CN107135888B - Bud-stripping tip-promoting seedling raising method for tea trees - Google Patents
Bud-stripping tip-promoting seedling raising method for tea trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN107135888B CN107135888B CN201710552383.7A CN201710552383A CN107135888B CN 107135888 B CN107135888 B CN 107135888B CN 201710552383 A CN201710552383 A CN 201710552383A CN 107135888 B CN107135888 B CN 107135888B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tea tree bud stripping tip promoting seedling raising method. The method comprises the following steps: seedling cultivation → large cup nutrition cultivation → low pruning → bud stripping and tip promoting → shed lifting and seedling hardening. The method is a new method for promoting the growth of young shoots of tea tree seedlings to achieve the purpose of quickly cultivating small tree seedlings. The method is implemented by mainly utilizing the biological characteristics of tea trees, changes the growth situation of tea seedlings, controls longitudinal growth, accelerates transverse growth and effectively increases the number of branches, can cultivate small tea trees with 3-6 branches from one tea tree seedling in one year, achieves the aim of cultivating the small tea trees in one year, has the effect of cultivating the small tea trees in one year by using a traditional seedling cultivation method, then transplants the field for half a year, has the effect of cultivating the tea trees in one year and a half to two years in total, greatly improves the survival rate of a new tea garden, realizes early garden formation and early production, and reduces the investment cost of the new tea garden. The method is simple and practical, easy to operate and remarkable in effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tea tree seedling raising method, in particular to a tea tree bud stripping and tip promoting seedling raising method.
Background
At present, the cultivation of fine variety seedlings of tea trees adopts a traditional asexual cutting seedling method, and the main technology is to select tea tree branches growing to semi-lignification, cut the spikes and perform cutting to allow the tea seedlings to grow freely, and when the tea seedlings grow to a certain height after being cultivated for one year, the tea trees are outplanted and transplanted to a new tea garden. The seedling raising method has the following problems: the tea seedlings have obvious trunks, few branches and weak drought resistance and stress resistance, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are required to be input for management after planting, so that the survival rate is low. Particularly, arbor type large leaf seeds have upright tree postures, obvious main stems and strong top growth advantages, can be put into production after being planted for three years generally, and have slow production, slow production and high investment cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a tea tree bud stripping and tip promoting seedling raising method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a novel seedling culture method, and the effect of culturing small tea trees (with 3-6 branches) in one year is achieved through the technical method. Changes the traditional one-year cultivation of the young tea plant seedlings, and has the important technical problems of low survival rate, slow garden forming and high investment cost after transplantation.
The method is a new method for promoting the growth of young shoots of tea tree seedlings to achieve the purpose of quickly cultivating small tree seedlings. The method mainly utilizes the biological characteristics of tea trees, and is implemented by the technology, so that the growth situation of tea seedlings is changed, the longitudinal growth is controlled, the transverse growth is accelerated, the branch number is effectively increased, and the aim of cultivating small tea trees in one year is fulfilled. The method is simple and practical, and the effect is obvious.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a bud-stripping and shoot-promoting seedling raising method for tea trees comprises the following steps: seedling cultivation → large cup nutrition cultivation → low pruning → bud stripping and tip promoting → shed hardening; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) tea tree seedling cultivation: culturing the tea tree cuttings into seedlings with 3-4 leaves by a conventional method;
(2) and (3) nutrient cultivation in a large cup: filling decomposed nutrient soil into the large nutrient cup, transplanting the cultured tea tree seedlings, each seedling has 3-4 leaves, into the large nutrient cup for culturing;
(3) low pruning: when the tea seedlings grow to be more than 25cm, cutting off the main stems at the positions 16-18 cm away from the ground;
(4) bud stripping and shoot promoting: after the tea seedlings are pruned, new shoots (buds) which are germinated from the main shaft grow until the fish leaves are developed, the hairtail leaves with the tea buds are stripped together, and only scales are left;
(5) uncovering the greenhouse to harden the seedlings: uncovering the sunshade shed surface according to a conventional seedling culture method, and controlling water and fertilizer to train the robustness of the tea seedlings.
Preferably, the tea tree seedling cultivation in the step (1) comprises the processes of tea tree cutting selection, seedling field construction and cultivation;
preferably, the large nutrition cup in the step (2) is a plastic nutrition cup with the diameter of 12-15 cm and the height of 10-13 cm;
preferably, the preparation method of the decomposed nutrient soil in the step (2) comprises the following steps: 60-70% of mountain yellow-core soil, 20-30% of cow dung, 4-5% of peanut cake and 4-5% of calcium superphosphate, uniformly mixing, piling for 3-4 months, loosening, and spreading for cooling for 10-15 days for later use. Wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the mountain yellow core soil, the cow dung, the peanut cake and the calcium superphosphate is 100%.
The invention is realized by the following operation steps:
transplanting the cultured tea tree seedlings with the specification that each seedling has 3-4 leaves to a big nutrition cup for cultivation. Transplanting is carried out according to the following flow: and (3) putting the retted decomposed nutrient soil into a big nutrient cup, transplanting the seedlings into the big nutrient cup, and then putting the seedlings into a built sunshade, wherein each row is 30 meters long and 1.5 meters wide, and the working row is 60 cm. The sunshade is made of a plastic sunshade net with the model of SZW-14 black and the light transmittance of 45-65%, and the height of the sunshade is 2.3-2.5 m, so that the operation and management of personnel are facilitated. The big nutrition cup is transplanted and is managed according to normal growing seedlings, treat that most tea seedlings grow to 25cm, 16 ~ 18cm high department from the ground prunes the main shaft, strengthen the fertilizer and water management, sprout when the new bud that the main shaft was sprouted, when growing to the fish leaf and developing, strip tea bud and hairtail leaf together, only remain the scale, because young sprout (bud) basal portion that grow from the main shaft all contains balanced symmetrical two scales, an axillary bud is all educated at every scale basal portion, also be exactly when every young sprout is stripped, as long as keep the scale, just can sprout two new buds simultaneously, through strengthening the fertilizer and water management, two new buds can cultivate into two new branches. Generally, 2-3 young shoots (buds) can sprout after a main shaft of each tea seedling is cut off, the young shoots (buds) growing for the first time are timely stripped, 4-6 young buds can grow at the base parts of the scales of the young shoots (buds), and then 4-6 branches are cultivated to form a small tea tree. And then, when the small tea trees grow to have bud standing or have 3 leaves, uncovering the awning for hardening the seedlings for 1-2 months, so that the healthy small tea trees with 3-6 branches per growth on average can be bred.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
the invention also relates to a new discovery and utilization of the biological characteristics of the young shoots of tea trees, the basic principle is that two scales are grown on the base parts of the young shoots of tea trees, each scale base part contains an axillary bud, under the normal condition, the young shoots follow the polar growth principle, all nutrient substances are preferentially supplied for the growth of the terminal buds in order to meet the growth requirement of the terminal buds, other axillary buds including the axillary buds contained in the scales are basically in a dormant state, and once the terminal buds are damaged or removed, the nutrient substances are redistributed, and the axillary buds can start to germinate and grow. The leaves of the tea plant are intergrowth, no matter the leaves are fish leaves or true leaves, each leaf only has one axillary bud, when a new tip or a tender bud is stripped, if the left leaves are the fish leaves or the true leaves, only one new tip can grow from the base parts of the fish leaves or the true leaves. However, the scale internodes of the young sprout of the tea tree are extremely short and almost symmetrically grow, so the invention utilizes the physiological characteristic to strip the young sprout with more than fish leaves, ensures that the nutrient components are relatively uniformly distributed to the two scale axillary buds, promotes the two axillary buds to simultaneously germinate, and then cultivates the young sprout. Through the realization of the innovative technology, one tea tree seedling can be cultivated into a small tea tree with 3-6 branches in one year, the effect can reach the effect of cultivating one year by a traditional seedling cultivation method, then transplanting the tea tree to a field for half a year, and the total cultivation time is from one year to half a year, so that the survival rate of a new tea garden is greatly improved, the tea garden is formed in advance and put into production in advance, and the investment cost of the new tea garden is reduced. The method is simple, easy to operate and remarkable in effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the method of the present invention in the process of growing tea tree seedlings; wherein, A: soil preparation; b: selecting cutting slips; c: cutting ears; d: cutting; e: cultivating the long buds; f: and (5) cultivating the seedlings.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the method of the present invention during the cultivation in a macronutrient cup; wherein, A: retting decomposed nutrient soil; b: bagging the decomposed nutrient soil; c: transplanting seedlings; d: and continuing to cultivate after transplanting.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the method of the present invention in the bud-peeling and shoot-promoting process; wherein, A: the correct position of the bud is stripped; b: sprouting of new buds after bud stripping; c: the axillary bud at the base of the scale can breed a new tip.
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of an annual small tea plant grown by the method of the present invention; wherein, A: the invention cultivates annual small tea trees; b: annual tea seedlings cultivated by the traditional conventional method.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The mountain loess used in the examples is obtained from mountains where crops are not planted, and cow dung, peanut cakes and calcium superphosphate are all commercially available.
Example 1
(1) Tea tree seedling cultivation: comprises the processes of tea tree cutting selection, seedling field construction and cultivation; the tea tree cutting slips are cultivated into seedlings with 3-4 leaves, the seedlings are cultivated according to a conventional seedling method, and the specific operation schematic diagram is shown in figure 1.
(2) And (3) nutrient cultivation in a large cup: transplanting the cultured tea tree seedlings with the specification that each seedling has 3-4 leaves to a big nutrition cup for cultivation.
Transplanting is carried out according to the following flow: and (3) putting the retted decomposed nutrient soil into a big nutrient cup, transplanting the seedlings into the big nutrient cup, and then putting the seedlings into a built sunshade, wherein each row is 30 meters long and 1.5 meters wide, and the working row is 60 cm. The sunshade is made of a plastic sunshade net with the model of SZW-14 black and the light transmittance of 45-65%, and the height of the sunshade is 2.3-2.5 m, so that the operation and management of personnel are facilitated. The specific operation schematic diagram is shown in fig. 2.
The preparation method of the decomposed nutrient soil comprises the following steps: 60-70% of mountain yellow-core soil, 20-30% of cow dung, 4-5% of peanut cake and 4-5% of calcium superphosphate, uniformly mixing, piling for 3-4 months, loosening, and spreading for cooling for 10-15 days for later use. Wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the mountain yellow core soil, the cow dung, the peanut cake and the calcium superphosphate is 100%.
(3) Low pruning: after transplanting the macronutrition cups, managing according to normal seedling growing, and when the tea seedlings grow to 25cm, cutting off the main shaft at the position 16-18 cm away from the ground;
(4) bud stripping and shoot promoting: the fertilizer and water management is enhanced, when the new shoots (buds) germinated from the main shaft grow to fish leaves, the tea shoots and the fish leaves are stripped together, only scales are left, because each new shoot base part contains two balanced and symmetrical scales, an axillary bud is cultured at each scale base part, namely when the tender shoots are stripped from each new shoot, as long as the scales are kept, two new shoots can be simultaneously germinated, and two new branches are cultured under normal management. Generally, 2-3 new buds can sprout after a main shaft of each tea seedling is cut off, 2-3 new shoots (buds) growing for the first time are timely stripped, 4-6 new buds can grow at the base parts of the scales of the new shoots (buds), and then 4-6 branches are cultivated to form a small tea tree. The specific operation schematic diagram is shown in fig. 3.
(5) Uncovering the greenhouse to harden the seedlings: and then, when the small tea trees grow to have bud standing or have 3 leaves, uncovering the awning for hardening the seedlings for 1-2 months, so that the healthy small tea trees with 3-6 branches per growth on average can be bred.
The invention is shown in figure 4A, and figure 4B is a traditional method for cultivating annual tea seedlings. As can be seen from the graph 4, a small tea tree with 3-6 branches can be cultivated from one tea tree seedling in one year, the effect can reach the effect that the tea tree is cultivated in one year by a traditional conventional seedling cultivation method, then the tea tree is transplanted to a field for half a year to one year, the total cultivation time is one year or half to two years, the survival rate of a new tea garden is greatly improved, the tea garden is formed in advance and put into production in advance, and the investment cost of the new tea garden is reduced. The method is simple, easy to operate and remarkable in effect.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A tea tree bud stripping and tip promoting seedling raising method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: seedling cultivation → large cup nutrition cultivation → low pruning → bud stripping and tip promoting → shed hardening;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivating arbor type large-leaf tea tree seedlings;
(2) and (3) nutrient cultivation in a large cup: filling decomposed nutrient soil into the large nutrient cup, transplanting the cultured tea tree seedlings, each seedling has 3-4 leaves, into the large nutrient cup for culturing;
the preparation method of the decomposed nutrient soil comprises the following steps: 60-70% of mountain yellow-core soil, 20-30% of cow dung, 4-5% of peanut cake and 4-5% of calcium superphosphate, uniformly mixing, piling for 3-4 months, loosening, and cooling for 10-15 days for later use; wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the mountain yellow core soil, the cow dung, the peanut cake and the calcium superphosphate is 100 percent;
(3) low pruning: when the tea seedlings grow to be more than 25cm, cutting off the main stems at the positions 16-18 cm away from the ground;
(4) bud stripping and shoot promoting: after the tea seedlings are pruned, the new shoots or the new buds sprouting from the main shaft grow until the fish leaves develop, the hairtail leaves with the tea buds are stripped together, and only scales are left;
(5) and (5) opening the shed to harden the seedlings.
2. The tea tree bud-stripping shoot-promoting seedling-raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the tea tree seedling cultivation is to cultivate the tea tree cutting into seedlings with 3-4 leaves according to a conventional method.
3. The tea tree bud-stripping shoot-promoting seedling-raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the shed uncovering and seedling hardening is to uncover the sunshade shed surface according to a conventional seedling growing method and start water and fertilizer control so as to train the tea seedlings to be strong.
4. The tea tree bud-stripping shoot-promoting seedling-raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the large nutrition cup in the step (2) is a plastic nutrition cup with the diameter of 12-15 cm and the height of 10-13 cm.
5. The tea tree bud-stripping shoot-promoting seedling-raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
and (5) hardening off the seedlings for 1-2 months.
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| CN101023724A (en) * | 2007-03-29 | 2007-08-29 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Method for culturing golden camellia tree stool potted-landscape |
| CN104303801A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-01-28 | 袁昌选 | Cultivation method of oil-tea camelia dwarfing multi-branch seedlings |
| CN106258691A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2017-01-04 | 新沂市佳实林业科技有限公司 | The yellow cultural method in Hills, northern Suzhou of southern Jiangsu Camellia sinensis Su Yu |
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Denomination of invention: A Method of Tea Tree Shoot Peeling and Shoot Promotion Effective date of registration: 20221118 Granted publication date: 20200121 Pledgee: Bank of China Limited Qingyuan Branch Pledgor: YINGDE CHUANGMEI AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2022980022475 |