CN112470898A - Low-cost light-matrix container seedling cultivation method for apocarya - Google Patents
Low-cost light-matrix container seedling cultivation method for apocarya Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-cost light-matrix container seedling cultivation method for apocarya, and belongs to the technical field of forest cultivation. According to the method, according to the growth rhythm of the carya illinoensis in the seedling stage and the biological characteristics of water and fertilizer requirements and the like, fertilizers with different formulas are supplied in different growth and development stages, the growth potential of seedlings is fully exploited, so that the engravable stock seedlings with developed root systems and appropriate height-diameter ratio can be cultivated, the aims of seedling cultivation in the current year, grafting in the current year, outplanting in the next year, shortening the seedling cultivation period by 1 year and reducing the cost by more than 70% are fulfilled, and the method has a high popularization and application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of forest cultivation, and particularly relates to a low-cost light-matrix container seedling cultivation method for apocarya.
Background
Carya illinoensis is commonly called as pecan, is native to the United states, is a famous economic tree species of dried fruits in the world, and has huge market demand. China has a history of hundreds of years, and China Jiangsu, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Anhui and other places are all suitable for cultivating the carya illinoensis. However, the original period of fruit is long and the benefit is low because of the multi-purpose seedling planting in the past, which restricts the enthusiasm of planting the carya illinoensis. In recent years, scientific research institutes and enterprise operators break through improved variety grafting breeding technology, the apocarya cultivated by grafting seedlings is 6-8 years earlier than seedlings, early-maturing and high-yield cultivation of the apocarya is achieved, and rapid development of the apocarya industry in China is promoted.
The carya illinoensis is a deep-rooted tree species, a traditional field bare-rooted seedling cultivation mode is adopted, the number of lateral roots of seedlings is small, the transplanting survival rate is low, container seedling cultivation is the best mode for cultivating carya illinoensis seedlings, good-breed strong seedlings are cultivated by strong stocks, the ground diameter of the stocks reaches 0.8cm, grafting can be achieved, and the grafting requirement can be met in a conventional seedling cultivation mode within 2 years. The research aiming at the aspect of the container seedling culture technology of the carya illinoensis has been carried out in China, and is mainly focused on the research on the aspects of container selection, substrate proportioning, fertilization and the like, while the research on the matching technologies such as low cost, light substrate development, root system regulation and control of container seedlings of the carya illinoensis, water and fertilizer supply modes and use amounts in different growth periods is less, and the problems of high container seedling culture cost, low seedling quality and the like exist. Therefore, in order to improve the cultivation quality of the carya illinoensis container seedlings, shorten the seedling cultivation period and further reduce the seedling cultivation cost, the method selects a proper container and a root control mode which meet the seedling growth according to the biological characteristics of the carya illinoensis and the growth rhythm of the seedlings, prepares a seedling cultivation substrate which is convenient to transport and has light weight and low cost by using wastes such as mushroom dregs, respectively gives different formula fertilizers in the seedling emergence period, the fast growth period and the hardening period of the seedlings, fully excavates the growth potential of the seedlings, and cultivates the stock seedlings for grafting with developed root systems and proper height-diameter ratio to form a low-cost and light-substrate container seedling water-fertilizer integrated cultivation technical system of the carya illinoensis, and realizes innovation of an environment-friendly seedling cultivation mode with weight reduction and cost reduction.
The invention discloses a culture method of container seedlings of carya illinoensis. For example, the application number 201610330364.5, the name is a cultivation method of a root-rich seedling in a container of apocarya; the application number 2018100153378 discloses a method for cultivating seedlings of carya illinoensis in a container; application number 2018106865145, name is a cultivation method of a fine container seedling of carya illinoensis; the application number 2019103624298 discloses a two-section container seedling method of carya illinoensis; the application number 2019109686870 discloses a substrate for cultivating carya illinoensis, a cultivating method of carya illinoensis, a grafting method of carya illinoensis, the application number 2019103175566 discloses a formula, a preparation method and application of the substrate for cultivating carya illinoensis in a container, and the contents of the container seedling cultivation and the like in the patent are different from those of the method essentially.
Through years of container seedling cultivation practice of carya illinoensis, by developing screening of container materials and specifications, development of seedling substrate formulas, seed germination acceleration, water control, accurate water and fertilizer management and other experimental researches, the applicant integrates and creates a new container seedling cultivation technology of carya illinoensis, and cultivates light substrate good-quality sound seedlings with balanced and uniformly developed lateral fibrous roots, wherein the average ground diameter of 1a seedlings reaches 1.26cm and exceeds 57.7% of grafting thickness of 0.8cm, current-year seedling cultivation is realized, current-year grafting is realized, next-year nursery is realized, the seedling cultivation period is shortened by 1 year, and the cost is reduced by more than 70%.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a low-cost and light-matrix container seedling water-fertilizer integrated cultivation method for carya illinoensis, namely, a seedling cultivation matrix which is light in weight and low in cost and convenient to transport is prepared by utilizing wastes such as mushroom dregs, and fertilizers with different formulas are respectively given to carya illinoensis seedlings in the growth and development period through water control roots, so that the growth potential of seedlings is fully exploited, and grafting stock seedlings with developed root systems and appropriate high-diameter ratio are cultivated in order, and therefore, the purposes of seedling cultivation in the current year, grafting in the current year, outplanting in the next year, shortening the seedling cultivation period by 1 year and cost reduction by more than 70% are achieved.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to realize the aim, the invention discloses a low-cost light-matrix container seedling cultivation method of apocarya, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the cultivation method of the apocarya low-cost light-matrix container seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) container selection and matrix preparation:
A. selecting a container: selecting a cylindrical gallon basin with the inner diameter of 25cm and the height of 35cm, and internally arranging non-woven bags with the same specification;
B. preparing a matrix: fully fermented and decomposed edible fungus residues, vinegar residues and peat are mixed according to the volume ratio of (50-70) m3∶ (20-40)m3∶(10-30)m3Uniformly mixing for later use;
(2) sand storage and sowing transplantation of seeds:
A. and (3) low-temperature sand storage of seeds: the method comprises the following steps of (1) harvesting Carya illinoensis seeds in autumn, putting the seeds into refrigeration at 0-5 ℃, soaking the seeds in 400-600 times of mancozeb 80% wettable powder for 5d-7d before sand preservation, mixing the seeds and sand according to the volume ratio of the seeds to wet sand of 1: 2, and carrying out sand preservation for 60 d-90 d, wherein the wet sand is diluted with 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 800-1000 times of liquid medicine and is sprayed for disinfection, the humidity is suitable for preventing water from being squeezed by hand, and the sand preservation temperature is 0-5 ℃;
B. sowing: in the next early spring, sowing the seeds in the step (2) A in a sand bed of a greenhouse with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the humidity of 80 percent for accelerating germination, and germinating for 15-20 days for later use;
C. transplanting the bud seedlings: and (3) transplanting the seedlings in the step (2) B into the container in the step (1) when 2-3 leaves grow out, cutting 1/2 root systems during transplanting, and dipping the roots by using the prepared root growth promoting agent.
(3) And (3) water and fertilizer management:
A. controlling root by water: when the height of the container seedlings in the step (3) C reaches 10cm-15cm, placing the container seedlings in a non-leakage cement pool, and injecting clear water to keep the water level at 5 cm-10 cm all the time;
B. fertilizer supply: and the fertilizer is conveyed into a seedling raising container through a water and fertilizer integrated facility. In the first stage, 1 time of root promoting fertilizer is sprayed every week from 4 months to 5 months, and the fertilizer is applied for 4 times; in the second stage, 0.4-0.8 g of high-N fast-growing fertilizer is applied to each plant for 1 time every week from the beginning of 6 months to the end of 6 months, and the application is performed for 4 times; in the third stage, 0.1-0.4 g of strong seedling fertilizer is applied to each plant for 1 time every week from the bottom of 7 months to the beginning of 8 months, and the application is performed for 4 times.
2. The method for cultivating the apocarya low-cost light-matrix container seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the mushroom dregs in the step (1) B are waste culture medium materials which are discarded after pleurotus eryngii production, and the particle size is 1-5 mm; the vinegar residue is the leftover of vinegar made by Jiangsu Hengshun vinegar industry limited company, and is the residue filtered after the vinegar making fermentation of glutinous rice, bran, rice chaff and other raw materials, and the particle size is 2 mm-4 mm.
3. The method for cultivating the apocarya low-cost light-matrix container seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2) C, the root promoting agent is NAA-NA40mg & L-1+IBA-K50mg·L-1+ JFC-2 No. 10 mg. L-1An aqueous solution of (a).
4. The method for cultivating the apocarya low-cost light-matrix container seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the root promoting fertilizer in the step (3) B is a 1200-1800-time diluted seaweed fertilizer (liquid produced by Xuzhou Wanke Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) stock solution, and the alginic acid is more than or equal to 21 g/L; n + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 100 g/L; the fast-growing fertilizer is water soluble fertilizer and gamma-PGA (1-4%), wherein the water soluble fertilizer component N, P, K and the trace element proportion are 30-10-10+ TE, and the gamma-PGA component N + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 12 percent, HPLC is more than or equal to 25 percent; the seedling strengthening fertilizer is water soluble fertilizer and gamma-PGA (1-4%), wherein the water soluble fertilizer component N, P, K and the microelement are 10-30-20+ TE, the gamma-PGA component is N + P2O5+K2O≥12％， HPLC≥25％。
Advantageous effects
(1) Seedling raising effect of different container substrate formulas
Setting the volume ratio of the vinegar residue, the fungus residue and the peat as follows: 50: 20: 30, 60: 20, 70: 20: 10, labeled with A1, A2, and A3, respectively (collectively referred to as A matrix); the volume ratio of the fungus dregs, the vinegar residue and the peat is as follows: 50: 20: 30, 60: 20, 70: 20: 10, 6 formulations marked with B1, B2 and B3, respectively (collectively referred to as B media), Control (CK) at a conventional media peat, perlite, vermiculite volume ratio of 70: 20: 10. Transplanting the bud seedlings of the pregermination apocarya into the formula substrate container in spring, and measuring related indexes after 1 year of growth.
A. Physicochemical property of seedling substrate
TABLE 1 substrate proportioning physical Properties
Note: the upper case letters in the same column indicate a 0.05 level difference for all substrates, and the lower case letters in the same column indicate a 0.05 level difference for the same substrate, as follows.
The volume weight and the air permeability of the matrix are determined by the porosity and the solid quantity of the matrix, and related researches show that the volume weight is 0.1-0.8g.cm-3The plant growth medium has the ventilation porosity of 15-70%, the volume weight of the medium is low, and the good ventilation porosity is beneficial to the respiration of plant roots. As can be seen from Table 1, the volume weight and the substrate ventilation porosity of the seedling raising substrate of each formula are in the range favorable for plant growth, and the volume weight and the ventilation porosity of A2, A3, B2 and B3 have no significant difference from the control; the maximum water holding capacity of the formula base is higher with B3, B2 and CK, and the maximum water holding capacity of the formula base is lower with the base formula A; the minimum water holding capacity is CK, B3 high. The physical properties of the formula matrix are close to those of the control.
TABLE 2 substrate proportioning chemistry
The chemical property of the substrate reflects the capability of supplying nutrients to the nursery stocks, and the chemical components directly influence the pH value of the substrate, and relevant researches show that the pH value is 5.8-7.0, so that the substrate is beneficial to the growth of plant roots, and the plants can easily absorb a large number of elements. The pH value of the substrate in the formula of the method is lower than that of a control, the contents of organic matters and N, P, K are both obviously higher than that of the control, and the organic matters and total N contents of the B2 and B3 substrates with more bacterial residues are higher, so that the nutrient absorption and utilization of the carya illinoensis seedlings are facilitated.
The substrate of the formula of the mushroom dregs developed by the method has good physicochemical properties, and has good ventilation porosity, maximum water holding capacity and minimum water holding capacity; the organic matter, total nitrogen and quick-acting potassium content are high, and the fertilizer is suitable for the extension development of plant roots and the requirement of seedling growth on nutrients.
B. Cost of seedling substrate
The material used by the substrate is based on the local market selling price (table 4), and the price of the seedling substrate is calculated according to the formula ratio of each substrate (table 5).
Table 4 reference table for market selling price of base material
TABLE 5 comparison of base prices for each formulation
The price of the formula substrate of the method is 145.0-262.0 yuan/m3Compared with the contrast, the price of the B-type matrix added with the mushroom dregs is lower by 43.9-69.0 percent.
C. Amount of growth of nursery stock
TABLE 3 different substrate formulations apocarya 1a raw seedling height and ground diameter growth amount
Note: different lower case letters in the same column indicate that the difference is at the 0.05 level (same below)
The height and the ground diameter of the seedlings are important indexes for measuring the growth of the plants, and the table 3 shows that different matrix formulas have obvious influence on the growth of overground parts of the apocarya seedlings. The maximum value of 1-year-old seedling height is 34.5cm treated by B2, the maximum value of ground diameter is 8.6mm treated by B3, wherein the maximum values of the height and ground diameter of the seedlings cultured by the formula matrix are respectively higher than that of controls 73.37% and 73.04%, and the minimum values are respectively higher than that of controls 33.17% and 21.53%. The seedling growth indexes are better when the medium is comprehensively treated by the fungi residues B2 and B3 with higher adding proportion.
Therefore, the invention prepares the seedling substrate by utilizing the easily-obtained and low-cost agricultural and forestry wastes such as the mushroom dregs and the like, has the physical and chemical properties favorable for the growth of seedlings, reduces the use amount of nonrenewable peat, obtains good seedling effect, realizes the resource-saving and environment-friendly production of the cultivation of the container seedlings of the carya illinoensis, and has better popularization and application value in the actual production.
(2) Application effect of root promoting agent for bud seedling transplantation
On the basis of the experimental study on the treatment of the radicle of the carya illinoensis on the types and concentrations of hormones, clear water (CK) and NAA-NA40mg & L are arranged-1、IBA-K50mg·L-1、NAA-NA40mg·L-1+IBA-K50mg·L-1And NAA-NA40 mg. L-1+IBA-K50mg·L-1+ JFC-2 No. 10 mg. L-1The 5 factors are adopted, and a single-factor random block test is adopted, wherein 30 plants are repeated for 4 times in each cell.
TABLE 4 Effect of root growth promotion agent treatment on Carya illinoensis seedling root growth
The use of the root promoting agent can obviously improve the growth of the total length of the root system of the seedling, the total volume of the root system and the average diameter of the root system. The test result shows that the indexes of the root system of the apocarya seedlings under the combined treatment reach obvious difference, the growth of the root system of the apocarya seedlings can be obviously promoted under the combined treatment of multiple hormones, the indexes such as the total length of the root system and the like are better treated by the combination 5, and the effect of achieving twice the result with half the effort can be achieved by adding JFC-2 No. 10 in the hormones.
(3) Precise management effect of water and fertilizer
A. Water root control treatment
Setting water levels of 0cm, 5cm, 10cm, etc. for 3 water root control treatments, placing the container seedling in each water level when the height of the container seedling reaches 10cm, adopting a single-factor random block test, repeating for 4 times, wherein 20 plants are planted in each cell. After the test is finished, 4 nursery stocks with consistent growth vigor are selected from all treatment cells, the nursery stocks are cleaned by clear water, and a WinRHIO STD 1600+ type root system image analysis system (REGENT company, Canada) is used for measuring root system indexes including the total root system length, the total root system surface area and the total root system volume.
TABLE 5 influence of Water root control treatment on Carya illinoensis root growth
As can be seen from Table 3, the water content significantly affected the growth of the root system of the apocarya seedlings. The indexes such as the total length of the root system of the seedling in 1 year after anhydrous (contrast) treatment are the smallest, the root control effect at the water level of 5cm is the best, each index of the root system of the seedling is better, and the root length, the root area and the root volume under the water level control of 10cm are in a descending trend. The root system can be prevented from growing downwards by appropriate flooding, more adventitious roots can be induced to be generated by flooding nearby root and stem bases so as to achieve the purpose of root breaking and root system regeneration, but the space for root system growth is limited due to the reduction of the volume of the container matrix when the flooding is too high. Therefore, the method is suitable for flooding, can control roots and promote roots, and can supplement water for container matrix, thereby achieving the effect of killing two birds with one stone. The method is simple and feasible to operate, does not pollute the soil environment, and has significant progress compared with the traditional modes of controlling roots by air, breaking roots by copper carbonate and the like.
B. Effect of fertilizer application
Setting 4-factor 4 levels of root promoting fertilizer, fast growing fertilizer, seedling strengthening fertilizer, gamma-PGA and the like, and adopting L16(45) Orthogonal experiments were designed with 15 strains per cell, repeated 4 times. And measuring the seedling height, ground diameter and root growth indexes of the seedlings after the growth period is finished.
Results of orthogonal experiments
Test results show that the growth of the nursery stock can be promoted by applying the root promoting fertilizer, the fast growth fertilizer and the like with certain concentration in different growth periods of the nursery stock growth, and the test is carried out by combining the componentsHe10 (root promoting fertilizer 1400 mg. L)-1+ fast-growing fertilizer 0.8g + strong seedling fertilizer 0.2g + gamma-PGA 3%), the seedling growth indexes are better, then the combination is 14, 11, 15, 5, 1, etc., the combination with poor seedling growth is 16, from the view of each factor concentration, the seedling growth amount is smaller when the fertilizer with lower or high concentration is applied, related researches consider that the nutrient absorption of the seedling is divided into 3 stages of poor cultivation, luxurious cultivation and toxic hazard, and the biomass and nutrient content of the seedling in the poor cultivation stage are increased along with the increase of the fertilizing amount; luxury is that the morphological characteristics do not change significantly, while the nutrient content continues to rise; the toxicity is a significant decrease in both biomass and nutrient content. The proper fertilizer amount has obvious promotion effect on the accumulation of the biological quantity of the container seedlings of the carya illinoensis, but when the fertilizer amount is increased to a certain threshold value, the seedling growth amount is reduced, the fertilizer concentration is increased, the EC value in the container matrix is increased, and the ionic toxic effect is generated on the seedlings. The variety, the dosage and the N, P, K of the fertilizer and the proportion of trace elements are determined according to the growth characteristics of the seedlings in the container seedling cultivation of the carya illinoensis, the fertilizer cannot be applied blindly, and otherwise, certain elements in the seedlings are deficient or accumulated, so that the nutrition elements of the seedlings are unbalanced.
According to the method, through experimental research, according to the characteristics of water and fertilizer requirements of the carya illinoensis seedlings in different growth periods, formulated fertilizers and applied regulation and control technical measures are developed in each growth stage of the carya illinoensis seedlings, the nutrient requirement rules of the seedlings are consistent, the supply and demand relations between water and nutrient supply and fertilizer requirements of the seedlings are well coordinated, the fertilizer loss and waste are avoided, and therefore the maximization of the indexes of the seedlings in form, physiology, vitality and the like is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the growth of seedlings under different substrate formulations
FIG. 2 treatment of root growth differences with root growth promoters
FIG. 3 shows the growth of seedlings under different fertilization conditions (only partial pictures are provided due to space limitations, the left picture shows the growth forms of the seedlings of No. 1, No. 5, No. 15, No. 11, No. 14 and No. 10 which are better fertilized respectively from left to right, and the right picture shows the growth forms of the seedlings of No. 10 which are best fertilized and No. 16 which are poorer fertilized respectively)
Detailed Description
The following examples are only for the best cultivation of the 1 year old seedlings of carya illinoensis but are not intended to limit the invention thereto.
(1) Container selection and matrix preparation:
A. selecting a container: selecting a cylindrical gallon basin with the inner diameter of 25cm and the height of 35cm, and internally arranging non-woven bags with the same specification;
B. preparing a matrix: fully fermented and thoroughly decomposed pleurotus eryngii fungus residues, vinegar residues and peat are mixed according to the volume ratio of 70m3∶20m3∶10m3Uniformly mixing for later use;
(2) sand storage and sowing transplantation of seeds:
A. and (3) low-temperature sand storage of seeds: harvesting carya illinoensis seeds in autumn, refrigerating at 0-5 ℃, soaking the seeds in 600 times of mancozeb 80% wettable powder for 7 days before sand preservation, mixing the seeds and sand in a volume ratio of 1: 2 between the seeds and wet sand, sand preserving for 90 days, spraying the wet sand in 800 times of liquid medicine diluted by 50% carbendazim wettable powder for disinfection, wherein the humidity is suitable for preventing water from being squeezed by hands, and the sand preservation temperature is 0-5 ℃;
B. sowing: in the next early spring, sowing the seeds in the step (2) A in a sand bed of a greenhouse with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the humidity of 80 percent for accelerating germination, and germinating for 15-20 days for later use;
C. transplanting the bud seedlings: transplanting the seedlings in the step (2) B into the container in the step (1) when 2-3 leaves grow out, cutting 1/2 root system during transplanting, and using prepared NAA-NA40 mg. L-1+IBA-K50mg·L-1+ JFC-2 No. 10 mg. L-1Dipping the root promoting agent.
(3) And (3) water and fertilizer management:
A. controlling root by water: when the height of the container seedlings in the step (3) C reaches 10cm-15cm, placing the container seedlings in a non-leakage cement pool, and injecting clear water to keep the water level at 5 cm-10 cm all the time;
B. fertilizer supply: and the fertilizer is conveyed into a seedling raising container through a water and fertilizer integrated facility. In the first stage, 1 time of seaweed fertilizer stock solution dilution 1400 times of solution is sprayed every week from the end of 4 months to the end of 5 months, and the seaweed fertilizer stock solution is applied for 4 times; in the second stage, N, P, K is applied to each plant for 1 time in each week from the beginning of 6 months to the end of 6 months, the mixture ratio of the trace elements is 30-10 to 10+ 0.8g of TE water-soluble fertilizer + gamma-PGA 3%, and the application is performed for 4 times; in the third stage, N, P, K and trace element proportion of 10 < -30 > -20 < + > TE water-soluble fertilizer 0.2g < + > gamma-PGA 3 percent are applied to each plant for 4 times every week from the end of 7 months to the beginning of 8 months.
By adopting the method of the embodiment, the diameter of the container seedling of the 1-year-old carya illinoensis reaches 1.26cm, the height of the seedling is 44.58cm, and the total area and the total volume of the root system of the seedling respectively reach 887.67cm2And 17.12cm3And the seedlings are strong and exceed 57.5 percent of the requirement of 0.8cm on the grafting thickness of the stocks.
Claims (4)
1. The cultivation method of the apocarya low-cost light-matrix container seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) container selection and matrix preparation:
A. selecting a container: selecting a cylindrical gallon basin with the inner diameter of 25cm and the height of 35cm, and internally arranging non-woven bags with the same specification;
B. preparing a matrix: fully fermented and decomposed edible fungus residues, vinegar residues and peat are mixed according to the volume ratio of (50-70) m3∶(20-40)m3∶(10-30)m3Uniformly mixing for later use;
(2) sand storage and sowing transplantation of seeds:
A. and (3) low-temperature sand storage of seeds: the method comprises the following steps of (1) harvesting Carya illinoensis seeds in autumn, putting the seeds into refrigeration at 0-5 ℃, soaking the seeds for 5d-7d in 400-600 times of mancozeb 80% wettable powder before sand preservation, mixing the seeds and sand according to the volume ratio of the seeds to wet sand of 1: 2, and carrying out sand preservation for 60 d-90 d, diluting the wet sand with 50% carbendazim wettable powder of 800-1000 times of liquid medicine for spraying and sterilizing, wherein the humidity is suitable for preventing water from being squeezed by hand, and the sand preservation temperature is 0-5 ℃;
B. sowing: in the next early spring, sowing the seeds in the step (2) A in a sand bed of a greenhouse with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the humidity of 80 percent for accelerating germination, and germinating for 15-20 days for later use;
C. transplanting the bud seedlings: and (3) transplanting the seedlings in the step (2) into the container in the step (1) when 2-3 leaves grow out, cutting 1/2 root systems during transplanting, and dipping the roots by using the prepared root promoting agent.
(3) And (3) water and fertilizer management:
A. controlling root by water: when the height of the container seedlings in the step (3) reaches 10cm-15cm, placing the container seedlings in a water-leakage-free cement pond, and injecting clear water to keep the water level at 5 cm-10 cm all the time;
B. fertilizer supply: and the fertilizer is conveyed into a seedling raising container through a water and fertilizer integrated facility. In the first stage, 1 time of root promoting fertilizer is sprayed every week from 4 months to 5 months, and the fertilizer is applied for 4 times; in the second stage, 0.4-0.8 g of high-N fast-growing fertilizer is applied to each plant for 1 time every week from the beginning of 6 months to the end of 6 months, and the application is performed for 4 times; in the third stage, 0.1-0.4 g of strong seedling fertilizer is applied to each plant for 1 time every week from the bottom of 7 months to the beginning of 8 months, and the application is performed for 4 times.
2. The method for cultivating the apocarya low-cost light-matrix container seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the mushroom dregs in the step (1) B are waste culture medium materials which are discarded after pleurotus eryngii production, and the particle size is 1-5 mm; the vinegar residue is the leftover of vinegar made by Jiangsu Hengshun vinegar industry limited company, and is the residue filtered after the vinegar making fermentation of glutinous rice, bran and other raw materials, and the grain diameter is 2 mm-4 mm.
3. The method for cultivating the apocarya low-cost light-matrix container seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2) C, the root promoting agent is NAA-NA40mg & L-1+IBA-K50mg·L-1+ JFC-2 No. 10 mg. L-1An aqueous solution of (a).
4. The method for cultivating the apocarya low-cost light-matrix container seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the root promoting fertilizer in the step (3) B is a 1200-1800-fold diluted stock solution of seaweed fertilizer (liquid produced by Xuzhou Wanke Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and the component of the root promoting fertilizer is alginic acid more than or equal to 21 g/L; n + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 100 g/L; the fast-growing fertilizer is water soluble fertilizer and gamma-PGA (1-4%), wherein the water soluble fertilizer component N, P, K and the trace element proportion are 30-10-10+ TE, and the gamma-PGA component N + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 12 percent, HPLC is more than or equal to 25 percent; the seedling strengthening fertilizer is water soluble fertilizer and gamma-PGA (1-4%), wherein the water soluble fertilizer component N, P, K and the microelement are 10-30-20+ TE, the gamma-PGA component is N + P2O5+K2O≥12％，HPLC≥25％。
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