CN117461512A - Cultivation method of blueberries - Google Patents
Cultivation method of blueberries Download PDFInfo
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- CN117461512A CN117461512A CN202311769859.4A CN202311769859A CN117461512A CN 117461512 A CN117461512 A CN 117461512A CN 202311769859 A CN202311769859 A CN 202311769859A CN 117461512 A CN117461512 A CN 117461512A
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- 235000003095 Vaccinium corymbosum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 235000017537 Vaccinium myrtillus Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 235000021014 blueberries Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 240000000851 Vaccinium corymbosum Species 0.000 title claims abstract 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000077233 Vaccinium uliginosum Species 0.000 description 41
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000012511 Vaccinium Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000736767 Vaccinium Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000208421 Ericaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011720 Vaccinium uliginosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021028 berry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009402 cross-breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930003935 flavonoid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of blueberries, and belongs to the technical field of blueberry planting. The cultivation method of the blueberries comprises the following steps: step 1: preserving at low temperature; step 2: soaking; step 3: flushing; step 4: accelerating germination; step 5: sowing; step 6: planting and fertilizing. The invention can quickly obtain seedlings in the current year of blueberry fruit harvesting, the bred seedlings are placed in a greenhouse for heating and culturing, the seedlings can continue growing without dormancy in winter, strong seedlings can be bred to form flower buds in the 1 st year after seed harvesting, fruit bearing begins in the 2 nd year, and the method is earlier than the method in the prior art by 1 year, thereby accelerating the breeding process of new blueberry varieties and shortening the breeding period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cultivation method of blueberries, and belongs to the technical field of blueberry planting.
Background
Blueberry, school name: vaccinium uliginosumL it is called Vaccinium uliginosum, vaccinium of Ericaceae. Blueberry is rich in nutrition, not only in conventional nutrients, but also in flavonoids and polysaccharides, and is therefore also called "fruit queen" and "berry king".
Sexual cross breeding is one of the important breeding ways of blueberries. In the prior art, except for few varieties with low cold energy, the blueberry seeds are subjected to low-temperature sand accumulation and lamination treatment in winter in the current year, and the seeds can germinate normally after being sowed in spring in the second year. The blueberry seeds need a great deal of manpower and material resources for sand storage and preservation, the seedling period is long, and fruits can be harvested only in the 3 rd year after the seeds are harvested.
In view of this, there is a need to provide a cultivation method of blueberries to solve the shortcomings of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a blueberry cultivation method.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a cultivation method of blueberries comprises the following steps:
step 1: preserving at low temperature
Collecting fully mature blueberry fruits, removing pulp, drying the seeds in the shade, and storing at 4 ℃ to obtain the seeds after low-temperature storage;
step 2: soaking
Soaking the seeds stored in the step 1 at low temperature in a container filled with warm water, and then placing the container in a culture room to obtain the seeds soaked in water;
soaking the soaked seeds with hydrogen peroxide solution to obtain the soaked seeds;
step 3: flushing
Washing the seeds soaked in the hydrogen peroxide in the step 2 with distilled water to obtain washed seeds;
step 4: accelerating germination
Uniformly placing the seeds washed in the step 3 in a sterilization culture dish paved with wet sterilization filter paper, then placing the culture dish filled with the seeds in a germination accelerating box for shading culture, and keeping the filter paper wet until more than or equal to 90% of the seeds germinate;
step 5: sowing seeds
Sowing the seeds subjected to germination in the step 4 into a nutrition cup filled with a matrix, placing the nutrition cup into an arch shed in a greenhouse, keeping the humidity in the arch shed to be more than or equal to 90% before the seeds are unearthed, and keeping the humidity in the arch shed to be 55% -60% after the seeds are unearthed;
after 7-8 true leaves grow out of the seedling, transplanting the seedling into a nutrition pot, placing the transplanted seedling in a shed, and increasing the coverage of the small shed in winter;
step 6: planting and fertilizing
Transplanting and planting the nutrition cup seedlings with soil in the next 3 months; applying ammonium sulfate fertilizer for 3-6 months; performing core picking treatment when the lateral branches are longer than 30 cm; 6-7 months, thinning off plant and insect pest branches, dense branches and weak branches; and applying sulfuric acid type high-potassium compound fertilizer in 7-9 months.
The principle of the method for quick seedling and fruiting of blueberry hybrid seeds of the invention is as follows:
the step 1-step 5 of the invention can promote the quick seedling of blueberries; and step 6, the blueberries can be promoted to bloom and bear fruits in advance. The method comprises the following steps:
in the step 1 of the invention, when the water content of the seeds is less than or equal to 12 percent, the seeds are considered to be dried in the shade, and the water content is generally 10 to 12 percent.
In the step 3 of the invention, hydrogen peroxide treatment is conducted, so that germs on the surface of seeds can be killed, and the germination rate is improved.
In the step 5 of the invention, the coverage of the small arch shed is increased in winter, so that the environmental temperature can be increased, and the seedlings can continue to grow without dormancy.
In the step 6, the ammonium sulfate fertilizer is applied for 1 time per month for 3-6 months, so that the branching and the vegetative growth of seedlings can be promoted. When the lateral branches are longer than 30cm, the core picking treatment is carried out, so that the lateral branches can be rapidly formed. 6-7 months, thinning off plant and insect pest branches, dense branches and thin and weak branches at the bottom; the sulfuric acid type high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied for 7-9 months, so that the flower bud formation can be promoted.
In conclusion, the 6 steps can be adopted to quickly obtain the seedling in the current year of blueberry fruit harvesting, the bred seedling is placed in a greenhouse for cultivation, the seedling can continue to grow without dormancy in winter, strong seedlings can be cultivated to form flower buds in the 1 st year after seed harvesting, fruit bearing starts in the 2 nd year, the fruiting is earlier than that of the prior art, the breeding process of new blueberry varieties can be accelerated, and the breeding period is shortened.
The method for quickly seeding and fruiting the blueberry hybrid seeds has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can realize the seeding and seedling formation in the current year. The blueberry seeds in the prior art are subjected to low-temperature lamination treatment in winter in the current year, and the seeds can germinate normally after being sowed in spring in the second year. According to the invention, after the harvested seeds are subjected to low-temperature treatment, the seeds are subjected to treatments such as soaking and germination accelerating, so that the seeds grow into seedlings in the current year, the manpower and material resources required for sand storage and preservation of the seeds are saved, and the seedling raising period of blueberries is obviously shortened.
2. The invention has simple operation and high germination rate. The germination time of the blueberry seeds treated by the method is relatively consistent, the blueberry seeds begin to germinate out of the soil after being sowed for 6-7 days, the germination is tidy, the average germination rate can reach 90%, and the germination rate of some varieties can reach 98%.
3. The seedlings of the invention are formed quickly and have early fruiting.
4. The invention has low cost and easy operation, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be improved as follows.
Further, in step 1, the preservation time is 35d-40d.
The adoption of the method has the further beneficial effects that: by adopting the time, the effect of low-temperature preservation is better.
In the step 2, the temperature of the warm water is 50 ℃, and the soaking time is 10-12 hours; the temperature of the culture chamber was 25 ℃.
The adoption of the method has the further beneficial effects that: the parameters are adopted, so that the seed early-stage infiltration is facilitated.
In the step 2, the mass percentage of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 5-15%, and the soaking time is 6-8 min.
The adoption of the method has the further beneficial effects that: by adopting the parameters, the permeability of seeds is increased, moisture and oxygen are promoted to enter the embryo, the germination time is advanced, and the germination rate is improved.
Further, in step 3, the number of times of flushing is 3 to 5.
The adoption of the method has the further beneficial effects that: by adopting the parameters, the hydrogen peroxide and other solutions stuck on the seeds can be removed cleanly.
Further, in step 4, the temperature of the germination accelerating tank is 27 ℃.
The adoption of the method has the further beneficial effects that: the temperature is adopted, so that seed germination is facilitated.
In step 5, the matrix is a mixture of turfy soil, river sand, vermiculite and perlite according to a volume ratio of 10:3:2:2.
The adoption of the method has the further beneficial effects that: among the above matrixes, turfy soil and river sand can keep the high organic matter content of the cultivation matrix; vermiculite and perlite can keep loose structure and good ventilation of the matrix, maintain the particle structure of the matrix, and have good drainage performance. The matrix can comprehensively utilize the characteristics of different raw materials, is reasonably matched, contains abundant nutrient elements and various trace elements, and can effectively maintain the looseness and permeability of soil, so that the survival rate of seeds and the subsequent growth effect are improved.
Further, the grain size of the turfy soil is 10-30mm, the grain size of the river sand is less than 0.3cm, the grain size of the vermiculite is less than 3cm, and the grain size of the perlite is less than 3cm.
The adoption of the method has the further beneficial effects that: the technical effect of the obtained matrix is better by adopting the raw materials with the parameters.
In step 6, the total nitrogen content in the ammonium sulfate fertilizer is more than or equal to 21% by mass, and the fertilizing amount is 1.5 kg/mu-2.5 kg/mu, once a month.
The adoption of the method has the further beneficial effects that: by adopting the parameters, the growth requirement of the blueberries can be met.
The ammonium sulfate fertilizer can be purchased commercially, for example, from Yueyang Changchu industry and trade company.
In step 6, the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the sulfuric acid type high-potassium compound fertilizer are 16%, 8% and 22%, respectively, and the fertilizing amount is 1.5 kg/mu-2.5 kg/mu, once a month.
The adoption of the method has the further beneficial effects that: by adopting the parameters, the growth requirement of the blueberries can be met.
The high-sulfuric acid type high-potassium compound fertilizer can be purchased commercially, for example, can be purchased from Amiba Nanjing biotechnology Co.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of the present invention are described below in connection with specific embodiments, examples of which are provided for illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The cultivation method of the blueberries comprises the following steps:
step 1: preserving at low temperature
Collecting fully mature blueberry fruits, removing pulp, drying the seeds in the shade, and storing at 4 ℃ for 35d to obtain the seeds after low-temperature storage.
Step 2: soaking
Soaking the seeds stored in the step 1 at low temperature in a container with warm water at 50 ℃ for 10-12 h, and then placing the container in a culture chamber at 25 ℃ to obtain the seeds soaked in water;
soaking the soaked seeds in hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass percentage of 5% for 6min to obtain the soaked seeds.
Step 3: flushing
And (3) washing the seeds soaked in the hydrogen peroxide in the step (2) with distilled water for 3 times to obtain washed seeds.
Step 4: accelerating germination
And (3) uniformly placing the seeds washed in the step (3) in a sterilization culture dish paved with wet sterilization filter paper, and then placing the culture dish filled with the seeds in a germination accelerating box at the temperature of 27 ℃ for shading culture, and keeping the filter paper wet until the number of the seeds is equal to or more than 90 percent.
Step 5: sowing seeds
Sowing the seeds subjected to germination accelerating in the step 4 into a nutrition cup filled with a matrix, wherein the matrix is a mixture of turfy soil, river sand, vermiculite and perlite according to a volume ratio of 10:3:2:2, the grain size of the turfy soil is 10-30mm, the grain size of the river sand is less than 0.3cm, the grain size of the vermiculite is less than 3cm, and the grain size of the perlite is less than 3cm.
The nutrition cup is placed in an arch shed in a greenhouse, the humidity in the arch shed is kept to be more than or equal to 90% before the seeds are unearthed, and the humidity in the arch shed is kept to be 55% -60% after the seeds are unearthed.
And (3) after 7-8 true leaves grow out of the seedling, transplanting the seedling into a nutrition pot, placing the transplanted seedling in a greenhouse, and increasing the coverage of the small greenhouse in winter.
Step 6: planting and fertilizing
Transplanting and planting the nutrition cup seedlings with soil in the next 3 months; applying ammonium sulfate fertilizer for 1 time each month for 3-6 months; in the ammonium sulfate fertilizer, the mass percent of total nitrogen is more than or equal to 21%, and the fertilizing amount is 1.5 kg/mu, once a month. Performing core picking treatment when the lateral branches are longer than 30 cm; 6-7 months, thinning off plant and insect pest branches, dense branches and weak branches; applying sulfuric acid type high-potassium compound fertilizer in 7-9 months; in the sulfuric acid type high-potassium compound fertilizer, the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are respectively 16%, 8% and 22%, and the fertilizing amount is 1.5 kg/mu, once a month.
Example 2
The cultivation method of the blueberries comprises the following steps:
step 1: preserving at low temperature
Collecting fully mature blueberry fruits, removing pulp, drying the seeds in the shade, and storing at 4 ℃ for 38d to obtain the seeds after low-temperature storage.
Step 2: soaking
Soaking the seeds stored in the step 1 at low temperature in a container with warm water at 50 ℃ for 11 hours, and then placing the container in a culture chamber at 25 ℃ to obtain the seeds soaked in water;
soaking the soaked seeds in hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass percent of 10 percent for 7 minutes to obtain the soaked seeds.
Step 3: flushing
And (3) washing the seeds soaked in the hydrogen peroxide obtained in the step (2) with distilled water for 3-5 times to obtain washed seeds.
Step 4: accelerating germination
And (3) uniformly placing the seeds washed in the step (3) in a sterilization culture dish paved with wet sterilization filter paper, and then placing the culture dish filled with the seeds in a germination accelerating box at the temperature of 27 ℃ for shading culture, and keeping the filter paper wet until the number of the seeds is equal to or more than 90 percent.
Step 5: sowing seeds
Sowing the seeds subjected to germination accelerating in the step 4 into a nutrition cup filled with a matrix, wherein the matrix is a mixture of turfy soil, river sand, vermiculite and perlite according to a volume ratio of 10:3:2:2, the grain size of the turfy soil is 10-30mm, the grain size of the river sand is less than 0.3cm, the grain size of the vermiculite is less than 3cm, and the grain size of the perlite is less than 3cm.
The nutrition cup is placed in an arch shed in a greenhouse, the humidity in the arch shed is kept to be more than or equal to 90% before the seeds are unearthed, and the humidity in the arch shed is kept to be 55% -60% after the seeds are unearthed.
And (3) after 7-8 true leaves grow out of the seedling, transplanting the seedling into a nutrition pot, placing the transplanted seedling in a greenhouse, and increasing the coverage of the small greenhouse in winter.
Step 6: planting and fertilizing
Transplanting and planting the nutrition cup seedlings with soil in the next 3 months; applying ammonium sulfate fertilizer for 1 time each month for 3-6 months; in the ammonium sulfate fertilizer, the mass percent of total nitrogen is more than or equal to 21%, and the fertilizing amount is 2.0 kg/mu, once a month. Performing core picking treatment when the lateral branches are longer than 30 cm; 6-7 months, thinning off plant and insect pest branches, dense branches and weak branches; applying sulfuric acid type high-potassium compound fertilizer in 7-9 months; in the sulfuric acid type high-potassium compound fertilizer, the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are respectively 16%, 8% and 22%, and the fertilizing amount is 2.0 kg/mu, once a month.
Example 3
The cultivation method of the blueberries comprises the following steps:
step 1: preserving at low temperature
Collecting fully mature blueberry fruits, removing pulp, drying the seeds in the shade, and storing at 4 ℃ for 40d to obtain the seeds after low-temperature storage.
Step 2: soaking
Soaking the seeds stored in the step 1 at low temperature in a container with warm water at 50 ℃ for 12 hours, and then placing the container in a culture chamber at 25 ℃ to obtain the seeds soaked in water;
soaking the soaked seeds in hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass percentage of 15 percent for 8 minutes to obtain the soaked seeds.
Step 3: flushing
And (3) washing the seeds soaked in the hydrogen peroxide obtained in the step (2) with distilled water for 3-5 times to obtain washed seeds.
Step 4: accelerating germination
And (3) uniformly placing the seeds washed in the step (3) in a sterilization culture dish paved with wet sterilization filter paper, and then placing the culture dish filled with the seeds in a germination accelerating box at the temperature of 27 ℃ for shading culture, and keeping the filter paper wet until the number of the seeds is equal to or more than 90 percent.
Step 5: sowing seeds
Sowing the seeds subjected to germination accelerating in the step 4 into a nutrition cup filled with a matrix, wherein the matrix is a mixture of turfy soil, river sand, vermiculite and perlite according to a volume ratio of 10:3:2:2, the grain size of the turfy soil is 10-30mm, the grain size of the river sand is less than 0.3cm, the grain size of the vermiculite is less than 3cm, and the grain size of the perlite is less than 3cm.
The nutrition cup is placed in an arch shed in a greenhouse, the humidity in the arch shed is kept to be more than or equal to 90% before the seeds are unearthed, and the humidity in the arch shed is kept to be 55% -60% after the seeds are unearthed.
And (3) after 7-8 true leaves grow out of the seedling, transplanting the seedling into a nutrition pot, placing the transplanted seedling in a greenhouse, and increasing the coverage of the small greenhouse in winter.
Step 6: planting and fertilizing
Transplanting and planting the nutrition cup seedlings with soil in the next 3 months; applying ammonium sulfate fertilizer for 1 time each month for 3-6 months; in the ammonium sulfate fertilizer, the mass percent of total nitrogen is more than or equal to 21%, and the fertilizing amount is 2.5 kg/mu, once a month. Performing core picking treatment when the lateral branches are longer than 30 cm; 6-7 months, thinning off plant and insect pest branches, dense branches and weak branches; applying sulfuric acid type high-potassium compound fertilizer in 7-9 months; in the sulfuric acid type high-potassium compound fertilizer, the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are 16%, 8% and 22%, respectively, and the fertilizing amount is 2.5 kg/mu, once a month.
Experimental example 1
The method of the embodiment 2 of the invention is adopted to compare the first fruiting time of blueberries with the method of the prior art. The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 time comparison of first results of different methods of treatment of hybrid blueberries
It follows that the first results were obtained for 3 years using the prior art method. By adopting the method of the embodiment 2 of the invention, the first fruiting time is only 2 years, which is shortened by 1 year compared with the first fruiting time of the method in the prior art, the blueberry breeding process is shortened, and the blueberry breeding efficiency is improved.
Experimental example 2
The method of the embodiment 1-3 of the invention is adopted to compare the survival rate of blueberries with the method of the prior art. The results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 comparison of survival rates of hybrid blueberries treated by different methods
From this, the method of example 1 to example 3 of the present invention was used to increase the survival rate by 11% -12%.
Experimental example 3
The method of the embodiment 1-3 of the invention is adopted to compare the average result quantity of the single blueberry plant with the method of the prior art. The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 average results of treatment of hybrid blueberry individuals by different methods (unit: kg/strain)
It can be seen that with the methods of examples 1-3 of the present invention there is a yield in the second year, whereas the yield in the second year of the prior art is zero. The plant yield of the 3 rd year and the 4 th year also exceeds the prior art, and the plant yield of the 5 th year also exceeds or approaches the prior art.
In conclusion, the method can quickly obtain seedlings in the current year of blueberry fruit harvesting, the bred seedlings are placed in a greenhouse for cultivation, the seedlings can continue to grow without dormancy in winter, strong seedlings can be cultivated to form flower buds in the 1 st year after seed harvesting, fruits are grown in the 2 nd year, the fruiting is started 1 year earlier than that of the method in the prior art, the breeding process of new blueberry varieties can be accelerated, and the breeding period is shortened.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The cultivation method of the blueberries is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: preserving at low temperature
Collecting fully mature blueberry fruits, removing pulp, drying the seeds in the shade, and storing at 4 ℃ to obtain the seeds after low-temperature storage;
step 2: soaking
Soaking the seeds stored in the step 1 at low temperature in a container filled with warm water, and then placing the container in a culture room to obtain the seeds soaked in water;
soaking the soaked seeds with hydrogen peroxide solution to obtain the soaked seeds;
step 3: flushing
Washing the seeds soaked in the hydrogen peroxide in the step 2 with distilled water to obtain washed seeds;
step 4: accelerating germination
Uniformly placing the seeds washed in the step 3 in a sterilization culture dish paved with wet sterilization filter paper, then placing the culture dish filled with the seeds in a germination accelerating box for shading culture, and keeping the filter paper wet until more than or equal to 90% of the seeds germinate;
step 5: sowing seeds
Sowing the seeds subjected to germination in the step 4 into a nutrition cup filled with a matrix, placing the nutrition cup into an arch shed in a greenhouse, keeping the humidity in the arch shed to be more than or equal to 90% before the seeds are unearthed, and keeping the humidity in the arch shed to be 55% -60% after the seeds are unearthed;
after 7-8 true leaves grow out of the seedling, transplanting the seedling into a nutrition pot, placing the transplanted seedling in a shed, and increasing the coverage of the small shed in winter;
step 6: planting and fertilizing
Transplanting and planting the nutrition cup seedlings with soil in the next 3 months; applying ammonium sulfate fertilizer for 1 time each month for 3-6 months; performing core picking treatment when the lateral branches are longer than 30 cm; 6-7 months, thinning off plant and insect pest branches, dense branches and weak branches; and applying sulfuric acid type high-potassium compound fertilizer in 7-9 months.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the preservation time is 35d-40d.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the temperature of the warm water is 50 ℃, and the soaking time is 10-12 hours; the temperature of the culture chamber was 25 ℃.
4. The method for cultivating blueberries according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the mass percentage of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 5% -15%, and the soaking time is 6-8 min.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the number of times of washing is 3 to 5.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the temperature of the germination accelerating tank is 27 ℃.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the substrate is a mixture of turfy soil, river sand, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 10:3:2:2.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the turfy soil has a particle diameter of 10-30mm, the river sand has a particle diameter of <0.3cm, the vermiculite has a particle diameter of <3cm, and the perlite has a particle diameter of <3cm.
9. The method for cultivating blueberries according to claim 1, wherein in step 6, the mass percentage of total nitrogen in the ammonium sulfate fertilizer is not less than 21%, and the fertilizing amount is 1.5 kg/mu-2.5 kg/mu, once a month.
10. The method for cultivating blueberries according to claim 1, wherein in step 6, the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the sulfuric acid type high-potassium compound fertilizer are 16%, 8% and 22%, respectively, and the fertilizing amount is 1.5 kg/mu-2.5 kg/mu, once a month.
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| CN118177005A (en) * | 2024-05-15 | 2024-06-14 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Method for updating and rejuvenating weak blueberry trees |
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