CN103626586A - Vegetable and fruit biological activity seedling culture matrix as well as preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Vegetable and fruit biological activity seedling culture matrix as well as preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN103626586A
CN103626586A CN201310629799.6A CN201310629799A CN103626586A CN 103626586 A CN103626586 A CN 103626586A CN 201310629799 A CN201310629799 A CN 201310629799A CN 103626586 A CN103626586 A CN 103626586A
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seedling
fruit
sulfate
biological activity
matrix
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CN103626586B (en
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鲁耀雄
彭福元
龙世平
崔新卫
陈山
范海珊
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Changsha Haobo Biological Technology Co.,Ltd.
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HUNAN INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL RESOURCE
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Abstract

The invention discloses a vegetable and fruit biological activity seedling culture matrix as well as a preparation method and application of the vegetable and fruit biological activity seedling culture matrix. The vegetable and fruit biological activity seedling culture matrix is prepared by adding auxiliary ingredients such as excrements of plant-eating animals, soil ash or coal slag, peat, a slow-release fertilizer, a calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer, medium trace elements and a microbial agent into papermaking wastewater serving as a main ingredient. The matrix is soft, loose, ventilating, water-saving and drought-resisting. The matrix for culturing vegetable and fruit seedlings can achieve the effects of high seedling emerge speed, short seedling age, seedling strengthening, quality improvement, root activity enhancement, disease resistance and improvement on seedling emerge rate and seedling rate; furthermore, the vegetable and fruit biological activity seedling culture matrix is convenient to transplant; the slow seedling period is short; stable yield and high yield of vegetables and fruits are guaranteed.

Description

A kind of vegetable melon and fruit biological activity seedling medium and preparation method and application
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of artificial breeding matrix that vegetable melon and fruit grows seedlings and preparation method thereof that is applied to, concrete belong to a kind of and utilize Agro-industry waste to produce to there is bioactive vegetable melon and fruit seedling medium and its preparation method and application.
Background technology
Along with the development of China's vegetables industry and the propelling of industrialized agriculture, vegetable melon and fruit grow seedlings by traditional Nutrition Soil grow seedlings, feeding block seedlings raising is progressively to take hole plate seedling growth as main industrial seedling rearing.Hole plate seedling growth technology is one of optimal selection of the efficient intensive agricultural of China, sustainable agriculture and pollution-less agriculture, has very consequence and larger promotion potential.Its seedling medium is also progressively developed to Light medium by Nutrition Soil.Light medium solved Nutrition Soil, fetch earth difficulty large by soil amount, vegetation destruction is serious, thaw slowly spring, can not grow seedlings, bed soil is of poor quality in good time, a little less than seedling thin rice seedling, easily there is disease, poisoning, whole the problems such as labour intensity is large that fetch earth.But current most of Light medium be take peat as main raw material, then proportioning vermiculite, perlite etc.Yet these all belong to Nonrenewable resources (as Zhong state invention patent application publication number CN1389098A January 8 in 2003, a kind of " utilizing sphagnum moss and natural mineral matter to produce the plant growth medium of disease-free weeds " disclosed), and along with the continuous exploitation of peat resource and the discovery of new purposes, peat market value rises steadily, seedling cost is increased, restricted to a certain extent the universal and development of seeding raising technology.In recent years, many scientific and technical personnel agricultural wastes (as feces of livestock and poultry, straw, rice husk, maize straw, edible fungi residue etc.) that begin one's study partly or entirely replaced peat for substrate seedling, had made some progress.But, most of agricultural wastes substrate seedling effect is not as good as peat raise seedling matrix, and follows some special disease and pests, chemistry, ion murder by poisoning etc., cause seed to sprout and seedling rate low, do not reach the neat seedling object in strong sprout.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency existing for currently available products, the invention provides a kind of vegetable melon and fruit biological activity seedling medium, the present invention be take paper waste residue as main raw material, add auxiliary material as herbivore dejecta, burnt dust-ashes or cinder, peat, slow-release fertilizer, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, middle trace element and microbiobacterial agent, make that to have quality soft, loose ventilative, saving water, resisting drought, emerge fast, seedling age is short, upgrading in strong sprout, strengthen improving activity of root system, disease resistance, improve seedling rate and seedling rate, it is convenient to transplant, seedling-slowing stage is short, guarantee the multi-functional vegetable melon and fruits such as the vegetable melon and fruit high and stable yields biological activity matrix of growing seedlings.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of vegetable melon and fruit biological activity seedling medium.Method is simple; easily go; be conducive to vegetable melon and fruit grow seedlings mass-producing, specialization, intensive production; guarantee the universal and development of vegetable melon and fruit industrial breeding technique; be conducive to reduce the exploitation of peat resource; strengthen ecological environmental protection and improve waste utilization rate, development circulation industry and recycling economy.
A vegetable melon and fruit biological activity seedling medium, formulated by weight by following raw material:
Figure BDA0000426969440000021
Described reed slag or stalk slag, for reed or/and stalk slag; Or the reed slag producing for paper waste is or/and stalk slag, after becoming thoroughly decomposed, microorganism-decomposing agent compost maturity or natural stack retting form.
Described herbivore dejecta is that one or more process compost maturities or the natural stack retting in cow dung, horsehit, sheep excrement etc. becomes thoroughly decomposed.
Described middle trace element is that calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, borax, manganous sulfate, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate mix according to mass ratio 1~10:1~10:1~5:1~5:0~1:0~1:0~1.
Described microbiobacterial agent is that vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, subtilis, yeast, photosynthetic bacterium mix according to mass ratio 1~10:1~10:1~10:1~5:1~5:1~5; Commercially available equal of described bacterium can complete the present invention.
Described burnt dust-ashes is that heat power station or heating boiler etc. utilize the lime-ash producing after burning plants.
A preparation method for vegetable melon and fruit biological activity seedling medium, the steps include:
By above-mentioned raw materials at normal temperatures and pressures, by pulverizer, pulverize, then mixing and stirring is crossed 6 mesh sieve, and the Powdered thing of gained is vegetable melon and fruit biological activity seedling medium product of the present invention.For not meeting size of powder particles requirement, again pulverize to return and sieve.
A vegetable melon and fruit biological activity seedling medium, by following raw material formulated (preferred value) by weight:
Figure BDA0000426969440000031
Described microbiobacterial agent according to mass ratio, be vinelandii: phosphate solubilizing bacteria: potassium solubilizing bacteria: subtilis: yeast: photosynthetic bacterium=1:1:1:1:1:1 prepares;
Described middle trace element according to mass ratio, be calcium carbonate: magnesium sulfate: zinc sulfate: borax=1:1:1:1 prepares;
The reed slag that the paper waste that reed slag preferably becomes thoroughly decomposed through microorganism-decomposing agent compost maturity or natural stack retting produces.
Preferred burnt dust-ashes.
A vegetable melon and fruit biological activity seedling medium, by following raw material formulated (preferred value) by weight:
Figure BDA0000426969440000032
Described microbiobacterial agent according to mass ratio, be vinelandii: phosphate solubilizing bacteria: potassium solubilizing bacteria: subtilis: yeast: photosynthetic bacterium=2:2:2:1:1:1 prepares;
Described middle trace element according to mass ratio, be calcium carbonate: magnesium sulfate: zinc sulfate: borax=2:2:1:1 prepares;
The reed slag that the paper waste that reed slag preferably becomes thoroughly decomposed through microorganism-decomposing agent compost maturity or natural stack retting produces.
Preferred burnt dust-ashes.
A vegetable melon and fruit biological activity seedling medium, by following raw material formulated (preferred value) by weight:
Figure BDA0000426969440000041
Described microbiobacterial agent according to mass ratio, be vinelandii: phosphate solubilizing bacteria: potassium solubilizing bacteria: subtilis: yeast: photosynthetic bacterium=5:5:5:1:1:1 prepares;
Described middle trace element according to mass ratio, be calcium carbonate: magnesium sulfate: zinc sulfate: borax: manganous sulfate: copper sulfate: ferrous sulfate=5:5:2:2:1:1:1 prepares.
The reed slag that the paper waste that reed slag preferably becomes thoroughly decomposed through microorganism-decomposing agent compost maturity or natural stack retting produces.
Preferred burnt dust-ashes.
The application of a kind of vegetable melon and fruit biological activity seedling medium in vegetable melon and fruit is grown seedlings, matrix of the present invention is not needing to add other any fertilizer and raw materials when growing seedlings, directly the seed of required cultivation is cultivated, can be reached the object of neat seedling high and stable yields in strong sprout.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
The vegetable melon and fruit of the present invention biological activity matrix of growing seedlings, that reed residue or the stalk residue of take in paper waste is main body, burnt dust-ashes or cinder, peat, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, slow-release compound fertilizer, middle trace element and microbiobacterial agent etc. have been added, compare with existing seedling nutritious soil or peat raise seedling matrix, have the following advantages: the main raw material of (1) this vegetable melon and fruit biological activity seedling medium is reed residue or the stalk residue in paper waste, turn waste into wealth, realize the recycle of resource, developed recycling economy; (2) main raw material of this biological activity seedling medium belongs to renewable resources, quantity is abundant, steady sources is controlled, easily processing, save seedling cost, quality soft, loose ventilative, not ponding, do not harden, be rich in organic matter, the transportation and the culturing and transplanting seedlings that are conducive to matrix, the mass-producing of being convenient to grow seedlings, specialization, intensive production; (3) this biological activity seedling medium has added microbiobacterial agent, it not simple proportioning combination, but synergy, contain the microorganisms such as vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, the function with fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing, collaborative other microorganisms regulate the physico-chemical property of seedling medium simultaneously, form useful rhizosphere environment, strengthen the disease resistance of vegetable melon and fruit seedling, nutrition-concerted, water conservation, fertilizer conservation, the root system dish that is conducive to seedling is tied, and can emerge ahead of time, improve seedling rate and seedling rate, reach the object of neat seedling high and stable yields in strong sprout.
The grow seedlings nursery effect of biological activity matrix of vegetable melon and fruit of the present invention is very remarkable.2012-2013 is in capsicum, cucumber, in the raise seedling in greenhouse tests such as watermelon and field experiment, use the vegetable melon and fruit of the present invention biological activity seedling medium of growing seedlings to compare with the seedling medium of the present invention that does not add microbiobacterial agent with peat raise seedling matrix, vegetable melon and fruit of the present invention is grown seedlings, and to have bud ratio high for biological activity matrix, emerge fast, leaf area is large, height of seedling, stem is thick, well developed root system, be more suitable in mass-producing, specialized, intensive production, and after transplanting, slow seedling is fast, grow vigorous, bear fruit ahead of time, listing in advance, disease is few, can reduce using of chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals, vegetable melon and fruit quality is better.As capsicum volume increase 4-8%, cucumber production promoting 5-12%, increasing yield of water melons 4-9%.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further.Explanation is below the mode exemplifying, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, and embodiment of the present invention agents useful for same or material if not otherwise specified, are conventional reagent, all purchased from biochemical shop.
Embodiment 1:
The application of vegetable melon and fruit biological activity seedling medium in pepper seedling raising, specific as follows:
Get by weight 1 part, 2 parts of 15 parts, 9 parts of 8 parts of 20 parts of 35 parts of reed residues, cow dungs, carbonization rice husks, burnt dust-ashes, peat, slow-release compound fertilizers, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate in paper waste, middle micro-0.2 part, 8 parts of active humic acids, 2 parts of microbiobacterial agents are standby.
Described microbiobacterial agent is vinelandii in mass ratio: phosphate solubilizing bacteria: potassium solubilizing bacteria: subtilis: yeast: photosynthetic bacterium=1:1:1:1:1:1 prepares;
Described middle trace element according to mass ratio, be calcium carbonate: magnesium sulfate: zinc sulfate: borax=1:1:1:1 prepares;
By the material component of above-mentioned standby (reed residue and cow dung need fermentation maturity) at normal temperatures and pressures, by pulverizer, pulverize, then mixing and stirring is crossed 6 mesh sieve, and the Powdered thing of gained is vegetable melon and fruit biological activity seedling medium product of the present invention.For not meeting size of powder particles requirement, again pulverize to return and sieve.
Described vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, subtilis, yeast, photosynthetic bacterium are respectively azotobacter chroococcum, phosphorus decomposing bacillus megaterium, colloid bacillus cereus, subtilis, candidiasis, photosynthetic bacterium.
The vegetable melon and fruit of the present embodiment biological activity matrix of growing seedlings, has following physical and chemical index:
(1) organic >=20%;
(2)N+P+K≥3.5%;
(3) moisture content≤30%;
(4) miscellaneous bacteria is counted < 15%;
(5) active humic acid >=8%;
(6) fineness≤6 order;
(7) effective bacterium number>=0.5 * 10 7individual/g;
(8) validity period is≤12 months.
Precaution: the vegetable melon and fruit biological activity seedling medium of the present embodiment does not need to add other any fertilizer and raw materials, can be directly used in vegetable melon and fruit and grow seedlings.Owing to containing microorganism species in matrix, can not mix use with sterilant or antimicrobial substance.During preservation, note avoiding strong illumination, prevent and strong acid and strong base stacking etc.
Vegetable melon and fruit biological activity seedling medium of the present invention (T1), vegetable melon and fruit seedling medium of the present invention are not added to three processing of commodity seedling medium (CK) that microbial inoculum (T2) and the peat composed of rotten mosses of take are main raw material and carry out plug pepper seedling test.Capsicum kind is: grind ten No. five in Hunan, Hunan Xiang Yanzhong industry company limited, on March 25th, 2013 sowing, in the matrix that sprout-forcing direct-seeding seed does not coil to cave, after planting covers one deck matrix of the same race again, every dish 50 caves, each processing establish three parallel.In warmhouse booth, industrial seedling rearing is measured the index of growing seedlings of three kinds of different seedling mediums on April 24th, 2013 after 30 days, and nursery effect is in Table 1.
Strong sprout index=(stem thick/plant height+root dry mass/overground part dry mass) * complete stool dry mass;
Community Several harvests, accumulation meter produces, then is converted to the output of per hectare;
Blight sickness rate is every hundred strain sickness rate (%).
The impact of three kinds of different seedling mediums of table 1 on pepper seedling raising
Figure BDA0000426969440000061
Note: with different letter representation difference after column of figure, reach 5% conspicuous level, lower same.
Embodiment 2:
The application of vegetable melon and fruit biological activity seedling medium in cucumber seedling-raising, specific as follows:
Weight share is got 0.8 part, 1 part of 13 parts, 8 parts of 7 parts of 18 parts of 44 parts of reed residues, horsehits, carbonization rice husks, pulverized coal dregs, peat, slow-release compound fertilizer, the fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate of paper waste, middle micro-0.15 part, 7 parts of active humic acids, 1.5 parts of microbiobacterial agents, standby.
Described microbiobacterial agent is vinelandii according to mass ratio: phosphate solubilizing bacteria: potassium solubilizing bacteria: subtilis: yeast: photosynthetic bacterium is 2:2:2:1:1:1;
Described middle trace element according to mass ratio, be calcium carbonate: magnesium sulfate: zinc sulfate: borax=2:2:1:1;
Concrete making method and precaution etc. are identical with embodiment mono-.
Vegetable melon and fruit biological activity seedling medium of the present invention (T1), vegetable melon and fruit seedling medium of the present invention are not added to three processing of commodity seedling medium (CK) that microbial inoculum (T2) and the peat composed of rotten mosses of take are main raw material and carry out Cucumber dish seedling growth test.Seed of Fructus Cucumidis sativi is: dredge and to grind No. four, Inst. of Vegetables, Hunan Prov., on April 5th, 2013, sowing, in the matrix that sprout-forcing direct-seeding seed does not coil to cave, after planting covered one deck matrix of the same race again, every dish 50 caves, each processing establish three parallel.In warmhouse booth, industrial seedling rearing is measured the index of growing seedlings of three kinds of different seedling mediums on April 30th, 2013 after 25 days, and nursery effect is in Table 2.
Strong sprout index=(stem thick/plant height+root dry mass/overground part dry mass) * complete stool dry mass;
Community Several harvests, accumulation meter produces, then is converted to the output of per hectare;
Blight sickness rate is every hundred strain sickness rate (%).
The impact of three kinds of different seedling mediums of table 2 on cucumber seedling-raising
Figure BDA0000426969440000071
Embodiment 3:
The application of vegetable melon and fruit biological activity seedling medium in watermelon seedling culturing, specific as follows:
Weight share is got 0.5 part, 0.5 part of 10 parts, 6 parts of 6 parts of 15 parts, 55 parts of stalk residues, sheep excrement, carbonization rice husks, pulverized coal dregs, peat, slow-release compound fertilizer, the fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate of paper waste, middle micro-0.1 part, 6 parts of active humic acids, 1 part of microbiobacterial agent, standby.
Described microbiobacterial agent according to mass ratio, be vinelandii: phosphate solubilizing bacteria: potassium solubilizing bacteria: subtilis: yeast: photosynthetic bacterium=5:5:5:1:1:1 prepares;
Described middle trace element according to mass ratio, be calcium carbonate: magnesium sulfate: zinc sulfate: borax: manganous sulfate: copper sulfate: ferrous sulfate=5:5:2:2:1:1:1 prepares;
Concrete making method and precaution etc. are identical with embodiment mono-.
Vegetable melon and fruit biological activity seedling medium of the present invention (T1), vegetable melon and fruit seedling medium of the present invention are not added to three processing of commodity seedling medium (CK) that microbial inoculum (T2) and the peat composed of rotten mosses of take are main raw material and carry out watermelon seedling culturing test.Watermelon seed is: good 84-24 early, Xinjiang peasant seeds company, sowing on March 12nd, 2013, first by after watermelon seed vernalization, then is seeded in the matrix of cave dish, after planting covers one deck matrix of the same race again, every dish 50 caves, each processing establish three parallel.In warmhouse booth, industrial seedling rearing is measured the index of growing seedlings of three kinds of different seedling mediums on April 11st, 2013 after 30 days, and nursery effect is in Table 2.
Strong sprout index=(stem thick/plant height+root dry mass/overground part dry mass) * complete stool dry mass;
Community Several harvests, accumulation meter produces, then is converted to the output of per hectare;
Blight sickness rate is every hundred strain sickness rate (%).
The impact of three kinds of different seedling mediums of table 3 on watermelon seedling culturing
Figure BDA0000426969440000081
Vegetable melon and fruit biological activity seedling medium of the present invention is for mass-producing, specialization, the intensive seedling production of vegetable melon and fruit; be conducive to improve seedling rate and the seedling rate of vegetable melon and fruit seed; Miao Zhuan; well developed root system; it is convenient to transplant; seedling-slowing stage is short, and the object of can reach high and stable yields, saving seedling cost promotes the universal and development of vegetable melon and fruit industrial breeding technique.

Claims (5)

1. a vegetable melon and fruit biological activity seedling medium, formulated by weight by following raw material:
Parts by weight of raw materials
Reed slag or stalk slag 35-55
Herbivore dejecta 15-20
Carbonization rice husk 6-8
Slow-release compound fertilizer 0.5-2
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 0.5-1
Middle micro-0.1-0.2
Humic acid 6-8
Microbiobacterial agent 1-2
Peat 10-15
Cinder or burnt dust-ashes 6-9;
Described middle trace element is that calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, borax, manganous sulfate, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate mix according to mass ratio 1~10:1~10:1~5:1~5:0~1:0~1:0~1;
Described microbiobacterial agent is that vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, subtilis, yeast, photosynthetic bacterium mix according to mass ratio 1~10:1~10:1~10:1~5:1~5:1~5;
Described matrix, its preparation method is: by above-mentioned raw materials at normal temperatures and pressures, by pulverizer, pulverize, then mixing and stirring is crossed 6 mesh sieves, and the Powdered thing of gained is.
2. matrix according to claim 1, formulated by weight by following raw material:
Parts by weight of raw materials
Reed slag 35
Herbivore dejecta 20
Carbonization rice husk 8
Slow-release compound fertilizer 2
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 1
Middle micro-0.2
Humic acid 8
Microbiobacterial agent 2
Peat 15
Burnt dust-ashes or cinder 9;
Described microbiobacterial agent according to mass ratio, be vinelandii: phosphate solubilizing bacteria: potassium solubilizing bacteria: subtilis: yeast: photosynthetic bacterium=1:1:1:1:1:1 prepares;
Described middle trace element according to mass ratio, be calcium carbonate: magnesium sulfate: zinc sulfate: borax=1:1:1:1 prepares.
3. matrix according to claim 1, formulated by weight by following raw material:
Parts by weight of raw materials
Reed slag 44
Herbivore dejecta 18
Carbonization rice husk 7
Slow-release compound fertilizer 1
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 0.8
Middle micro-0.15
Humic acid 7
Microbiobacterial agent 1.5
Peat 13
Burnt dust-ashes or cinder 8;
Described microbiobacterial agent according to mass ratio, be vinelandii: phosphate solubilizing bacteria: potassium solubilizing bacteria: subtilis: yeast: photosynthetic bacterium=2:2:2:1:1:1 prepares;
Described middle trace element according to mass ratio, be calcium carbonate: magnesium sulfate: zinc sulfate: borax=2:2:1:1 prepares.
4. matrix according to claim 1, formulated by weight by following raw material:
Parts by weight of raw materials
Reed slag 55
Herbivore dejecta 15
Carbonization rice husk 6
Slow-release compound fertilizer 0.5
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 0.5
Middle micro-0.1
Humic acid 6
Microbiobacterial agent 1
Peat 10
Burnt dust-ashes or cinder 6;
Described microbiobacterial agent according to mass ratio, be vinelandii: phosphate solubilizing bacteria: potassium solubilizing bacteria: subtilis: yeast: photosynthetic bacterium=5:5:5:1:1:1 prepares;
Described middle trace element according to mass ratio, be calcium carbonate: magnesium sulfate: zinc sulfate: borax: manganous sulfate: copper sulfate: ferrous sulfate=5:5:2:2:1:1:1 prepares.
5. the application of matrix in vegetable melon and fruit is grown seedlings described in claim 1.
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