CN112931146A - Seedling culture medium special for cucumbers and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Seedling culture medium special for cucumbers and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 235000009849 Cucumis sativus Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 title description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920005614 potassium polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000193744 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 carbonized chaff Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000299906 Cucumis sativus var. sativus Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001067900 Bacillus velezensis SQR9 Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000004880 Polyuria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035619 diuresis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940050561 matrix product Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035922 thirst Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
- A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling substrate special for cucumbers and a preparation method thereof, wherein the seedling substrate special for cucumbers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-38 parts of branch fermentation product, 10-20 parts of decomposed straw, 12-25 parts of carbonized chaff, 5-20 parts of vermiculite, 4-6 parts of mixed material, 2-8 parts of composite microbial agent, 1-5 parts of plant nutrient element and 3-5 parts of soil water-retaining agent. The invention uses the branch pruning waste after harmless treatment and fermentation for the seedling substrate to produce high-yield and high-quality cucumber seedlings, and has good social and economic benefits. The special seedling substrate for the cucumbers has the advantages of low production cost, rich raw material sources, environmental protection and the like, can be used as a substitute material for non-renewable resources such as peat soil and the like in the seedling substrate, and effectively improves the yield and the quality of the cucumbers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cucumber planting, and particularly relates to a seedling raising substrate special for cucumbers and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The cucumber is one of important cultivated vegetables in the world, is also one of vegetables with the highest annual yield, has the effects of clearing heat, promoting diuresis, promoting the production of body fluid and quenching thirst, is mainly cultivated in greenhouse vegetables in the production of the cucumber in China, has the requirements on the quality and the supply quantity of vegetables and fruits rapidly increased along with the continuous improvement of the quality requirement of living level of people, and is more and more emphasized in industrial seedling culture, wherein the seedling culture is an important measure for vegetable cultivation, the seedling culture substrate is a basic substance for plug seedling production, and the good physical and chemical properties of the substrate directly influence the strength of seedlings, so that the growth vigor and the yield of the vegetables are influenced. The substrate is an important material for soilless seedling culture, can fix crop roots, provide root nutrition and coordinate the supply of water, nutrients and oxygen, and is divided into two categories of solid-free substrates and solid substrates in the soilless seedling culture. The solid matrix can be divided into an organic matrix and an inorganic matrix, wherein the organic matrix mainly comprises grass carbon, sawdust, carbonized rice husk and the like, and the organic matrix can be used safely only after being fermented and matured before use; the inorganic matrix mainly comprises rock wool, furnace slag, perlite, vermiculite, ceramsite and the like.
At present, in the seedling raising technology which is initially researched in China, organic substrates (such as peat, corroded plant residues and the like) rich in organic matters are mainly prepared with light inorganic substrates (such as vermiculite, expanded perlite and the like) in proper proportion. Most of the adopted seedling culture substrate formulas contain about 10 percent of peat soil resources, the peat soil resources are non-renewable resources, the used peat soil mostly comes from the rice field, the excessive exploitation and use of the peat soil inevitably causes the damage of the rice field, and meanwhile, once the limited peat soil resources are exploited, the shortage of seedling culture substrate raw materials can occur, so that the sustainable development of seedling culture by the soilless substrate is limited. The seedling culture substrate prepared from organic materials such as peat and rock wool which are used in large scale at the early stage needs to be added with nutrient solution at the later stage, has the defects and limitations of non-reproducibility and the like, and promotes the soilless culture to gradually change to the direction of environment protection and technical type.
The special active biological matrix product for cucumber seedling raising disclosed in Chinese patent CN103539535A is obtained by selecting a specific cucumber rhizosphere functional bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9, adding the survival-keeping bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 into a matrix, has good growth promotion effect on the seedling stage of cucumber, and can raise high-quality seedlings with large amount of active functional microorganisms in the rhizosphere. Compared with the traditional formula of the seedling substrate, the technical scheme disclosed by the patent combines the plant rhizosphere growth promoting bacteria and the common seedling substrate, but has the disadvantages of complex method, difficult extraction and purification and higher production cost for extracting, enriching and purifying active substances, eliminating impurities and the like.
The organic and inorganic compound mixed matrix prepared by mixing the organic matrix and the inorganic matrix is the main development direction of the seedling culture matrix, and the key is the reasonable screening and the reasonable use of the organic matrix in the organic and inorganic compound mixed matrix. The novel organic matrix is an organic solid matrix prepared by decomposing, fermenting, retting and sterilizing agricultural wastes and the like. Organic wastes mainly comprising fruit and forestry wastes and landscaping wastes become one of main pollution of environmental pollution in all regions of the country, at present, wastes generated by landscaping pruning and leaf falling are mainly buried and burned, few parts are recycled, and most of the rebuild matters, leaf falling, weeds and the like are taken as solid wastes to be classified into municipal wastes and are basically in a state of being mixed with other various wastes for treatment. Based on the huge production amount of landscaping waste, the efficient harmless treatment and resource utilization of the organic waste are important problems facing sustainable development and urgently waiting for solution.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a seedling substrate special for cucumber and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the technical problems.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
the seedling raising substrate special for the cucumbers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-38 parts of branch fermentation product, 10-20 parts of decomposed straw, 12-25 parts of carbonized chaff, 5-20 parts of vermiculite, 4-6 parts of mixed material, 2-8 parts of composite microbial agent, 1-5 parts of plant nutrient element and 3-5 parts of soil water-retaining agent; the soil water-retaining agent is potassium polyacrylate; the compound microbial agent comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus subtilis; the plant nutrient elements comprise any one or the combination of more than two of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements.
Preferably, the special seedling substrate for cucumbers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of branch fermentation product, 12-18 parts of decomposed straw, 15-20 parts of carbonized chaff, 10-15 parts of vermiculite, 4.5-5.5 parts of mixed material, 3-6 parts of composite microbial agent, 2.5-4.3 parts of plant nutrient element and 3.5-4.5 parts of soil water-retaining agent.
Preferably, the branch fermentation product is prepared by taking branch trimming waste as a main raw material through the following steps: performing innocent treatment on the branch trimming waste collected in a centralized way by a heat treatment technology, crushing the branch trimming waste, adding a decomposing agent into the crushed branch trimming waste for fermentation, and stacking the branch fermentation pile according to the volume of about 4.8cm3Performing film covering and stacking, adding water for regulation when the temperature of the stack body rises to 40 ℃ to enable the water content of the branch fermentation stack body to be 65-83%; and (3) removing the film when the temperature of the stack rises to 55 ℃, turning the stack once every 24-48 h, and fermenting until the central temperature of the stack is reduced to below 30 ℃ to obtain the branch fermented product.
More preferably, the fermentation time of the branch fermentation product is controlled to be 30-40 d; the water content of the branch fermentation product is 75-80%.
Preferably, the content ratio of cfu of bacillus amyloliquefaciens to bacillus subtilis in the compound microbial agent is 0.5-1.8: 1.
Preferably, the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements in the plant nutrient is 1: 0.8-2.5: 0.9-1.3: 0.1-0.8; the trace elements are selected from one or the combination of more than two of zinc, magnesium, boron, calcium, ferrite and manganese.
Preferably, the mixed material consists of perlite, montmorillonite and furnace ash according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.1-0.3: 0.2-0.5.
Preferably, the seedling substrate special for cucumbers further comprises 5-10 parts of 0.2-0.3% hydrogen peroxide solution.
Preferably, the physical and chemical indexes of the seedling substrate special for cucumbers are as follows: water absorption of 3.5-4.1%, water content of 0.5-0.9%, volume weight of 0.37-0.49 g/cm-3The total porosity is 72-86%, the air permeability porosity is 6-8%, the water retention porosity is 65-79%, the pH value is 6.54-7.85, and the conductivity is 0.45-0.63mS cm-1。
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the special seedling raising substrate for cucumbers, which comprises the following steps: and (2) crushing the branch fermentation product, decomposed straw, carbonized chaff, vermiculite and mixed materials in parts by weight, uniformly mixing the crushed branch fermentation product, the decomposed straw, the carbonized chaff, the vermiculite and the mixed materials with the composite microbial agent, the plant nutrient elements and the soil water-retaining agent in parts by weight, and performing heat treatment and cooling to obtain the seedling culture substrate special for the cucumbers.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the seedling culture substrate special for the cucumbers has the characteristics of high seedling emergence rate, regular seedling emergence, labor saving in seedling culture, regular and robust seedling culture of the cucumbers and developed root systems; vermiculite has water retention capacity, is rich in effective potassium, furnace ash has air permeability and is rich in trace elements, perlite has high porosity, gas-water ratio is equivalent, and physical and chemical properties are stable.
(2) The compound microbial agent is adopted, so that the number of harmful bacteria can be reduced, insect damage is avoided, the compound microbial agent can be compounded with other raw materials for use, the absorption of cucumber seedlings on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is increased, the quality and the appearance of cucumbers are improved, and the yield increasing effect is obvious. The hydrogen peroxide solution with the concentration of 30 percent is added into the seedling culture substrate, so that the growth of cucumber seedlings can be effectively promoted, and the quality of the seedlings is improved.
(3) The invention uses the branch pruning waste after harmless treatment and fermentation for the seedling substrate to produce high-yield and high-quality cucumber seedlings, and has good social and economic benefits. The special seedling raising matrix for the cucumbers has the advantages of low production cost, rich raw material sources, environmental protection and the like, can be used as a substitute material for non-renewable resources such as peat soil and the like in the seedling raising matrix, and effectively improves the yield and the quality of the cucumbers.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
Example 1
Seedling culture medium special for cucumbers and preparation method thereof
The seedling raising substrate special for the cucumbers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20kg of branch fermentation product, 10kg of decomposed straw, 12kg of carbonized chaff, 5kg of vermiculite, 4kg of mixed material, 2kg of compound microbial agent, 1kg of plant nutrient element and 3kg of potassium polyacrylate.
The branch fermentation product is prepared by taking branch trimming waste as a main raw material through the following steps: performing innocent treatment on the branch trimming waste collected in a centralized way by a heat treatment technology, crushing the branch trimming waste, adding a decomposing agent into the crushed branch trimming waste for fermentation, and stacking the branch fermentation pile according to the volume of about 4.8cm3Performing film covering and stacking, adding water for adjusting until the temperature of the stack body rises to 40 ℃ to enable the water content of the branch fermentation stack body to be 65%; and (3) removing the film when the temperature of the stack rises to 55 ℃, keeping turning every 24 times, and fermenting until the central temperature of the stack is reduced to below 30 ℃ to obtain the branch fermented product.
The fermentation time of the branch fermentation product is controlled to be 30 d.
The content ratio of cfu of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus subtilis in the composite microbial agent is 0.5: 1; the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements in the plant nutrient is 1:0.8:0.9: 0.1; the mixed material consists of perlite, montmorillonite and furnace ash slag according to the weight ratio of 1:0.1: 0.2.
The preparation method of the special seedling substrate for the cucumbers comprises the following steps: and (3) crushing the branch fermentation product, decomposed straw, carbonized chaff, vermiculite and mixed materials in parts by weight, uniformly mixing the crushed branch fermentation product, the decomposed straw, the carbonized chaff, the vermiculite and the mixed materials with the compound microbial agent, the plant nutrient elements and the potassium polyacrylate in parts by weight, and performing heat treatment and cooling to obtain the special seedling culture substrate for the cucumbers.
Example 2
Seedling culture medium special for cucumbers and preparation method thereof
The seedling raising substrate special for the cucumbers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25kg of branch fermentation product, 12kg of decomposed straw, 15kg of carbonized chaff, 10kg of vermiculite, 4.5kg of mixed material, 3kg of compound microbial agent, 2.5kg of plant nutrient elements and 3.5kg of potassium polyacrylate.
The branch fermentation product is prepared by taking branch trimming waste as a main raw material through the following steps: performing innocent treatment on the branch trimming waste collected in a centralized way by a heat treatment technology, crushing the branch trimming waste, adding a decomposing agent into the crushed branch trimming waste for fermentation, and stacking the branch fermentation pile according to the volume of about 4.8cm3Performing film covering and stacking, adding water for adjusting until the temperature of the stack body rises to 40 ℃ to ensure that the water content of the branch fermentation stack body is 68%; and removing the film when the temperature of the stack rises to 55 ℃, keeping turning the stack once every 30h, and fermenting until the central temperature of the stack is reduced to below 30 ℃ to obtain the branch fermented product. The fermentation time of the branch fermentation product is 35 d.
The content ratio of cfu of bacillus amyloliquefaciens to bacillus subtilis in the composite microbial agent is 0.7: 1; the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements in the plant nutrient is 1:11.13: 0.35; the mixed material consists of perlite, montmorillonite and furnace ash slag according to the weight ratio of 1:0.15: 0.38; the special seedling substrate for the cucumbers also comprises 6kg of 0.2% hydrogen peroxide solution.
The preparation method of the special seedling substrate for the cucumbers comprises the following steps: and (3) crushing the branch fermentation product, decomposed straw, carbonized chaff, vermiculite and mixed materials in parts by weight, uniformly mixing the crushed branch fermentation product, the decomposed straw, the carbonized chaff, the vermiculite and the mixed materials with the compound microbial agent, the plant nutrient elements and the potassium polyacrylate in parts by weight, and performing heat treatment and cooling to obtain the special seedling culture substrate for the cucumbers.
Example 3
Seedling culture medium special for cucumbers and preparation method thereof
The seedling raising substrate special for the cucumbers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28kg of branch fermentation product, 16kg of decomposed straw, 18kg of carbonized chaff, 13kg of vermiculite, 5kg of mixed material, 4kg of compound microbial agent, 3.5kg of plant nutrient elements and 3.8kg of potassium polyacrylate.
The branch fermentation product is prepared by taking branch trimming waste as a main raw material through the following steps: performing innocent treatment on the branch trimming waste collected in a centralized way by a heat treatment technology, crushing the branch trimming waste, adding a decomposing agent into the crushed branch trimming waste for fermentation, and stacking the branch fermentation pile according to the volume of about 4.8cm3Performing film covering and stacking, adding water for adjusting until the temperature of the stack body rises to 40 ℃ to enable the water content of the branch fermentation stack body to be 75%; and (3) removing the film when the temperature of the stack rises to 55 ℃, keeping turning the stack once every 35 hours, and fermenting until the central temperature of the stack is reduced to below 30 ℃ to obtain the branch fermented product, wherein the fermentation time of the branch fermented product is 35 d.
The content ratio of cfu of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus subtilis in the composite microbial agent is 1: 1; the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements in the plant nutrient is 1:1.8:1: 0.5; the mixed material consists of perlite, montmorillonite and furnace ash slag according to the weight ratio of 1:0.2: 0.3; the special seedling substrate for the cucumbers also comprises 6kg of 0.25% hydrogen peroxide solution.
The preparation method of the special seedling substrate for the cucumbers comprises the following steps: and (3) crushing the branch fermentation product, decomposed straw, carbonized chaff, vermiculite and mixed materials in parts by weight, uniformly mixing the crushed branch fermentation product, the decomposed straw, the carbonized chaff, the vermiculite and the mixed materials with the compound microbial agent, the plant nutrient elements and the potassium polyacrylate in parts by weight, and performing heat treatment and cooling to obtain the special seedling culture substrate for the cucumbers.
Example 4
Seedling culture medium special for cucumbers and preparation method thereof
The seedling raising substrate special for the cucumbers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30kg of branch fermentation product, 18kg of decomposed straw, 20kg of carbonized chaff, 15kg of vermiculite, 5.5kg of mixed material, 6kg of compound microbial agent, 4.3kg of plant nutrient elements and 4kg of potassium polyacrylate.
The branch fermentation product is prepared by taking branch trimming waste as a main raw material through the following steps: performing innocent treatment on the branch trimming waste collected in a centralized way by a heat treatment technology, crushing the branch trimming waste, adding a decomposing agent into the crushed branch trimming waste for fermentation, and stacking the branch fermentation pile according to the volume of about 4.8cm3Performing film covering and stacking, adding water for adjusting until the temperature of the stack body rises to 40 ℃ to ensure that the water content of the branch fermentation stack body is 78%; and (3) removing the film when the temperature of the stack rises to 55 ℃, turning the stack once every 24-48 h, and fermenting until the central temperature of the stack is reduced to below 30 ℃ to obtain the branch fermented product. The fermentation time of the branch fermentation product is 35 d.
The content ratio of cfu of bacillus amyloliquefaciens to bacillus subtilis in the composite microbial agent is 1.3: 1; the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements in the plant nutrient is 1:2:1.1: 0.6; the mixed material consists of perlite, montmorillonite and furnace ash slag according to the weight ratio of 1:0.25: 0.35.
The preparation method of the special seedling substrate for the cucumbers comprises the following steps: and (3) crushing the branch fermentation product, decomposed straw, carbonized chaff, vermiculite and mixed materials in parts by weight, uniformly mixing the crushed branch fermentation product, the decomposed straw, the carbonized chaff, the vermiculite and the mixed materials with the compound microbial agent, the plant nutrient elements and the potassium polyacrylate in parts by weight, and performing heat treatment and cooling to obtain the special seedling culture substrate for the cucumbers.
Example 5
Seedling culture medium special for cucumbers and preparation method thereof
The seedling raising substrate special for the cucumbers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35kg of branch fermentation product, 18kg of decomposed straw, 22kg of carbonized chaff, 18kg of vermiculite, 5kg of mixed material, 7kg of compound microbial agent, 4.5kg of plant nutrient elements and 4.5kg of potassium polyacrylate.
The branch fermented product is obtained by pruning branchThe waste is used as a main raw material and is prepared by the following steps: performing innocent treatment on the branch trimming waste collected in a centralized way by a heat treatment technology, crushing the branch trimming waste, adding a decomposing agent into the crushed branch trimming waste for fermentation, and stacking the branch fermentation pile according to the volume of about 4.8cm3Performing film covering and stacking, adding water for adjusting until the temperature of the stack body rises to 40 ℃ to ensure that the water content of the branch fermentation stack body is 80%; and (3) removing the film when the temperature of the stack rises to 55 ℃, maintaining the stack turning once every 40h, and fermenting until the temperature of the center of the stack is reduced to below 30 ℃ to obtain the branch fermented product, wherein the fermentation time of the branch fermented product is 38 d.
The content ratio of cfu of bacillus amyloliquefaciens to bacillus subtilis in the composite microbial agent is 1.5: 1; the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements in the plant nutrient is 1:2.2:1.2: 07; the mixed material consists of perlite, montmorillonite and furnace ash slag according to the weight ratio of 1:0.28: 0.45; the special seedling substrate for the cucumbers also comprises 8kg of 0.3% hydrogen peroxide solution.
The preparation method of the special seedling substrate for the cucumbers comprises the following steps: and (3) crushing the branch fermentation product, decomposed straw, carbonized chaff, vermiculite and mixed materials in parts by weight, uniformly mixing the crushed branch fermentation product, the decomposed straw, the carbonized chaff, the vermiculite and the mixed materials with the compound microbial agent, the plant nutrient elements and the potassium polyacrylate in parts by weight, and performing heat treatment and cooling to obtain the special seedling culture substrate for the cucumbers.
Example 6
Seedling culture medium special for cucumbers and preparation method thereof
The seedling raising substrate special for the cucumbers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 38kg of branch fermentation product, 20kg of decomposed straw, 25kg of carbonized chaff, 20kg of vermiculite, 6kg of mixed material, 8kg of compound microbial agent, 5kg of plant nutrient elements and 5kg of potassium polyacrylate.
The branch fermentation product is prepared by taking branch trimming waste as a main raw material through the following steps: performing innocent treatment on the branch trimming waste collected in a centralized way by a heat treatment technology, crushing the branch trimming waste, adding a decomposing agent into the crushed branch trimming waste for fermentation, and stacking the branch fermentation pile according to the volume of about 4.8cm3Laminating and stacking, adding water to ferment the branches when the temperature of the stacked body rises to 40 DEG CThe water content of the pack was 83%; and (3) removing the film when the temperature of the stack rises to 55 ℃, maintaining the stack turning once every 48 hours, and fermenting until the central temperature of the stack is reduced to below 30 ℃ to obtain the branch fermented product. The fermentation time of the branch fermentation product is 40 d.
The content ratio of cfu of bacillus amyloliquefaciens to bacillus subtilis in the composite microbial agent is 1.8: 1; the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements in the plant nutrient is 1:2.5:1.3: 0.8; the mixed material consists of perlite, montmorillonite and furnace ash slag according to the weight ratio of 1:0.3: 0.5; the special seedling substrate for the cucumbers also comprises 10kg of 0.3% hydrogen peroxide solution.
The preparation method of the special seedling substrate for the cucumbers comprises the following steps: and (3) crushing the branch fermentation product, decomposed straw, carbonized chaff, vermiculite and mixed materials in parts by weight, uniformly mixing the crushed branch fermentation product, the decomposed straw, the carbonized chaff, the vermiculite and the mixed materials with the compound microbial agent, the plant nutrient elements and the potassium polyacrylate in parts by weight, and performing heat treatment and cooling to obtain the special seedling culture substrate for the cucumbers.
Comparative example 1: a seedling raising substrate special for cucumbers is different from the seedling raising substrate in that the raw materials do not contain branch fermentation products.
Comparative example 2: a seedling raising substrate special for cucumbers, which is different from the embodiment 3 in that decomposed straws and carbonized chaffs are not contained in raw materials.
Comparative example 3: a seedling culture substrate special for cucumbers, which is different from the embodiment 3 in that the raw materials do not contain a compound microbial agent.
Comparative example 4: a seedling raising substrate special for cucumbers, which is different from the seedling raising substrate in the embodiment 3 in that the raw materials do not contain plant nutrient elements.
Comparative example 5: a seedling raising substrate special for cucumbers is different from the seedling raising substrate in that 6kg of 0.25% hydrogen peroxide solution is not contained in raw materials.
Comparative example 6: a cucumber quasi-use seedling culture medium comprises 62kg of peat soil, 13kg of vermiculite, 5kg of mixed materials, 4kg of compound microbial agent, 3.5kg of plant nutrient elements and 3.8kg of potassium polyacrylate, and the preparation method is the same as that of example 3.
Test examples
In order to determine the performance of the seedling substrate special for cucumbers prepared by the invention, the performance tests are respectively carried out on the seedling substrate special for cucumbers prepared in examples 1-6 and the seedling substrate special for cucumbers prepared in comparative examples 1-6:
1. physicochemical Properties of the seedling substrate for cucumber prepared in examples 1 to 6
The test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
2. Seedling raising tests are carried out on cucumbers, the emergence rate and the seedling growth condition of cucumber seedlings of the special seedling raising substrates for the cucumbers prepared in examples 1-6 and the special seedling raising substrates for the cucumbers prepared in comparative examples 1-6 are measured, and the measurement results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made to the embodiment of the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The special seedling substrate for the cucumbers is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-38 parts of branch fermentation product, 10-20 parts of decomposed straw, 12-25 parts of carbonized chaff, 5-20 parts of vermiculite, 4-6 parts of mixed material, 2-8 parts of composite microbial agent, 1-5 parts of plant nutrient element and 3-5 parts of soil water-retaining agent; the soil water-retaining agent is potassium polyacrylate; the compound microbial agent comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus subtilis; the plant nutrient elements comprise any one or the combination of more than two of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements.
2. The seedling substrate special for cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the seedling substrate special for cucumbers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of branch fermentation product, 12-18 parts of decomposed straw, 15-20 parts of carbonized chaff, 10-15 parts of vermiculite, 4.5-5.5 parts of mixed material, 3-6 parts of composite microbial agent, 2.5-4.3 parts of plant nutrient element and 3.5-4.5 parts of soil water-retaining agent.
3. The seedling culture substrate special for cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the branch fermentation product is prepared by using branch trimming waste as a main raw material through the following steps: performing innocent treatment on the branch trimming waste collected in a centralized way by a heat treatment technology, crushing the branch trimming waste, adding a decomposing agent into the crushed branch trimming waste for fermentation, and stacking the branch fermentation pile according to the volume of about 4.8cm3Performing film covering and stacking, adding water for regulation when the temperature of the stack body rises to 40 ℃ to enable the water content of the branch fermentation stack body to be 65-83%; and (3) removing the film when the temperature of the stack rises to 55 ℃, turning the stack once every 24-48 h, and fermenting until the central temperature of the stack is reduced to below 30 ℃ to obtain the branch fermented product.
4. A seedling raising substrate special for cucumbers according to claim 3, wherein the fermentation time of the branch fermentation product is controlled to be 30-40 d; the water content of the branch fermentation product is 75-80%.
5. The special seedling raising substrate for cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the content ratio of cfu of bacillus amyloliquefaciens to cfu of bacillus subtilis in the compound microbial agent is 0.5-1.8: 1.
6. A seedling raising substrate special for cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements in the plant nutrient is 1: 0.8-2.5: 0.9-1.3: 0.1-0.8; the trace elements are selected from one or the combination of more than two of zinc, magnesium, boron, calcium, ferrite and manganese.
7. A seedling raising substrate special for cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the mixed material consists of perlite, montmorillonite and furnace ash according to a weight ratio of 1: 0.1-0.3: 0.2-0.5.
8. The seedling substrate special for cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the seedling substrate special for cucumbers further comprises 5-10 parts of 0.2-0.3% hydrogen peroxide solution.
9. The seedling substrate special for cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the physicochemical indexes of the seedling substrate special for cucumbers are as follows: water absorption of 3.5-4.1%, water content of 0.5-0.9%, volume weight of 0.37-0.49 g/cm-3The total porosity is 72-86%, the air permeability porosity is 6-8%, the water retention porosity is 65-79%, the pH value is 6.54-7.85, and the conductivity is 0.45-0.63mS cm-1。
10. The preparation method of the seedling culture substrate special for cucumbers according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: and (2) crushing the branch fermentation product, decomposed straw, carbonized chaff, vermiculite and mixed materials in parts by weight, uniformly mixing the crushed branch fermentation product, the decomposed straw, the carbonized chaff, the vermiculite and the mixed materials with the composite microbial agent, the plant nutrient elements and the soil water-retaining agent in parts by weight, and performing heat treatment and cooling to obtain the seedling culture substrate special for the cucumbers.
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