CN102211966A - Sunlight greenhouse hot pepper seedling culturing substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Sunlight greenhouse hot pepper seedling culturing substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102211966A CN102211966A CN2011101471681A CN201110147168A CN102211966A CN 102211966 A CN102211966 A CN 102211966A CN 2011101471681 A CN2011101471681 A CN 2011101471681A CN 201110147168 A CN201110147168 A CN 201110147168A CN 102211966 A CN102211966 A CN 102211966A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sunlight greenhouse hot pepper seedling culturing substrate and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following step of: performing plug seedling by taking decomposed maize straws, dairy manure, vermiculite and grass carbon as materials, using 5 kinds of compound substrates with different volume mixture ratios and taking hot pepper (Longjiao No.2) as a test material, wherein when the volume ratio of the decomposed maize straws to the decomposed dairy manure to the grass carbon to the vermiculite is 2:4:2:2 according to a screened substrate formula, an optimal seeding culturing effect can be achieved. The seedling culturing substrate has the advantages of scientific formula, simple process, high plug seedling formation rate, good weight, physicochemical indexes meeting the requirement of a seeding culturing substrate and good seeding culturing effect. After the seedling culturing substrate is applied, the production cost of a cultivating substrate can be lowered remarkably, the yield and the quality of hot pepper are improved, the incomes of peasants are increased, and the popularization and the application of an organic ecological soilless seedling culturing technology are accelerated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the arviculture field, be specifically related to heliogreenhouse pepper seedling raising medium and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Agricultural maimed gurry such as feces of livestock and poultry in the stalk of crop, the aquaculture contains rich nutrient substances in the plant husbandry, belongs to typical biomass resource, has very high recycle and is worth.But because the restriction of the traditional agriculture mode of production is arranged, to the abandoned biomass resource utilize mode fairly simple, mainly utilize in the mode of fuel and farm manure.Chemical fertilizer and the agricultural chemicals input amount is big, soil continuous cropping obstacle and problems such as disease and pest harm is serious, the guarantee of product safety difficult quality in producing at facility, with the maimed gurry of farming is basic raw material, by the modern project technical finesse, nutrient uptake feature according to Different Crop, research and development are suitable for the biomass combined cultivation matrix of different protected crops, when purifying rural environment, agricultural maimed gurry recycle, reach the target of nuisanceless production.Research purpose of the present invention is, to stalk and feces of livestock and poultry ferment, harmless treatment such as compost, as the base starting material that facility is grown seedlings, reduce seedling cost, realize agricultural wastes " resource utilization " recycle on the spot.
Matrix is the key factor of hole plate seedling growth, is the basic substance that seedlings root is rely and grown, and is the primary condition of seedling development, and is closely related with seedling nutrient, moisture transportation rule and growth of seedlings growth and seedling quality; Be the basis of industrial seedling rearing, directly influence quality and the nursery effect of seedling.Seedling medium is exactly according to the needs of growth of seedling, utilize organic and inorganic material and formulated high-quality soil or the soilless culture substrate of microbial preparation.Substrate formula is the important factor that influences the hole plate seedling growth quality, it is as substrate material with the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite that hole plate seedling growth adopts maximum at present in the world, in seedling raising process, need constantly kind according to vegetable seedling, by a certain percentage, apply macroelement and micro-chemical fertilizer at different growth periods, cause the seedling cost height, seeding raising technology is difficult to be grasped, and consumes a large amount of Nonrenewable resources etc., and the vegetable products of producing does not reach green food standard.The peat composed of rotten mosses is widely used in gardening plant is grown seedlings and cultivated with its distinctive physico-chemical property; but the peat composed of rotten mosses has non-renewable; therefore, development and utilization wide material sources, stable performance, cheap, the research of being convenient to the alternative matrix of the peat composed of rotten mosses of mass-producing commodity production has again become focus.The annual 600000000 tons of agricultural crop straws of China, only 1/3 stalk is utilized, and other major parts are burned, utilize stalk to grow seedlings, both can make full use of stalk resource, and alleviate the negative impact of crop straw burning heap ecotope, being again that the organic sustainable ecological agriculture of development is not replaceable has an approach.And crop material is a wheat stalk mostly the research also of seedling medium, and the maize straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed is also many based on cultivation matrix as organic substrate, and is also fewer as the research of seedling medium.
The cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed is a kind of good organic fertilizer, and is many about the report that the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed is used, but most about become thoroughly decomposed cow dung system fertilizer with and the nutrient transformation rule: can improve the feeding value of dwarf elephant grass as the increase cow dung amount of application that becomes thoroughly decomposed; Add the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed, significantly increase nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium nutrition content of passionflower fruit slag compost, improve the quality of composting production etc.And it is less with the report of fertile cultivation seedling with the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed as matrix.
Present situation at domestic organic substrate research, research and utilization this area is abundant draws materials easily, low price and contain rich nutrient substances and the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed of the become thoroughly decomposed maize straw and the fermentation of stable physicochemical character etc. is raw material, itself and inorganic matrixes such as the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite are mixed, screen the composite interstitial substance of several different ratioss, compare with the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite, study its influence to the growth of capsicum seedling, be intended to reuse agricultural wastes the become thoroughly decomposed maize straw and the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed, reduce peat composed of rotten mosses consumption, make the seedling medium localization.Educate the capsicum seedling for developing suitable local industrial hole plate, the green capsicum of production safety fine provides theoretical foundation.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is exactly at above-mentioned defective of the prior art, discloses a kind of heliogreenhouse pepper seedling raising medium, includes the maize straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite; Described each proportion of raw materials is for according to the volume ratio maize straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed: the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed: the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite is 1: 1: 1: 1 or 1: 1: 2: 1 or 1: 2: 1: 1.
The powder particle diameter of the described maize straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 4mm.
Described cow dung and the peat composed of rotten mosses particle diameter of becoming thoroughly decomposed is 5mm.
Another object of the present invention just provides a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned heliogreenhouse pepper seedling raising medium, includes following steps:
1) pulverizes the maize straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed;
2) the become thoroughly decomposed cow dung and the peat composed of rotten mosses sieves;
3) will become thoroughly decomposed maize straw, the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite mixes.
It is 4mm that the maize straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed in the described step 1) is crushed to particle diameter.
Described step 2) in, the become thoroughly decomposed cow dung and the peat composed of rotten mosses are crossed the 5mm sieve.
In the described step 3), each raw material is according to the volume ratio maize straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed: the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed: the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite is 1: 1: 1: 1 or 1: 1: 2: 1 or 1: 2: 1: 1 mixes.
Beneficial effect:
With peat composed of rotten mosses matrix phase ratio, corn stalk organic culture substrate water holding space is little than the peat composed of rotten mosses, pH is subacidity, specific conductivity is than peat composed of rotten mosses height, when being used for gardening plant and growing seedlings, should be composite with materials such as vermiculite, perlite, peanut hull meals, with suitable adjusting matrix salinity, because matrix water holding voidage is little than the peat composed of rotten mosses, should increase frequency of irrigation when peat composed of rotten mosses matrix is used relatively in growing nursery and culture.
Leaf emergence provided by the invention all is higher than contrast, and (maize straw becomes thoroughly decomposed: the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed: the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite is 1V: 2V: 1V: 1V) seedling rate is the highest with the third combination formula especially.
The result shows, each seedling of handling growth is normal, and height of seedling, stem are thick, the fresh weight value of the number of blade, overground part dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings and underground part is all very high.The pH that it is generally acknowledged matrix should be subacidity or neutrality, i.e. pH6.5～7.0.The pH value of composite fermented substrate is more than 7, can make the potential of hydrogen of fermented substrate reach the scope that is fit to plant-growth through the adjusting of calcium superphosphate.Be improved with handling each pH value of handling of time lengthening, and the Changing Pattern unanimity reached stable at the 20th day.The EC value is to analyze another index of cultivation matrix, and the EC value of fermented substrate is 0.5-1.2mScm
-1Between, illustrate that the EC value is suitable, be suitable for the safe EC value scope of plant growth: 2.6mScm
-1Below, most of plants can suffer salt damage, must carry out drip washing; And peat composed of rotten mosses EC value is 0.64mScm
-1, be fit to grow seedlings, bed plant and salt-tolerant plant not.According to the aggregation of data of this test gained as can be known, by being mixed of stalk and vermiculite, the become thoroughly decomposed cow dung and the peat composed of rotten mosses, several processing are big for the improved effect of EC value.In the seedling medium provided by the invention, the third composite interstitial substance is the maize straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed according to volume ratio: the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed: the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite=1: 2: 1: 1, and unit weight is 0.40gcm
-3, total porosity is 65.82%, and the water holding hole is 56.66%, and the ventilating slit is 9.16%, and water-gas ratio is 6.58, PH7.39, EC1.13mscm
-1The matrix physical and chemical index satisfies the seedling medium requirement, show as emerge early and neat, seedling rate is high, plant height, the stem of back 60 days seedling of emerging is thick, root is long, hat dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings, root dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings, whole strain dry weight, 9 indexs of index in strong sprout be between processing the highest, remarkable with contrast difference; Chlorophyll a content and soluble protein content are the highest between handling, and root system vigor, chlorophyll b content, chlorophyll (a+b) content and soluble sugar content all are significantly higher than all the other processing and contrast.Comprehensive every index shows, embodiment 3 each matrix maize straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed by volume: the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed: the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite=2: 4: 2: 2 nursery effects are best.
So this heliogreenhouse organic raising seedling substrate formula (maize straw becomes thoroughly decomposed: the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed: the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite) they characteristics that possess are as follows:
One, become thoroughly decomposed maize straw, become thoroughly decomposed cow dung and peat composed of rotten mosses quality is soft, capsicum shoot root system can be deep into organic substrate, matrix and root system are closely linked, help absorbing nutrient and moisture, but the composition of the corn that produce various places, the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite has certain difference, should detect physico-chemical properties such as organic content, potential of hydrogen, available N, P, K content before using, otherwise the capsicum seedling, because of the too much or very few poor growth of certain material in the matrix.
Though two, capsicum seedling its plant height, stem in 4 kinds of composite interstitial substances is thick, the exhibition number of sheets is variant, but all do not reach utmost point conspicuous level, index, root system vigor all have certain difference to the capsicum seedling its complete stool dry weight, overground part dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings, underground part dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings, strong sprout in 4 kinds of composite interstitial substances, the capsicum seedling becomes thoroughly decomposed at the maize straw 20%+ that becomes thoroughly decomposed that the plant height, stem of cow dung 40% matrix is thick, the exhibition number of sheets, overground part dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings, underground part fresh weight all are better than other matrix, and difference reaches conspicuous level.After the capsicum seedling field planting of in the maize straw 20%+ that becomes thoroughly decomposed becomes thoroughly decomposed cow dung 40% matrix, cultivating, continue to keep good growing way all to be higher than the capsicum seedling that other matrix is cultivated.
Three, because the shared room of the volume in each hole and every rice shoot is very little, so capsicum seedling required fertility seedling age and calendar seedling age when in the dish of cave, cultivating, must there be the fertility seedling age of seedlings and soil and calendar seedling age little than routine.In summer and autumn, when growing seedlings with 50 holes dishes, 6～7 leaves of capsicum fertility seedling age, calendar seedling age 60d (my god) about get final product.
Four, evidence maize straw 20%+ cow dung 40% matrix of becoming thoroughly decomposed of becoming thoroughly decomposed is to carry out the good selection of capsicum hole plate seedling growth except that inorganic matrixes such as vermiculite, perlite, rock wool.The peat composed of rotten mosses is Nonrenewable resources, should develop in order, excess exploitation blindly, limited resources is exhausted very soon, therefore utilize local resources matrix abundant, that cheap agricultural crop straws such as the maize straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed are done hole plate seedling growth to meet national conditions, province-circumstance, its development potentiality is huge.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the influence that different ingredients matrix changes the chilli seedling plant height.
Fig. 2 is that different ingredients matrix is to the thick influence that changes of chilli seedling stem.
Fig. 3 is that different ingredients matrix is to the long influence that changes of chilli seedling root.
Fig. 4 is the influence that different ingredients matrix changes chilli seedling over-ground part fresh weight.
Fig. 5 is the influence that different ingredients matrix changes chilli seedling over-ground part dry weight.
Fig. 6 is the influence that different ingredients matrix changes chilli seedling seedling root fresh weight.
Fig. 7 is the influence that different ingredients matrix changes chilli seedling seedling root dry weight.
Fig. 8 is the influence that different ingredients matrix changes chilli seedling seedling complete stool dry weight.
Fig. 9 is the influence of different ingredients matrix to chilli seedling index variation in strong sprout.
Figure 10 is the influence that different ingredients matrix changes chilli seedling seedlings root vigor.
Figure 11 is that different ingredients matrix is to the influence of capsicum in seedling leaves chlorophyll a content in seedling stage.
Figure 12 is that different ingredients matrix is to the influence of capsicum in seedling leaves chlorophyll b content in seedling stage.
Figure 13 is that different ingredients matrix is to the capsicum influence that the seedling leaves chlorophyll content changes in seedling stage.
The matrix unit weight that Figure 14 handles for different ingredients changes.
The matrix general porosity that Figure 15 handles for different ingredients changes.
The matrix ventilating slit that Figure 16 handles for different ingredients changes.
The matrix water holding hole that Figure 17 handles for different ingredients changes.
The matrix water to steam ratio that Figure 18 handles for different ingredients changes.
The matrix pH value that Figure 19 handles for different ingredients changes.
The matrix EC value that Figure 20 handles for different ingredients changes.
Figure 21 is the influence of different ingredients matrix to pepper seedling raising phase blade Net Photosynthetic Rate.
Figure 22 is the influence of different ingredients matrix to the maximum photochemistry efficiency change of pepper seedling raising phase blade PS II.
Figure 23 is the influence of different ingredients matrix to pepper seedling raising phase blade antenna transformation efficiency.
Figure 24 is the influence of different ingredients matrix to pepper seedling raising phase blade PS II electron transport efficient.
The matrix total nitrogen content that Figure 25 handles for different ingredients changes.
Figure 26 is the variation of the matrix content of tatal phosphorus of different ingredients processing.
Figure 27 is the variation of the full potassium content of matrix of different ingredients processing.
Figure 28 is the variation of the matrix alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content of different ingredients processing.
Figure 29 is the variation of the matrix available phosphorus content of different ingredients processing.
Figure 30 is the variation of the matrix quick-acting potassium content of different ingredients processing.
Figure 31 is the variation of the organic quality of matrix of different ingredients processing.
Figure 32 is the variation of the matrix C/N ratio of different ingredients processing.
Embodiment
Experimental technique among the following embodiment and used reagent if no special instructions, are ordinary method and conventional reagent.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of preparation method of heliogreenhouse pepper seedling raising medium includes following steps:
1) pulverizing maize straw to the particle diameter that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 4mm;
2) the become thoroughly decomposed cow dung and the peat composed of rotten mosses crossed 5mm sieve;
3) will become thoroughly decomposed maize straw, the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite mixes according to volume ratio 1: 1: 1: 1 mixes.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of preparation method of heliogreenhouse pepper seedling raising medium includes following steps:
1) pulverizing maize straw to the particle diameter that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 4mm;
2) the become thoroughly decomposed cow dung and the peat composed of rotten mosses crossed 5mm sieve;
3) will become thoroughly decomposed maize straw, the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite mixes according to volume ratio 1: 1: 2: 1 mixes.
A kind of preparation method of heliogreenhouse pepper seedling raising medium includes following steps:
1) pulverizing maize straw to the particle diameter that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 4mm;
2) the become thoroughly decomposed cow dung and the peat composed of rotten mosses crossed 5mm sieve;
3) will become thoroughly decomposed maize straw, the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite mixes according to volume ratio 1: 2: 1: 1 mixes.
Embodiment 4:
1, the matrix volume proportion of different treatment, as shown in table 1:
Table 1
2, the different powder particle diameter physical propertiess of maize straw, as shown in table 2:
Table 2
After measured index as can be seen, particle diameter is the maize straw unit weight maximum of 1mm, the highest water-holding power of the minimum venting capability of the maize straw unit weight of not pulverizing is the most weak.Wherein with its air permeability of pulverization process and the equilibrium of retentiveness ability of 4mm, unit weight is little, does the matrix batching and has soft loose characteristics.
3, each base starting material physico-chemical property of fermentative processing, as shown in table 3:
Table 3
With respect to the fermentation raw material maize straw, corn stalk matrix (4mm) unit weight after the fragmentation fermentation, total porosity, water holding hole all have increase by a relatively large margin, and wherein, unit weight has increased by 1 times, and total porosity has increased by 40.6%, and the water holding hole rises 66.5%.Compare with the peat composed of rotten mosses, general porosity is big by 10.6% than the peat composed of rotten mosses, the water holding hole is little by 34.8% than the peat composed of rotten mosses, and the ventilating slit is 4 times of the peat composed of rotten mosses, and the water retention property of corn stalk matrix is not as the peat composed of rotten mosses; The pH value is high by 3.9% than the peat composed of rotten mosses, is slightly acidic, and specific conductivity is high 17 times than the peat composed of rotten mosses.
The unit weight that single-matrix is handled than the maize straw different-grain diameter is big, especially improves 72% with cow dung than 1mm stalk.And total porosity is all handled less than the stalk different-grain diameter.Ventilate the space with the peat composed of rotten mosses-1mm, cow dung-2mm, vermiculite-4mm is corresponding.The ventilation of 4mm stalk and water-holding power and commonly used seedling medium vermiculite are more approaching as can be seen.
4, different substrates proportioning physico-chemical property, as shown in table 4:
Table 4
Annotate: different letter representation significant differences (P＜0.05) in the same column, down together.
As can be seen from Table 4, each unit weight of handling is at 0.31-0.40gcm
-3Between, embodiment 3 and the no significant difference of contrast, all the other are handled all significantly less than contrast, but equal 0.1-0.8gcm in ideal range
-3Each handles total porosity between 65.63%～74.87%, and is not remarkable with contrast difference, and its value is in suitable 65%～96% scope.The variation of ventilating slit is consistent with total porosity, and is not remarkable with contrast difference, and water-gas ratio changes consistent with the water holding hole; The different treatment pH value is between 7.12-7.47, and neutrality is alkali partially, but all there were significant differences between handling and contrast and handling.Embodiment 1, embodiment 3 handle pH value and are significantly higher than contrast, are lower than contrast but embodiment 2 handles PH.PH is followed successively by from high to low between different treatment: embodiment 1＞embodiment 3＞embodiment 2; Each is handled the composite interstitial substance specific conductivity and all is significantly higher than contrast, and the different treatment differences is remarkable, and EC value size is followed successively by embodiment 3＞embodiment 1＞embodiment 2, and it is worth at 0.91～1.29mscm
-1Between, help the clear water pouring and grow seedlings.
5, the different substrates proportioning is emerged to capsicum and the influence of seedling growth, and is as shown in table 5:
Table 5
Annotate: the different upper and lower case letters in the same column are represented utmost point significant difference (P＜0.01) and remarkable (P＜0.05).Down together
Find out that by table 5 capsicum seedling rate difference is extremely remarkable between each processing, embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 were at after planting the 8th day, and seedling rate reaches 87.5% and 88.5%, is higher than contrast 6.06% and 7.27%; Embodiment 3 reaches 90.0%, is significantly higher than contrast 9.09%, and embodiment 1, embodiment 2 are a little more than contrast, and embodiment 3 seedling rates are the highest.So screening embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 are pepper seedling raising experiment in cultivation matrix.And measure its matrix nutrient situation and chilli seedling quality.
6, the influence that the different substrates proportioning is thick to pepper seedling plant height, stem, root is long, as shown in table 6:
Table 6
As can be seen from Table 6, the different substrates proportioning of pepper seedling raising screening is handled each form physical signs and all is better than contrast, and is best with the growing way of embodiment 3, young plant Gao Youzhuan.Plant height strain embodiment 3＞embodiment 2＞embodiment 1 wherein, it is remarkable that each handles differences, and embodiment 3 and embodiment 2 are significantly higher than contrast, respectively than high 55.4% and 15% of CK; Stem slightly shows as embodiment 3＞embodiment 2＞embodiment 1＞CK, and is remarkable with contrast difference with embodiment 3 and embodiment 2 between each is handled, respectively than the growth of CK 19.8% and 14.5%; The long embodiment 3＞embodiment of root 2＞embodiment 1, it is remarkable that each handles differences, and embodiment 3 is significantly higher than contrast 6.87%, embodiment 2 and the no significant difference of contrast, embodiment 1 significantly is lower than contrast 25.50%.
7, the different substrates proportioning is to the influence of pepper seedling dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings, strong sprout index, root/shoot ratio, and is as shown in table 7:
Table 7
As shown in Table 7, the different substrates proportioning to the pepper seedling dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings and strong sprout index remarkably influenced is arranged.Each is handled the hat fresh weight and changes consistent with plant height; The hat dry weight shows as embodiment 3＞embodiment 1＞embodiment 2, and each is handled and all is significantly higher than contrast, is significantly higher than all the other processing with embodiment 3 between processing; Do not have significant difference between root fresh weight embodiment 3 and the embodiment 2, all be significantly higher than contrast and embodiment 1, embodiment 1 and the no significant difference of contrast; Root dry weight changes long consistent with root; Whole strain dry weight changes consistent with the hat dry weight, and embodiment 2 complete stool dry weights are significantly higher than all the other and handle, and is 5 times of contrast; The indexed performance in strong sprout is embodiment 3＞embodiment 1＞embodiment 2, and the height ratio contrast of the index in strong sprout of embodiment 3 has improved 30%, does not have significant difference between processing, all is significantly higher than contrast.
8, the different substrates proportioning is to the influence of pepper seedling root system vigor, chlorophyll content, soluble proteins and soluble sugar content, and is as shown in table 8:
Table 8
As can be seen from Table 8: the different substrates proportioning has remarkably influenced to pepper seedling root system vigor, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content and soluble sugar content; Root system vigor embodiment 3＞embodiment 1＞embodiment 2, it is remarkable that each handles differences, and wherein embodiment 3 and embodiment 1 are significantly higher than contrast, and embodiment 2 significantly is lower than contrast, soluble protein content embodiment 3＞embodiment 2＞embodiment 1, embodiment 3 is significantly higher than other processing.Embodiment 3 soluble protein contents are higher than contrast 6.47%, and embodiment 1, embodiment 2 significantly are lower than contrast 48.76% and 55.15%; Soluble sugar content embodiment 3＞embodiment 1＞embodiment 2, it is remarkable that each handles differences, and wherein embodiment 3 is significantly higher than other processing and contrast, and embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 significantly are lower than contrast 42.70% and 36.25%.。The formulation media that screening is described can effectively promote the accumulation of root biomass, thereby improves plant growing way and biological yield.
Chlorophyll a content shows as embodiment 3 and is significantly higher than other processing, embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 no significant differences, and wherein embodiment 3 and embodiment 2 and the no significant difference of contrast handle 2 and significantly are lower than contrast; Chlorophyll b content and chlorophyll (a+b) content shows as embodiment 3＞embodiment 1＞embodiment 2, and it is remarkable that each handles differences, and embodiment 3 is significantly higher than contrast, and embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 significantly are lower than contrast; Embodiment 3 soluble protein contents are significantly higher than contrast, and embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 significantly are lower than contrast; Soluble sugar content embodiment 3 is significantly higher than other processing and contrast, and embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 significantly are lower than contrast.
9, the essential nutrient contents of the composite front and back of organic substrate, as shown in table 9:
Table 9
Peat composed of rotten mosses total nitrogen content is the highest, full potassium, available phosphorus, and available potassium, C/N ratio are minimum, and full phosphorus and organic content are higher; The full phosphorus of cow dung, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus content are the highest; The full nitrogen of vermiculite, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, organic content are minimum; The full potassium of stalk, available potassium, organic matter, C/N ratio are the highest;
10, the different proportioning matrix preceding nutrient content of growing seedlings after composite, as shown in table 10:
Table 10
Total nitrogen content is followed successively by embodiment 3＞embodiment 2＞embodiment 1, and wherein embodiment 3, embodiment 2, embodiment 1 are higher than contrast 23.31%, 17.56%, 11.52% respectively.Each handles the content of tatal phosphorus of matrix between 1.75～2.8, all greater than contrast, full potassium content is followed successively by embodiment 1＞embodiment 2＞embodiment 3, and embodiment 1, embodiment 2 are higher than contrast 11.47% and 3.77% respectively, and embodiment 3 matrix are lower than contrast 22..94%; Embodiment 3 is the highest for alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content, and variation tendency is similar to total nitrogen content; Each handles available phosphorus content all greater than contrast, between processing with embodiment 3 for the highest, reach 202.54mg/kg; Quick-acting potassium content is followed successively by embodiment 3＞embodiment 1＞embodiment 2 all greater than contrast; Organic content embodiment 1, embodiment 3 are higher than contrast 5.33%, 0.39% respectively, and embodiment 2 is lower than contrast 0.44%; Each handles C/N ratio between 25.85～31.15, all less than contrast.
By Fig. 1-Figure 32 as can be seen:
To the 60th day, all processing plant heights all increased, and handle the most obvious with embodiment 3 especially from the beginning of growing seedlings;
Each pepper seedling of handling is in 60 days nursery stage, and stem slightly progressively increases, and it is remarkable that each handles differences, embodiment 3＞embodiment 1＞embodiment 2;
In 60 days nursery stages, pepper seedling root length is handled with embodiment 3 and is presented steady increase and root long value maximum, and all the other handle the variation tendency unanimity with contrast, to the 60th day than the slightly growth of beginning of growing seedlings;
All processing variation trend of over-ground part fresh weight are identical, increase gradually to the 60th day from the beginning of growing seedlings, and wherein embodiment 3 and embodiment 2 increasing degree maximums, it is remarkable that each handles differences, embodiment 3＞embodiment 2＞embodiment 1＞CK;
Variation tendency is consistent and all be higher than contrast to the 60th day increasing degree of growing seedlings between overground part dry-matter accumulation amount different treatment, shows as embodiment 3＞embodiment 1＞embodiment 2＞CK, and contrast begins to be kept above by the 45th day different treatment always from growing seedlings;
The root fresh weight is consistent with embodiment 2 variation tendencies with embodiment 3, and showing as progressively increases; Embodiment 1 is consistent with the contrast variation tendency, increases the back to the 45th day and keeps stable.It is remarkable that each handles differences, embodiment 3＞embodiment 2＞CK＞embodiment 1;
All processing variation trend of the dry-matter accumulation amount of root all are progressively increases trend, and it is remarkable that each handles differences, shows as embodiment 3＞CK＞embodiment 2＞embodiment 1;
All processing variation trend of pepper seedling complete stool dry-matter accumulation amount all are progressively increases trend, and it is remarkable that each handles differences, shows as embodiment 3＞embodiment 2＞embodiment 1＞CK;
The index in strong sprout of pepper seedling removes the contrast performance and increases the variation that afterwards reduces earlier, and each is handled variation tendency and all is and progressively increases trend, and significant difference, shows as embodiment 3＞embodiment 1＞embodiment 2＞CK;
All processing variation trend of root system vigor all are progressively increases trend, and it is remarkable that each handles differences, shows as embodiment 1＞CK＞embodiment 2＞embodiment 3;
Contrast all is higher than each from beginning to the 60d unit weight of growing seedlings to be handled, greater than 0.4g/cm
3Contrast unit weight is steady rising trend with the seedling raise period increase, peak value is about 0.5, all the other processing variation trend are identical, but all increase to about 0.5 to 60d unit weight, meet desirable matrix standard, wherein embodiment 3 handles behind the 30d of emerging and also keeps greater than other two processing to peaking always, embodiment 3＞embodiment 2＞embodiment 1, illustrate that cow dung and maize straw ratio and matrix unit weight are proportional, for keeping the loose permeability of the suitable preserve moisture and fertility of matrix, the ratio of cow dung and maize straw has certain difference, and greater than corn stalk, can provide adequate nutrients to reduce unit weight with its consumption simultaneously again with the cow dung ratio;
Figure 15 draws embodiment 1 and changes consistent with contrast, being descends earlier afterwards grows steadily, wherein embodiment 3 increases matrix total porosity vary stable in time, by minimum value 75% maximum that finishes to 60d of the value of beginning, its total porosity meets desirable matrix, all matrix all are improved at the 60d porosity, the matrix treatments total porosity that adds the maize straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed all is largely increased, obvious and stable increase total porosity changes but the ratio of the straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed increases the fluctuation that will cause general porosity so that the cow dung ratio of embodiment 3 processing is maximum;
Figure 16 finds out that each aeration porosity of handling all reaches maximum at 50d, the 30d minimum, all the other all increase the ventilating slit with the cultivation time and are improved at 60d to remove embodiment 3, wherein the value of an embodiment 1 meets desirable matrix standard, illustrates that the increase of maize straw has promoter action to improving the ventilating slit;
From Figure 17, Figure 18 as can be seen, the value of water holding hole and water to steam ratio all shows embodiment 3 and is significantly improved, all the other all descend after handling 40d, but the water holding hole of all matrix is all in desirable standard range, illustrates that matrix water holding hole and water to steam ratio in seedling raising process increase and reduce along with the ratio of maize straw;
As seen from Figure 19, all processing present the slowly downtrending of back that raises earlier, in the equal value of peaking of 20d, embodiment 3＞embodiment 1＞CK＞embodiment 2, the ratio and the pH value that show maize straw are inverse ratio, matrix pH value amplification in seedling raising process early stage (preceding 20d) is bigger, and the performance slight alkalinity increases each pH value of handling in time and all obviously is in stable;
Found out by Figure 20, compare the pH value, the EC value has then increased by 2～4 times, embodiment 3＞embodiment 1＞embodiment 2＞CK, and 3 matrix treatments present the 50d that afterwards rises of descending earlier and descend to peak value again, reach about 1.5 at 60d, meet desirable matrix standard; Contrast increases in time to present progressively and rises, reach stationary value until 60d from 40d, the ratio increase that maize straw is described improves the EC value may be directly related with the content of soluble salt such as potassium in the stalk, and handle also shown it is that nutrient in the maize straw is in consumption in the EC value of the 60th day embodiment 2 less than other;
Drawn by Figure 21, the pepper seedling Net Photosynthetic Rate significant difference between different substrates is handled with embodiment 3＞CK＞embodiment 2＞embodiment 1, and constantly is obviously with growth of seedlings leaf photosynthesis speed and increases;
By among Figure 22 as can be seen, the 40th day significant difference that the maximum photochemistry efficient of PS II is being handled, wherein the value of embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 is higher than other processing, with handling time lengthening, it is not remarkable that each handles differences, the maximum photochemistry efficient of the 60th day PS II is than the 40th day be improved, especially with embodiment 2＞embodiment 3＞embodiment 1＞CK;
By among Figure 23 as can be seen, antenna transformation efficiency value is respectively handled differences in nursery stage remarkable, removing embodiment 2 increases in time and has improved the antenna transformation efficiency gradually, and all the other processing variation trend are identical, shows as embodiment 3＞CK＞embodiment 2＞embodiment 1 on the 60th day;
By among Figure 24 as can be seen, it is remarkable that PS II electron transport efficiency value is managed differences throughout, embodiment 2 and contrast have improved PS II electron transport efficient with the processing time, embodiment 3 kept the highest PS II electron transport efficient always, with the 60th day embodiment 3＞CK＞embodiment 2＞embodiment 1;
As shown in Figure 25, to 60d, the total nitrogen content of different treatment matrix changes different from the beginning of growing seedlings, and contrast and embodiment 2 total nitrogen contents are reduction trend with the seedling raise period increase, and embodiment 3 0d to the 20d reduce, and are increase trend later on; Embodiment 1 40d that begins to grow seedlings is increase trend, begins later on to descend, and each is handled total nitrogen content and all is higher than contrast always, and embodiment 3 matrix total nitrogen contents are higher than other processing and contrast always.At the 60d that grows seedlings, embodiment 3 matrix rise to 8.93g/kg, total nitrogen content is followed successively by embodiment 3＞embodiment 1＞embodiment 2, be higher than contrast 43.11%, 20.19%, 19.39% respectively, total nitrogen content is the highest with the black earth in northeast, be 2.56～6.95g/kg, it is minimum and a little more than northeast black earth to draw the total nitrogen content that removes contrast through test determination, and all composite matrix all obviously show to have improved total nitrogen content and handled with embodiment 3 and are up to 8.93g/kg;
As seen from Figure 26, to 60d, contrast matrix content of tatal phosphorus is slow increase trend from the beginning of growing seedlings, and 20d reduced before embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 were the beginning of growing seedlings, later on the variation tendency that raises; Each is handled content of tatal phosphorus and all is higher than contrast whole seedling stage always, and at the 60d that grows seedlings, different treatment matrix content of tatal phosphorus is followed successively by embodiment 3＞embodiment 1＞embodiment 2, reach 3.01g/kg respectively, 2.59g/kg, 1.92g/kg, and contrast content only is 1.32g/kg; The full phosphorus of soil is meant the summation of various form phosphorus elements in the soil, and the content of the full phosphorus of China's soil roughly in 0.44～0.85g/kg scope, reaches as high as 1.8g/kg, and low have only 0.17g/kg.Record content of tatal phosphorus and remove embodiment 1 processing from experiment, all the other composite matrix all are stabilized in more than the 1.5g/kg with phosphorus content, and handle the accumulation increase that progressively promotes its content with embodiment 3;
As shown in Figure 27, to 60d, different treatment matrix and the full potassium content of contrast present elder generation and reduce the variation tendency that afterwards raises from the beginning of growing seedlings; To the 60d that grows seedlings, embodiment 3, embodiment 1 and the full potassium content of contrast increase 47.05% respectively than the content of 0d, 5.11%, 5.70%, embodiment 2 has reduced by 5.49% than 0d, embodiment 1 simultaneously, the full potassium content of embodiment 3 matrix is higher than contrast 10.85% respectively, 7.21%, 2 of embodiment are lower than contrast 7.21%, the content of full potassium is generally about 16.6g/kg in the soil, high 24.9～the 33.2g/kg that reaches, low can be to 0.83～3.3g/kg, composite matrix potassium content remains on below the 16.6g/kg at whole nursery stage, be depleted to minimum level with the 20th day of growing seedlings, so in seedling raising process, need an amount of potash fertilizer that increases to replenish;
As shown in Figure 28, to 60d, each handles matrix and contrast alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content is reduction trend, wherein respectively handles matrix alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen uniform content and directly is higher than contrast from the beginning of growing seedlings, the highest with embodiment 3 always between processing, at 0d, 20d, 40d, 60d embodiment 3 alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content are respectively 772mg/kg, 598mg/kg, 674mg/kg, 601mg/kg; Embodiment 2 is respectively 672mg/kg, 573mg/kg, 550mg/kg, 539mg/kg; Embodiment 1 is respectively 608mg/kg, 568mg/kg, 603mg/kg, 539mg/kg; Contrast is respectively 595mg/kg, 459mg/kg, 461mg/kg, 451mg/kg;
As shown in Figure 29, to 60d, it is not obvious that each handles the available phosphorus content variation tendency of matrix from the beginning of growing seedlings, but embodiment 3 begins rapid rising at 40d, increases to 673.39mg/kg to 60d; Begin to the 60d that grows seedlings from growing seedlings, each is handled the matrix available phosphorus content and all is higher than contrast always, embodiment 1 available phosphorus content fluctuation range is between 184.67～230.77mg/kg, embodiment 2 is between 121.59～179.39mg/kg, embodiment 3 is between 202.54～673.39mg/kg, to impinging upon between 26.69～30.03mg/kg;
As shown in Figure 30, prolongation with seedling raise period, the quick-acting potassium content of contrast and all processing matrix is on a declining curve, and each is handled the matrix quick-acting potassium content and all is higher than contrast always, and preceding 40d grows seedlings, embodiment 3 is higher than other processing and contrast always, 60d is a little less than embodiment 1, the 60d that grows seedlings, and different treatment matrix quick-acting potassium content is followed successively by embodiment 1＞embodiment 3＞embodiment 2, reach 1601mg/kg, 1575mg/kg, 691mg/kg respectively, and contrast only is 268mg/kg;
As shown in Figure 31, with the prolongation of seedling raise period, the organic content variation tendency difference of different treatment matrix, embodiment 1, embodiment 3 decline in preceding 20 days of growing seedlings raise in middle 20 days, descended in back 20 days; Embodiment 2 declines in preceding 20 days raise later on; Contrast, embodiment 1, the initial matrix of embodiment 3 matrix organic content have descended 12%, 13.5%, 3.5%.And embodiment 2 has raise 22.32%, the 60d that grows seedlings, and different treatment matrix organic content is followed successively by embodiment 2＞embodiment 3＞embodiment 1, reaches 275g/kg, 219g/kg, 205g/kg respectively;
As shown in Figure 32, prolong with seedling raise period, the C/N ratio variation tendency difference of different proportioning matrix, embodiment 1 is slow downtrending; 20d rose before the C/N ratio of contrast was, and began the variation tendency that descends later on; 20d descended before embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 were, later on the variation tendency that rises; When growing seedlings 60d, embodiment 2 is higher than contrast 15.91%.Embodiment 1, embodiment 3 are lower than contrast 13.86%, 22.71%.
Claims (7)
1. heliogreenhouse pepper seedling raising medium is characterized in that: include the maize straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite; Described each proportion of raw materials is the maize straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed according to volume ratio: the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed: the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite is 1:1:1:1 or 1:1:2:1 or 1:2:1:1.
2. heliogreenhouse pepper seedling raising medium as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the powder particle diameter of the described maize straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 4mm.
3. heliogreenhouse pepper seedling raising medium as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described cow dung and the peat composed of rotten mosses particle diameter of becoming thoroughly decomposed is 5mm.
4. the preparation method of a heliogreenhouse pepper seedling raising medium as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: include following steps:
1) pulverizes the maize straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed;
2) the become thoroughly decomposed cow dung and the peat composed of rotten mosses sieves;
3) will become thoroughly decomposed maize straw, the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite mixes.
5. preparation method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: it is 4mm that the maize straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed in the described step 1) is crushed to particle diameter.
6. preparation method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: described step 2), the become thoroughly decomposed cow dung and the peat composed of rotten mosses are crossed the 5mm sieve.
7. preparation method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: in the described step 3), each raw material is according to the volume ratio maize straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed: the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed: the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite is that 1:1:1:1 or 1:1:2:1 or 1:2:1:1 mix.
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| CN102515953A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2012-06-27 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Breeding substrate as well as preparation method and application for same |
| CN102584479A (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2012-07-18 | 常州科力农业资源科技有限公司 | Seedling raising matrix and production method thereof |
| CN103626554A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-03-12 | 李春娣 | Composition substrate |
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| CN109232031A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-01-18 | 青海省农林科学院 | A kind of pepper cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof |
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