CN109769676B - Soilless culture method for promoting rapid flowering of rhododendron lapponicum good seedlings - Google Patents
Soilless culture method for promoting rapid flowering of rhododendron lapponicum good seedlings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A soilless culture method for promoting the quick blooming of the seedlings of the beautiful rhododendron hybrids includes such steps as preparing culture medium, planting the seedlings of the beautiful rhododendron hybrids, removing buds, transplanting, controlling culture environment, applying fertilizer and irrigation. By adopting the method, seedlings of the hybrid offspring of the beautiful woman of the alpine rose can grow strongly and the plants are strong, the time from planting to flowering is only 2 years, 7 months to 2 years and 8 months, the flowering time is shortened by 1 to 2 years compared with the traditional planting mode, the whole breeding period of the hybrid offspring of the beautiful woman of the alpine rose can be shortened by 2 to 4 years, and the period of breeding new varieties of the beautiful rose can be greatly shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a soilless culture method, in particular to a soilless culture method for promoting rapid flowering of hybrid offspring seedlings of alpine rhododendron anthopogonoide.
Background
The alpine rhododendron is used as a high-grade potted flower, and large-scale domestic production is realized in China. However, most of alpine rhododendron varieties planted industrially in China are introduced varieties, and the industrial development is limited. The cultivation of new species of alpine rhododendron with intellectual property rights of self-culture in China is urgent. However, the breeding cycle of the new variety of alpine rhododendron is too long, which needs 10-15 years, and the whole breeding process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of parent screening, artificial pollination and hybridization → hybrid seed sowing, seedling cultivation to hybrid progeny blooming → screening of excellent single-plant tissue culture and rapid propagation with good ornamental property and strong adaptability → tissue culture seedling (excellent plant line) cultivation to blooming → determination of excellent plant lines with stable and consistent properties → formation of a new plant variety and application of protection of the new plant variety, wherein the two key links of flowering cultivation of seedling of hybrid progeny and flowering of excellent-plant tissue culture seedling cultivation to blooming are time-consuming, and generally, 3-5 years are required from hybrid progeny seedling cultivation to plant blooming (Jiejia et al, new variety breeding of alpine rhododendron, flower and plant cultivation in 12 th stage in 2017, 44-45), and 3-5 years are required from tissue culture seedling cultivation to blooming, so that research and development of a cultivation method for promoting rapid flowering of alpine rhododendron seedlings has important significance for accelerating work.
In addition, the traditional planting mode of potted rhododendron lapponicum planted by adopting the substrates of leaf mold, pine needle, bark, red soil and the like has various difficult planting problems of difficult material finding (mainly leaf mold), complex proportion, easy soil hardening, more diseases and the like. The soilless culture technology taking peat, coconut chaff and the like as the main substrates can provide better conditions for the growth of the rhododendron lapponicum seedlings due to the characteristics of easy proportioning, permeable and ventilated substrates, simple management, less diseases and the like, so that a soilless culture method suitable for the rhododendron lapponicum seedlings is developed, the growth environment of the rhododendron lapponicum seedlings can be improved, and the flowering of the rhododendron lapponicum seedlings is accelerated.
Finally, the current potted rhododendron alpinum cultivation method is to trim new shoots (namely top shoots), promote lateral buds below the new shoots to germinate to form lateral shoots and cultivate potted rhododendron alpinum with luxuriant branches, compact plant shape and good ornamental value. Under the cultivation mode, the rhododendron lapponicum seedlings need at least 3-4 years from planting to flowering (Jiefujia and the like, trimming potted rhododendron lapponicum seedlings in Yunnan, flower gardening in China, No. 8 in 2016, 35). However, for breeding new varieties of alpine rhododendrons, the ornamental character of flowers is more critical than the plant shape, so that the important point for developing a method for promoting the rapid flowering of seedlings is to shorten the time from seedling cultivation to plant flowering and promote the breeding process.
The rhododendron delavayi variety Pink is a good variety with good ornamental properties (Jiuweijia and the like, comprehensive evaluation of the rhododendron delavayi variety based on a grey correlation degree analysis method, college reports of Henan agriculture university, No. 4 and No. 513 in 2017), heat resistance (fan jade flowers and the like, evaluation of the heat resistance of the rhododendron delavayi variety, Zhejiang agriculture science, No. 1 and No. 251 in 2019), disease resistance (Yanxiumei and the like, identification of the pathogenic bacteria of the rhododendron delavayi tre and evaluation of the disease resistance of the variety, gardening reports, 11 months in 2018 and first network), and is a rare breeding material. In recent years, a plurality of excellent single plants are harvested by taking 'Pink glaber' as a parent for crossbreeding, a plurality of strains are bred, and a technology for promoting the rapid flowering of seedlings of the rhododendron is developed, so that the method has very important practical significance for accelerating the cultivation of a new variety of alpine rhododendron with independent intellectual property rights.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem of long breeding time of the new variety of alpine rhododendron, the invention provides a soilless culture method for promoting the rapid flowering of the good red pink seedling of alpine rhododendron.
The invention provides a soilless culture method for promoting rapid flowering of alpine rose pink good-person seedlings, which is characterized in that the alpine rose pink good-person seedlings are alpine rose pink good-person filial generation seedlings, the alpine rose pink good-person filial generation seedlings are planted in a flowerpot filled with a culture substrate I and are watered thoroughly, one terminal bud of each alpine rose pink good-person filial generation seedling is reserved for growing in the whole culture period, axillary buds below the terminal buds are removed in time, the axillary buds are prevented from sprouting into lateral branches, the plants of the axillary buds are cultured into single rods, and the culture substrate I is a soilless substrate added with a controlled-release compound fertilizer.
Further, the soilless substrate added with the controlled-release compound fertilizer is added with 2.5kg of controlled-release compound fertilizer per cubic meter of soilless substrate, the controlled-release compound fertilizer has a nutrient release period of 90-150 days, and contains 20% of N and 20% of P in terms of mass fraction2O520％，K2O20% controlled release compound fertilizer.
Further, the soilless substrate is coconut husk and peat with the pH value of 4.5-5.5, and the volume ratio of the coconut husk to the peat with the pH value of 4.5-5.5 is 1:1 proportion of the coconut husk peat mixed matrix I.
Further, the peat with the pH value of 4.5-5.5 is fine peat with the pH value of 4.5-5.5 and the fiber length of less than 10mm, and the coconut husk is formed by mixing fine coconut husk with the particle size of less than or equal to 6mm and coconut shell fragments with the particle size of less than or equal to 10mm according to the volume ratio of 7:3 of the fine coconut husk to the coconut shell fragments.
Furthermore, the height of the flowerpot is 8.5-9.5 cm, and the outer diameter is 10-10.5 cm.
Further, the hybrid generation seedling of the alpine rose pink good person is an annual seedling or a tissue culture seedling of the hybrid generation of the alpine rose pink good person which is taken out of a bottle and refined.
The soilless culture method for promoting the rapid flowering of the rhododendron delavayi Pink seedlings further comprises the following steps:
A. transplanting: in 11-12 months of the 1 st year after the hybrid seedlings of the good rhododendron delavayi people are planted in the flowerpot filled with the culture substrate I, transplanting the hybrid seedlings of the good rhododendron delavayi people when the root systems grow out of the bottom of the flowerpot, removing the culture substrate I from the outer layer 1/3-1/2 of the hybrid seedlings of the good rhododendron delavayi people after the original pot seedlings are taken off the pot, knocking loose the culture substrate I attached to the roots of the hybrid seedlings of the good rhododendron delavayi people, shearing off the root systems of the disc knots, putting the culture substrate I attached to the roots of the hybrid seedlings of the good rhododendron delavayi people into 70% thiophanate wettable powder 800 times solution, soaking for 10-15 minutes, and then transferring the hybrid seedlings into a new flowerpot filled with the culture substrate II; the culture medium II is prepared by the following method:
selecting coarse peat with the pH value of 4.5-5.5 and the fiber length of 10-30 mm and coarse coconut coir according to the volume ratio of the coarse peat to the coarse coconut coir of 1:1 to obtain a coconut husk peat mixed matrix II, wherein the coarse coconut husk is prepared by mixing fine coconut husk with the particle size of less than or equal to 6mm and coconut shell fragments with the particle size of less than or equal to 10mm according to the volume ratio of the fine coconut husk to the coconut shell fragments of 1: 1;
secondly, adding 5.0kg of controlled-release compound fertilizer into the coconut husk peat mixed matrix II according to the proportion that each cubic meter of the coconut husk peat mixed matrix II is added to form a culture matrix II by mixing the controlled-release compound fertilizer with the culture matrix II, wherein the controlled-release compound fertilizer is the same as the controlled-release compound fertilizer;
B. controlling the cultivation environment: in the whole cultivation period, the cultivation environment temperature is 15-25 ℃, the relative humidity of the cultivation environment air is 70-80%, the illumination intensity is 40000 lx-60000 lx, the temperature of the cultivation substrate I or the cultivation substrate II is 15-20 ℃, and the humidity of the cultivation substrate I or the cultivation substrate II is 60-80%;
C. fertilizing measures are as follows: spraying 1000 times of liquid fertilizer I for 1 time at intervals of 10-15 days for 3-4 months, wherein the liquid fertilizer I contains N20% and P by mass2O5 20％，K2O20 percent; spreading a high-phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer for 7-8 months, wherein the high-phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer contains 10% of N and P by mass2O5 30％，K2O20%, and the using amount of the high phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 12-15 g/pot; spraying 1000-time liquid fertilizer II for 1 time from middle 9 to late 9 months, wherein the liquid fertilizer II comprises N10% and P in percentage by mass2O520％，K2O20 percent; after transplanting in the step A, applying a controlled release compound fertilizer once according to 15 g-25 g/pot every 2-3 months, wherein the controlled release compound fertilizer is the same as the controlled release compound fertilizer, and the EC value range of the culture substrate II is ensured to be 1.5 mS/cm-2.0 mS/cm;
D. and (3) watering measures: in the whole cultivation period, 1 time of water is poured in 1-2 days in sunny days, 1 time of water is poured in 3-4 days in cloudy days, and water with the pH value of 5.8-6.2 is used for watering, and the water is thoroughly watered every time.
Further, the height of the new flowerpot in the step A is 11.5-12.5 cm, and the outer diameter is 13-13.5 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
by adopting the method, the seedlings of the hybrid offspring of the beautiful rhododendron delavayi can grow strongly and the plants are strong, the time from planting to flowering is only 2 years, 7 months to 2 years and 8 months, the flowering time is shortened by 1 to 2 years compared with the traditional planting mode, the whole breeding period of the hybrid offspring of the beautiful rhododendron delavayi can be shortened from the original 10 to 13 years to 8 to 9 years, the period for breeding new varieties of the beautiful rhododendron delavayi is greatly shortened, the whole breeding period is shortened by 2 to 4 years, and unexpected technical effects are generated.
The method has very important guiding significance for accelerating the cultivation of new rhododendron lapponicum varieties with independent intellectual property rights.
Detailed Description
The alpine rhododendron pollen better seedling is a alpine rhododendron pollen better hybrid seedling, and the alpine rhododendron pollen better hybrid seedling in the following embodiment can be obtained by purchasing alpine rhododendron pollen better potted plant sold in the market, performing conventional hybrid pollination, obtaining seeds, sowing and cultivating the seeds to obtain the alpine rhododendron pollen better hybrid seedling in the current year, or purchasing a alpine rhododendron pollen better hybrid seedling tissue culture seedling sold in the market and taken out of a bottle and refined. The following examples are given without specific indication of conventional methods.
Examples
(1) Preparation of a culture medium I: the soilless medium is a coconut husk peat mixed medium I which is obtained by mixing coconut husk and peat with pH of 4.5-5.5 according to the volume ratio of 1:1 of coconut husk to peat with pH of 4.5-5.5, 2.5kg of controlled-release compound fertilizer is added into each cubic meter of the coconut husk peat mixed medium I to form a culture medium I, the controlled-release compound fertilizer is a nutrient release period of 90 days and contains N20% in mass percentage, and P is a culture medium I which is prepared by mixing the coconut husk peat mixed medium I and the controlled-release compound fertilizer2O5 20％，K2O20% controlled release compound fertilizer. The coconut chaff is fine coconut chaff with the particle diameter less than or equal to 6mm and coconut shell fragments with the particle diameter less than or equal to 10mm according to the particle sizeThe volume ratio of the fine coconut coir with the diameter less than or equal to 6mm to the coconut shell fragments with the particle diameter less than or equal to 10mm is 7:3, and the peat with the pH value of 4.5-5.5 is the fiber length with the pH value of 4.5-5.5<10mm of fine peat.
(2) Planting the hybrid offspring seedlings of the alpine rhododendron anthopogonoides man: and (3) planting the hybrid seedlings of the beautiful rhododendron delavayi Pink and beautiful woman in 9 months in a flowerpot filled with the culture medium I in the step (1), and watering thoroughly (watering until water flows out of the bottom of the flowerpot) after transplanting, wherein the height of the flowerpot is 8.5-9.5 cm, and the outer diameter of the flowerpot is 10-10.5 cm.
(3) Bud removal treatment of hybrid offspring seedlings of alpine rhododendron erythropolis: in the whole cultivation period, only one terminal bud of each alpine rhododendron erythropolis hybrid offspring seedling is kept for growth, the axillary buds below the terminal buds are removed in time, the axillary buds are prevented from germinating into lateral branches, and the plants are cultivated into single stems.
(4) Transplanting: planting the hybrid generation seedlings of the good rhododendron delavayi Pink in a flowerpot filled with a culture substrate I for 11-12 months in the 1 st year, transplanting when the root systems of the hybrid generation seedlings of the good rhododendron delavayi Pink grow out of the bottom of the flowerpot, removing the outer layers 1/3-1/2 of the culture substrate I of the hybrid generation seedlings of the good rhododendron delavayi Pink after the original pot seedlings are taken off the pot, knocking the rest of the culture substrate I attached to the roots of the hybrid generation seedlings of the good rhododendron delavayi Pink, shearing the root systems which are coiled together, putting the culture substrate I attached to the roots of the hybrid generation seedlings of the good rhododendron delavayi Pink into a 70% thiophanate-800 times wettable powder, soaking for 12 minutes, and transferring to a new flowerpot filled with a culture substrate II; the height of the new flowerpot is 11.5-12.5 cm, and the outer diameter is 13-13.5 cm. The culture medium II is prepared by the following method:
selecting coarse peat with the pH value of 4.5-5.5 and the fiber length of 10-30 mm and coarse coconut coir with the pH value of 4.5-5.5 and the fiber length of 10-30 mm according to the volume ratio of the coarse peat to the coarse coconut coir of 1:1, and the coarse coconut coir is formed by mixing fine coconut coir with the particle size of less than or equal to 6mm and coconut shell fragments with the particle size of less than or equal to 10mm according to the volume ratio of the fine coconut coir with the particle size of less than or equal to 6mm to the coconut shell fragments with the particle size of less than or equal to 10mm of 1: 1.
Secondly, adding 5.0kg of controlled-release compound fertilizer into the coconut husk peat mixed matrix II according to the proportion that each cubic meter of the coconut husk peat mixed matrix II is added to form a culture matrix II, wherein the controlled-release compound fertilizer is the same as the controlled-release compound fertilizer in the step (1);
(5) controlling the cultivation environment: in the whole cultivation period, the cultivation environment temperature is 15-25 ℃, the cultivation environment air relative humidity is 70-80%, the illumination intensity is 40000 lx-60000 lx, shading is needed when the illumination intensity is more than 60000lx, and shading nets with different shading rates are selected for shading according to the illumination intensity. The temperature of the culture medium I or the culture medium II is 15-20 ℃, and the humidity of the culture medium I or the culture medium II is 60-80%.
(6) Fertilizing measures are as follows:
spraying 1000 times of liquid fertilizer I for 1 time every 12 days for 3-4 months to promote the growth of branches and leaves, wherein the liquid fertilizer I contains N20% and P in percentage by mass2O5 20％，K2O 20％。
And secondly, broadcasting a high-phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer for 8 months, wherein the high-phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer contains 10 percent of N and 10 percent of P in mass fraction2O5 30％，K2O20 percent, and the using amount of the high phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 15 g/pot.
③ 9 in mid-month ten days, spraying 1000 times of liquid fertilizer II for 1 time to enhance the cold resistance of the plants, wherein the liquid fertilizer II contains N10 percent and P by mass fraction2O5 20％，K2O 20％。
And fourthly, after transplanting in the step 4, applying a controlled release compound fertilizer once per pot according to 15 g-25 g every 3 months, wherein the controlled release compound fertilizer is the same as the controlled release compound fertilizer in the step 1, and the EC value range of the culture substrate II is ensured to be between 1.5mS/cm and 2.0 mS/cm.
(7) And (3) watering measures: in the whole cultivation period, 1 time of water is poured in 1 d-2 d of sunny days, 1 time of water is poured in 3 d-4 d of cloudy days, the cultivation substrate I or the cultivation substrate II in the pot is kept moist, water with the pH range of 5.8-6.2 is used for watering, and each time of watering is based on the principle of thorough watering (watering is carried out until water flows out from the bottom of the flowerpot).
The test effects are detailed in tables 1 and 2.
The hybrid offspring of the beautiful rhododendron delavayi red powder woman blooms: with the cultivation method, buds can be formed in the 2 nd year after the hybrid seedlings of the beautiful rhododendron hybrids are planted, and the buds can bloom in the 3 rd year after the hybrid seedlings are planted.
TABLE 1 comparison of seedling flowering time of hybrid offspring of Rhododendron lapponicum cultured in the prior art
TABLE 2 comparison of the present invention method with the prior art breeding time from the hybrid generation seedling planting of Rhododendron delavayi Pink to the breeding of new plant variety
Claims (2)
1. A soilless culture method for promoting rapid flowering of alpine rose pink good-person seedlings is characterized in that the alpine rose pink good-person seedlings are alpine rose pink good-person filial generation seedlings, the alpine rose pink good-person filial generation seedlings are planted in a flowerpot filled with a culture substrate I in 9 months, and water is poured into the flowerpot, the height of the flowerpot is 8.5-9.5 cm, and the outer diameter of the flowerpot is 10-10.5 cm; in the whole cultivation period, each alpine rose pink beautiful woman filial generation seedling keeps one terminal bud to grow, axillary buds below the terminal buds are removed in time, the axillary buds are prevented from germinating into lateral branches, the plant is cultivated into a single stem, and the cultivation substrate I is a soilless substrate added with a controlled-release compound fertilizer;
2.5kg of controlled release compound fertilizer is added into the soilless substrate added with the controlled release compound fertilizer according to each cubic meter of soilless substrate, the controlled release compound fertilizer has a nutrient release period of 90-150 days, and contains 20 percent of N and 20 percent of P in terms of mass fraction2O5 20%，K2The controlled release compound fertilizer with 20 percent of O, the soilless substrate is coconut husk and peat with the pH value of 4.5-5.5, the coconut husk peat mixed substrate I is formed by mixing coconut husk peat with the pH value of 4.5-5.5 according to the volume ratio of 1:1(ii) a The peat with the pH value of 4.5-5.5 is fine peat with the pH value of 4.5-5.5 and the fiber length of less than 10mm, and the coconut husk is formed by mixing fine coconut husk with the particle size of less than or equal to 6mm and coconut shell fragments with the particle size of less than or equal to 10mm according to the volume ratio of the fine coconut husk to the coconut shell fragments of 7: 3;
transplanting: in 11-12 months of 1 year after the hybrid seedlings of the beautiful rhododendron and the Pink beautiful woman are planted in the flowerpot filled with the culture substrate I, transplanting is carried out when the root systems of the hybrid seedlings of the beautiful rhododendron and the Pink beautiful woman grow out of the bottom of the flowerpot, when transplanting is carried out, the original pot seedlings are taken out of the pot, the culture substrate I of the outer layer 1/3-1/2 of the hybrid seedlings of the beautiful rhododendron and the Pink beautiful woman are removed, the culture substrate I attached to the roots of the hybrid seedlings of the beautiful rhododendron and the Pink beautiful woman is knocked loose, the root systems which are coiled together are cut off, the culture substrate I attached to the roots of the hybrid seedlings of the beautiful rhododendron and the Pink beautiful woman are placed in a 70% thiophanate wettable powder 800 times solution to be soaked for 10-15 minutes, then the hybrid seedlings are transplanted into a new flowerpot filled with a culture substrate II, the height of the new flowerpot is 11.5-12.5 cm, and the outer diameter of the new flowerpot is 13-13.5; the culture medium II is prepared by the following method:
firstly, mixing coarse peat with the fiber length of 10-30 mm and the coarse coconut husk with the pH value of 4.5-5.5 according to the volume ratio of the coarse peat to the coarse coconut husk of 1:1 to form a coconut husk peat mixed matrix II, wherein the coarse coconut husk is formed by mixing fine coconut husk with the particle size of less than or equal to 6mm and coconut shell fragments with the particle size of less than or equal to 10mm according to the volume ratio of the fine coconut husk to the coconut shell fragments of 1: 1;
secondly, adding 5.0kg of controlled-release compound fertilizer into the coconut husk peat mixed matrix II according to the proportion of adding the controlled-release compound fertilizer into each cubic meter of the coconut husk peat mixed matrix II to form a culture matrix II;
controlling the cultivation environment: in the whole cultivation period, the cultivation environment temperature is 15-25 ℃, the relative humidity of the cultivation environment air is 70-80%, the illumination intensity is 40000 lx-60000 lx, the temperature of the cultivation substrate I or the cultivation substrate II is 15-20 ℃, and the humidity of the cultivation substrate I or the cultivation substrate II is 60-80%;
fertilizing measures are as follows: spraying 1000 times of liquid fertilizer I for 1 time at intervals of 10-15 days for 3-4 months, wherein the liquid fertilizer I is prepared by massThe fraction of N is 20%, P2O5 20%，K2O20 percent; spreading a high-phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer for 7-8 months, wherein the high-phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer contains 10% of N and P by mass2O5 30%，K2O20%, and the using amount of the high phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 12-15 g/pot; spraying 1000-time liquid fertilizer II for 1 time from middle 9 to late 9 months, wherein the liquid fertilizer II comprises N10% and P in percentage by mass2O5 20%，K2O20 percent; after transplanting, applying the controlled-release compound fertilizer once every 2-3 months according to 15-25 g/pot, and ensuring that the EC value range of the culture substrate II is 1.5-2.0 mS/cm;
and (3) watering measures: in the whole cultivation period, 1 time of water is poured in 1-2 days in sunny days, 1 time of water is poured in 3-4 days in cloudy days, and water with the pH value of 5.8-6.2 is used for watering, and the water is thoroughly watered every time.
2. The soilless culture method for promoting quick flowering of the fine red pink human seedlings of alpine rhododendron as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fine red pink human hybrid seedlings of alpine rhododendron are annual seedlings of the fine red pink human hybrid seedlings of alpine rhododendron or tissue culture seedlings of the fine red pink human hybrid seedlings of alpine rhododendron which are taken out of bottles and refined.
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| 高山杜鹃杂交育苗;解玮佳等;《中国花卉园艺》;20150115(第2期);第26-27页 * |
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| CN109769676A (en) | 2019-05-21 |
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