CN107548858A - A kind of apple nursery stock mating system - Google Patents
A kind of apple nursery stock mating system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107548858A CN107548858A CN201710930204.9A CN201710930204A CN107548858A CN 107548858 A CN107548858 A CN 107548858A CN 201710930204 A CN201710930204 A CN 201710930204A CN 107548858 A CN107548858 A CN 107548858A
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Abstract
A kind of apple nursery stock mating system disclosed by the invention, first nursery support root, secondly support and do, finally support branch；The apple nursery stock mating system of the present invention, screened by seed, seedling is screened, three process when going out garden is screened so that the nursery stock strain difference bred is small, garden looks are neat, orchard production capacity improves 30%~40%, and the apple tree bred lengthens without dominant virus, or dominant nutritional deficiency symptom, individual plant production time limit, extend the economic life time in orchard, meanwhile the apple nursery stock bred out by mating system of the invention makes the benefited time advance of orchard worker 3 years, garden is colonized into then, second year's harvest is spent, and the 3rd year starts result.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant nursery stock mating system technical field, it is related to a kind of apple nursery stock mating system.
Background technology
Apple is one of four big fruit of the world, and in China, cultivated area is up to 8,000,000 mu, 40,000,000 tons of yield, Shandong, Shan
West, Liaoning, Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, which have, largely plants, in recent years, and Guizhou, Yunnan and Xinjiang region also begin to develop apple,
Apple is in addition to nutritious, more importantly cultivation area orchard worker obtains great economic benefit, plays a part of shaking off poverty and setting out on the road to prosperity.
As industry development also exposes many problems, first, seedling quality is poor, cultivars and strains are disorderly and unsystematic and product matter
Measure it is very different, second, building well survival rate is low, slow into garden, general 5-6 garden results, third, early stage, benefit was low, conventional pipe
Reason just starts result after 6 years, enters within 8 years the best fruiting period, and the development of current " precocity garden, precocity fruiting, early benefited, high benefit " will
Ask, form obvious contrast.
Nursery stock production is the foundation engineering of apple industry, and existing seedling-wood breeding technology is mainly the life of 1 to two years
Nursery stock, and 3 years raw high quality apple seedling-wood breeding technologies are studied, it is the main path for realizing " three early one is high ", will is that apple produces
Positive impetus is played in industry upgrading, agricultural supply.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of apple nursery stock mating system, solve in existing seedling-wood breeding method " late into
Garden, slow result, be benefited late, poor benefit " the problem of.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is a kind of apple nursery stock mating system, specifically to implement according to following steps：
Step 1, nursery stage, comprise the following steps that：
Step 1.1, chosen in stock seed maternal plant without rot, tree body is compact and the excellent maternal plant of robust growth,
Elite seed is filtered out again in the excellent maternal plant chosen；
Step 1.2, the elite seed filtered out in step 1.1 is subjected to sand Tibetan, when 30%~50% seed starts to reveal
Bai Hou, all seeds are seeded in seedlings nursing plate；
Step 1.3, seedling thinning and hardening are carried out to the seedling grown in seedlings nursing plate, when the nursery stock for meeting at least 98% simultaneously
Do not continue to grow, and yellow leaf, when the Nutrition Soil in seedlings nursing plate does into the condition of soil block, start to transplant nursery stock,
Stock garden is established, the pinching when nursery stock is grown to 30cm~40cm；
Step 2, the dry stage is supported, comprised the following steps that：
The rubescent branch of stalwartness, no disease and pests harm, color of the leather is chosen in the excellent maternal plant chosen from step 1.1 and carries out freezer sand
Hide, work as the March, when weather temperature reaches 9 DEG C~11 DEG C, grafted in branch in step 1.3 after pinching using simple bud cleft graft
Nursery stock on, the root of the nursery stock after grafting is cultivated, and cut off the tender tip of nursery stock；
Step 3, support the branch stage：When the length of the terminal bud of nursery stock reaches 2cm, complex shears is carried out to the tender tip of nursery stock, afterwards
The 7th day~the 9th day, remove unnecessary twig, and by righting at the top of the trunk of bending, after the Autumnal Equinox, cut off length for 60cm~
The 80cm long tip, and it is 90 degree~110 degree that other treetops, which are pulled to the angle of trunk, finally gives apple nursery stock.
The features of the present invention also resides in,
The selection of excellent maternal plant is according to sample plot method in step 1.1, and the height of tree is more than the 15% of the mean stand height, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and is more than
The 50% of mean DBH increment, the maternal plant that more than 20 years big tree rot infection rate is 0%.
Elite seed in step 1.1 is seed of thousand quality in 25g~27g.
It it is at least 60 days to the sand Tibetan time of elite seed in step 1.2.
Sow single cave a length of 3cm~5cm of seed, a width of 3cm~5cm in step 1.2 to seedlings nursing plate, depth be 6cm~
8cm。
Nutrition Soil in seedlings nursing plate is by forest humus is native, new soil and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) form, and forest humus is native, new soil
And the mass ratio of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) is 8~10：35~39：1.
Nursery, the specific operation process of hardening are as follows in step 1.3：
Mulch film is covered to the seedling root in several seedlings nursing plates, small arched shed is built on seedlings nursing plate, is educated in whole placement
Greenhouse is built in the base of seed plate, the soil moisture in seedlings nursing plate is reached 12 DEG C~15 DEG C, and soil moisture is maintained at 80%~
85%, air humidity is maintained at 60%~80%, when canopy temperature reaches more than 40 DEG C, opens the ventilating opening on greenhouse both sides
Cooling is aerated, when temperature reaches more than 25 DEG C in small arched shed, it is aeration-cooling to open the ventilating opening of small arched shed, when soil temperature
Degree raises the mulch film being covered on seedlings nursing plate when reaching more than 20 DEG C, aeration-cooling, and carry out within every seven days a thinning, weeding,
Moisturizing, mulch film, small arched shed and greenhouse, and moisturizing are finally taken down successively, soil moisture is maintained at 80%~85%.
Mulch film takes down for the 27th day~the 30th day, and small arched shed takes down for the 32nd day~the 35th day, and greenhouse takes for the 38th day~the 40th day
Fall.
The line space of nursery stock is divided into two kinds of width in the stock garden of step 1.3, and wherein wide row spacing is 110cm, between narrow row
Away from for 30cm, and the spacing of adjacent nursery stock be 30cm in often going, every mu of 3100 plants of field planting.
Temperature of ice house in step 2 is 0 DEG C~1 DEG C, and the humidity of sand is 80%~85%.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
A kind of apple nursery stock mating system of the present invention, is screened by seed, seedling screening, three works of the screening after seedling
Sequence is screened so that the nursery stock strain difference bred is small, and garden looks are neat, and orchard production capacity improves 30%~40%, and the apple bred
Fruit tree lengthens without dominant virus, or dominant nutritional deficiency symptom, individual plant production time limit, extends the economic life time in orchard, meanwhile, lead to
Crossing the apple nursery stock that mating system of the invention is bred out makes the benefited time advance of orchard worker 3 years, is colonized building well then, then
Cheng Yuan, second year's harvest flower, the 3rd year start result, solve in existing seedling-wood breeding method " Chi Chengyuan, slow result, late be benefited,
The problem of poor benefit ".
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
A kind of apple nursery stock mating system of the present invention, specifically implements according to following steps：
Step 1, nursery stage, comprise the following steps that：
Step 1.1, chosen in stock seed maternal plant without rot, tree body is compact and the excellent maternal plant of robust growth, choosing
The excellent maternal plant of Wuqi County Chinese catalpa is taken, the selection of excellent maternal plant is according to sample plot method, and the height of tree is more than the 15% of the mean stand height, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground
The maternal plant for being 0% more than more than the 50% of mean DBH increment, 20 year big tree rot infection rate；Sieved again in the excellent maternal plant of selection
Select elite seed of thousand quality in 25g~27g；
Wherein, mean stand height 20.3cm, mean DBH increment 22.9cm.
Step 1.2, by the elite seed sand filtered out in step 1.1 hide at least 60 days, when 30%~50% seed is opened
After beginning shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, all seeds are seeded in a length of 51cm, in a width of 27cm seedlings nursing plate, and sow a length of 3cm of single cave of seed
~5cm, a width of 3cm~5cm, depth are 6cm~8cm；Nutrition Soil in seedlings nursing plate is by forest humus is native, new soil and Diammonium phosphate (DAP)
Composition, and forest humus it is native, it is new soil and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) mass ratio be 8~10：35~39：1；
Step 1.3, seedling thinning is carried out to the seedling grown in seedlings nursing plate, take down excessive and too small seedling, several are educated
Seedling root covering mulch film in seed plate, builds small arched shed on seedlings nursing plate, and greenhouse is built in the base for entirely placing seedlings nursing plate,
The soil moisture in seedlings nursing plate is reached 12 DEG C~15 DEG C in one week, new talent preferably grown not grow the seed of seedling,
Temperature is too low to be caused the mold of seed and lose vitality, and soil moisture is maintained at 80%~85%, and air humidity is maintained at
60%~80%, when canopy temperature reaches more than 40 DEG C, the ventilating opening for opening greenhouse both sides is aerated cooling, when small bow
When temperature of shed reaches more than 25 DEG C, it is aeration-cooling to open the ventilating opening of small arched shed, when the soil moisture reaches more than 20 DEG C, lifts
Mulch film of the open covering on seedlings nursing plate, it is aeration-cooling, created good conditions for seedling growth；And according to normal seedbed management every seven
It carries out thinning, weeding, a moisturizing, takes down within last 27th day~the 30th day mulch film, takes down small arched shed within the 32nd day~the 35th day,
Take down greenhouse, and moisturizing within 38th day~the 40th day, soil moisture is maintained at 80%~85%.When at least 98% nursery stock no longer
Continued growth, and yellow leaf, when the Nutrition Soil in seedlings nursing plate does into soil block, start to transplant nursery stock, establish stock garden,
The line space of nursery stock is divided into two kinds of width in stock garden, and wherein wide row spacing is 110cm, and narrow row spacing is 30cm, and often go in
The spacing of adjacent nursery stock is 30cm, and every mu is colonized 3100 plants；The pinching when nursery stock is grown to 30cm~40cm, inspires young sprout, application
Aboveground vegetation part and under ground portion equilibrium principle carry out supporting root；
Step 2, the dry stage is supported, comprised the following steps that：
The rubescent branch adhesive tape bag of stalwartness, no disease and pests harm, color of the leather is chosen in the excellent maternal plant chosen from step 1.1
It is good, it is labelled, and number, the temperature for not depositing apple is placed on to carry out sand Tibetan in 0 DEG C~1 DEG C of freezer, and is adjusted in time
The temperature of sand humidity and freezer, works as the March, when weather temperature reaches 9 DEG C~11 DEG C, is transferred branch using simple bud cleft graft
It is connected in step 1.3 on the nursery stock after pinching, and according to normal farming method, carries out weeding, loosens the soil and pest and disease damage is prevented
Control work；One layer of black mulch film is covered in the ranks putting down for nursery stock, using the geotropism of root system, to fertilizer and hydrotropism, after grafting
The root of nursery stock cultivated, and cut off the taper 5cm of nursery stock tender tip, improve the circularity of seedling stem；
Step 3, support the branch stage：When the length of the terminal bud of nursery stock reaches 2cm, complex shears is carried out to the tender tip of nursery stock, cuts off 4
~5 tender tips, take down amicine, promote more young sprouts, afterwards the 7th day~the 9th day, remove away from ground 80cm or so
Seedling stem on unnecessary bud, to concentrate available nutrient, promote sprouting growth, and will logical bamboo pole righting at the top of the trunk of bending, the autumn
After point, the long tip that length is not less than 60cm is cut off, and it is 90 degree~110 degree that other treetops, which are pulled to the angle of trunk, finally
Obtain apple nursery stock.
Embodiment
Chosen in stock seed maternal plant without rot, tree body is compact and the excellent maternal plant of robust growth, in the excellent of selection
Elite seed of thousand quality in 25g~27g is filtered out in good mother's strain again, January No. 5, the elite seed sand filtered out is hidden 60
My god, after 30% seed starts to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, all seeds are seeded in a length of 51cm of chi, in a width of 27cm seedlings nursing plate, to educating
The seedling grown in seed plate carries out seedling thinning, takes down excessive and too small seedling, and carries out three-layer process hardening to several seedlings nursing plates,
Mulch film is covered to the seedling root in several seedlings nursing plates, small arched shed is built on seedlings nursing plate, is entirely placing the base of seedlings nursing plate
Greenhouse is built on ground, the soil moisture in seedlings nursing plate is reached more than 12 DEG C in one week, soil moisture is maintained at 80% or so, air
Humidity is maintained at 70% or so, and when canopy temperature reaches 40 DEG C, the ventilating opening for opening greenhouse both sides is aerated cooling, when
When temperature reaches 25 DEG C in small arched shed, it is aeration-cooling to open the ventilating opening of small arched shed, when the soil moisture reaches 20 DEG C, raises and covers
The mulch film covered on seedlings nursing plate, it is aeration-cooling；And carry out thinning, weeding, a moisturizing within every seven days according to normal seedbed management, most
Mulch film is taken down within the 30th day afterwards, takes down within the 35th day small arched shed, is taken down greenhouse, and moisturizing within the 40th day, soil moisture is maintained at 80%
Left and right, after 60 days, 98% nursery stock does not continue to grow, and yellow leaf, when the Nutrition Soil in seedlings nursing plate does into soil block, starts
Nursery stock is transplanted, establishes stock garden, the line space of nursery stock is divided into two kinds of width in stock garden, and wherein wide row spacing is
110cm, narrow row spacing are 30cm, and the spacing of adjacent nursery stock be 30cm in often going, every mu of 3100 plants of field planting, when nursery stock grow to
Pinching during 30cm~40cm, inspires young sprout, and appliable plant aerial part and under ground portion equilibrium principle carry out supporting root.
In winter, the rubescent branch of stalwartness, no disease and pests harm, color of the leather is chosen from the excellent maternal plant of selection and is wrapped with adhesive tape, is pasted
Upper label, and numbering, is placed on not deposit in the freezer that the temperature of apple is 0 DEG C and carries out sand Tibetan, and adjust in time sand humidity and
The temperature of freezer, Second Year March, when weather temperature reaches 10 DEG C, branch is grafted in the seedling after pinching using simple bud cleft graft
On wood, and according to normal farming method, weeding is carried out, loosen the soil and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control work；April 4, in nursery stock
In the ranks put down and cover one layer of black mulch film, using the geotropism of root system, to fertilizer and hydrotropism, the root of the nursery stock after grafting is carried out
Cultivate, and arrive September 10, cut off the taper 5cm of nursery stock tender tip, improve the circularity of seedling stem.
In 3rd year spring, when the length of the terminal bud of nursery stock reaches 2cm, complex shears is carried out to the tender tip of nursery stock, cuts off 4~5
Individual tender tip, takes down amicine, promotes more young sprouts, after 7 days, removes unnecessary bud in the seedling stem away from ground 80cm or so
Son, and will logical bamboo pole righting at the top of the trunk of bending, after the Autumnal Equinox, cut off the long tip of the length in more than 60cm, and by other treetops
It is 90 degree~110 degree to be pulled to the angle of trunk, finally gives apple nursery stock.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of apple nursery stock mating system, it is characterised in that specifically implement according to following steps：
Step 1, nursery stage, comprise the following steps that：
Step 1.1, chosen in stock seed maternal plant without rot, tree body is compact and the excellent maternal plant of robust growth, choosing
Excellent maternal plant in filter out elite seed again；
Step 1.2, the elite seed filtered out in step 1.1 is subjected to sand Tibetan, after 30%~50% seed starts to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally,
All seeds are seeded in seedlings nursing plate；
Step 1.3, seedling thinning and hardening are carried out to the seedling that is grown in seedlings nursing plate, when meeting at least 98% nursery stock no longer simultaneously
Continued growth, and yellow leaf, when the Nutrition Soil in seedlings nursing plate does into the condition of soil block, start to transplant nursery stock, establish
Stock garden, the pinching when nursery stock is grown to 30cm~40cm；
Step 2, the dry stage is supported, comprised the following steps that：
The rubescent branch of stalwartness, no disease and pests harm, color of the leather is chosen in the excellent maternal plant chosen from step 1.1 and carries out freezer sand Tibetan,
Work as the March, when weather temperature reaches 9 DEG C~11 DEG C, grafted in branch in step 1.3 after pinching using simple bud cleft graft
On nursery stock, the root of the nursery stock after grafting is cultivated, and cuts off the tender tip of nursery stock；
Step 3, support the branch stage：When the length of the terminal bud of nursery stock reaches 2cm, complex shears is carried out to the tender tip of nursery stock, the afterwards the 7th
My god~the 9th day, remove unnecessary twig, and by righting at the top of the trunk of bending, after the Autumnal Equinox, cut off the length that length is 60cm~80cm
The tip, and it is 90 degree~110 degree that other treetops, which are pulled to the angle of trunk, finally gives apple nursery stock.
A kind of 2. apple nursery stock mating system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that excellent maternal plant in the step 1.1
Selection be according to sample plot method, the height of tree is more than the 15% of the mean stand height, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and is more than the 50% of mean DBH increment, and more than 20 years are greatly
Set the maternal plant that rot infection rate is 0%.
A kind of 3. apple nursery stock mating system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the good species in the step 1.1
Son is seed of thousand quality in 25g~27g.
4. a kind of apple nursery stock mating system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that to good species in the step 1.2
The sand Tibetan time of son is at least 60 days.
5. a kind of apple nursery stock mating system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that to seedlings nursing plate in the step 1.2
A length of 3cm~the 5cm of single cave of seed is sowed, a width of 3cm~5cm, depth is 6cm~8cm.
A kind of 6. apple nursery stock mating system as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that Nutrition Soil in the seedlings nursing plate by
Forest humus is native, new soil and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) composition, and the forest humus is native, the mass ratio of new soil and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) is 8
~10：35~39：1.
A kind of 7. apple nursery stock mating system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the tool of hardening in the step 1.3
Body operating process is as follows：
Mulch film is covered to the seedling root in several seedlings nursing plates, small arched shed is built on seedlings nursing plate, is entirely placing seedlings nursing plate
Base build greenhouse, the soil moisture in seedlings nursing plate is reached 12 DEG C~15 DEG C, soil moisture is maintained at 80%~85%, empty
Air humidity degree is maintained at 60%~80%, and when canopy temperature reaches more than 40 DEG C, the ventilating opening for opening greenhouse both sides is led to
Wind cools, and when temperature reaches more than 25 DEG C in small arched shed, it is aeration-cooling to open the ventilating opening of small arched shed, when the soil moisture reaches
At more than 20 DEG C, the mulch film being covered on seedlings nursing plate is raised, it is aeration-cooling, and every seven days carry out thinning, weeding, a moisturizing,
Mulch film, small arched shed and greenhouse, and moisturizing are finally taken down successively, soil moisture is maintained at 80%~85%.
A kind of 8. apple nursery stock mating system as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the mulch film the 27th day~the 30th day
Take down, small arched shed takes down for the 32nd day~the 35th day, and greenhouse takes down for the 38th day~the 40th day.
9. a kind of apple nursery stock mating system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in the stock garden of the step 1.3
The line space of nursery stock is divided into two kinds of width, and wherein wide row spacing is 110cm, and narrow row spacing is 30cm, and often go in adjacent nursery stock
Spacing be 30cm, every mu is colonized 3100 plants.
A kind of 10. apple nursery stock mating system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the temperature of ice house in the step 2
For 0 DEG C~1 DEG C, the humidity of sand is 80%~85%.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710930204.9A CN107548858B (en) | 2017-10-09 | 2017-10-09 | Apple seedling breeding method |
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| CN201710930204.9A CN107548858B (en) | 2017-10-09 | 2017-10-09 | Apple seedling breeding method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112166919A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2021-01-05 | 西安咸恒农业科技有限公司 | Method for breeding salty constant green stock seedlings by using non-woven bag |
| CN113906859A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-11 | 乌拉特前旗尚鸿林果科技有限公司 | Apple seedling breeding method |
-
2017
- 2017-10-09 CN CN201710930204.9A patent/CN107548858B/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 梁建军等: "苹果优质苗木培育技术", 《果农之友》 * |
| 陈金兴等: "苹果地膜小拱棚快速育苗技术", 《新疆林业》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112166919A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2021-01-05 | 西安咸恒农业科技有限公司 | Method for breeding salty constant green stock seedlings by using non-woven bag |
| CN113906859A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-11 | 乌拉特前旗尚鸿林果科技有限公司 | Apple seedling breeding method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN107548858B (en) | 2021-01-26 |
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Effective date of registration: 20220601 Address after: 716000 north side of Hebin Road, dangwan street, Yichuan County, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province Patentee after: Shaanxi fruit industry group Yichuan Co.,Ltd. Address before: 716200 No.4, building 1, family area, fruit industry bureau, group 3, dangwan community, sub district office, Yichuan County, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province Patentee before: Zhao Pingzhan |