CN116158316A - High-yield method for overwintering cultivation of facility peppers - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural vegetable planting, and particularly relates to a high-yield method for overwintering cultivation of facility peppers, which comprises the following steps: selecting a high-temperature-resistant, high-yield and disease-resistant pepper variety, sowing and raising seedlings at the bottom of 7 months for cultivation, transplanting at the bottom of 8 months, picking for 10 months, soaking seeds for 15min with clear water, soaking seeds with cold water, sowing, selecting vegetable garden fields with previous stubbles which are not peppers as seedbeds, sowing, raising seedlings in a seedling raising nutrition pot, and planting in step 6; the invention solves the problems of low price, low economic benefit and the like of centralized marketing in summer and autumn planting, dormancy by greenhouse facilities in winter and early marketing again.

Description

High-yield method for overwintering cultivation of facility peppers

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural vegetable planting, and particularly relates to a high-yield method for overwintering cultivation of facility peppers.

Background

The peppers, also called peppery, spicy or pepper eggplant, are grown in original production and in south america, stems are upright, single leaves are mutually grown, and the artificial cultivation is annual plants, and can be divided into cherry peppers, conical peppers, cluster peppers, long peppers and lantern peppers, when the main stem grows 8-10 leaves, the first flowers grow, and the requirements on temperature and humidity are wider than those of tomatoes and eggplants.

At present, peppers planted in Chongqing areas in China are planted in spring last year, and the collection in summer is finished, so that the time of the peppers to market is consistent, the price is low, and the economic benefit is low. There is a need for a pepper summer planting autumn result, utilizing greenhouse facilities to sleep in winter, and a result of early spring again to come to the market in the morning, so that the problems of low price and the like in the traditional centralized planting are avoided.

For example, chinese patent No. CN201310185388.2 discloses a method for cultivating capsicum through winter, which comprises the following steps: (1) the variety is selected from: the large fruit type variety which is low temperature resistant, weak light resistant, easy fruit setting, thick pulp, big, glossy, good in quality, high in yield and strong in disease resistance and is suitable for sunlight greenhouse cultivation is selected; (2) sowing and seedling raising: in a sunlight greenhouse with excellent heat preservation performance, sowing is generally carried out in the last ten days of 7 months to 8 months, planting is carried out in the middle and last ten days of 9 months, and the seedling stage is about 45 days; (3) planting: 10000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 100kg of calcium superphosphate and 30 kg of potassium sulfate are applied to each 667 square meters; (4) harvesting: the fruits are fully enlarged, the skin color is changed to be thick, the fruits are harvested when the peel is hard and glossy, and the fruit stalks are cut off by scissors for harvesting. The invention provides a method for increasing the yield of hot pepper varieties which are resistant to high temperature, antiviral, strong in growth vigor, concentrated in results, big in fruits, thick in meat and cold-resistant; the greenhouse is used for dormancy in winter, and the greenhouse is used for promoting the early fruiting and appearing on the market in early spring again, so that the problems of low price, low economic benefit and the like in centralized appearing on the market are avoided.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the problems, the invention provides a high-yield method for overwintering cultivation of facility peppers, which solves the problems that the greenhouse facilities are used for dormancy in summer and the result is brought to the market in early spring again in winter, so that the centralized marketing price is low, the economic benefit is low and the like.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a method for cultivating high yield of facility capsicum through winter comprises the following steps:

step 1, selecting a high-temperature-resistant, high-yield and disease-resistant pepper variety;

step 2, sowing and raising seedlings of the peppers at the end of 7 months, transplanting at the end of 8 months, and picking up the peppers at the beginning of 10 months;

step 3, soaking seeds in clear water for 15min, soaking seeds in cold water, then pouring the boiled water into a basin for soaking the seeds, stirring in one direction while pouring, quickly raising the water temperature to 55-60 ℃, pouring the cold water after 1-2 min, and soaking the seeds after the water temperature is reduced to 25-30 ℃;

step 4, sowing and selecting vegetable garden fields with previous stubbles which are not peppers as seedbeds, wherein the width of the seedbeds is 1.2m;

step 5, seedling raising nutrition pot seedling raising, wherein the pot body is 8 cm-10 cm in diameter and 10 cm-12 cm in height, the seedling bed needs to be fully applied with organic fertilizer, soil blocks are broken and fully leveled, sufficient nutrition soil is prepared for seed covering and pot loading, and two thirds of high-quality vegetable garden soil and one third of decomposed organic fertilizer are preferably used for preparing the nutrition soil to be mixed; filling the prepared nutrient soil into a nutrient bowl, enabling the nutrient soil to be 1cm away from a bowl opening, compacting the nutrient bowl slightly by hands, putting the nutrient bowl in order, watering thoroughly, sowing after the nutrient soil is infiltrated under water, covering 1 cm-1.5 cm of nutrient soil on each bowl with 1-2 seeds, covering the soil with a layer of mulching film for water retention, covering a sunshade net for cooling, performing temperature control work in a seedling stage, and cultivating strong seedlings;

step 6, applying 500kg-1000kg of microbial organic bacterial fertilizer to the planted field blocks every 666.7 square meters according to the soil fertility condition, keeping the soil moist, applying 50 kg-100 kg of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, and deeply ploughing the field blocks for 30 cm-40 cm by using a rotary cultivator to fully and uniformly mix the soil fertilizer;

step 7, after fertilization and deep turning, raking to level the ground, then making a high furrow with the width of 100cm and the height of 15 cm-20 cm, leaving a V-shaped ditch with the width of 20 cm-30cm in the middle of the furrow surface, and making one end of the ditch slightly higher to prepare a dark irrigation under the film, wherein the whole furrow surface is covered with a mulching film; a 20cm distance is reserved between the two furrow surfaces as an operation line of a worker;

step 8, punching a hole at two sides of the V-shaped ditch of the covered furrow surface according to 25cm-30cm, planting 2 rows of holes in the longitudinal direction of each furrow surface, pressing the nutrition pot surface of the pepper seedlings by hands with the hole being 25cm-30cm and the hole depth being 5cm-8cm, and compacting the nutrition pot surface by the filled soil by the hands slightly, so that the pot bottom is tightly contacted with soil around the hole bottom, and planting 3500-4000 plants per mu;

step 9, transplanting and field planting at the end of 8 months, taking care of watering, sun-shading and cooling when the plants reach a living plant after field planting, and not applying fertilizer until the early flowering stage after seedling recovery;

step 10, pruning plants; the growth of the high Wen Zhizhu in summer is vigorous, all small side branches below the trunk branches are trimmed in time, and only the trunk growth is reserved;

step 11, beginning to enter an early flowering period at the end of 9 months to tie a first batch of peppers, and paying attention to field water retention at the moment;

step 12, beginning to mature the first lot of peppers in 10 months, and beginning to harvest the first lot of peppers;

step 13, after the first bunch of peppers is picked, top dressing is applied for the first time, and 20kg of water-soluble fertilizer is added into each mu of peppers to be applied along with drip irrigation;

14, in the middle of 11, the second batch of peppers all reach the marketing requirement, but the peppers cannot be picked to the market at the moment, the temperature is reduced, the pepper plants gradually start to stop growing, the peppers are left on the plants, the peppers do not continue to grow to red, the peppers supplied with plant nutrition do not fall, the peppers are left on the pepper plants, and the peppers are harvested and sold after waiting for a spring festival of 2 months;

step 15, starting to apply additional fertilizer for the second time in the last ten days of 11 months, adding 20kg of water-soluble fertilizer per mu with water, applying with drip irrigation, and then covering a greenhouse film to compact the greenhouse film to start overwintering;

step 16, the market pepper is good in running during the spring festival in 2 months, and all peppers on the reserved plants can be picked and sold;

step 17, after the capsicum in the next 2 months is picked, top dressing is applied for the third time, and 20kg of water-soluble fertilizer is added into each mu of capsicum and then drip irrigation is carried out;

step 18, pruning, namely pruning all small branches of the peppers after fertilization in the late 2 months, and only retaining trunks and part of main branches to allow the dry weight of the branches to grow new branches and leaves to form peppers;

step 19, beginning to grow the capsicum in the beginning of 3 months, and beginning to bloom and fruit in the third batch in the next ten days of 3 months;

20, starting picking a third batch of peppers in the middle of 4 months to come into the market, starting applying additional fertilizer for the fourth time after the third batch of peppers are picked, and applying 20kg of water-soluble fertilizer per mu along with drip irrigation;

step 21, the fourth lot of peppers begin to mature gradually to be picked and put on the market in the beginning of 5 months, the fifth additional fertilizer application is started after the fourth lot of peppers are picked, and 20kg of water-soluble fertilizer is added into each mu of peppers to be applied along with drip irrigation;

step 22, the fifth lot of peppers in middle and late 5 months can be picked to be marketed after being gradually matured, the sixth additional fertilizer application is started after the fifth lot of peppers are picked, and 20kg of water-soluble fertilizer is added into each mu of peppers to be applied along with drip irrigation;

the sixth lot of peppers can be picked to be marketed after the first lot of peppers begin to mature gradually in the beginning of 23,6 months, additional fertilizer is applied for the seventh time after the sixth lot of peppers are picked, and 20kg of water-soluble fertilizer is added into each mu of peppers to be applied along with drip irrigation;

step 24, the seventh lot of peppers can be picked to be marketed after the seventh lot of peppers are gradually matured in the late 6 months, and the seventh lot of peppers are picked according to market conditions, such as good market conditions, the field management and the fertilizer and water management can be enhanced, and the second lot of peppers can be picked again, such as bad market conditions, and the season production can be optionally ended.

Compared with the prior art, the method for cultivating the high yield of the facility capsicum through winter has the following beneficial effects:

1. compared with the traditional planting method, the method for cultivating the high yield of the facility peppers in the overwintering mode has the advantages that the traditional planting production peppers are all on the market in the spring and summer, the price is low, the method can fill the gap that no local peppers exist in the spring festival in Chongqing areas, the sales price is high, and the income of farmers is increased; the invention can lead the spring peppers to be marketed for more than 15 days in advance, has high early-stage yield and high price, and increases the yield and income at the same time.

2. The method for cultivating the high yield of the overwintering of the facility peppers provided by the invention has the advantages that the greenhouse facilities are used for dormancy in winter as a result of summer planting in autumn, the result of early spring again is brought to the market in the early spring, and the problems of low price, low economic benefit and the like of centralized marketing are avoided.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following detailed description. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

The embodiment provides a high-yield method for overwintering cultivation of facility peppers, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, selecting a high-temperature-resistant, high-yield and disease-resistant pepper variety, wherein a user can select a proper pepper variety according to actual conditions;

step 2, sowing and raising seedlings of the peppers at the end of 7 months, transplanting at the end of 8 months, and picking up the peppers at the beginning of 10 months;

step 3, soaking seeds in clear water for 15min, soaking seeds in cold water, then pouring the boiled water into a basin for soaking the seeds, stirring in one direction while pouring, quickly raising the water temperature to 55-60 ℃, pouring the cold water after 1-2 min, and soaking the seeds after the water temperature is reduced to 25-30 ℃;

step 4, sowing and selecting vegetable garden fields with previous stubbles which are not peppers as seedbeds, wherein the width of the seedbeds is 1.2m;

step 5, seedling raising nutrition pot seedling raising, wherein the pot body is 8 cm-10 cm in diameter and 10 cm-12 cm in height, the seedling bed needs to be fully applied with organic fertilizer, soil blocks are broken and fully leveled, sufficient nutrition soil is prepared for seed covering and pot loading, and two thirds of high-quality vegetable garden soil and one third of decomposed organic fertilizer are preferably used for preparing the nutrition soil to be mixed; filling the prepared nutrient soil into a nutrient bowl, enabling the nutrient soil to be 1cm away from a bowl opening, compacting the nutrient bowl slightly by hands, putting the nutrient bowl in order, watering thoroughly, sowing after the nutrient soil is infiltrated under water, covering 1 cm-1.5 cm of nutrient soil on each bowl with 1-2 seeds, covering the soil with a layer of mulching film for water retention, covering a sunshade net for cooling, performing temperature control work in a seedling stage, and cultivating strong seedlings;

step 6, applying 500kg-1000kg of microbial organic bacterial fertilizer to the planted field blocks every 666.7 square meters according to the soil fertility condition, keeping the soil moist, applying 50 kg-100 kg of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, and deeply ploughing the field blocks for 30 cm-40 cm by using a rotary cultivator to fully and uniformly mix the soil fertilizer;

step 7, after fertilization and deep turning, raking to level the ground, then making a high furrow with the width of 100cm and the height of 15 cm-20 cm, leaving a V-shaped ditch with the width of 20 cm-30cm in the middle of the furrow surface, and making one end of the ditch slightly higher to prepare a dark irrigation under the film, wherein the whole furrow surface is covered with a mulching film; a 20cm distance is reserved between the two furrow surfaces as an operation line of a worker;

step 8, punching a hole at two sides of the V-shaped ditch of the covered furrow surface according to 25cm-30cm, planting 2 rows of holes in the longitudinal direction of each furrow surface, pressing the nutrition pot surface of the pepper seedlings by hands with the hole being 25cm-30cm and the hole depth being 5cm-8cm, and compacting the nutrition pot surface by the filled soil by the hands slightly, so that the pot bottom is tightly contacted with soil around the hole bottom, and planting 3500-4000 plants per mu;

step 9, transplanting and field planting at the end of 8 months, taking care of watering, sun-shading and cooling when the plants reach a living plant after field planting, and not applying fertilizer until the early flowering stage after seedling recovery;

step 10, pruning plants; the growth of the high Wen Zhizhu in summer is vigorous, all small side branches below the trunk branches are trimmed in time, and only the trunk growth is reserved;

step 11, beginning to enter an early flowering period at the end of 9 months to tie a first batch of peppers, and paying attention to field water retention at the moment;

step 12, beginning to mature the first lot of peppers in 10 months, and beginning to harvest the first lot of peppers;

step 13, after the first bunch of peppers is picked, top dressing is applied for the first time, and 20kg of water-soluble fertilizer is added into each mu of peppers to be applied along with drip irrigation;

14, in the middle of 11, the second batch of peppers all reach the marketing requirement, but the peppers cannot be picked to the market at the moment, the temperature is reduced, the pepper plants gradually start to stop growing, the peppers are left on the plants, the peppers do not continue to grow to red, the peppers supplied with plant nutrition do not fall, the peppers are left on the pepper plants, and the peppers are harvested and sold after waiting for a spring festival of 2 months;

step 15, starting to apply additional fertilizer for the second time in the last ten days of 11 months, adding 20kg of water-soluble fertilizer per mu with water, applying with drip irrigation, and then covering a greenhouse film to compact the greenhouse film to start overwintering;

step 16, the market pepper is good in running during the spring festival in 2 months, and all peppers on the reserved plants can be picked and sold;

step 17, after the capsicum in the next 2 months is picked, top dressing is applied for the third time, and 20kg of water-soluble fertilizer is added into each mu of capsicum and then drip irrigation is carried out;

step 18, pruning, namely pruning all small branches of the peppers after fertilization in the late 2 months, and only retaining trunks and part of main branches to allow the dry weight of the branches to grow new branches and leaves to form peppers;

step 19, beginning to grow the capsicum in the beginning of 3 months, and beginning to bloom and fruit in the third batch in the next ten days of 3 months;

20, starting picking a third batch of peppers in the middle of 4 months to come into the market, starting applying additional fertilizer for the fourth time after the third batch of peppers are picked, and applying 20kg of water-soluble fertilizer per mu along with drip irrigation;

step 21, the fourth lot of peppers begin to mature gradually to be picked and put on the market in the beginning of 5 months, the fifth additional fertilizer application is started after the fourth lot of peppers are picked, and 20kg of water-soluble fertilizer is added into each mu of peppers to be applied along with drip irrigation;

step 22, the fifth lot of peppers in middle and late 5 months can be picked to be marketed after being gradually matured, the sixth additional fertilizer application is started after the fifth lot of peppers are picked, and 20kg of water-soluble fertilizer is added into each mu of peppers to be applied along with drip irrigation;

the sixth lot of peppers can be picked to be marketed after the first lot of peppers begin to mature gradually in the beginning of 23,6 months, additional fertilizer is applied for the seventh time after the sixth lot of peppers are picked, and 20kg of water-soluble fertilizer is added into each mu of peppers to be applied along with drip irrigation;

step 24, the seventh lot of peppers begin to mature gradually and can be picked to be marketed, the temperature in Chongqing area is increased after the seventh lot of peppers are picked, the vegetable prices in the area where summer holidays and high temperature holidays begin are low, the price can be determined according to market conditions, such as good market conditions, the field management and fertilizer water management strengthening peppers can be further picked for two lots, and the season production can be optionally ended if the conditions are bad.

Compared with the traditional planting method, the traditional planting production of the peppers is centralized and marketed in spring and summer, and the peppers are low in price, so that the method can fill the gap that no local peppers exist in spring festival in Chongqing area, and is high in sales price and increased in income of farmers; the invention can lead the spring peppers to be marketed for more than 15 days in advance, has high early-stage yield and high price, and increases the yield and income at the same time.

The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. The method for cultivating the high yield of the overwintering facility capsicum is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

step 1, selecting a high-temperature-resistant, high-yield and disease-resistant pepper variety;

step 2, sowing and raising seedlings of the peppers at the end of 7 months, transplanting at the end of 8 months, and picking up the peppers at the beginning of 10 months;

step 3, soaking seeds in clear water for 15min, soaking seeds in cold water, then pouring the boiled water into a basin for soaking the seeds, stirring in one direction while pouring, quickly raising the water temperature to 55-60 ℃, pouring the cold water after 1-2 min, and soaking the seeds after the water temperature is reduced to 25-30 ℃;

step 4, sowing and selecting vegetable garden fields with previous stubbles which are not peppers as seedbeds, wherein the width of the seedbeds is 1.2m;

step 5, seedling raising nutrition pot seedling raising, wherein the pot body is 8 cm-10 cm in diameter and 10 cm-12 cm in height, the seedling bed needs to be fully applied with organic fertilizer, soil blocks are broken and fully leveled, sufficient nutrition soil is prepared for seed covering and pot loading, and two thirds of high-quality vegetable garden soil and one third of decomposed organic fertilizer are preferably used for preparing the nutrition soil to be mixed; filling the prepared nutrient soil into a nutrient bowl, enabling the nutrient soil to be 1cm away from a bowl opening, compacting the nutrient bowl slightly by hands, putting the nutrient bowl in order, watering thoroughly, sowing after the nutrient soil is infiltrated under water, covering 1 cm-1.5 cm of nutrient soil on each bowl with 1-2 seeds, covering the soil with a layer of mulching film for water retention, covering a sunshade net for cooling, performing temperature control work in a seedling stage, and cultivating strong seedlings;

step 6, applying 500kg-1000kg of microbial organic bacterial fertilizer to the planted field blocks every 666.7 square meters according to the soil fertility condition, keeping the soil moist, applying 50 kg-100 kg of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, and deeply ploughing the field blocks for 30 cm-40 cm by using a rotary cultivator to fully and uniformly mix the soil fertilizer;

step 7, after fertilization and deep turning, raking to level the ground, then making a high furrow with the width of 100cm and the height of 15 cm-20 cm, leaving a V-shaped ditch with the width of 20 cm-30cm in the middle of the furrow surface, and making one end of the ditch slightly higher to prepare a dark irrigation under the film, wherein the whole furrow surface is covered with a mulching film; a 20cm distance is reserved between the two furrow surfaces as an operation line of a worker;

step 8, punching a hole at two sides of the V-shaped ditch of the covered furrow surface according to 25cm-30cm, planting 2 rows of holes in the longitudinal direction of each furrow surface, pressing the nutrition pot surface of the pepper seedlings by hands with the hole being 25cm-30cm and the hole depth being 5cm-8cm, and compacting the nutrition pot surface by the filled soil by the hands slightly, so that the pot bottom is tightly contacted with soil around the hole bottom, and planting 3500-4000 plants per mu;

step 9, transplanting and field planting at the end of 8 months, taking care of watering, sun-shading and cooling when the plants reach a living plant after field planting, and not applying fertilizer until the early flowering stage after seedling recovery;

step 10, pruning plants; the growth of the high Wen Zhizhu in summer is vigorous, all small side branches below the trunk branches are trimmed in time, and only the trunk growth is reserved;

step 11, beginning to enter an early flowering period at the end of 9 months to tie a first batch of peppers, and paying attention to field water retention at the moment;

step 12, beginning to mature the first lot of peppers in 10 months, and beginning to harvest the first lot of peppers; step 13, after the first bunch of peppers is picked, top dressing is applied for the first time, and 20kg of water-soluble fertilizer is added into each mu of peppers to be applied along with drip irrigation;

14, in the middle of 11, the second batch of peppers all reach the marketing requirement, but the peppers cannot be picked to the market at the moment, the temperature is reduced, the pepper plants gradually start to stop growing, the peppers are left on the plants, the peppers do not continue to grow to red, the peppers supplied with plant nutrition do not fall, the peppers are left on the pepper plants, and the peppers are harvested and sold after waiting for a spring festival of 2 months;

step 15, starting to apply additional fertilizer for the second time in the last ten days of 11 months, adding 20kg of water-soluble fertilizer per mu with water, applying with drip irrigation, and then covering a greenhouse film to compact the greenhouse film to start overwintering;

step 16, the market pepper is good in running during the spring festival in 2 months, and all peppers on the reserved plants can be picked and sold;

step 17, after the capsicum in the next 2 months is picked, top dressing is applied for the third time, and 20kg of water-soluble fertilizer is added into each mu of capsicum and then drip irrigation is carried out;

step 18, pruning, namely pruning all small branches of the peppers after fertilization in the late 2 months, and only retaining trunks and part of main branches to allow the dry weight of the branches to grow new branches and leaves to form peppers;

step 19, beginning to grow the capsicum in the beginning of 3 months, and beginning to bloom and fruit in the third batch in the next ten days of 3 months; 20, starting picking a third batch of peppers in the middle of 4 months to come into the market, starting applying additional fertilizer for the fourth time after the third batch of peppers are picked, and applying 20kg of water-soluble fertilizer per mu along with drip irrigation;

step 21, the fourth lot of peppers begin to mature gradually to be picked and put on the market in the beginning of 5 months, the fifth additional fertilizer application is started after the fourth lot of peppers are picked, and 20kg of water-soluble fertilizer is added into each mu of peppers to be applied along with drip irrigation;

step 22, the fifth lot of peppers in middle and late 5 months can be picked to be marketed after being gradually matured, the sixth additional fertilizer application is started after the fifth lot of peppers are picked, and 20kg of water-soluble fertilizer is added into each mu of peppers to be applied along with drip irrigation;

the sixth lot of peppers can be picked to be marketed after the first lot of peppers begin to mature gradually in the beginning of 23,6 months, additional fertilizer is applied for the seventh time after the sixth lot of peppers are picked, and 20kg of water-soluble fertilizer is added into each mu of peppers to be applied along with drip irrigation;

step 24, the seventh lot of peppers can be picked to be marketed after the seventh lot of peppers are gradually matured in the late 6 months, and the seventh lot of peppers are picked according to market conditions, such as good market conditions, the field management and the fertilizer and water management can be enhanced, and the second lot of peppers can be picked again, such as bad market conditions, and the season production can be optionally ended.