CN111887125A - Seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111887125A CN111887125A CN202010359105.1A CN202010359105A CN111887125A CN 111887125 A CN111887125 A CN 111887125A CN 202010359105 A CN202010359105 A CN 202010359105A CN 111887125 A CN111887125 A CN 111887125A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/02—Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, and similar vegetable deposits
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling substrate and a preparation method thereof, wherein the seedling substrate mainly comprises the following raw materials in volume fraction: 40-50% of artificial peat, 10-20% of coconut husk, 10-20% of fermented rice husk and 10-25% of perlite, wherein the artificial peat is mainly prepared from reed residue, rapeseed cake, calcium magnesium phosphate, urea and an organic material decomposing agent. The preparation method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the raw materials to prepare the seedling substrate. The seedling substrate of the invention has rich nutrition, stable physicochemical property and high economic value, and the artificial peat is used for replacing natural peat as a raw material, thereby having high commercial value and cost advantage, belonging to renewable resources and meeting the development requirement of the seedling substrate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling raising substrates, relates to a seedling raising substrate and a preparation method thereof, and particularly relates to a seedling raising substrate taking artificial peat as a main raw material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The agricultural land uses a large amount of chemical fertilizers for a long time, the phenomena of soil hardening, heavy metal pollution and the like are serious, under the condition, the matrix industry is rapidly developed, and the matrix seedling culture has the advantages of environmental protection and can realize industrialized and intensive production. With the rapid rise of the seedling culture substrate industry, the demand of peat resources is continuously increased, the exploitation of peat resources is overlarge in China, the resources are gradually exhausted, the exploitation is limited in the state at present, and the domestic peat is short in supply and short in demand and has a violent rise in price. And the imported peat has long transport distance, high price and high cost, and is difficult to accept in the market.
At present, the demand of peat for seedling culture medium is mainly domestic peat and imported peat, and both are derived from natural peat. The domestic peat is mainly formed by the deposition of herbaceous plant residues, is herbaceous peat, has high decomposition degree and rich nutrition, contains high organic matters and humic acid, but has heavy mud content, fibers are easy to rot, and the particle size is unstable. Peat imported from northern western europe, russia and canada is mainly formed by moss plant residues, is moss peat, is low in decomposition degree, is not easy to rot fibers, is stable in particle size, is lack of nutrition and does not contain humic acid. Peat is not only an excellent matrix material, but also a good soil conditioner, but the peat belongs to a non-renewable resource, and the mining action greatly damages the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new seedling raising substrate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a seedling culture medium which is rich in nutrition, stable in physicochemical property, high in economic value and free of adopting a natural peat raw material, and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A seedling raising substrate mainly comprises the following raw materials in volume fraction: 40 to 50 percent of artificial peat, 10 to 20 percent of coconut husk, 10 to 20 percent of fermented chaff and 10 to 25 percent of perlite; the artificial peat is mainly prepared from reed slag, rapeseed cake, calcium magnesium phosphate, urea and an organic material decomposing agent, wherein the proportion of the reed slag, the rapeseed cake, the calcium magnesium phosphate, the urea and the organic material decomposing agent is 1.0m3～ 1.2m3∶2.0kg～3.5kg∶1.0kg～2.0kg∶0.2kg～0.5kg∶0.1kg～0.2kg。
Preferably, the grain size of the artificial peat is less than or equal to 8 mm.
Preferably, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the artificial peat is controlled to be 42-45.
Preferably, the seedling substrate is a vegetable seedling substrate.
The seedling substrate is preferably suitable for multiple seedling modes, and the seedling modes comprise one of floating seedling, wet seedling and plug seedling.
The above nursery substrate is preferably prepared from the following artificial peat by the following method:
(1) adding urea into the reed residue stack according to the raw material proportion of the artificial peat, wherein the urea is added into the reed residue stack in a dry scattering manner;
(2) adding calcium, magnesium and phosphorus according to the raw material proportion of the artificial peat, wherein the calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are added to the reed slag stack in a dry scattering mode;
(3) respectively weighing the vegetable cake and the organic material decomposing agent according to the raw material proportion of the artificial peat, uniformly mixing the vegetable cake and the organic material decomposing agent, scattering the mixture on a reed residue stack, uniformly mixing the mixture and stacking the mixture into a stack with the height of 1-1.5 m and the width of 2.2-2.6 m for oxygen-consuming fermentation, and finishing the oxygen-consuming fermentation when the temperature of the stack is reduced to the point that the stack does not return;
(4) after the oxygen-consuming fermentation is finished, anaerobic fermentation is carried out for 30-90 days to obtain the artificial peat.
In the above seedling raising substrate, preferably, in the preparation process of the artificial peat, when the oxygen-consuming fermentation is performed in the step (3), the first pile turning is performed when the temperature of the strip pile rises to above 55 ℃, and the pile turning is performed every 3 to 4 days later until the temperature of the strip pile drops to no longer rise.
Preferably, the reed residues are waste reed residues generated in the paper industry.
As a general technical concept, the invention also provides a preparation method of the seedling substrate, and the seedling substrate is obtained by uniformly mixing the artificial peat, the coconut husk, the fermented rice husk and the perlite according to a proportion.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. according to the invention, the artificial peat is used as a main raw material of the seedling substrate, and is matched with the coconut husk, the fermented rice husk and the perlite to prepare the composite seedling substrate, so that the seedling substrate contains rich organic matters, amino acids, humic acid, plant fatty acid, phosphorus, organic complex nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium and other nutrient elements, the quality of the seedling substrate is obviously improved, the advantages of multiple raw materials are fully cooperated to perform synergism, the physicochemical property of the seedling substrate is more stable, the quality is better, and the economic value is higher.
2. In the composite seedling substrate, the particle size of the artificial peat is 0-8mm, so that the composite seedling substrate is very suitable for seedling, and various seedling modes such as floating seedling, wet seedling, plug seedling and the like can be adopted.
3. The cost of the seedling substrate of the invention is obviously reduced, because the cost price for preparing the artificial peat is 1/2 of the purchase price of the domestic peat and 1/3 of the purchase price of the imported peat, the invention has great significance for reducing the production cost of the substrate and improving the quality, and can create considerable economic benefit for substrate production enterprises.
4. The artificial peat of the invention mainly adopts reed residue, rapeseed cake and calcium, magnesium and phosphorus to carry out mutual coordination, and simultaneously uses urea as a main nitrogen source to adjust the nitrogen-carbon ratio, uses an organic material decomposing agent to promote fermentation, replaces peat resources taking natural peat as a raw material, has high commercial value and cost advantage, belongs to renewable resources, and meets the requirements of the development of the future substrate. In the existing peat resources at home and abroad, the peat accounts for a large proportion, although the peat produced at home has rich nutrition, the peat has heavy mud content, easy decay of fiber and unstable particle size, and the imported peat lacks nutrition, so that the peat and the peat have defects. No matter domestic peat or imported peat, natural peat is adopted as a raw material, belongs to non-renewable resources of wetlands, and currently, domestic peat mining adopts protective and limiting measures, so that the peat mining method has great limitation. The artificial peat of the present invention has the advantages of both domestic peat and imported peat, contains rich nutrients, humic acid, amino acid and stable fiber grain size structure, can safely replace natural peat, and is used as a main raw material for substrate production.
The invention uses the vegetable cake and calcium, magnesium and phosphorus to prepare the artificial peat used as the raw material for producing the matrix, and the vegetable cake not only has high organic matter and total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, wherein the nitrogen content is up to more than 5.0 percent, but also is rich in fatty acid and crude protein. Because of high nitrogen content in the rapeseed cake, the usage amount of urea can be greatly reduced when the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted, thereby reducing the volatilization of ammonia, the loss of nitrogen and the adverse effect of atmospheric environment in the fermentation process, and simultaneously having a relevant key effect on the pH control of the fermentation product. The applicant finds that the artificial peat can utilize the characteristic that the rape seed cake is rich in fatty acid, the fatty acid in the rape seed cake is plant fatty acid and has unsaturation, the unsaturated fatty acid can improve the cold resistance of crops and can obviously reduce the population density of root-knot nematodes to play a role in preventing clubroot of the crops, the artificial peat can also effectively utilize the characteristic that the rape seed cake is rich in crude protein, the crude protein in the rape seed cake is converted into water-soluble amino acid through enzymatic hydrolysis fermentation in the fermentation process, and the water-soluble amino acid has the functions of improving the resistance of the crops and promoting the growth, and the design ideas and the technology are difficult to think by those skilled in the art.
The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is used, not only three nutrient elements of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium are supplemented, but also economic value factors are considered, in the prior art, the skilled person generally only considers the supplement of the phosphorus element, and the fermentation product is alkaline due to the fact that the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to 25-30 in the general fermentation process, so the skilled person only considers the use of calcium superphosphate.
The method preferably selects waste reed residues produced in the paper industry as raw materials, has very high fiber content, combines common rapeseed cakes which cannot be adopted in the prior fermentation technology, also combines calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and urea, takes the urea as a nitrogen source to adjust the nitrogen-carbon ratio to 42-45, and rapidly ferments under the action of beneficial microorganisms such as bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, baker's yeast, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, actinomycetes and the like in the organic material decomposing agent. The fiber of the reed residue is decomposed and softened by the action of the microorganism and is converted into organic matters and humic acid which can be absorbed by the plant, the protein in the vegetable cake is converted into free amino acid by enzymolysis and fermentation, and the calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium-magnesium-phosphorus in the vegetable cake are complexed with the humic acid under the action of the microorganism to be changed into organic complex ions which can be absorbed by the plant and have the functions of promoting the growth of the plant and improving the resistance of the plant. After oxygen-consuming fermentation and then piling up into a large pile for anaerobic fermentation, an ideal effect can be obtained. The waste reed slag in the paper industry is recycled, circulated and reused, and waste is changed into valuable, so that great economic benefit is created for enterprises, and good environmental and ecological benefit and social benefit are brought.
In the preparation process of the artificial peat, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is required to be controlled to be 25-30 in the prior art, a large amount of nitrogen is lost in the fermentation process, and the lost nitrogen is volatilized into the atmospheric environment in the form of ammonia gas to pollute the environment; on the other hand, the fermentation product has heavy ammonia smell, the Ec value (salt content) is more than 4000 mus/cm, the pH value is more than 8, and the particle size structure is influenced due to the full decay of the fiber, if the fiber is used as a substrate raw material, the plant ammonia poisoning, the salinization poisoning and the bad air permeability of the substrate are caused to influence the growth of the plants, so the fermentation product in the prior art is only suitable for being used as an organic fertilizer. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the invention is controlled at 42-45, the loss of nitrogen in the fermentation process is negligible, the influence on the atmospheric environment is very small, the fermentation product is soft and breathable, the grain size structure is good, ammonia smell is avoided, the Ec value (salt content) is less than or equal to 1000 mus/cm, the pH value is 6.5-7.0, the fermentation product leaching liquor is subjected to a seed germination rate test, the seed Germination Index (GI) is more than or equal to 92%, and the fermentation product serving as a substrate raw material has excellent performance, safety and reliability.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to specific preferred embodiments, without thereby limiting the scope of protection of the invention.
The materials and equipment used in the following examples are commercially available.
Example 1:
the invention relates to a seedling culture substrate which mainly comprises the following raw materials in volume fraction: 45% of artificial peat, 15% of coconut husk, 15% of fermented rice husk and 25% of perlite; the artificial peat is prepared from reed residues, rapeseed cakes, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, urea and an organic material decomposing agent (strain for short), and the raw materials of the artificial peat are prepared according to the schemes shown in T1, T2, T3 and T4 in Table 1.
In the embodiment, the particle size of the artificial peat is less than or equal to 8mm (0-8mm), and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the artificial peat is controlled to be 42-45.
In the embodiment, the seedling substrate is a vegetable seedling substrate, specifically, korean pakchoi.
In this embodiment, the seedling raising method is floating seedling raising.
In the embodiment, the artificial peat is mainly prepared by the following method:
(1) as shown in table 1, 15 tons (37.5 square) of reed slag to be treated are respectively weighed and stacked in a subarea way, and are marked as T1, T2, T3 and T4, urea is respectively added according to the mixture ratio, and the urea is added to the stacks in a dry scattering way because the moisture content of the material per se reaches 50-60 percent;
(2) respectively adding calcium, magnesium and phosphorus according to the proportion, and adding the calcium, magnesium and phosphorus onto the stack in a dry scattering manner;
(3) the method comprises the steps of weighing the rapeseed cakes and the organic material decomposing agents (trade names are strains in table 1) according to a ratio, uniformly mixing the rapeseed cakes and the organic material decomposing agents, spreading the mixture on a reed residue stack, uniformly mixing the mixture by using a forklift, stacking the mixture into stacks with the height of 1-1.5 meters and the width of 2.2-2.6 meters for fermentation, covering the stacks with a film or a straw mat in winter when the temperature is low, and uncovering the film when the internal temperature reaches about 25 ℃. And starting to turn the stack for the first time by using a turner when the temperature rises to be more than 55 ℃, turning the stack for the first time every 3 days later, and ending the oxygen-consuming fermentation when the stacking temperature is reduced and does not return.
(4) After the oxygen-consuming fermentation is finished, piling T1, T2, T3 and T4 into a large pile by using a forklift respectively to perform an anaerobic fermentation process, and obtaining the artificial peat after 30 days of anaerobic fermentation. Respectively extracting T1, T2, T3 and T4 samples, and comparing with northeast peat and imported peat to perform various physicochemical detections and vegetable seedling culture.
Table 1 formula of 4 kinds of artificial peat raw materials of example 1
Wherein:
a. the reed slag after the original ecology and the papermaking are both non-compressed parties, and the non-compressed parties are calculated by 2.5 parties/ton;
b. adding urea according to the amount of 0.2-0.5 kg/square respectively;
c. adding the vegetable cake according to the amount of 2-3.5 kg/square respectively;
d. the calcium, the magnesium and the phosphorus are respectively added according to the amount of 1 kg/square to 2 kg/square;
e. adding the strain according to the use specification and the amount of 5-10 fermentation formulas per kilogram.
The preparation method of the seedling substrate comprises the following steps: and uniformly mixing the artificial peat, the coconut husk, the fermented rice husk and the perlite according to a proportion to obtain the seedling culture substrate.
The seedling substrate of this example was compared with a seedling substrate containing domestic peat or imported peat, and the conditions were the same except that the substrates were different, and the seedling was grown by floating seedling, and the tested species was korean pakchoi, and the results are shown in the following table.
TABLE 2 comparison of the effect of the seedling substrate of this example with that of the seedling substrate containing imported peat or domestic peat
The seedling raising substrate has the advantages that the seedling raising effect is obviously better than that of the seedling raising substrate containing imported peat or domestic peat, and when the volume ratio of the raw materials of the seedling raising substrate is 40-50% of the artificial peat, 10-20% of the coconut husk, 10-20% of the fermented rice husk and 10-25% of the perlite, the seedling raising effect is very excellent.
In this example, artificial peat samples were compared with domestic peat and imported peat, and a comparison test of seedling raising of individual vegetables (i.e., all peat as a substrate) was performed, in which floating seedling raising was used as a seedling raising method, and the tested variety was korean pakchoi.
TABLE 3 comparison table of vegetable seedling effect of the artificial peat of this example with the existing imported peat and domestic peat
As can be seen from the table above, the average emergence rates of T1, T2, T3 and T4 are 97.5 percent, 1.5 percent higher than imported peat and 3.5 percent higher than domestic peat; the average plant height of T1, T2, T3 and T4 is 14.525cm, which is 5.625cm higher than imported peat and 3.925cm higher than domestic peat; the average stem thickness is 3.35mm, which is 1.45mm thicker than imported peat and 0.45mm thicker than domestic peat; the average leaf width is 6.025cm, 2.925cm wider than imported peat and 1.625cm wider than domestic peat; the average value of the fresh weight of the overground part is 9.1025g, 7.7125g than imported peat and 4.7325g than domestic peat; the average dry weight of the overground part is 1.925g, 1.631g more than imported peat and 0.999g more than domestic peat; the average fresh weight of underground parts is 1.1925g, 0.1825g than imported peat and 0.1525g than domestic peat; the average dry weight of underground part is 0.13575g, 0.02175g than imported peat and 0.01675g than domestic peat. Therefore, the seedling raising effect of the artificial peat with the grain diameter of 0-8mm as the raw material of the seedling raising substrate is better than that of imported peat and domestic peat.
In conclusion, the invention takes the artificial peat as the main raw material of the seedling substrate, and the artificial peat is matched with the coconut husk, the fermented rice husk and the perlite to prepare the composite seedling substrate, so that the seedling substrate contains rich organic matters, amino acids, humic acid, vegetable fatty acid, phosphorus, organic complex nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium and other nutrient elements, the quality of the seedling substrate is obviously improved, the synergism is carried out by fully cooperating with the advantages of multiple raw materials, the physicochemical property of the seedling substrate is more stable, the quality is better, and the economic value is higher.
In this example, the prepared artificial peat was also observed and summarized:
(1) monitoring the fermentation temperature every day, and directing to turn the pile in time;
(2) sampling and detecting the pH value and the Ec value respectively on the 5 th day, the 10 th day and the 15 th day after the timing is started from the first pile turning;
(3) sampling is carried out after 30 days of anaerobic fermentation, and the pH value, the Ec value, the grain diameter (the content of less than 1mm), organic matters, humic acid, volume weight and quick-acting N, P, K content are synchronously detected with domestic peat and imported peat samples, and the results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 comparison table of physicochemical indexes of the artificial peat prepared in this example and the existing imported peat and domestic peat
As can be seen from Table 4, the average value of the organic matter content of T1, T2, T3 and T4 is 67.3 percent, which is 24.2 percent higher than that of domestic peat and 0.1 percent higher than that of imported peat, so that the organic matter content of the imported peat is reached, and the imported peat has the characteristic of high organic matter content; the average value of the humic acid contents of T1, T2, T3 and T4 is 29.4 percent, which is 29.4 percent higher than that of imported peat and 2.7 percent lower than that of domestic peat, is close to the humic acid content level of the domestic peat, and has the characteristic of high humic acid content; the pH average level of T1, T2, T3, T4 is 6.5, 2.2 higher than imported peat, 0.2 lower than domestic peat, close to domestic peat pH level, just within the pH range of 5.5-7.0 for suitable plant growth, whereas imported peat when used as a substrate production feedstock requires artificial pH adjustment to the appropriate range. The Ec values of T1, T2, T3 and T4 are 721.25 mu s/cm on average, 605.25 mu s/cm higher than imported peat and 396.25 mu s/cm higher than domestic peat, and the Ec values of T1, T2, T3 and T4 are higher than that of the imported peat and the domestic peat, which shows that the total nutrient content of N, P, K in T1, T2, T3 and T4 is higher, and the fertilizer shortage phenomenon that seedling leaves turn yellow in the using process, particularly the seedling raising process, does not appear like the imported peat. In addition, the Ec values of T1, T2, T3 and T4 are less than or equal to 1000 mu s/cm, meet the requirements of raw materials for producing matrix and are safer to use. The average value of quick-acting nitrogen contents of T1, T2, T3 and T4 is 1267.75mg/kg, which is 24.75mg/kg higher than that of domestic peat and 1010.75mg/kg higher than that of imported peat; the average value of effective phosphorus content of T1, T2, T3 and T4 is 781.25mg/kg, 157.25mg/kg higher than that of domestic peat and 658.25mg/kg higher than that of imported peat; the average value of effective potassium content of T1, T2, T3 and T4 is 806.5mg/kg, 93.5mg/kg higher than that of domestic peat and 637.5mg/kg higher than that of imported peat; the dry volume weight average value of T1, T2, T3 and T4 is 73kg/m3, the weight is 5kg/m3 compared with imported peat and is 83kg/m3 lighter than domestic peat, the volume weight of T1, T2, T3 and T4 is close to that of the imported peat, and the weight is light; the average value of the volume percentage of the grain diameters (less than 1mm) of T1, T2, T3 and T4 is 27.8 percent, which is 1 percent lower than imported peat and 31 percent lower than domestic peat, and shows that the content of T1, T2, T3 and T4 powder is less, and the grain diameter structure is stable and is not easy to break in the production and processing process.
In conclusion, the artificial peat which is the main raw material of the seedling substrate has the characteristics of high organic matter content, light weight, difficult breakage of particle size and stable structure of imported peat, has the characteristics of high humic acid content, quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and suitability for the pH environment of plant growth, integrates the advantages of the imported peat and the pH environment, and particularly does not need to adopt natural peat raw materials, so that the artificial peat is a good renewable raw material for substrate production.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the disclosed embodiments, or equivalent modifications, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, using the methods and techniques disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent replacement, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical scheme of the present invention, unless the contents of the technical scheme of the present invention are departed from.
Claims (9)
1. A seedling raising substrate is characterized by mainly comprising the following raw materials in volume fraction: 40 to 50 percent of artificial peat, 10 to 20 percent of coconut husk, 10 to 20 percent of fermented chaff and 10 to 25 percent of perlite; the artificial peat is mainly prepared from reed slag, rapeseed cake, calcium magnesium phosphate, urea and an organic material decomposing agent, wherein the proportion of the reed slag, the rapeseed cake, the calcium magnesium phosphate, the urea and the organic material decomposing agent is 1.0m3～1.2m3∶2.0kg～3.5kg∶1.0kg～2.0kg∶0.2kg～0.5kg∶0.1kg～0.2kg。
2. A growth medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the artificial peat has a particle size of 8mm or less.
3. A seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the artificial peat is controlled to 42-45.
4. A seedling raising substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the seedling raising substrate is a vegetable seedling raising substrate.
5. The seedling substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is suitable for multiple seedling modes, wherein the seedling modes comprise one of floating seedling, wet seedling and plug seedling.
6. A seedling raising substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the artificial peat is mainly prepared by the following method:
(1) adding urea into the reed residue stack according to the raw material proportion of the artificial peat, wherein the urea is added into the reed residue stack in a dry scattering manner;
(2) adding calcium, magnesium and phosphorus according to the raw material proportion of the artificial peat, wherein the calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are added to the reed slag stack in a dry scattering mode;
(3) respectively weighing the vegetable cake and the organic material decomposing agent according to the raw material proportion of the artificial peat, uniformly mixing the vegetable cake and the organic material decomposing agent, scattering the mixture on a reed residue stack, uniformly mixing the mixture and stacking the mixture into a stack with the height of 1-1.5 m and the width of 2.2-2.6 m for oxygen-consuming fermentation, and finishing the oxygen-consuming fermentation when the temperature of the stack is reduced to the point that the stack does not return;
(4) after the oxygen-consuming fermentation is finished, anaerobic fermentation is carried out for 30-90 days to obtain the artificial peat.
7. A seedling raising substrate according to claim 6, wherein in the preparation process of the artificial peat, when the oxygen-consuming fermentation is carried out in the step (3), the stack is turned for the first time when the temperature of the stack rises to above 55 ℃, and then turned for every 3 to 4 days until the temperature of the stack drops to a value that the temperature of the stack does not rise again.
8. A seedling culture substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the reed residue is waste reed residue produced in the paper industry.
9. A method for preparing a seedling substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the artificial peat, the coconut husk, the fermented chaff and the perlite are uniformly mixed in proportion to obtain the seedling substrate.
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