CN106961992B - Sowing and seedling raising method for cassava seed - Google Patents
Sowing and seedling raising method for cassava seed Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cassava seed sowing and seedling raising method, which comprises the following steps: (1) seed treatment, namely soaking cassava seeds in warm soup; (2) sowing, namely sowing cassava seeds into a hole tray, covering a sand layer, and watering thoroughly; (3) managing the plug tray, namely placing the plug tray in an environment with the temperature of 24-34 ℃, wherein the humidity is 60% -70%, and the illumination time is 6-8 hours; (4) preparing a seedling transplanting medium by using garden soil: fine sand: the fermented sugarcane filter mud is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by weight of 2-3: 1: 1, uniformly mixing to obtain a seedling culture medium; (5) transplanting seedlings, (6) managing in a shading period, and (7) transplanting in a field. According to the method, the cassava seeds are soaked in the warm soup at a proper temperature, the seedling culture medium is adjusted, the environmental conditions such as the seedling culture temperature are strictly regulated and controlled, the germination rate of the seeds is improved, the normal development of the seeds is ensured, the cross breeding efficiency of the cassava is improved, and the correctness of the research on the cassava characters is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a cassava sowing and seedling raising method.
Background
Cassava is an important root crop in south China, and Guangxi is one of main cassava producing areas in China. The cross breeding is one of the important means of cassava breeding, and the cassava hybrid preserves the diversity of cassava genes, thereby being beneficial to planting and processing. However, in most regions of China, the climate can not completely meet the light and temperature conditions required by seed development, the obtained seeds are few in quantity and poor in quality, and the germination rate is low or the seeds cannot germinate.
According to the reports of Weibenhui and the like, the germination rate of the untreated cassava seeds is 0 percent, and the germination rate of the specially treated cassava seeds is about 30 percent on average; reported by plum blossom, the germination rate of cassava hybrid is 31.3%. The seed is not easy to obtain, the germination rate is low, and the like, so that the breeding delay of the cassava in China is caused, and the development of scientific research work of the cassava is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sowing and seedling raising method for cassava seed. According to the method, the cassava seeds are soaked in the warm soup at a proper temperature, the seedling culture medium is adjusted, the environmental conditions such as the seedling culture temperature are strictly regulated and controlled, the germination rate of the seeds is improved, the normal development of the seeds is ensured, the cross breeding efficiency of the cassava is improved, and the correctness of the research on the cassava characters is ensured.
A cassava seed sowing and seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) seed treatment, namely soaking the cassava seeds in warm water, soaking the cassava seeds in constant-temperature water at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ for 8-10 hours, fishing up and sowing the cassava seeds.
(2) And (3) sowing, namely sowing the treated cassava seeds into a hole tray, wherein one hole is formed, the thickness of a sand layer is covered by 2-3 cm, and the cassava seeds are watered thoroughly.
(3) And (3) hole tray management, namely placing the sowed hole trays in an environment with the temperature of 24-34 ℃, controlling the environment humidity to be 60% -70%, and ensuring the illumination time to be 6-8 hours and watering the seeds thoroughly in the germination period according to the principle of dry and thorough watering.
(4) Preparing a seedling transplanting medium by using garden soil: fine sand: the fermented sugarcane filter mud is prepared according to the following steps of 2-3: 1: 1 to obtain a seedling culture medium, and filling the seedling culture medium into a seedling culture bag.
(5) Transplanting seedlings, wherein the cassava seeds begin to sprout in 2-3 days, after 7-15 days, the cassava seedlings grow to be more than 5cm, the seedlings can be transplanted when the true leaves are completely unfolded, the seedling transplanting time is selected in rainy days or at the evening, the cassava seedlings in the sand hole tray are transplanted into a seedling bag, watering is performed thoroughly, and shading is paid attention to.
(6) And (4) management in a shading period, wherein the cassava seedlings are watered thoroughly every day in the shading period, and after 3-5 days, shadings can be removed for hardening the seedlings.
(7) Transplanting the cassava seedlings into the field when the cassava seedlings grow to 20-25 cm.
The method for soaking cassava seeds in warm water can play a role in traditional seed flotation, has a disinfection and sterilization effect to a certain extent, and is beneficial to shortening germination time, improving the germination rate of subsequent seeds and improving the overall breeding efficiency. The cassava seeds are soaked in the constant-temperature water of 31 ℃ for 10 hours for soaking the cassava seeds in the warm soup, the temperature has obvious effect on recovering the cassava seeds, the germination time is short, and the harm of germs is reduced.
As the optimization of the technical proposal, the cassava seeds are full and viable seeds harvested in the current year.
Preferably, more than 80% of cassava seedlings are 20-25cm in length after 15 days of seedling exercising in the step (7), and the cassava seedlings can be transplanted in a field.
Preferably, the seedling culture medium of the invention is prepared from garden soil: fine sand: the fermented sugarcane filter mud is prepared according to the following steps of 3: 1: 1, mixing uniformly. The seedling culture medium prepared by adopting the formula ratio has high fertility, meets the nutritional growth of cassava seedlings, promotes the growth of the cassava seedlings, and is robust; particularly, the fermented sugarcane filter mud is added, the rotten sugarcane filter mud contains rich organic matters and humic acid, is rich in nutrition and low in price, promotes the growth of roots and stems of cassava seedlings, adjusts fine sand, increases the air permeability and the water permeability of a medium, and avoids the hardening phenomenon.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method adopts low temperature to soak the seeds in the warm soup, can promote the recovery of the cassava seeds, has the effects of disinfection and sterilization to a certain extent, and shortens the germination time; secondly, the effect of floating high-quality seeds is achieved, and meanwhile, the influence of high temperature on the germs of the cassava seeds is avoided. The method mainly adopts full seeds harvested in the current year, the seeds do not enter a long-term dormancy stage, and the cassava seeds are better treated by adopting warm soup at the temperature of 30-35 ℃.
2. The invention adopts garden soil: fine sand: the fermented sugarcane filter mud is prepared into a seedling culture medium through scientific and reasonable proportioning, so that the fertility of soil is ensured, the growth and development of cassava seedlings are met, the growth speed is accelerated, the regulation of fine sand is more permeable and breathable, the respiration of the root systems of the cassava seedlings is enhanced, and the cassava seedlings are more robust.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples in order that the advantages and features of the invention may be more readily understood, it being understood that the following examples are only preferred versions of the invention, and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
A cassava seed sowing and seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (4) seed treatment. In the middle ten days of 9 months, the cassava No. 5 in south China is taken as a female parent, the pollen of the cassava No. 205 in south China is used for artificial pollination, and hybrid seeds are harvested at the bottom of 12 months in the year. And (4) breeding in the next 4 months, taking 100 mature and plump hybrid seeds, soaking in constant-temperature water at 31 ℃ for 10 hours, soaking the seeds in warm water, taking out and preparing for sowing.
(2) And (3) sowing, namely sowing the treated cassava seeds in a plug tray one by one, filling the plug tray with pure fine sand, covering the plug tray one by one, wherein the thickness of a sand layer is 2-3 cm, and completely watering after all the plug trays are sowed.
(3) And (3) hole tray management, namely putting the hole trays into an artificial climate incubator for cultivation, setting the temperature to be constant at 24 ℃, setting the humidity to be 60% and setting the illumination to be 8-hour illumination. During the period, the watering principle is that the water is thoroughly dried and watered.
(4) Preparing a seedling transplanting medium by using garden soil: fine sand: fermented sugar cane filter mud 3: 1: 1 to obtain a seedling culture medium, and filling the seedling culture medium into a seedling culture bag.
(5) And (3) transplanting seedlings, wherein cassava seeds begin to sprout in succession after 2-3 days, the cassava seedlings grow to more than 5cm after 15 days, the seedlings can be transplanted after the true leaves are completely unfolded, the cassava seedlings in the sand hole tray are transplanted into a seedling bag in rainy days, the seedlings are watered thoroughly, and the shading is noticed.
(6) And (4) management in a shading period, namely placing the transplanted cassava seedlings into a shading shed, watering thoroughly every day in the shading period, and removing shading after 3 days to harden the cassava seedlings.
(7) Transplanting in a field, wherein more than 80% of cassava seedlings reach more than 20cm in length after hardening for 15 days, transplanting the cassava seedlings to the field with soil in rainy days, and watering thoroughly every day within three days of just transplanting.
By adopting the method, 95 cassava seeds germinate and grow in a climate incubator, the cassava seeds are transplanted into a shadow shed to survive 93 cassava seeds, 91 cassava seeds survive after the cassava seeds are transplanted into a field, and the survival rate is 91.0%.
Example 2
A cassava seed sowing and seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (4) seed treatment. Mature fruits of south China, No. 5 natural cross were harvested at the end of 12 months. And breeding in the next 3 months, taking 100 mature and plump hybrid seeds, soaking in constant-temperature water at 31 ℃ for 10 hours for soaking the seeds in warm water, and fishing out for later sowing.
(2) And (3) sowing, namely sowing the treated cassava seeds in a plug tray one by one, filling the plug tray with pure fine sand, covering the plug tray one by one, wherein the thickness of a sand layer is 2-3 cm, and completely watering after all the plug trays are sowed.
(3) And (3) hole tray management, namely putting the hole trays into an artificial climate incubator for cultivation, setting the temperature to be constant at 33 ℃, setting the humidity to be 60% and setting the illumination to be 8-hour illumination. During the period, the watering principle is that the water is thoroughly dried and watered.
(4) Preparing a seedling transplanting medium by using garden soil: fine sand: fermented sugar cane filter mud 3: 1: 1 to obtain a seedling culture medium, and filling the seedling culture medium into a seedling culture bag.
(5) And (3) transplanting seedlings, wherein the cassava seeds begin to sprout in 2-3 days, after 10 days, the cassava seedlings grow to be more than 5cm, the seedlings can be transplanted when the true leaves are completely unfolded, the cassava seedlings in the sand hole tray are transplanted into a seedling bag in the evening, the seedlings are watered thoroughly, and the shading is noticed.
(6) And (4) management in a shading period, namely placing the transplanted cassava seedlings into a shading shed, watering thoroughly every day in the shading period, and removing shading after 3 days to harden the cassava seedlings.
(7) Transplanting in a field, wherein more than 80% of cassava seedlings reach 25cm in length after hardening 15 days, transplanting in the field with soil in rainy days, and watering thoroughly every day within three days of just transplanting.
By adopting the method, 94 cassava seeds germinate and grow in a climate incubator, the cassava seeds are transplanted into a shadow shed to survive 93 cassava seeds, 92 cassava seeds survive after the cassava seeds are transplanted into a field, and the survival rate is 92.0%.
Example 3
A cassava seed sowing and seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (4) seed treatment. In the middle ten days of 9 months, the cassava No. 5 in south China is taken as a female parent, the pollen of the cassava No. 205 in south China is used for artificial pollination, and the artificial hybrid seeds and the cassava seeds naturally hybridized in the south China at the bottom of 12 months in the current year are harvested. And (3) breeding in the next 3 months, respectively taking 100 mature and full artificial hybrid seeds and 100 natural hybrid seeds, and setting labels, wherein the group A is artificial hybrid seeds and the group B is natural hybrid seeds. Soaking in 31 deg.C constant temperature water for 10 hr respectively, soaking in warm water, taking out, and sowing.
(2) And (3) sowing, namely sowing the cassava seeds in the group A and the group B in a plug tray one by one respectively, filling the plug tray with pure fine sand with the specification of 55 holes, one by one, covering a sand layer with the thickness of 2-3 cm, and watering thoroughly after all the cassava seeds are sowed.
(3) And (3) hole tray management, namely putting the hole trays into an artificial climate incubator for cultivation, setting the temperature to be constant at 30 ℃, setting the humidity to be 60% and setting the illumination to be 8-hour illumination. During the period, the watering principle is that the water is thoroughly dried and watered.
(4) Preparing a seedling transplanting medium by using garden soil: fine sand: fermented sugar cane filter mud 3: 1: 1 to obtain a seedling culture medium, and filling the seedling culture medium into a seedling culture bag.
(5) Transplanting seedlings, wherein cassava seeds begin to sprout in 2-3 days, after 15 days, the cassava seedlings grow to be more than 5cm, the seedlings can be transplanted when true leaves are completely unfolded, the seedling transplanting time is selected in rainy days or at the evening, the cassava seedlings in the sand hole tray are transplanted into a seedling raising bag, watering is conducted thoroughly, and shading is noticed.
(6) And (4) management in a shading period, namely placing the transplanted cassava seedlings into a shading shed, watering thoroughly every day in the shading period, and removing shading after 3 days to harden the cassava seedlings.
(7) Transplanting in a field, wherein more than 80% of cassava seedlings reach 25cm in length after hardening 15 days, transplanting in the field with soil in rainy days, and watering thoroughly every day within three days of just transplanting.
By adopting the method, 100 cassava seeds in the group B (No. five natural hybrids in south China) germinate and grow in a climatic incubator, the cassava seeds are transplanted into a shady shed to survive for 99 cassava seeds, 98 cassava seeds survive after being transplanted into a field, and the survival rate is 98.0 percent.
The cassava seeds of the group A (artificial hybridization) germinate and grow 100 in a climatic incubator, are transplanted into a shadow shed to survive 100, survive 99 after being transplanted into a field, and have the survival rate of 99.0 percent.
Example 4
A cassava seed sowing and seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (4) seed treatment. Mature fruits of south China, No. 5 natural cross were harvested at the end of 12 months. And breeding in the next 2 months, taking 100 mature and plump hybrid seeds, soaking in constant-temperature water at 30 ℃ for 9 hours for soaking the seeds in warm water, and fishing out for later sowing.
(2) And (3) sowing, namely sowing the treated cassava seeds in a plug tray one by one, filling the plug tray with pure fine sand, covering the plug tray one by one, wherein the thickness of a sand layer is 2-3 cm, and completely watering after all the plug trays are sowed.
(3) And (3) hole tray management, namely putting the hole trays into an artificial climate incubator for cultivation, setting the temperature to be constant at 34 ℃, setting the humidity to be 70% and setting the illumination to be 6-hour illumination. During the period, the watering principle is that the water is thoroughly dried and watered.
(4) Preparing a seedling transplanting medium by using garden soil: fine sand: fermented sugar cane filter mud 2: 1: 1 to obtain a seedling culture medium, and filling the seedling culture medium into a seedling culture bag.
(5) Transplanting seedlings, wherein cassava seeds begin to sprout in 2-3 days, after 10 days, the cassava seedlings grow to be more than 5cm, the seedlings can be transplanted when true leaves are completely unfolded, the seedling transplanting time is selected in rainy days or at the evening, the cassava seedlings in the sand hole tray are transplanted into a seedling raising bag, watering is conducted thoroughly, and shading is noticed.
(6) And (4) management in a shading period, namely placing the transplanted cassava seedlings into a shading shed, watering thoroughly every day in the shading period, and removing shading after 5 days to harden the cassava seedlings.
(7) Transplanting in a field, wherein more than 80% of cassava seedlings reach 20cm in length after hardening 15 days, transplanting in the field with soil in rainy days, and watering thoroughly every day within three days of just transplanting.
By adopting the method, 90 cassava seeds germinate and grow in a climate incubator, the cassava seeds are transplanted into a shadow shed to survive 90 cassava seeds, 88 cassava seeds survive after the cassava seeds are transplanted into a field, and the survival rate is 88.0%.
Example 5
A cassava seed sowing and seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (4) seed treatment. Mature fruits of south China, No. 5 natural cross were harvested at the end of 12 months. And (4) breeding in the next 4 months, taking 100 mature and plump hybrid seeds, soaking in constant-temperature water at 35 ℃ for 8 hours for soaking the seeds in warm water, taking out and preparing for sowing.
(2) And (3) sowing, namely sowing the treated cassava seeds in a plug tray one by one, filling the plug tray with pure fine sand, covering the plug tray one by one, wherein the thickness of a sand layer is 2-3 cm, and completely watering after all the plug trays are sowed.
(3) And (3) hole tray management, namely putting the hole trays into an artificial climate incubator for cultivation, setting the temperature to be constant at 28 ℃, setting the humidity to be 65% and setting the illumination to be 7-hour illumination. During the period, the watering principle is that the water is thoroughly dried and watered.
(4) Preparing a seedling transplanting medium by using garden soil: fine sand: fermented sugar cane filter mud 2: 1: 1 to obtain a seedling culture medium, and filling the seedling culture medium into a seedling culture bag.
(5) And (3) transplanting seedlings, wherein the cassava seeds begin to sprout in 2-3 days, after 7 days, the cassava seedlings grow to be more than 5cm, the seedlings can be transplanted when the true leaves are completely unfolded, the seedling transplanting time is selected in rainy days or at night, the cassava seedlings in the sand hole tray are transplanted into a seedling bag, water is poured thoroughly, and shading is noticed.
(6) And (4) managing in a shading period, namely placing the transplanted cassava seedlings in a shading shed, watering thoroughly every day in the shading period, removing shading after 4 days, and hardening the seedlings.
(7) Transplanting in a field, wherein more than 80% of cassava seedlings reach 20cm in length after hardening 15 days, transplanting in the field with soil in rainy days, and watering thoroughly every day within three days of just transplanting.
By adopting the method, 91 cassava seeds germinate and grow in a climate incubator, are transplanted into a sunshelter to survive 91 cassava seeds, survive 89 cassava seeds after being transplanted into a field, and the survival rate is 89.0%.
Claims (2)
1. A cassava seed sowing and seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seed treatment, namely soaking cassava seeds in warm soup, soaking the cassava seeds in constant-temperature water at 31 ℃ for 10 hours, taking out the cassava seeds and preparing for sowing;
(2) sowing, namely sowing the treated cassava seeds into a hole tray, wherein each hole is covered with a sand layer with the thickness of 2-3 cm, and watering thoroughly;
(3) the method comprises the following steps of (1) hole tray management, namely placing the sowed hole trays in an environment with the temperature of 24-34 ℃, controlling the humidity of the environment to be 60-70%, and ensuring the illumination time to be 6-8 hours and watering the seeds thoroughly in the germination period according to the principle of thorough drying and thorough watering;
(4) preparing a seedling transplanting medium by using garden soil: fine sand: the fermented sugarcane filter mud is prepared according to the following steps of 3: 1: 1 to obtain a seedling culture medium, and filling the seedling culture medium into a seedling culture bag;
(5) transplanting seedlings, namely beginning germination of cassava seeds in 2-3 days, after 7-15 days, growing the cassava seedlings to be more than 5cm, transplanting the cassava seedlings when true leaves are completely unfolded, transplanting the cassava seedlings in the sand hole tray into a seedling bag in rainy days or at the evening, watering thoroughly, and shading;
(6) managing in a shading period, watering cassava seedlings thoroughly every day in the shading period, and removing shadings for hardening the seedlings after 3-5 days;
(7) transplanting in the field, wherein after hardening seedlings for 15 days, more than 80 percent of cassava seedlings reach 20-25cm in length, and then transplanting in the field.
2. The cassava seed sowing and seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the cassava seeds are full viable seeds harvested in the current year.
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CN111802197B (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2021-12-07 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Method for cultivating sweet potato seedling seeds based on seedling growing cylinder |
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CN106134708A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-23 | 固镇县华丰农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of cabbage mustard |
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