CN113767832A

CN113767832A - Pepper seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113767832A
Application number: CN202111068468.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 薛占军; 李青云; 王明娇; 蔡冰冰; 孟清波; 张谨薇
Original assignee: Hebei Agricultural University
Current assignee: Hebei Agricultural University
Priority date: 2021-09-13
Filing date: 2021-09-13
Publication date: 2021-12-10

Abstract

The invention discloses a pepper seedling culture medium and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of vegetable seedling culture. The pepper seedling culture substrate comprises the following components: the organic material comprises insect sand and grass carbon. According to the invention, the pepper seedling raising substrate is prepared by uniformly mixing insect sand, grass peat, vermiculite, perlite and zeolite powder as raw materials according to a certain proportion. The prepared pepper seedling culture medium is used for culturing pepper seedlings, can shorten the strong pepper seedling culture period, saves the fertilizer and water consumption, improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer and water, and fully embodies the competitive advantage of the strong pepper seedling culture. The preparation method of the pepper seedling substrate disclosed by the invention is simple in technology, convenient to operate, suitable for the requirements of industrial production, and has obvious economic benefits, social benefits and ecological benefits.

Description

Pepper seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable seedling culture, and particularly relates to a pepper seedling culture medium and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The vegetable seedling raising is an important link in vegetable production, can save the number of seeds and increase the multiple cropping index, is convenient for intensive cultivation management, and has very wide application prospect in China. Particularly, along with the development of the modern technology of our country in recent years, the vegetable seedling culture is also developed from the traditional bed soil seedling culture, nutrition pot seedling culture, peat block seedling culture and other modes to the direction of intensive and industrialized plug tray soilless substrate seedling culture.

At present, vegetable plug soilless substrate seedling culture mainly adopts a turf composite substrate prepared by vermiculite, turf, perlite and the like according to a certain proportion, wherein the turf is a main nutrient component source of vegetable seedlings. However, the peat is a valuable non-renewable natural resource, and the distribution of the peat is also very uneven at home and abroad. If the turf is used for preparing the matrix for large-scale seedling culture production, precious resources are wasted, the ecological environment is destroyed, and meanwhile, the turf transportation can also greatly improve the seedling culture cost. Therefore, the research and development of the vegetable seedling raising matrix are increased, and the existing grass carbon is completely or partially replaced by high-quality materials with low price and good cultivation effect to carry out strong seedling cultivation on vegetables.

Therefore, non-grass carbon type vegetable seedling raising substrates are developed in succession, wherein organic materials such as corn straws, decomposed cow dung, rice hulls, mushroom residues, furnace slag and the like are mainly used for replacing grass carbon, tests are carried out on fruit and vegetable and melon and vegetable seedling raising, and a certain seedling raising effect is achieved. Nevertheless, the fermentation and decomposition of organic materials not only need to be equipped with a specific fermentation site, but also need to be equipped with specific personnel to carry out regular pile turning in the fermentation process, which is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and can generate pungent odor in the fermentation process to pollute the environment; if the decomposition and fermentation are not thorough, the excrement of the livestock and poultry in the organic materials can spread out the carried germs, worm eggs, weed seeds and other substances through the plug soilless substrate seedlings to induce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in the vegetable fields after planting. In addition, the non-turf seedling raising matrix has dehydration and fertilizer removal phenomena of different degrees in the middle and later growth stages of vegetable seedlings, on one hand, the cultivation time of strong vegetable seedlings is directly influenced, and on the other hand, serious fertilizer and water resource waste is brought indirectly by increasing the fertilizer, water supply and frequency.

The seedling culture substrate of the pepper serving as an important fruit, vegetable and vegetable has the requirements of good physical structure, suitable stable chemical properties and enough nutrient components, and meanwhile, the pepper has good water retention and air permeability, the pH value is preferably neutral and slightly alkaline, and no plant diseases and insect pests exist. The cultivation of strong seedlings of proper age in the existing pepper seedling cultivation production not only has long seedling cultivation period (45-55 days), but also lacks special seedling cultivation substrates for pepper.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a pepper seedling substrate and a preparation method thereof. The prepared pepper seedling culture medium is used for culturing pepper seedlings, can shorten the strong pepper seedling culture period, saves the fertilizer and water consumption, improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer and water, and fully embodies the competitive advantage of the strong pepper seedling culture.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

one of the technical schemes of the invention is as follows: provides a pepper seedling culture substrate, which comprises the following components: organic fertilizer materials, vermiculite, perlite and zeolite powder; the organic material consists of insect sand and turf.

Preferably, the insect sand is dry dung sand of chafer larva.

According to the invention, the dry excrement generated by breeding scarab larva with the waste oyster mushroom sticks is used as a seedling substrate ingredient, and the dry excrement partially replaces non-regenerative turf commonly used in the existing seedling substrate, so that the problem of environmental pollution caused by organic waste of the oyster mushroom sticks can be solved, agricultural waste is recycled, the mineral nutrient content of the composite substrate can be obviously improved, and fertilizer is saved. The dry sand generated by the chafer larva has no peculiar smell and is convenient to transport, in the process of generating the sand by the chafer larva, the digestive juice secreted by the digestive tract is used for effectively decomposing organic matters in decomposed materials, the digested organic matters are easily absorbed by a plant root system, and meanwhile, the secreted digestive juice can also kill ova and germs in food, so that the generated sand can be directly used as a fertilizer without being fermented and decomposed, the generated sand has high total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and also contains trace elements such as zinc, boron, manganese, magnesium, copper and the like, and the fertility of a seedling raising matrix can be increased after the sand is used as the fertilizer.

The content of organic matters in the insect sand exceeds 60%, the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium exceeds 10%, and trace elements in the insect sand are rich in species and extremely high in content (more than 1.5%). Meanwhile, the insect sand has a micro-aggregate structure with high natural porosity, and a micro-membrane formed by the secretion of the alimentary canal of the insect is coated on the surface of the insect sand, so that the oxygen content of the soil can be improved, and the insect sand has a micro-ecological balance effect and a good water retention effect on the soil.

Preferably, the volume ratio of the insect sand to the grass carbon in the organic material is (2:4) - (6: 0).

Preferably, the particle size of the insect sand is less than or equal to 2 mm.

Preferably, the volume ratio of the organic material to the vermiculite to the perlite is 6:2: 2.

Preferably, the particle size of the vermiculite is less than or equal to 2 mm; the particle size of the perlite is less than or equal to 2 mm.

Preferably, the adding amount of the zeolite powder is 0.5-1.5% of the sum of the mass of the organic material, the vermiculite and the perlite.

Preferably, the particle size of the zeolite powder is 100-200 meshes.

The invention adopts zeolite powder with small particle size and strong adsorption capacity as a raw material, and combines with insect sand with a micro-aggregate structure with high natural porosity, so that the prepared pepper seedling culture substrate can prolong the fertilizer-water persistence of the substrate during seedling culture, and can effectively shorten the calendar seedling age when strong pepper seedlings are cultured.

The second technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the preparation method of the pepper seedling culture substrate comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the insect sand, the grass peat, the vermiculite, the perlite and the zeolite powder to prepare the pepper seedling substrate.

The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

according to the invention, the pepper seedling substrate is prepared by taking the insect sand as the raw material, fermentation and decomposition are not needed, the time is greatly saved, the insect sand not only has high nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, but also contains trace elements such as zinc, boron, manganese, magnesium, copper and the like, and the insect sand serving as the raw material of the seedling substrate can increase the fertility of the seedling substrate.

According to the invention, through reasonable proportioning of the raw materials, the prepared pepper seedling culture medium is used for culturing pepper seedlings, the pepper strong seedling culture period can be shortened, the fertilizer and water consumption is saved, the utilization rate is improved, and the competitive advantage of the pepper strong seedling culture is fully embodied.

The preparation method of the pepper seedling substrate provided by the invention has the advantages of simple technology, convenience in operation, suitability for industrial production requirements, and obvious economic, social and ecological benefits.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a picture of a pepper seedling cultivated by the pepper seedling substrate of comparative example 1 and examples 1 to 5, wherein the calendar seedling age of the pepper seedling reaches 35 days.

FIG. 2 is a picture of pepper seedlings grown on the pepper seedling substrate of comparative example 1 and examples 6 to 10 with a calendar seedling age of pepper of up to 35 days.

FIG. 3 is a picture of a seedling of a capsicum cultivated by the capsicum seedling medium of comparative example 1 and examples 11 to 15, wherein the calendar seedling of the capsicum is up to 35 days.

FIG. 4 is a picture of pepper seedlings grown by the pepper seedling raising substrate of comparative examples 1 to 4 and example 13, with a calendar seedling age of pepper of up to 35 days.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention. It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention.

As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.

The insect sand used in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention was provided by a certain edible fungus base in Cangzhou city of Hebei province, zeolite powder was purchased from the flourishing scientific and technological company of Beijing, and imported peat (Floragard), perlite and vermiculite were provided by a certain seedling raising factory in Dingxing county of Hebei.

Example 1

Preparing a pepper seedling culture substrate:

(1) spreading the feces and sand collected from scarab larva in shade, naturally ventilating, drying, grinding, sieving with 2mm sieve to obtain insect sand, and collecting.

(2) Scattering imported turf, ventilating and drying in the shade for 24h, and collecting for later use.

(3) Uniformly mixing perlite and vermiculite with the particle size of less than or equal to 2mm according to the equal volume ratio, and collecting for later use.

(4) Mixing the insect sand obtained in the step (1) with the dried imported grass carbon obtained in the step (2) according to the volume ratio of 2:4, and collecting for later use.

(5) And (4) mixing the mixture obtained in the step (4) with the mixture obtained in the step (3) according to the volume ratio of 6:4, and collecting for later use.

(6) And (3) adding 100-200 meshes of zeolite powder into the compound mixture obtained in the step (5), wherein the amount of the added zeolite powder is 0.5% of the amount of the compound mixture obtained in the step (5), and uniformly mixing to obtain the pepper seedling culture substrate.

Example 2

Preparing a pepper seedling culture substrate:

compared with the example 1, the difference is that the mixing ratio of the insect sand to the dried imported grass carbon in the step (4) is 3: 3. Other conditions were the same as in example 1.

Example 3

Preparing a pepper seedling culture substrate:

compared with the example 1, the difference is that the mixing ratio of the insect sand to the dried imported grass carbon in the step (4) is 4: 2. Other conditions were the same as in example 1.

Example 4

Preparing a pepper seedling culture substrate:

compared with the example 1, the difference is that the mixing ratio of the insect sand to the dried imported grass carbon in the step (4) is 5: 1. Other conditions were the same as in example 1.

Example 5

Preparing a pepper seedling culture substrate:

compared with the example 1, the difference is that the mixing ratio of the insect sand to the dried imported grass carbon in the step (4) is 6: 0. Other conditions were the same as in example 1.

Example 6

Preparing a pepper seedling culture substrate:

compared with the example 1, the difference is that the amount of the zeolite powder added in the step (6) is 1 percent of the amount of the compound mixture obtained in the step (5). Other conditions were the same as in example 1.

Example 7

Preparing a pepper seedling culture substrate:

compared with the example 2, the difference is that the amount of the zeolite powder added in the step (6) is 1 percent of the amount of the compound mixture obtained in the step (5). Other conditions were the same as in example 2.

Example 8

Preparing a pepper seedling culture substrate:

compared with example 3, the difference is that the amount of zeolite powder added in step (6) is 1% of the amount of the compound mixture obtained in step (5). Other conditions were the same as in example 3.

Example 9

Preparing a pepper seedling culture substrate:

compared with example 4, the difference is that the amount of zeolite powder added in step (6) is 1% of the amount of the compound mixture obtained in step (5). Other conditions were the same as in example 4.

Example 10

Preparing a pepper seedling culture substrate:

compared with example 5, the difference is that the amount of zeolite powder added in step (6) is 1% of the amount of the compound mixture obtained in step (5). Other conditions were the same as in example 5.

Example 11

Preparing a pepper seedling culture substrate:

compared with the example 1, the difference is that the amount of the zeolite powder added in the step (6) is 1.5 percent of the mass of the compound mixture obtained in the step (5). Other conditions were the same as in example 1.

Example 12

Preparing a pepper seedling culture substrate:

compared with the example 2, the difference is that the amount of the zeolite powder added in the step (6) is 1.5 percent of the mass of the compound mixture obtained in the step (5). Other conditions were the same as in example 2.

Example 13

Preparing a pepper seedling culture substrate:

compared with example 3, the difference is that the amount of zeolite powder added in step (6) is 1.5% of the amount of the compound mixture obtained in step (5). Other conditions were the same as in example 3.

Example 14

Preparing a pepper seedling culture substrate:

compared with example 4, the difference is that the amount of zeolite powder added in step (6) is 1.5% of the amount of the compound mixture obtained in step (5). Other conditions were the same as in example 4.

Example 15

Preparing a pepper seedling culture substrate:

compared with example 5, the difference is that the amount of zeolite powder added in step (6) is 1.5% of the amount of the compound mixture obtained in step (5). Other conditions were the same as in example 5.

Comparative example 1

Preparing a pepper seedling culture substrate:

(1) scattering imported turf, ventilating and drying in the shade for 24h, and collecting for later use.

(2) Uniformly mixing perlite and vermiculite with the particle size of less than or equal to 2mm according to the equal volume ratio, and collecting for later use.

(3) And (3) mixing the dried imported turf obtained in the step (1) and the mixture obtained in the step (2) according to the volume ratio of 6:4, and uniformly mixing to obtain the pepper seedling culture medium.

Comparative example 2

Preparing a pepper seedling culture substrate:

compared with example 13, the dung sand of the dried chafer larva is replaced by dried unfermented cow dung with the grain diameter less than or equal to 2 mm. Other conditions were the same as in example 13.

Comparative example 3

Preparing a pepper seedling culture substrate:

compared with the embodiment 13, the dung sand of the dried chafer larva is replaced by dried and fermented cow dung with the grain diameter less than or equal to 2 mm. Other conditions were the same as in example 13.

Comparative example 4

Preparing a pepper seedling culture substrate:

compared with the embodiment 13, the zeolite powder in the step (6) is replaced by zeolite powder with 50-100 meshes. Other conditions were the same as in example 13.

The physicochemical properties of the pepper seedling raising substrates prepared in examples 1 to 15 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were measured, and the measurement results are shown in table 1.

The pepper seedling raising substrate prepared in the examples 1 to 15 and the comparative examples 1 to 4 is used for cultivating pepper seedlings, and the method comprises the following steps: the prepared pepper seedling raising matrix is respectively put into black seedling raising trays with 50 holes, 1 pepper seed (Jinyang) is directly sowed in each hole after excessive formula matrix is scraped, the planting hole is covered with perlite, the pepper seedling raising trays are directly put into seedling raising facilities for seedling raising after spraying and watering are thoroughly carried out, three formulas are arranged, and the arrangement positions of the hole trays are randomly arranged. During the period, water is sprayed once in the morning every day, 1 time Hongland nutrient solution is sprayed once every 2 days, and other agricultural technologies are carried out according to conventional management; when the calendar seedling age of the pepper reaches 35 days, recording the appearance of the pepper seedling, and the pictures are shown in figures 1-4; and measuring the morphological index and the physiological index of the pepper seedlings. The measurement results of the morphological indexes of the pepper seedlings are shown in a table 2; the measurement results of the physiological indexes of the pepper seedlings are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 1 physicochemical Properties of the matrices of the different formulations

As can be seen from Table 1, compared with comparative example 1, the volume weight, pH, EC and water holding porosity of the matrix in the formula are all significantly increased, so that the air-water ratio can be optimally regulated and controlled by reducing the ventilation porosity, appropriate oxygen and water are provided for the root growth of pepper seedlings, and the cultivation of strong pepper seedlings is promoted.

TABLE 2 morphological indexes of pepper seedlings under different formula matrixes

As can be seen from Table 2, compared with comparative example 1, the formula substrate of the invention remarkably promotes the growth of pepper seedlings, and the growth is represented by the improvement of the plant height, stem thickness, dry fresh weight, leaf area and strong seedling index of parts above and below the ground of the pepper, wherein the plant height, fresh weight and leaf area are increased maximally, and the maximum increase is increased by 81-130% compared with the control. The comprehensive indexes of comparative examples 2-4 are all inferior to those of example 13, which shows that the growth of pepper seedlings can be effectively promoted by controlling the granularity of zeolite powder, and the insect sand effect adopted by the method is superior to that of livestock manure.

TABLE 3 physiological index of pepper seedlings under different formula matrixes

As can be seen from Table 3, compared with comparative example 1, the formula substrate of the invention significantly increases the content of soluble sugar in root systems and soluble protein in leaves of pepper seedlings, and shows that the formula substrate of the invention can promote the outward transportation, transformation and storage of the soluble sugar formed by photosynthesis of pepper leaves and provides an important carbon skeleton for the synthesis of the soluble protein in leaves. The comprehensive indexes of comparative examples 2-4 are all inferior to those of example 13, which shows that the content of soluble sugar in root systems and soluble protein in leaves of pepper seedlings can be improved by controlling the granularity of zeolite powder, and the insect sand effect adopted by the method is superior to that of livestock manure.

And finally, performing comprehensive score ordering on the formula substrate and the comparative examples 1-4 by using a principal component analysis method, and finding that the formula substrate in the example 13 has the highest score, which shows that the formula substrate can be used for cultivating robust pepper seedlings and is the optimal formula for pepper seedling cultivation.

The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.

Claims

1. The pepper seedling culture substrate is characterized by comprising the following components: organic materials, vermiculite, perlite and zeolite powder; the organic material consists of insect sand and turf.

2. The pepper seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the insect sand to the grass peat in the organic material is (2:4) - (6: 0).

3. The pepper seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the insect sand is dried dung sand of chafer larva.

4. The pepper seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle size of the insect sand is less than or equal to 2 mm.

5. The pepper seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the organic material to the vermiculite to the perlite is 6:2: 2.

6. The pepper seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle size of the vermiculite is less than or equal to 2 mm; the particle size of the perlite is less than or equal to 2 mm.

7. The pepper seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of the zeolite powder added is 0.5-1.5% of the total mass of the organic material, vermiculite and perlite.

8. The pepper seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the zeolite powder has a particle size of 100-200 meshes.

9. A method for preparing a pepper seedling raising substrate as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of: and uniformly mixing the insect sand, the grass peat, the vermiculite, the perlite and the zeolite powder to prepare the pepper seedling culture substrate.