CN110122297A - A kind of two sections of container seedling culture methods of apocarya - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a two-stage container seedling raising method for pecan shells, belonging to the technical field of agricultural planting. The seedling raising method includes a small container seedling raising stage and a large container seedling raising stage, wherein the small container seedling raising stage is the on-demand seeding of pecan seedlings The seedlings are raised in a small container. The large container seedling stage is to spread the leaves of the hickory seedlings in the small container. When the height grows to 15cm-20cm, the whole small container is placed in the large container to continue seedling raising. The invention can greatly shorten the cultivating period of pecan seedlings, improve the quality of the root system of the seedlings, and increase the survival rate and preservation rate of the pecan seedlings for afforestation.

Description

A kind of shell pecan two-stage container seedling raising method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and relates to a two-stage container seedling raising method of pecan.

Background technique

Carya illinoensis, also known as American pecan, is a deciduous tree of the genus Carya of the family Julandaceae. species. Thin-shelled pecan nuts are delicious and fragrant, without astringency, rich in nutrients, and contain various amino acids that are beneficial to the human body. my country began to introduce hickory pecans at the end of the 19th century, and currently it has been introduced and cultivated in 13 provinces (municipalities) including Zhejiang, Yunnan, Anhui, and Jiangsu. In addition, the pecan pecan has a straight trunk, tall tree body and beautiful tree appearance. It is also a good tree species for plain coastal greening, farmland forest network, and "four sides" planting. Its wood is widely used in military industry and high-end furniture.

Although Hickory Hickory has been introduced into my country for a hundred years, due to its long breeding cycle, slow progress in the evaluation and selection of fine varieties, relatively backward seedling propagation technology, and insufficient high-yield cultivation measures, many factors have limited the Hickory Hickory industry in my country. development of. In particular, seedling propagation technology, although a small number of good varieties suitable for my country's development have been bred, the seedling propagation technology is relatively weak. At present, the cultivation area of pecan in my country has exceeded 700,000 mu, especially in Zhejiang, Yunnan, Jiangsu, and Anhui provinces. Afforestation is inefficient, and cases of afforestation failures occur from time to time.

At present, the seedlings of pecan seedlings in my country's pecan industry are mostly cultivated with bare root seedlings, that is, pecan seeds are used and sown in bare fields. Pecan seedlings. The seedlings cultivated by the bare-root seedling cultivation method have fewer lateral fibrous roots, which not only affects the quality of the seedlings, but also affects the survival rate and preservation rate of the seedlings colonization, and there is a slow seedling period; The growth amount is small in the first year, and it cannot be grafted in that year. It needs to be cultivated for 2 years or more before it can be used for grafting in production. The cultivation cycle is long, which directly affects the propagation cycle of the hickory seedlings and limits the hickory industry. development of.

Container seedlings have a small amount of applications in the cultivation of pecan seedlings, that is, pecan seeds are used, which are directly sown in the container or the seeds are sown in the container after germination. The ear strips of the hickory varieties are grafted to cultivate the hickory hickory seedlings. The root system of the hickory seedlings cultivated by the container seedling method is better than that of the bare root seedling cultivation method, but its rootstock cultivation still needs up to 2 years or more time, which also greatly affects the cultivation cycle of hickory seedlings. , and the nursery takes up time, and the cost of raising seedlings is high.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, and proposes a two-stage container seedling raising method for Hickory spp The survival rate and preservation rate of walnut seedlings for afforestation.

The object of the present invention can be realized through the following technical solutions:

A method for raising seedlings in two-stage containers of pecan crustaceans, the method for raising seedlings comprises a stage of raising seedlings in small containers and a stage of raising seedlings in large containers,

The seedling-raising stage of the small container is that the pecan seeds are seeded on demand in the small container to raise seedlings,

The stage of raising seedlings in the large container is to spread the leaves of the hickory seedlings in the small container, and when the height grows to 15cm-20cm, the whole small container is placed in the large container to continue seedling raising.

The invention adds a small container seedling raising stage before the traditional one-stage large container seedling raising method. During the process of transplanting the large container, the whole small container can be put into the large container, so that the root system of the pecan seedlings can not be damaged. and its growth environment, so there is no process of slowing the seedlings, which can greatly shorten the seedling raising period of the rootstock of pecan pecans, and increase the lateral fibrous roots of the root system of pecan pecans.

Preferably, the pecan seeds are pre-germinated and 1/4-1/2 of the length of the radicle is cut off before the pecan seeds are sown on demand in a small container, and the pre-germination is carried out from February to early March.

The effect of shortening the radicle before sowing is to remove the apical dominance of the root tip, thereby promoting the growth of lateral roots, which is the premise of increasing lateral fibrous roots.

Preferably, the small container is a bottomless container.

The invention adopts a bottomless container, which facilitates the growth of the root system in the small container into the large container.

Preferably, both the small container and the large container are made of non-woven fabrics.

The materials of the small container and the large container of the present invention are both non-woven fabrics, and the prepared containers have good air permeability, are beneficial to the growth of roots, have little pollution, are degradable, and are inexpensive. Compared with traditional black plastic containers, air cutting containers, etc., the use of non-woven containers for seedling root system has better improvement, as shown in Figure 9.

Preferably, the diameter of the small container is 4cm-6cm, and the height is 10cm-12cm.

Preferably, the diameter of the large container is 25cm-28cm, and the height is 35cm-40cm.

The seed width of pecan pecan is between 1.24cm and 4.14cm, and the length is between 2.39cm and 6.99cm. Generally, seeds with a width between 2cm and 5cm are selected for seedling cultivation. One is to protect the seeds. The germination rate of the seedlings and the quality of the seedlings can save the cost of raising seedlings. The present invention controls the size of the small container within the above-mentioned range, while controlling the cultivation cost, it can ensure the growth space of the seeds in the small container, and at the same time ensure that after the small container is placed in the large container, the root system of the seedling in the bottomless small container can be ensured. It grows well in the lower part of a large container.

The present invention controls the size of the large container within the above-mentioned range. The reason is that the pecan is a deep-rooted tree species. If the size of the large container is too small, it is not enough to meet the space requirements for the growth of its root system. The condition of the roots, as shown in Figure 8, affects the quality of seedling cultivation. If the height of the large container is too high, it will also cause inconsistencies in the cost of seedlings, the management of seedlings, and the emergence of seedlings in the later stage due to many factors such as placing too many substrates, and the container is too heavy. changes and cost increases.

Preferably, the small container is provided with a first matrix soil, and the first matrix soil is formed by mixing peat, perlite and vermiculite in a weight ratio of 5:(2-4):(1-3).

The present invention effectively promotes the growth of pecan pecans through rational compatibility and composition of the raw materials of the first matrix soil in the small container. Among them, peat provides the nutrients needed for the growth of pecan seedlings, and perlite and vermiculite provide porosity for the first matrix soil and provide more growth space for the roots. At the same time, the substrate soil is light in weight, greatly reduces the weight of the small container, is a light substrate cultivation, and facilitates the subsequent transportation of the seedlings in the small container and the planting in the large container.

Preferably, the large container is equipped with a second base soil, and the second base soil includes soil, decomposed organic fertilizer and agricultural and forestry waste in a weight ratio of 6:(1-1.5):(3-2.5). The soil includes one or both of cultivated soil and pond mud, the agricultural and forestry waste includes one or both of garden waste and fungus residue, and the garden waste includes litter, tree and shrub pruning.

The invention effectively promotes the growth of pecan husk by rationally preparing the raw material composition of the second matrix soil in the large container. Due to the rapid growth of pecan husk after grafting and survival, it is not suitable to use a light matrix formula for the large container matrix formula. For the convenience of seedling quality and later management, it is not suitable to use all cultivated soil or pond mud. In the second matrix soil of the present invention, the cultivated soil and pond mud can not only support the nutrients required for the growth of the pecans after the grafting survives, but also keep the good seedlings of the pecans after the grafting from lodging. The use of agricultural and forestry wastes and garden wastes can not only achieve waste utilization and be beneficial to environmental protection, but also provide porosity for the second matrix soil and reduce the weight of large containers, thereby improving the root growth environment and convenience of pecans. Follow-up management.

Preferably, the large container seedling stage is drip irrigation once a day in the morning and evening in non-rainy days, and an equal ratio compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) is topdressed every 18d to 22d in the growth period from June to July. ) 10g～20g/container, topdress with high potassium organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:5:20) 10g～20g/container every 14d～16d from August to September.

Existing shell pecan container seedlings are generally directly sown in the container or seeds are sown in the container after germination, and after the cultivation reaches the grafting standard, the shell pecan excellent variety ear strips are used to graft and then cultivate the thin shell hickory variety. For seedlings, this method also requires 2 years or more of rootstock cultivation time.

The invention adopts the two-stage container seedling raising method to cultivate the seedlings of Hickory hickory seeds, which can shorten the seedling raising period by one year, and can also solve the problem of fewer lateral fibrous roots of the seedling roots. The seedlings cultivated by the method of the invention can effectively improve the seedlings The afforestation survival rate and preservation rate of walnut orchards have good economic and social benefits.

For the pecan seedlings cultivated by the two-stage container seedling raising method of the present invention, more than 95% of the rootstock bases in the year of seed sowing can reach more than 0.8 cm in diameter, that is, they can be used as rootstocks for grafting within one year of sowing. Direct sowing in the field or large container requires 2 years or more of cultivation to meet the grafting requirements, and the seedling cycle can be directly shortened by 1 year. In addition, the seedlings cultivated by the two-stage container seedling raising method of the present invention have developed root systems and form a root mass, and the survival rate of afforestation is stable above 95%. However, the survival rate of bare root seedlings is not stable, depending on the quality of seedlings, generally between 30% and 85%. The survival rate of traditional container seedlings afforestation is stable above 90%. Moreover, after the two-stage container seedling raising method of the present invention cultivates the hickory seedlings with improved seedlings, there is almost no slow seedling stage, and the growth length of the branches in the current year can reach 60cm-150cm, and the growth of the bare-root seedlings in the current year is generally between 5cm and 40cm. .

The invention is suitable for cultivating high-quality seedlings of hickory, not only can improve the seedling-raising efficiency of seedling enterprises, reduce the cost of raising seedlings, and increase economic income, and because of the improvement of the survival rate of afforestation, it can stabilize and promote the development of hickory growers of hickory The enthusiasm for walnuts promotes the healthy development of my country's pecan industry.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: by adopting the two-stage container seedling raising method of the present invention, the rootstock cultivation period of ≥2 years can be shortened by 1 year compared with the traditional bare root seedling raising method and the container seedling raising method, which greatly shortens the time. The cultivation cycle of the improved seedlings of hickory pecans can significantly improve the quality of the root system of the seedlings, and the survival rate and preservation rate of the improved seedlings of hickory hickory in afforestation, which is of great significance for promoting the large-scale development of the hickory hickory industry in my country.

Instruction drawings

Figure 1 shows the pecan seeds after priming.

Figure 2 is a comparison diagram of pecan seeds with and without radicle trimmed.

Figure 3 is a picture of pecan seedlings in a small bottomless container in the nursery.

Figure 4 is a picture of the husk pecan seedlings that have survived in a large container.

Figure 5 is a diagram of the root system of the bare root seedlings of pecan crustaceans.

FIG. 6 is a diagram 1 of the root system of Hickory pecans cultivated by the method of the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a second view of the root system of Hickory pecans cultivated by the method in the first embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 8 is a diagram of the root system of Hickory pecans grown in a large container smaller than the size of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a graph showing the root system of pecan pecans cultivated in a common black plastic container, an air cutting container and a non-woven container in order from left to right.

Detailed ways

The following are specific embodiments of the present invention to further describe the technical solutions of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

Example 1

In the present embodiment, the method for raising seedlings in two-stage containers of pecan shells includes the following steps:

The pecan seeds stored in the sand or cold storage are primed for germination in mid-February, and the pecan seeds after priming are shown in Figure 1;

Use non-woven fabric to prepare a bottomless small container with a diameter of 5.5cm and a height of 10cm and a large container with a diameter of 26cm and a height of 38cm;

Mix peat, perlite and vermiculite in a weight ratio of 5:3:2 and put them into a small bottomless container. Cut off 1/3 of the radicle from the germinated pecan seeds, as shown in Figure 2 Shown is a comparison of pecan seeds with and without radicle trimmed, then seeded on-demand in small bottomless containers;

The small container is bagged and placed in the garden for routine management. As shown in Figure 3, it is in the shape of a shell pecan seedling in a bottomless small container in the garden;

Mix the tillage soil, decomposed organic fertilizer and fungus residue with a weight ratio of 6:1.3:2.7 into a large container;

When the seedlings in the small container spread their leaves and grow to a height of 17cm, place the entire small container in the large container, and place them neatly in the nursery for seedling cultivation. As shown in Figure 4, it is transplanted into the large container and has survived the shape of a thin-shelled hickory seedling. ; Depending on the moisture content of the container substrate, drip irrigation once a day in the morning and evening in non-rainy days, and topdressing once every 20d in the growing period from June to July. , From August to September, apply high potassium organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:5:20) 15g/container every 15d.

As shown in Figure 5, it is the root diagram of the bare root seedlings of pecan shell, it can be seen that its main root is developed, and the fibrous roots are few, as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 are the root diagrams of the pecan pecans cultivated by the two-stage container seedling method of the embodiment , it can be seen that its lateral fibrous roots are developed.

Example 2

In the present embodiment, the method for raising seedlings in two-stage containers of pecan shells includes the following steps:

The pecan seeds stored in the sand or cold storage should be primed for germination in late February;

Use non-woven fabric to prepare a bottomless small container with a diameter of 6 cm and a height of 12 cm and a large container with a diameter of 25 cm and a height of 35 cm;

The peat, perlite and vermiculite in a weight ratio of 5:2:3 were thoroughly mixed and put into a small bottomless container. in a small bottomless container;

Pack small containers into bags and place them in the nursery for routine management;

The pond mud, decomposed organic fertilizer and fungus residue with a weight ratio of 6:1:2.5 are mixed and put into a large container;

When the seedlings in the small container spread their leaves and grow to a height of 15cm, place the whole small container in the large container, and place it neatly in the nursery for seedling cultivation; depending on the moisture content of the container substrate, drip irrigation once a day in the morning and evening in non-rainy days, and in June During the growth period from July to July, the same ratio compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) 10g/container was topdressed every 18d, and the high-potassium organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (N :P:K=15:5:20) 10g/container.

Example 3

In the present embodiment, the method for raising seedlings in two-stage containers of pecan shells includes the following steps:

The shell pecan seeds stored in the sand or cold storage should be primed for germination in early March;

Use non-woven fabric to prepare a bottomless small container with a diameter of 4cm and a height of 10cm and a large container with a diameter of 28cm and a height of 40cm;

The peat, perlite and vermiculite in a weight ratio of 5:4:1 were thoroughly mixed and put into a small bottomless container. in a small bottomless container;

Pack small containers into bags and place them in the nursery for routine management;

Mix the tillage soil, decomposed organic fertilizer, garden waste (litter, tree, shrub pruning, etc.) with a weight ratio of 6:1.5:3 and put it into a large container;

When the seedlings in the small container spread their leaves and grow to a height of 20cm, place the whole small container in the large container and place them neatly in the nursery for seedling cultivation; depending on the moisture content of the container substrate, drip irrigation once a day in the morning and evening in non-rainy days, and in June During the growth period from July to July, the same ratio compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) 20g/container was topdressed every 22d, and the high-potassium organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (N :P:K=15:5:20) 20g/container.

To sum up, the seedling raising method of the present invention can not only shorten the seedling raising period of the hickory seedlings, but also greatly improve the quality of the seedlings and the survival rate of afforestation, which is of great significance to the healthy development of the hickory hickory industry in my country.

The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains can make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or substitute in similar manners, but will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or go beyond the definitions of the appended claims range.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of two sections of container seedling culture methods of apocarya, which is characterized in that the method for culturing seedlings includes small container nursery rank Section and bulk container nursery stage,

The small container nursery stage is that the program request of apocarya seed carries out nursery in small container,

The bulk container nursery stage is to the apocarya nursery stock lamina in small container, when highly growing into 15cm~20cm Entire small container is placed in bulk container and continues nursery.

2. method for culturing seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the apocarya seed program request is in small container Preceding to pass through vernalization and first cut off 1/4~1/2 length radicle, the vernalization is in progress at the beginning of 2 months to 3 months.

3. method for culturing seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the small container is bottomless container.

4. method for culturing seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the diameter of the small container is 4cm~6cm, height For 10cm~12cm.

5. method for culturing seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the diameter of the bulk container is 25cm~28cm, high Degree is 35cm~40cm.

6. method for culturing seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first substrate soil is housed in the small container, it is described First substrate soil is 5:(2~4 by weight ratio): peat, perlite, the vermiculite of (1~3) mix.

7. method for culturing seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the second substrate soil is housed in the bulk container, it is described Second substrate soil includes that weight ratio is 6:(1~1.5): soil, decomposed manure and the agriculture and forestry organic waste material of (3~2.5), the soil Earth includes the one or two of plantation soil, pond sludge, and the agriculture and forestry organic waste material includes garden waste, the one or two of bacteria residue, The garden waste includes dry branches and fallen leaves, trees and shrub beta pruning.

8. method for culturing seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the bulk container nursery stage is early daily in the non-rainy day Evening each trickle irrigation 1 time permeable, and it is inferior than compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) that June~growth period in July every 18d~22d imposes one 10g~20g/ container, the every 14d~16d of August~September impose primary high potassium compound organic and inorganic fertilizer (N:P:K=15:5:20) 10g ~20g/ container.