to the thickness of more than 0.6cm, the victoria is adopted for square bud grafting.
The small-sized root controller is special for nursery stock, the side wall of the container is uneven, the raised part is provided with ventilation holes, and when the root system extends out of the ventilation holes, the root can be cut by air. The specification is 18cm, and the diameter is 13 cm.
The matrix proportion in the small-sized root control device is 800g of turfy soil, 400g of perlite, 400g of garden soil and 200g of organic fertilizer. The rooting liquid adopts 1000mg/L compound sodium nitrophenolate solution, the organic fertilizer is decomposed sheep manure, and the organic fertilizer contains 0.02 percent of paclobutrazol or uniconazole.
The square bud grafting method includes grafting buds on two sides of the seedling, with one of the buds being 15cm away from the substrate surface of the small root controller and the other bud being 60cm away from the substrate surface of the small root controller.
(3) Transplanting of grafted seedlings
After leaves fall in 10 months in 2012, variety seedlings in the small-sized root control device are dug out, the roots are trimmed, the seedlings are dipped with a rooting solution and then transplanted into a large-sized root control device for continuous culture, when the scion sprouts to 10cm in 2013 spring, 1-time growth promoting solution is sprayed, when the young tips of the scions after sprouting grow to 30cm, pinching is carried out to promote the growth of first-level lateral branches, when the first-level lateral branches grow to 10cm, 1-time growth promoting solution is sprayed, and when the first-level lateral branches grow to 30cm, pinching is continued. After the leaves fall in autumn in the same year, the improved variety grafted seedlings are continued to be subjected to root pruning, dipped with the rooting liquid again and planted in the orchard for field planting.
The large-scale root controller is selected to be the same type as the small-scale root controller, and the specification is that the height is 40cm and the diameter is 35 cm. The growth promoting liquid sprayed after each transplanting is gibberellic acid solution with the concentration of 100 mg/kg. The length of the root pruning is 1/2 of the main root and the grade 1 lateral root in each transplanting.
(4) Planting
The test pieces were cultivated in orchards at the test site until fruiting. Wherein, during the annual growing season, the drip irrigation mode is adopted to ensure that the soil humidity of the seedling root system area is kept at about 60 percent.
2. Results and analysis
2.1 from the beginning of bearing fruit year, randomly selecting 5 seedlings and contrast trees by the patent method for 3 years continuously to investigate the bearing fruit condition. Obviously, the fruit trees cultured by the method have early fruiting time and higher fruiting amount. (Table 1).
Table 1: the fruiting situation of the trees cultivated in the same orchard by the patent method is compared with that of the trees cultivated by the conventional method
Example 2 bearing test of pecans in the Boney (Pawnee)
1 materials and methods
1.1 the material is 20 hickory seeds. After the seeds germinate in spring of 2012, 10 germinated seeds are transplanted to a small-sized root control device, cultivation and management are carried out according to the method, the seeds are grafted by adopting the Boni variety scions, and the seeds are planted in a ten-mile Changshan ecological agricultural garden in a Dandri area of Zhenjiang city in Jiangsu province after being cultivated in a root control container twice (hereinafter referred to as the method). The remaining 10 seedlings are cultured in a field nursery garden, the Boni variety scions are grafted after the grafting coarseness is reached, and then the seedlings are planted in the same plot in winter in the current year after grafting (hereinafter referred to as a conventional method), and the post-planting management is the same as the method in the patent.
1.2 the test method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) american hickory seed stratification and germination acceleration
Soaking the collected Carya cathayensis seeds in 500 times of carbendazim or azoxystrobin sterilizing solution for 24h in 2009, 4 months and 15 days, and storing the seeds and wet sand in a shady and cool place indoors; after storing in sand for 2 months, the seeds are taken out and put in an electric heating hotbed for accelerating germination, the hotbed temperature is controlled at 25 ℃, and a small arched shed made of a plastic film is used for covering the seedbed for heat preservation.
The matrix proportion of the seed germination accelerating is 300g of turfy soil, 500g of perlite and 200g of garden soil.
(2) Transplanting and grafting of bud seedling
When the bud seedlings germinate to 5 new leaves, cutting roots of the bud seedlings, dipping the bud seedlings in rooting liquid, and transplanting the bud seedlings into a small root control device; when the nursery stock grows to the thickness of 0.6cm, square bud grafting is carried out by adopting the Boni scion.
The small-sized root controller is special for nursery stock, the side wall of the container is uneven, the raised part is provided with ventilation holes, and when the root system extends out of the ventilation holes, the root can be cut by air. The specification is 25cm, and the diameter is 15 cm.
The matrix proportion in the small-sized root control device is 800g of turfy soil, 400g of perlite, 400g of garden soil and 200g of organic fertilizer. The rooting liquid is a mixed solution of 2000mg/L compound sodium nitrophenolate and sodium naphthaleneacetate, the organic fertilizer is decomposed sheep manure and contains 0.05 percent of paclobutrazol or uniconazole.
The square bud grafting method comprises the step of grafting buds on two sides of a seedling, wherein the distance between one grafting bud and the substrate surface of the small-sized root control device is 25cm, and the distance between the other grafting bud and the substrate surface of the small-sized root control device is 80 cm.
(3) Transplanting of grafted seedlings
After leaves fall in 11 months in 2009, digging out the variety seedlings in the small-sized root control device, pruning roots, dipping in a rooting solution, transplanting into a large-sized root control device, continuously culturing, spraying 1-time growth promoting solution when the scion sprouts to 15cm in spring in 2010, pinching to promote the growth of first-level lateral branches when the young tips of the scions after sprouting grow to 50cm, spraying 1-time growth promoting solution when the first-level lateral branches grow to 15cm, and continuing pinching when the first-level lateral branches grow to 50 cm. After the leaves fall in autumn in the same year, the improved variety grafted seedlings are continued to be subjected to root pruning, dipped with the rooting liquid again and planted in the orchard for field planting.
The large-scale root control device is selected to be the same type as the small-scale root control device, and the specification is 35cm in height and 28cm in diameter. The growth promoting liquid sprayed after each transplanting is gibberellic acid solution with the concentration of 300 mg/kg. The length of the root pruning is 1/3 of the main root and the grade 1 lateral root in each transplanting.
(4) Planting
The test pieces were cultivated in orchards at the test site until fruiting. Wherein, during the annual growing season, the drip irrigation mode is adopted to ensure that the soil humidity of the seedling root system area is kept at about 60 percent.
2. Results and analysis
2.1 from the beginning of bearing fruit year, randomly sampling 5 fruit trees cultured by the patent method and control trees for 3 years continuously to investigate the bearing fruit condition. The fruit trees cultured by the method have early bearing time and higher fruit yield (Table 2).
Table 2: the fruit bearing condition of the fruit tree cultured by the patent method is compared with that of the control tree
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The method for promoting early bearing of the pecans is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: carrying out stratification and pregermination on the American hickory seeds;
s2: when the bud seedlings germinate to 3-5 new leaves, cutting roots of the bud seedlings, dipping the bud seedlings in rooting liquid, and transplanting the bud seedlings to a small root control device filled with a rooting matrix for rooting;
s3: when the nursery stock grows to be more than 0.6cm, carrying out square grafting, wherein the number of the square grafting is 2, 2 grafting is divided at two sides of the nursery stock, one grafting is 15-25 cm away from a rooting substrate surface in the small root control device, and the other grafting is 60-80 cm away from the rooting substrate surface in the small root control device;
s4: when the scion bud is in the same year, the seedling is moved out of the small root controller for root pruning after leaf dropping, the seedling is dipped again in the rooting solution and then transplanted into the large root controller filled with the rooting matrix for culture, and the first spraying of the growth promoting solution, the first pinching, the second spraying of the growth promoting solution and the second pinching are sequentially carried out according to different growth periods of the scion bud;
when the scion sprouts to 10-15cm, spraying a growth promoting liquid for the first time, when the young tips of the scions after sprouting grow to 30-50cm, pinching to promote the growth of first-stage lateral branches for the first time, when the first-stage lateral branches grow to 10-15cm, spraying the growth promoting liquid for the second time, and when the first-stage lateral branches grow to 30-50cm, pinching for the second time;
s5: transplanting in the same year, pruning roots again after the leaves of the nursery stock fall, dipping the nursery stock in rooting liquid again, and planting the nursery stock in an orchard for field planting;
wherein, the lengths of the two times of root pruning are 1/3 to 1/2 of the main root and the first-level lateral root; wherein the small-sized root controller has the specification of 18-25 cm in height and 13-15 cm in diameter, and the large-sized root controller has the specification of 35-40 cm in height and 28-35 cm in diameter.
2. The facilitating method of claim 1, wherein step S1 includes:
soaking the collected pecan seeds in 500 times of sterilizing solution for 24 hours, and then mixing the pecan seeds with wet sand to store the pecan seeds in a shady and cool indoor place; mixing and storing for 2 months, taking out the seeds, placing the seeds in an electric heating hotbed of a germination accelerating matrix for accelerating germination, controlling the hotbed temperature to be between 22 and 25 ℃, and covering the seedbed with a small arched shed made of a plastic film for heat preservation.
3. The facilitating method of claim 1,
the rooting solution is one or two of 1000-2000mg/L compound sodium nitrophenolate solution and sodium naphthylacetate solution; the growth promoting liquid is gibberellic acid solution with the concentration of 100-300 mg/kg.
4. The facilitating method of claim 1, wherein step S5 includes:
in the growing season, the soil humidity of the seedling root system area of the orchard is kept at 60%.
5. The facilitating method of claim 2,
the seed germination accelerating matrix comprises 3 parts by mass of turfy soil, 5 parts by mass of perlite and 2 parts by mass of garden soil, the rooting matrix in the two root control devices comprises 5 parts by mass of turfy soil, 2 parts by mass of perlite, 2 parts by mass of garden soil and 1 part by mass of organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer comprises decomposed sheep manure containing 0.02-0.05% of paclobutrazol or uniconazole.
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| CN110710410B (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2022-04-01 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Cultivation management and shaping method for apocarya |
| CN111955333B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-07-05 | 江苏水木农景股份有限公司 | Cultivation method of large container seedlings of carya illinoensis fruiting bodies |
| CN114027082B (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2023-05-23 | 浙江省耕地质量与肥料管理总站 | Container cultivation method of raspberry leaves |
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| CN101019492A (en) * | 2007-03-20 | 2007-08-22 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Hetero stock grafting process for pecan |
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