CN110122297A - A kind of two sections of container seedling culture methods of apocarya - Google Patents

A kind of two sections of container seedling culture methods of apocarya Download PDF

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CN110122297A
CN110122297A CN201910362429.8A CN201910362429A CN110122297A CN 110122297 A CN110122297 A CN 110122297A CN 201910362429 A CN201910362429 A CN 201910362429A CN 110122297 A CN110122297 A CN 110122297A
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container
seedlings
small container
pecan
small
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常君
任华东
郑文海
吴雷
姚小华
张成才
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Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/15Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/23Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/28Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A01G31/02Special apparatus therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • A01G9/029Receptacles for seedlings
    • A01G9/0293Seed or shoot receptacles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种薄壳山核桃两段容器育苗方法,属于农业种植技术领域,本发明的育苗方法包括小容器育苗阶段和大容器育苗阶段,所述小容器育苗阶段为薄壳山核桃种子点播在小容器中进行育苗,所述大容器育苗阶段为待小容器中的薄壳山核桃苗木展叶,高度生长到15cm~20cm时将整个小容器放置于大容器内继续进行育苗。本发明可大大缩短薄壳山核桃良种苗木的培育周期,改善苗木根系质量,提高薄壳山核桃良种苗木造林成活率和保存率。

The invention relates to a two-stage container seedling raising method for pecan shells, belonging to the technical field of agricultural planting. The seedling raising method includes a small container seedling raising stage and a large container seedling raising stage, wherein the small container seedling raising stage is the on-demand seeding of pecan seedlings The seedlings are raised in a small container. The large container seedling stage is to spread the leaves of the hickory seedlings in the small container. When the height grows to 15cm-20cm, the whole small container is placed in the large container to continue seedling raising. The invention can greatly shorten the cultivating period of pecan seedlings, improve the quality of the root system of the seedlings, and increase the survival rate and preservation rate of the pecan seedlings for afforestation.

Description

一种薄壳山核桃两段容器育苗方法A kind of shell pecan two-stage container seedling raising method

技术领域technical field

本发明属于农业种植技术领域,涉及一种薄壳山核桃两段容器育苗方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and relates to a two-stage container seedling raising method of pecan.

背景技术Background technique

薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoensis)又名美国山核桃,为胡桃科(Julandaceae)山核桃属(Carya)的一种落叶乔木,是世界著名的干果油料树种之一,也是良好的材用和庭院绿化树种。薄壳山核桃果仁色美味香,无涩味,营养丰富,含对人体有益的各种氨基酸,其含量比油橄榄高,还富含维生素B1、B2,因此备受人们的喜爱。我国于19世纪末开始引种薄壳山核桃,目前在我国浙江、云南、安徽、江苏等13个省(直辖市)均有引种栽培。此外薄壳山核桃树干通直,树体高大、树姿优美,也是较好的平原沿海绿化、农田林网、“四旁”种植树种,其木材广泛用于军工、高档家具等。Carya illinoensis, also known as American pecan, is a deciduous tree of the genus Carya of the family Julandaceae. species. Thin-shelled pecan nuts are delicious and fragrant, without astringency, rich in nutrients, and contain various amino acids that are beneficial to the human body. my country began to introduce hickory pecans at the end of the 19th century, and currently it has been introduced and cultivated in 13 provinces (municipalities) including Zhejiang, Yunnan, Anhui, and Jiangsu. In addition, the pecan pecan has a straight trunk, tall tree body and beautiful tree appearance. It is also a good tree species for plain coastal greening, farmland forest network, and "four sides" planting. Its wood is widely used in military industry and high-end furniture.

薄壳山核桃虽引入我国百年之久,但由于其育种周期长,良种评价选育工作进度缓慢、苗木扩繁技术相对落后、丰产栽培措施不足等诸多因素,限制了薄壳山核桃产业在我国的发展。特别是苗木扩繁技术,目前虽然选育出了适宜我国发展的少量良种,但苗木扩繁技术相对薄弱。目前薄壳山核桃在我国栽培面积已经超过70万亩,特别是在浙江、云南、江苏、和安徽等省份均有大面积发展,由于良种种苗供应不足、育苗良莠不齐,造成薄壳山核桃新造林为低效林,造林失败的案例时有发生,Although Hickory Hickory has been introduced into my country for a hundred years, due to its long breeding cycle, slow progress in the evaluation and selection of fine varieties, relatively backward seedling propagation technology, and insufficient high-yield cultivation measures, many factors have limited the Hickory Hickory industry in my country. development of. In particular, seedling propagation technology, although a small number of good varieties suitable for my country's development have been bred, the seedling propagation technology is relatively weak. At present, the cultivation area of pecan in my country has exceeded 700,000 mu, especially in Zhejiang, Yunnan, Jiangsu, and Anhui provinces. Afforestation is inefficient, and cases of afforestation failures occur from time to time.

目前我国薄壳山核桃产业良种苗木扩繁多采用裸根苗培育,即采用薄壳山核桃种子,在裸露大田里播种,达到可嫁接标准后,采用薄壳山核桃良种穗条进行嫁接进而培育薄壳山核桃良种苗木。采用裸根苗培育方法培育出的苗木侧须根较少,不仅影响苗木质量,同时还影响苗木定植的成活率和保存率,且存在缓苗期;此外由于薄壳山核桃接穗较粗,砧木播种后第一年生长量较小,当年无法嫁接,需培育2年或以上才能用于生产上嫁接,培育周期较长,直接影响了薄壳山核桃良种苗木的扩繁周期,限制了薄壳山核桃产业的发展。At present, the seedlings of pecan seedlings in my country's pecan industry are mostly cultivated with bare root seedlings, that is, pecan seeds are used and sown in bare fields. Pecan seedlings. The seedlings cultivated by the bare-root seedling cultivation method have fewer lateral fibrous roots, which not only affects the quality of the seedlings, but also affects the survival rate and preservation rate of the seedlings colonization, and there is a slow seedling period; The growth amount is small in the first year, and it cannot be grafted in that year. It needs to be cultivated for 2 years or more before it can be used for grafting in production. The cultivation cycle is long, which directly affects the propagation cycle of the hickory seedlings and limits the hickory industry. development of.

容器育苗在薄壳山核桃种苗培育中目前有少量应用,即采用薄壳山核桃种子,直接播种于容器中或种子经催芽后播种于容器中,培育2年达到可嫁接标准后,采用薄壳山核桃良种穗条进行嫁接进而培育薄壳山核桃良种苗木。容器育苗方法培育的薄壳山核桃苗木根系较裸根苗培育方法有较好改善,但是其砧木培育仍需要长达2年或以上时间,也极大地的影响了薄壳山核桃良种苗木的培育周期,且圃地占用时间上,育苗成本高。Container seedlings have a small amount of applications in the cultivation of pecan seedlings, that is, pecan seeds are used, which are directly sown in the container or the seeds are sown in the container after germination. The ear strips of the hickory varieties are grafted to cultivate the hickory hickory seedlings. The root system of the hickory seedlings cultivated by the container seedling method is better than that of the bare root seedling cultivation method, but its rootstock cultivation still needs up to 2 years or more time, which also greatly affects the cultivation cycle of hickory seedlings. , and the nursery takes up time, and the cost of raising seedlings is high.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明的目的是针对现有技术存在的上述问题,提出了一种薄壳山核桃两段容器育苗方法,可大大缩短薄壳山核桃良种苗木的培育周期,改善苗木根系质量,提高薄壳山核桃良种苗木造林成活率和保存率。The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, and proposes a two-stage container seedling raising method for Hickory spp The survival rate and preservation rate of walnut seedlings for afforestation.

本发明的目的可通过下列技术方案来实现:The object of the present invention can be realized through the following technical solutions:

一种薄壳山核桃两段容器育苗方法,所述育苗方法包括小容器育苗阶段和大容器育苗阶段,A method for raising seedlings in two-stage containers of pecan crustaceans, the method for raising seedlings comprises a stage of raising seedlings in small containers and a stage of raising seedlings in large containers,

所述小容器育苗阶段为薄壳山核桃种子点播在小容器中进行育苗,The seedling-raising stage of the small container is that the pecan seeds are seeded on demand in the small container to raise seedlings,

所述大容器育苗阶段为待小容器中的薄壳山核桃苗木展叶,高度生长到15cm~20cm时将整个小容器放置于大容器内继续进行育苗。The stage of raising seedlings in the large container is to spread the leaves of the hickory seedlings in the small container, and when the height grows to 15cm-20cm, the whole small container is placed in the large container to continue seedling raising.

本发明在传统的一段式大容器育苗法之前增加一个小容器育苗阶段,在移栽大容器的过程中,可将小容器整个放入大容器中,从而可以不伤及薄壳山核桃苗木根系及其生长环境,因此也没有缓苗的过程,可大大缩短薄壳山核桃砧木育苗周期,并增加薄壳山核桃根系侧须根。The invention adds a small container seedling raising stage before the traditional one-stage large container seedling raising method. During the process of transplanting the large container, the whole small container can be put into the large container, so that the root system of the pecan seedlings can not be damaged. and its growth environment, so there is no process of slowing the seedlings, which can greatly shorten the seedling raising period of the rootstock of pecan pecans, and increase the lateral fibrous roots of the root system of pecan pecans.

作为优选,所述薄壳山核桃种子点播在小容器中前经过催芽并先剪去1/4~1/2长度胚根,所述催芽在2月至3月初进行。Preferably, the pecan seeds are pre-germinated and 1/4-1/2 of the length of the radicle is cut off before the pecan seeds are sown on demand in a small container, and the pre-germination is carried out from February to early March.

点播前剪短胚根的作用是去除根尖的顶端优势,从而促进侧根的生长,是增加侧须根的前提。The effect of shortening the radicle before sowing is to remove the apical dominance of the root tip, thereby promoting the growth of lateral roots, which is the premise of increasing lateral fibrous roots.

作为优选,所述小容器为无底容器。Preferably, the small container is a bottomless container.

本发明采用无底容器,方便小容器中的根系向大容器中生长。The invention adopts a bottomless container, which facilitates the growth of the root system in the small container into the large container.

作为优选,所述小容器和大容器均由无纺布制成。Preferably, both the small container and the large container are made of non-woven fabrics.

本发明小容器和大容器的材质均采用无纺布,制成的容器具有良好透气性,有利于根部生长,且污染小、可降解、价廉。较传统的黑色塑料容器、空气截根容器等,采用无纺布容器育苗根系有较好改善,如图9所示。The materials of the small container and the large container of the present invention are both non-woven fabrics, and the prepared containers have good air permeability, are beneficial to the growth of roots, have little pollution, are degradable, and are inexpensive. Compared with traditional black plastic containers, air cutting containers, etc., the use of non-woven containers for seedling root system has better improvement, as shown in Figure 9.

作为优选,所述小容器的直径为4cm~6cm,高度为10cm~12cm。Preferably, the diameter of the small container is 4cm-6cm, and the height is 10cm-12cm.

作为优选,所述大容器的直径为25cm~28cm,高度为35cm~40cm。Preferably, the diameter of the large container is 25cm-28cm, and the height is 35cm-40cm.

薄壳山核桃的种子宽度介于1.24cm~4.14cm,长度介于2.39cm~6.99cm之间,一般生产上多选择在宽度2cm~~5cm之间的种子进行种苗培育,一是保障种苗的发芽率和种苗质量,二是可以节约育苗成本。本发明将小容器的尺寸控制在上述范围内,在控制培育成本的同时,能够保证种子在小容器内的生长空间,同时保证小容器放置于大容器后,无底小容器中的种苗根系能在大容器下半部分顺利生长。The seed width of pecan pecan is between 1.24cm and 4.14cm, and the length is between 2.39cm and 6.99cm. Generally, seeds with a width between 2cm and 5cm are selected for seedling cultivation. One is to protect the seeds. The germination rate of the seedlings and the quality of the seedlings can save the cost of raising seedlings. The present invention controls the size of the small container within the above-mentioned range, while controlling the cultivation cost, it can ensure the growth space of the seeds in the small container, and at the same time ensure that after the small container is placed in the large container, the root system of the seedling in the bottomless small container can be ensured. It grows well in the lower part of a large container.

本发明将大容器的尺寸控制在上述范围内,其原因在于,薄壳山核桃为深根性树种,大容器如果规格选择太小,不足以满足其根系生长的空间需求,出现根系盘根、窝根的状况,如图8所示,影响苗木培育质量,如果大容器高度太高,也会造成因基质放置太多、容器太重等诸多因素造成育苗成本、苗木管理和后期苗木出圃等的不变和成本提升。The present invention controls the size of the large container within the above-mentioned range. The reason is that the pecan is a deep-rooted tree species. If the size of the large container is too small, it is not enough to meet the space requirements for the growth of its root system. The condition of the roots, as shown in Figure 8, affects the quality of seedling cultivation. If the height of the large container is too high, it will also cause inconsistencies in the cost of seedlings, the management of seedlings, and the emergence of seedlings in the later stage due to many factors such as placing too many substrates, and the container is too heavy. changes and cost increases.

作为优选,所述小容器中装有第一基质土,所述第一基质土由重量比为5:(2~4):(1~3)的泥炭、珍珠岩、蛭石混合而成。Preferably, the small container is provided with a first matrix soil, and the first matrix soil is formed by mixing peat, perlite and vermiculite in a weight ratio of 5:(2-4):(1-3).

本发明通过合理配伍,小容器中第一基质土的原料组成,有效促进了薄壳山核桃的生长。其中,泥炭提供薄壳山核桃幼苗生长所需养分,珍珠岩和蛭石为第一基质土提供孔隙度,为根部提供更多的生长空间。同时该基质土质量较轻,极大减轻了小容器的重量,属轻基质培育,便于后续小容器苗木的搬运和在大容器中的栽植。The present invention effectively promotes the growth of pecan pecans through rational compatibility and composition of the raw materials of the first matrix soil in the small container. Among them, peat provides the nutrients needed for the growth of pecan seedlings, and perlite and vermiculite provide porosity for the first matrix soil and provide more growth space for the roots. At the same time, the substrate soil is light in weight, greatly reduces the weight of the small container, is a light substrate cultivation, and facilitates the subsequent transportation of the seedlings in the small container and the planting in the large container.

作为优选,所述大容器中装有第二基质土,所述第二基质土包括重量比为6:(1~1.5):(3~2.5)的土壤、腐熟有机肥和农林废弃物,所述土壤包括耕作土、塘泥的一种或两种,所述农林废弃物包括园林废弃物、菌渣的一种或两种,所述园林废弃物包括枯枝落叶、树木与灌木剪枝。Preferably, the large container is equipped with a second base soil, and the second base soil includes soil, decomposed organic fertilizer and agricultural and forestry waste in a weight ratio of 6:(1-1.5):(3-2.5). The soil includes one or both of cultivated soil and pond mud, the agricultural and forestry waste includes one or both of garden waste and fungus residue, and the garden waste includes litter, tree and shrub pruning.

本发明通过合理配制大容器中第二基质土的原料组成,有效促进了薄壳山核桃的生长。由于薄壳山核桃嫁接成活后生长较快,因此大容器基质配方不适宜采用轻基质配方,为了苗木质量和后期管理方便,也不宜全部采用耕作土或塘泥。本发明的第二基质土中,耕作土、塘泥不仅可以支撑嫁接成活后薄壳山核桃生长所需要的养分,同时也能保持嫁接后的薄壳山核桃良种苗木不会出现倒伏等状况,农林废弃物和园林废弃物的使用,不仅可以做到废物利用,有利于环境保护,同时也为第二基质土提供孔隙度,减轻大容器重量,从而改善薄壳山核桃的根部生长环境和方便后续管理。The invention effectively promotes the growth of pecan husk by rationally preparing the raw material composition of the second matrix soil in the large container. Due to the rapid growth of pecan husk after grafting and survival, it is not suitable to use a light matrix formula for the large container matrix formula. For the convenience of seedling quality and later management, it is not suitable to use all cultivated soil or pond mud. In the second matrix soil of the present invention, the cultivated soil and pond mud can not only support the nutrients required for the growth of the pecans after the grafting survives, but also keep the good seedlings of the pecans after the grafting from lodging. The use of agricultural and forestry wastes and garden wastes can not only achieve waste utilization and be beneficial to environmental protection, but also provide porosity for the second matrix soil and reduce the weight of large containers, thereby improving the root growth environment and convenience of pecans. Follow-up management.

作为优选,所述大容器育苗阶段在非雨天每天早晚各滴灌1次透水,6月~7月生长期每18d~22d追施一次等比复合肥(N:P:K=15:15:15)10g~20g/容器,8月~9月每14d~16d追施一次高钾有机无机复混肥(N:P:K=15:5:20)10g~20g/容器。Preferably, the large container seedling stage is drip irrigation once a day in the morning and evening in non-rainy days, and an equal ratio compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) is topdressed every 18d to 22d in the growth period from June to July. ) 10g~20g/container, topdress with high potassium organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:5:20) 10g~20g/container every 14d~16d from August to September.

现有的薄壳山核桃容器育苗一般是直接播种于容器中或种子经催芽后播种于容器中,培育达到可嫁接标准后,采用薄壳山核桃良种穗条进行嫁接进而培育薄壳山核桃良种苗木,这种方法也需要2年或更长的砧木培育时间。Existing shell pecan container seedlings are generally directly sown in the container or seeds are sown in the container after germination, and after the cultivation reaches the grafting standard, the shell pecan excellent variety ear strips are used to graft and then cultivate the thin shell hickory variety. For seedlings, this method also requires 2 years or more of rootstock cultivation time.

本发明采用两段容器育苗法进行薄壳山核桃良种苗木培育,可以将育苗周期缩短1年,还可解决苗木根系侧须根少的问题,采用本发明方法培育的苗木,能有效改善薄壳山核桃果园的造林成活率和保存率,具有较好的经济效益和社会效益。The invention adopts the two-stage container seedling raising method to cultivate the seedlings of Hickory hickory seeds, which can shorten the seedling raising period by one year, and can also solve the problem of fewer lateral fibrous roots of the seedling roots. The seedlings cultivated by the method of the invention can effectively improve the seedlings The afforestation survival rate and preservation rate of walnut orchards have good economic and social benefits.

采用本发明的两段容器育苗法培育的薄壳山核桃良种苗木,种子播种当年95%以上的砧木基部粗度可达0.8cm以上,即播种一年内就可作为砧木嫁接使用,较之将种子直接播种于大田或大容器中需培育2年及以上的时间才能达到嫁接要求,育苗周期可直接缩短1年。此外采用本发明两段容器育苗法培育的苗木,其苗木根系发达,形成一个根团,造林成活率稳定在95%以上。而裸根苗造林成活率不稳定,视苗木质量而定,一般在30%~85%之间。传统容器苗造林成活率稳定在90%以上。而且本发明的两段容器育苗法培育的薄壳山核桃良种苗木定植后几乎没有缓苗期,当年枝条生长长度可达60cm~150cm,而裸根苗当年造林枝条生长量一般在5cm~40cm之间。For the pecan seedlings cultivated by the two-stage container seedling raising method of the present invention, more than 95% of the rootstock bases in the year of seed sowing can reach more than 0.8 cm in diameter, that is, they can be used as rootstocks for grafting within one year of sowing. Direct sowing in the field or large container requires 2 years or more of cultivation to meet the grafting requirements, and the seedling cycle can be directly shortened by 1 year. In addition, the seedlings cultivated by the two-stage container seedling raising method of the present invention have developed root systems and form a root mass, and the survival rate of afforestation is stable above 95%. However, the survival rate of bare root seedlings is not stable, depending on the quality of seedlings, generally between 30% and 85%. The survival rate of traditional container seedlings afforestation is stable above 90%. Moreover, after the two-stage container seedling raising method of the present invention cultivates the hickory seedlings with improved seedlings, there is almost no slow seedling stage, and the growth length of the branches in the current year can reach 60cm-150cm, and the growth of the bare-root seedlings in the current year is generally between 5cm and 40cm. .

本发明适用于薄壳山核桃良种苗木培育,不仅可以提高育苗企业的育苗效率,减少育苗成本,增加经济收入,由于造林成活率的提高,可以稳定和促进薄壳山核桃种植户发展薄壳山核桃的热情,促进我国薄壳山核桃产业健康发展。The invention is suitable for cultivating high-quality seedlings of hickory, not only can improve the seedling-raising efficiency of seedling enterprises, reduce the cost of raising seedlings, and increase economic income, and because of the improvement of the survival rate of afforestation, it can stabilize and promote the development of hickory growers of hickory The enthusiasm for walnuts promotes the healthy development of my country's pecan industry.

与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:采用本发明的两段容器育苗法,可以较传统的裸根苗育苗法和容器育苗法≥2年的砧木培育周期缩短1年,大大缩短了薄壳山核桃良种苗木培育周期,且可以显著改善苗木根系质量,提高薄壳山核桃良种苗木造林成活率和保存率,对于推动薄壳山核桃产业在我国规模化发展意义重大。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: by adopting the two-stage container seedling raising method of the present invention, the rootstock cultivation period of ≥2 years can be shortened by 1 year compared with the traditional bare root seedling raising method and the container seedling raising method, which greatly shortens the time. The cultivation cycle of the improved seedlings of hickory pecans can significantly improve the quality of the root system of the seedlings, and the survival rate and preservation rate of the improved seedlings of hickory hickory in afforestation, which is of great significance for promoting the large-scale development of the hickory hickory industry in my country.

说明书附图Instruction drawings

图1为催芽后的薄壳山核桃种子。Figure 1 shows the pecan seeds after priming.

图2为剪胚根后和未剪胚根的薄壳山核桃种子的对比图。Figure 2 is a comparison diagram of pecan seeds with and without radicle trimmed.

图3为圃地内无底小容器中薄壳山核桃苗状图。Figure 3 is a picture of pecan seedlings in a small bottomless container in the nursery.

图4为大容器内已成活薄壳山核桃苗木状图。Figure 4 is a picture of the husk pecan seedlings that have survived in a large container.

图5为薄壳山核桃裸根苗根系状图。Figure 5 is a diagram of the root system of the bare root seedlings of pecan crustaceans.

图6为本发明实施例一方法培育的薄壳山核桃根系状图一。FIG. 6 is a diagram 1 of the root system of Hickory pecans cultivated by the method of the embodiment of the present invention.

图7为本发明实施例一方法培育的薄壳山核桃根系状图二。FIG. 7 is a second view of the root system of Hickory pecans cultivated by the method in the first embodiment of the present invention.

图8为采用小于本发明尺寸的大容器进行培育的薄壳山核桃根系盘根状图。Figure 8 is a diagram of the root system of Hickory pecans grown in a large container smaller than the size of the present invention.

图9从左往右依次为采用普通黑色塑料容器、空气截根容器和无纺布容器进行培育的薄壳山核桃根系状图。Fig. 9 is a graph showing the root system of pecan pecans cultivated in a common black plastic container, an air cutting container and a non-woven container in order from left to right.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下是本发明的具体实施例,对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述,但本发明并不限于这些实施例。The following are specific embodiments of the present invention to further describe the technical solutions of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

实施例1Example 1

本实施例中薄壳山核桃两段容器育苗方法,包括以下步骤:In the present embodiment, the method for raising seedlings in two-stage containers of pecan shells includes the following steps:

将沙藏或冷库贮藏的薄壳山核桃种子,在2月中旬进行催芽待用,催芽后的薄壳山核桃种子如图1所示;The pecan seeds stored in the sand or cold storage are primed for germination in mid-February, and the pecan seeds after priming are shown in Figure 1;

采用无纺布制备直径5.5cm、高度10cm的无底小容器和直径为26cm、高度为38cm的大容器;Use non-woven fabric to prepare a bottomless small container with a diameter of 5.5cm and a height of 10cm and a large container with a diameter of 26cm and a height of 38cm;

将重量比为5:3:2的泥炭、珍珠岩和蛭石充分混合后装入无底小容器中,将催芽后的薄壳山核桃种子剪去1/3长度的胚根,如图2所示为剪胚根后和未剪胚根的薄壳山核桃种子的对比图,然后点播在无底小容器中;Mix peat, perlite and vermiculite in a weight ratio of 5:3:2 and put them into a small bottomless container. Cut off 1/3 of the radicle from the germinated pecan seeds, as shown in Figure 2 Shown is a comparison of pecan seeds with and without radicle trimmed, then seeded on-demand in small bottomless containers;

将小容器装袋,摆放于圃地内进行常规管理,如图3所示为圃地内无底小容器中薄壳山核桃苗状;The small container is bagged and placed in the garden for routine management. As shown in Figure 3, it is in the shape of a shell pecan seedling in a bottomless small container in the garden;

将重量比为6:1.3:2.7的耕作土、腐熟有机肥、菌渣混匀后装入大容器中;Mix the tillage soil, decomposed organic fertilizer and fungus residue with a weight ratio of 6:1.3:2.7 into a large container;

待小容器中苗木展叶,高度生长到17cm将小容器整个放置于大容器内,整齐摆放于圃地进行育苗,如图4所示为移植于大容器内已成活薄壳山核桃苗木状;视容器基质墒情确定,在非雨天每天早晚各滴灌1次透水,6月~7月生长期每20d追施一次等比复合肥(N:P:K=15:15:15)16g/容器,8月~9月每15d追施一次高钾有机无机复混肥(N:P:K=15:5:20)15g/容器。When the seedlings in the small container spread their leaves and grow to a height of 17cm, place the entire small container in the large container, and place them neatly in the nursery for seedling cultivation. As shown in Figure 4, it is transplanted into the large container and has survived the shape of a thin-shelled hickory seedling. ; Depending on the moisture content of the container substrate, drip irrigation once a day in the morning and evening in non-rainy days, and topdressing once every 20d in the growing period from June to July. , From August to September, apply high potassium organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:5:20) 15g/container every 15d.

如图5所示为薄壳山核桃裸根苗根系状图,可见其主根发达,须根较少,如图6和图7所示为实施例两段容器育苗法培育的薄壳山核桃根系状图,可见其侧须根发达。As shown in Figure 5, it is the root diagram of the bare root seedlings of pecan shell, it can be seen that its main root is developed, and the fibrous roots are few, as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 are the root diagrams of the pecan pecans cultivated by the two-stage container seedling method of the embodiment , it can be seen that its lateral fibrous roots are developed.

实施例2Example 2

本实施例中薄壳山核桃两段容器育苗方法,包括以下步骤:In the present embodiment, the method for raising seedlings in two-stage containers of pecan shells includes the following steps:

将沙藏或冷库贮藏的薄壳山核桃种子,在2月下旬进行催芽待用;The pecan seeds stored in the sand or cold storage should be primed for germination in late February;

采用无纺布制备直径6cm、高度12cm的无底小容器和直径为25cm、高度为35cm的大容器;Use non-woven fabric to prepare a bottomless small container with a diameter of 6 cm and a height of 12 cm and a large container with a diameter of 25 cm and a height of 35 cm;

将重量比为5:2:3的泥炭、珍珠岩和蛭石充分混合后装入无底小容器中,将催芽后的薄壳山核桃种子剪去1/4长度的胚根,然后点播在无底小容器中;The peat, perlite and vermiculite in a weight ratio of 5:2:3 were thoroughly mixed and put into a small bottomless container. in a small bottomless container;

将小容器装袋,摆放于圃地内进行常规管理;Pack small containers into bags and place them in the nursery for routine management;

将重量比为6:1:2.5的塘泥、腐熟有机肥、菌渣混匀后装入大容器中;The pond mud, decomposed organic fertilizer and fungus residue with a weight ratio of 6:1:2.5 are mixed and put into a large container;

待小容器中苗木展叶,高度生长到15cm将小容器整个放置于大容器内,整齐摆放于圃地进行育苗;视容器基质墒情确定,在非雨天每天早晚各滴灌1次透水,6月~7月生长期每18d追施一次等比复合肥(N:P:K=15:15:15)10g/容器,8月~9月每14d追施一次高钾有机无机复混肥(N:P:K=15:5:20)10g/容器。When the seedlings in the small container spread their leaves and grow to a height of 15cm, place the whole small container in the large container, and place it neatly in the nursery for seedling cultivation; depending on the moisture content of the container substrate, drip irrigation once a day in the morning and evening in non-rainy days, and in June During the growth period from July to July, the same ratio compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) 10g/container was topdressed every 18d, and the high-potassium organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (N :P:K=15:5:20) 10g/container.

实施例3Example 3

本实施例中薄壳山核桃两段容器育苗方法,包括以下步骤:In the present embodiment, the method for raising seedlings in two-stage containers of pecan shells includes the following steps:

将沙藏或冷库贮藏的薄壳山核桃种子,在3月初,进行催芽待用;The shell pecan seeds stored in the sand or cold storage should be primed for germination in early March;

采用无纺布制备直径4cm、高度10cm的无底小容器和直径为28cm、高度为40cm的大容器;Use non-woven fabric to prepare a bottomless small container with a diameter of 4cm and a height of 10cm and a large container with a diameter of 28cm and a height of 40cm;

将重量比为5:4:1的泥炭、珍珠岩和蛭石充分混合后装入无底小容器中,将催芽后的薄壳山核桃种子剪去1/2长度的胚根,然后点播在无底小容器中;The peat, perlite and vermiculite in a weight ratio of 5:4:1 were thoroughly mixed and put into a small bottomless container. in a small bottomless container;

将小容器装袋,摆放于圃地内进行常规管理;Pack small containers into bags and place them in the nursery for routine management;

将重量比为6:1.5:3的耕作土、腐熟有机肥、园林废弃物(枯枝落叶、树木、灌木剪枝等)混匀后装入大容器中;Mix the tillage soil, decomposed organic fertilizer, garden waste (litter, tree, shrub pruning, etc.) with a weight ratio of 6:1.5:3 and put it into a large container;

待小容器中苗木展叶,高度生长到20cm将小容器整个放置于大容器内,整齐摆放于圃地进行育苗;视容器基质墒情确定,在非雨天每天早晚各滴灌1次透水,6月~7月生长期每22d追施一次等比复合肥(N:P:K=15:15:15)20g/容器,8月~9月每16d追施一次高钾有机无机复混肥(N:P:K=15:5:20)20g/容器。When the seedlings in the small container spread their leaves and grow to a height of 20cm, place the whole small container in the large container and place them neatly in the nursery for seedling cultivation; depending on the moisture content of the container substrate, drip irrigation once a day in the morning and evening in non-rainy days, and in June During the growth period from July to July, the same ratio compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) 20g/container was topdressed every 22d, and the high-potassium organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (N :P:K=15:5:20) 20g/container.

综上所述,本发明的育苗方法不仅可以缩短薄壳山核桃良种育苗周期,还能极大地提高良种苗木质量,提高造林成活率,对我国薄壳山核桃产业健康发展意义重大。To sum up, the seedling raising method of the present invention can not only shorten the seedling raising period of the hickory seedlings, but also greatly improve the quality of the seedlings and the survival rate of afforestation, which is of great significance to the healthy development of the hickory hickory industry in my country.

本文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明精神作举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains can make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or substitute in similar manners, but will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or go beyond the definitions of the appended claims range.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of two sections of container seedling culture methods of apocarya, which is characterized in that the method for culturing seedlings includes small container nursery rank Section and bulk container nursery stage,
The small container nursery stage is that the program request of apocarya seed carries out nursery in small container,
The bulk container nursery stage is to the apocarya nursery stock lamina in small container, when highly growing into 15cm~20cm Entire small container is placed in bulk container and continues nursery.
2. method for culturing seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the apocarya seed program request is in small container Preceding to pass through vernalization and first cut off 1/4~1/2 length radicle, the vernalization is in progress at the beginning of 2 months to 3 months.
3. method for culturing seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the small container is bottomless container.
4. method for culturing seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the diameter of the small container is 4cm~6cm, height For 10cm~12cm.
5. method for culturing seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the diameter of the bulk container is 25cm~28cm, high Degree is 35cm~40cm.
6. method for culturing seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first substrate soil is housed in the small container, it is described First substrate soil is 5:(2~4 by weight ratio): peat, perlite, the vermiculite of (1~3) mix.
7. method for culturing seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the second substrate soil is housed in the bulk container, it is described Second substrate soil includes that weight ratio is 6:(1~1.5): soil, decomposed manure and the agriculture and forestry organic waste material of (3~2.5), the soil Earth includes the one or two of plantation soil, pond sludge, and the agriculture and forestry organic waste material includes garden waste, the one or two of bacteria residue, The garden waste includes dry branches and fallen leaves, trees and shrub beta pruning.
8. method for culturing seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the bulk container nursery stage is early daily in the non-rainy day Evening each trickle irrigation 1 time permeable, and it is inferior than compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) that June~growth period in July every 18d~22d imposes one 10g~20g/ container, the every 14d~16d of August~September impose primary high potassium compound organic and inorganic fertilizer (N:P:K=15:5:20) 10g ~20g/ container.
CN201910362429.8A 2019-04-30 2019-04-30 A kind of two sections of container seedling culture methods of apocarya Pending CN110122297A (en)

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Cited By (8)

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CN110367025A (en) * 2019-08-19 2019-10-25 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 A kind of rapid high yield and the strong disease-free container seedlings implantation methods of citrus of disease resistance
CN112314304A (en) * 2020-11-02 2021-02-05 杭州长林园艺有限公司 Carya illinoensis seedling raising method
CN112314257A (en) * 2020-11-02 2021-02-05 杭州长林园艺有限公司 Nutmeg seedling raising method and seedling raising container
CN112470898A (en) * 2020-10-21 2021-03-12 江苏省林业科学研究院 Low-cost light-matrix container seedling cultivation method for apocarya
CN113981125A (en) * 2021-11-04 2022-01-28 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 Molecular marker of apocarya variety Creek and application thereof
CN115024152A (en) * 2022-08-03 2022-09-09 厉在容 Multi-matrix semi-soilless culture method
CN115486312A (en) * 2022-10-11 2022-12-20 马传广 Two-stage seedling raising method for apocarya grafted seedling nutrition pot
CN116171845A (en) * 2023-02-17 2023-05-30 玉溪市农业科学院 Seed direct seeding two-stage seedling raising method for rabdosia rubescens

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110367025A (en) * 2019-08-19 2019-10-25 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 A kind of rapid high yield and the strong disease-free container seedlings implantation methods of citrus of disease resistance
CN112470898A (en) * 2020-10-21 2021-03-12 江苏省林业科学研究院 Low-cost light-matrix container seedling cultivation method for apocarya
CN112470898B (en) * 2020-10-21 2022-06-28 江苏省林业科学研究院 Cultivation method of shell pecan seedlings in low-cost light substrate container
CN112314304A (en) * 2020-11-02 2021-02-05 杭州长林园艺有限公司 Carya illinoensis seedling raising method
CN112314257A (en) * 2020-11-02 2021-02-05 杭州长林园艺有限公司 Nutmeg seedling raising method and seedling raising container
CN113981125A (en) * 2021-11-04 2022-01-28 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 Molecular marker of apocarya variety Creek and application thereof
CN115024152A (en) * 2022-08-03 2022-09-09 厉在容 Multi-matrix semi-soilless culture method
CN115486312A (en) * 2022-10-11 2022-12-20 马传广 Two-stage seedling raising method for apocarya grafted seedling nutrition pot
CN115486312B (en) * 2022-10-11 2024-02-09 马传广 Two-stage seedling raising method for apocarya grafted seedlings in nutrition pot
CN116171845A (en) * 2023-02-17 2023-05-30 玉溪市农业科学院 Seed direct seeding two-stage seedling raising method for rabdosia rubescens

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