CN106961992B - Sowing and seedling raising method for cassava seed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for sowing and raising seedlings of cassava seeds, comprising the following steps: (1) seed treatment, soaking the cassava seeds in warm soup; (2) sowing, sowing the cassava seeds into a plug tray, covering a sand layer, and pouring water ; (3) Plug tray management, the plug tray is placed in an environment of 24°C to 34°C, the humidity is 60% to 70%, and the light time is 6-8 hours; (4) The seedling transfer medium is prepared, using garden soil: fine Sand: The fermented sugarcane filter mud is mixed at a ratio of 2-3:1:1 to obtain a seedling raising medium; (5) seedling transplanting, (6) shading period management, (7) field transplanting. The method adopts suitable temperature to soak the cassava seeds in warm soup, adjusts the seedling medium at the same time, strictly regulates the environmental conditions such as the seedling temperature, improves the germination rate of the seeds, ensures the normal development of the seeds, improves the efficiency of hybrid breeding of the cassava, and ensures the research on the cassava characters. correctness.

Description

A kind of cassava seed sowing and seedling raising method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a method for cassava sowing and seedling raising.

Background technique

Cassava is an important root crop in southern my country, and Guangxi is one of the main cassava producing areas in my country. Hybrid breeding is one of the important means of cassava breeding. Cassava hybrids preserve the diversity of cassava genes, which are beneficial to planting and processing. However, the climate in most parts of my country cannot fully meet the light and temperature conditions required for seed development, resulting in a small number of seeds and poor quality, resulting in a low germination rate or failure to germinate.

According to reports by Wei Benhui and others, the germination rate of untreated cassava seeds is 0%, and the average germination rate of seeds treated with special treatment is about 30%; according to Li Maozhi, the germination rate of cassava hybrids is 31.3%. The difficulty of obtaining seeds and the low germination rate have caused the lag of cassava breeding in my country and affected the development of cassava scientific research.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of cassava seed sowing method. The method adopts suitable temperature to soak the cassava seeds in warm soup, adjusts the seedling medium at the same time, strictly regulates the environmental conditions such as the seedling temperature, improves the germination rate of the seeds, ensures the normal development of the seeds, improves the efficiency of hybrid breeding of the cassava, and ensures the research on the cassava characters. correctness.

A method for sowing and raising seedlings of cassava seeds, comprising the following steps:

(1) Seed treatment: first soak the cassava seeds in warm soup, soak them in constant temperature water at 30-35°C for 8-10 hours, pick them up, and prepare for sowing.

(2) Sowing, sow the treated cassava seeds into the plug trays, one seed per hole, cover the sand layer with a thickness of 2-3 cm, and water it thoroughly.

(3) Plug tray management, place the seeded plug tray in an environment of 24°C to 34°C, control the ambient humidity to 60% to 70%, ensure that the light time is 6-8 hours, and the principle of watering during the seed germination period is as follows: Dried thoroughly.

(4) Preparation of seedling transfer medium, using garden soil: fine sand: fermented sugarcane filter mud in a ratio of 2-3:1:1 to obtain a seedling-raising medium and put it into a seedling-raising bag.

(5) Transplanting seedlings, cassava seeds begin to germinate in 2-3 days, 7-15 days later, the cassava seedlings grow to more than 5cm, and the true leaves are all unfolded, and the seedlings can be transplanted. The transplanting time is selected in rainy weather or in the evening. The cassava seedlings in the plate are transplanted into the seedling bag, watered well, and pay attention to shade.

(6) Shading period management, cassava seedlings are watered every day during the shading period, and after 3-5 days, the shade can be removed to refine the seedlings.

(7) Transplant in the field, when the cassava seedlings grow to 20-25cm, they can be transplanted into the field.

The method for soaking cassava seeds in warm soup can not only play the role of traditional seed flotation, but also has the effect of disinfection and sterilization to a certain extent, and is beneficial to shorten the germination time, improve the germination rate of subsequent seeds, and improve the overall breeding efficiency. . Soak the cassava seeds in 31°C constant temperature water for 10 hours to soak the seeds in warm soup. This temperature has an obvious effect on the recovery of cassava seeds, the germination time is short, and the damage of bacteria is reduced.

As a preferred technical solution, cassava seeds are selected from the plump and vigorous seeds harvested in the same year.

As a preferred technical solution, after 15 days of hardening in the step (7), the length of more than 80% of the cassava seedlings reaches 20-25 cm and can be transplanted in the field.

As a preferred technical solution, the seedling raising medium of the present invention is mixed evenly by garden soil: fine sand: fermented sugarcane filter mud in a ratio of 3:1:1. The seedling raising medium prepared in such a proportion has high fertility, satisfies the vegetative growth of cassava seedlings, and promotes the growth and sturdiness of the seedlings; Fertilizing acid is rich in nutrients, cheap, and promotes the growth of rhizomes of cassava seedlings, adjusts fine sand, increases the air permeability of the medium, and avoids the phenomenon of hardening.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

1. The present invention adopts low temperature for soaking seeds in warm soup, one is that it can promote the recovery of cassava seeds, has the effect of disinfection and sterilization to a certain extent, and shortens the germination time; germ effects. The present invention mainly uses the plump seeds harvested in the current year, and the seeds have not entered a long-term dormancy period, and the warm soup at 30-35° C. is better for the cassava seeds.

2. The present invention adopts garden soil: fine sand: the fermented sugarcane filter mud is prepared into a seedling raising medium through a scientific and reasonable ratio, which not only ensures the fertility of the soil, satisfies the growth and development of the cassava seedlings, accelerates the growth rate, and adjusts the fine sand at the same time. , more permeable and breathable, strengthen the respiration of the root system of cassava seedlings, making the cassava seedlings more robust.

Detailed ways

The present invention is further described below through specific examples, so as to make the advantages and characteristics of the present invention easier to understand. It should be understood that the following examples are only preferred solutions of the present invention, rather than limitations of the present invention.

Example 1

A method for sowing and raising seedlings of cassava seeds, comprising the following steps:

(1) Seed treatment. In mid-September, with Huanan No. 5 cassava as the female parent, the pollen of Huanan No. 205 cassava was used for artificial pollination, and the hybrid seeds were harvested at the end of December of that year. Breeding was carried out in April of the following year, and 100 mature and plump hybrid seeds were taken, soaked in constant temperature water at 31°C for 10 hours, soaked in warm soup, picked up and ready for sowing.

(2) Sowing, sow the treated cassava seeds one by one in the plug tray, the plug tray is 55 holes, filled with pure fine sand, one grain is one hole, the thickness of the sand layer is 2-3 cm, and all are sown. Water afterward.

(3) Plug tray management, put the plug tray into an artificial climate incubator for cultivation, the temperature is set to a constant temperature of 24°C, the humidity is set to 60%, and the light is set to 8 hours of light. The principle of watering during the period is to dry thoroughly.

(4) Preparation of seedling transfer medium, using garden soil: fine sand: fermented sugarcane filter mud in a ratio of 3:1:1 to obtain a seedling-raising medium and put it into a seedling-raising bag.

(5) Transplanting seedlings, the cassava seeds begin to germinate in 2-3 days, and after 15 days, the cassava seedlings grow to more than 5cm, and the true leaves are all unfolded, and the seedlings can be transplanted. Transplant the seedlings into seedling bags, water well, and pay attention to shade.

(6) Management during the shading period, the transplanted cassava seedlings were placed in the shade shed, watered every day during the period, and after 3 days, the shading was removed and the seedlings were hardened.

(7) Transplant in the field. After 15 days of hardening, more than 80% of the cassava seedlings have a length of more than 20cm. They can be transplanted to the field with soil in cloudy and rainy days, and watered every day within the first three days.

By adopting the method of the invention, 95 cassava seeds were germinated and grown in the climate incubator, 93 cassava seeds were transplanted into the shade shed, and 91 survived after being transplanted into the field, and the survival rate was 91.0%.

Example 2

A method for sowing and raising seedlings of cassava seeds, comprising the following steps:

(1) Seed treatment. The mature fruit of the natural hybrid Huanan 5 was harvested at the end of December. Breeding was carried out in March of the following year, and 100 mature and plump hybrid seeds were taken, soaked in constant temperature water at 31°C for 10 hours, soaked in warm soup, picked up and ready for sowing.

(2) Sowing, sow the treated cassava seeds one by one in the plug tray, the plug tray is 55 holes, filled with pure fine sand, one grain is one hole, the thickness of the sand layer is 2-3 cm, and all are sown. Water afterward.

(3) Plug tray management, put the plug tray into an artificial climate incubator for cultivation, the temperature is set to a constant temperature of 33°C, the humidity is set to 60%, and the light is set to 8 hours of light. The principle of watering during the period is to dry thoroughly.

(4) Preparation of seedling transfer medium, using garden soil: fine sand: fermented sugarcane filter mud in a ratio of 3:1:1 to obtain a seedling-raising medium and put it into a seedling-raising bag.

(5) Transplanting seedlings, cassava seeds begin to sprout in 2-3 days, and after 10 days, the cassava seedlings grow to more than 5cm, and the true leaves are all unfolded, and the seedlings can be transplanted. To the nursery bag, water well, and pay attention to shade.

(6) Management during the shading period, the transplanted cassava seedlings were placed in the shade shed, watered every day during the period, and after 3 days, the shading was removed and the seedlings were hardened.

(7) Transplant in the field. After 15 days of hardening, more than 80% of the cassava seedlings reach 25cm in length. They can be transplanted to the field with soil on cloudy and rainy days, and watered every day within three days of the transplant.

By adopting the method of the invention, 94 cassava seeds sprout and grow in the climate incubator, 93 cassava seeds are transplanted into the shade canopy, and 92 survive after being transplanted into the field, and the survival rate is 92.0%.

Example 3

A method for sowing and raising seedlings of cassava seeds, comprising the following steps:

(1) Seed treatment. In mid-September, Huanan No. 5 cassava was used as the female parent, and the pollen of Huanan No. 205 cassava was used for artificial pollination. At the end of December of that year, artificial hybrid seeds and Huanan No. 5 natural hybrid cassava seeds were harvested. Breeding was carried out in March of the following year. 100 mature and full artificial hybrid seeds and 100 natural hybrid seeds were taken, and labels were set. Group A was artificial hybrid seeds, and group B was natural hybrid seeds. Soak the seeds in warm soup for 10 hours in 31°C constant temperature water, pick them up, and prepare for sowing.

(2) Sowing, the cassava seeds of group A and group B were sown one by one in the plug tray, the plug tray was 55 holes, filled with pure fine sand, one grain per hole, and the thickness of the sand layer was 2-3 cm. Water thoroughly after planting.

(3) Plug tray management, put the plug tray into an artificial climate incubator for cultivation, the temperature is set to a constant temperature of 30°C, the humidity is set to 60%, and the light is set to 8 hours of light. The principle of watering during the period is to dry thoroughly.

(4) Preparation of seedling transfer medium, using garden soil: fine sand: fermented sugarcane filter mud in a ratio of 3:1:1 to obtain a seedling-raising medium and put it into a seedling-raising bag.

(5) Transplanting seedlings, cassava seeds begin to sprout in 2-3 days, and after 15 days, the cassava seedlings grow to more than 5cm, and the true leaves are all unfolded, and the seedlings can be transplanted. The cassava seedlings are transplanted into seedling bags, watered well, and pay attention to shade.

(6) Management during the shading period, the transplanted cassava seedlings were placed in the shade shed, watered every day during the period, and after 3 days, the shading was removed and the seedlings were hardened.

(7) Transplant in the field. After 15 days of hardening, more than 80% of the cassava seedlings reach 25cm in length. They can be transplanted to the field with soil on cloudy and rainy days, and watered every day within three days of the transplant.

By adopting the method of the present invention, the cassava seeds of group B (natural hybridization of Huanan No. 5) were germinated in a climate incubator to grow 100 cassava seeds, 99 cassava seeds were transplanted into the shade shed, and 98 survived after being transplanted into the field, and the survival rate was 98.0%.

The cassava seeds of group A (artificial hybridization) germinated in the climate incubator and grew 100 trees, 100 trees survived when transplanted to the shade shed, and 99 trees survived after transplanting to the field, with a survival rate of 99.0%.

Example 4

A method for sowing and raising seedlings of cassava seeds, comprising the following steps:

(1) Seed treatment. The mature fruit of the natural hybrid Huanan 5 was harvested at the end of December. Breeding was carried out in February of the following year, and 100 mature and plump hybrid seeds were taken, soaked in 30°C constant temperature water for 9 hours, soaked in warm soup, picked up, and ready for sowing.

(2) Sowing, sow the treated cassava seeds one by one in the plug tray, the plug tray is 55 holes, filled with pure fine sand, one grain is one hole, the thickness of the sand layer is 2-3 cm, and all are sown. Water afterward.

(3) Plug tray management, put the plug tray into an artificial climate incubator for cultivation, the temperature is set to a constant temperature of 34°C, the humidity is set to 70%, and the light is set to 6 hours of light. The principle of watering during the period is to dry thoroughly.

(4) To prepare the seedling transfer medium, use garden soil: fine sand: fermented sugarcane filter mud in a ratio of 2:1:1 to obtain a seedling-raising medium and put it into a seedling-raising bag.

(5) Transplanting seedlings, cassava seeds begin to germinate in 2-3 days, and after 10 days, the cassava seedlings grow to more than 5cm, and the true leaves are all unfolded, and the seedlings can be transplanted. The transplanting time is selected in rainy weather or in the evening. The cassava seedlings are transplanted into seedling bags, watered well, and pay attention to shade.

(6) Management during the shading period, the transplanted cassava seedlings are placed in the shade shed, watered every day during the period, and after 5 days, the shading is removed and the seedlings are refined.

(7) Transplanting in the field. After 15 days of hardening, more than 80% of the cassava seedlings reach 20cm in length. They can be transplanted to the field with soil in cloudy and rainy days, and they can be watered every day within the first three days of transplanting.

By adopting the method of the invention, 90 cassava seeds were germinated and grown in the climate incubator, 90 cassava seeds were transplanted into the shade shed, and 88 survived after being transplanted into the field, with a survival rate of 88.0%.

Example 5

A method for sowing and raising seedlings of cassava seeds, comprising the following steps:

(1) Seed treatment. The mature fruit of the natural hybrid Huanan 5 was harvested at the end of December. Breeding was carried out in April of the following year, and 100 mature and plump hybrid seeds were taken, soaked in 35°C constant temperature water for 8 hours, soaked in warm soup, picked up and ready for sowing.

(2) Sowing, sow the treated cassava seeds one by one in the plug tray, the plug tray is 55 holes, filled with pure fine sand, one grain is one hole, the thickness of the sand layer is 2-3 cm, and all are sown. Water afterward.

(3) Plug tray management, put the plug tray into an artificial climate incubator for cultivation, the temperature is set to a constant temperature of 28°C, the humidity is set to 65%, and the light is set to 7 hours of light. The principle of watering during the period is to dry thoroughly.

(4) To prepare the seedling transfer medium, use garden soil: fine sand: fermented sugarcane filter mud in a ratio of 2:1:1 to obtain a seedling-raising medium and put it into a seedling-raising bag.

(5) Transplanting seedlings, cassava seeds begin to germinate in 2-3 days, and after 7 days, the cassava seedlings grow to more than 5cm, and the true leaves are all unfolded, and the seedlings can be transplanted. The cassava seedlings are transplanted into seedling bags, watered well, and pay attention to shade.

(6) Management during the shading period, the transplanted cassava seedlings were placed in the shade shed, watered every day during the period, and after 4 days, the shading was removed and the seedlings were refined.

(7) Transplanting in the field. After 15 days of hardening, more than 80% of the cassava seedlings reach 20cm in length. They can be transplanted to the field with soil in cloudy and rainy days, and they can be watered every day within the first three days of transplanting.

By adopting the method of the invention, 91 cassava seeds were germinated and grown in the climate incubator, 91 survived when transplanted into the shade canopy, and 89 survived after being transplanted into the field, with a survival rate of 89.0%.

Claims (2)

1. a cassava seed sowing method for raising seedlings, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: (1) Seed treatment, first soak the cassava seeds in warm soup, soak them in constant temperature water at 31°C for 10 hours, pick them up, and prepare for sowing; (2) Sowing, sow the treated cassava seeds into the plug tray, one seed per hole, cover the sand layer with a thickness of 2~3cm, and water it thoroughly; (3) Plug tray management, place the seeded plug tray in an environment of 24°C to 34°C, control the ambient humidity to 60%~70%, ensure that the light time is 6-8 hours, and the principle of watering during the seed germination period is as follows: dry thoroughly (4) Preparation of seedling transfer medium, using garden soil: fine sand: fermented sugarcane filter mud in a ratio of 3:1:1 to obtain a seedling-raising medium and put it into a seedling-raising bag; (5) Transplanting seedlings, cassava seeds begin to sprout in 2-3 days, and after 7-15 days, the cassava seedlings grow to more than 5cm, and the true leaves are all unfolded, and the seedlings can be transplanted. The cassava seedlings in the tray are transplanted into the seedling bag, watered well, and pay attention to shade; (6) Shading period management, cassava seedlings are watered every day during the shading period, and after 3-5 days, the shade can be removed for hardening; (7) For field transplantation, after 15 days of hardening, more than 80% of the cassava seedlings can be transplanted in the field when the length reaches 20-25cm. 2. cassava seed sowing method for raising seedlings according to claim 1, is characterized in that, cassava seed selects the plump and vigorous seeds harvested in that year for use.