CN104355881A - Universal special matrix for seedling culture - Google Patents
Universal special matrix for seedling culture Download PDFInfo
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- CN104355881A CN104355881A CN201410646883.3A CN201410646883A CN104355881A CN 104355881 A CN104355881 A CN 104355881A CN 201410646883 A CN201410646883 A CN 201410646883A CN 104355881 A CN104355881 A CN 104355881A
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- vermiculite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a universal special matrix for seedling culture and belongs to the technical field of soilless culture. The matrix comprises an organic mixture, which is prepared through fermenting vinegar residues and cassava residues, vermiculite, peat, plant ash, pearlite and a small amount of inorganic fertilizer, such as ammonium sulfate nitrate, potassium chloride, monoammonium phosphate and the like. The matrix contains the ingredients in volume ratio: 25-35% of organic mixture, 20-30% of peat, 5-10% of pearlite, 20-30% of vermiculite and 10-20% of plant ash; the matrix for seedling culture further contains the ingredients in concentration: 0.6-0.8kg/m<3> of ammonium sulfate nitrate, 0.3-0.5kg/m<3> of potassium chloride and 0.2-0.4kg/m<3> of monoammonium phosphate. According to the matrix, organic wastes, such as the vinegar residues, the cassava residues and the like, are mainly taken as raw materials and are subjected to high-temperature decomposed fermentation, so as to prepare the seedling culture matrix for soilless culture, so that the waste is changed into the valuable, and harmful substances are changed into favorable substances; the cost is low, the weight is light, and nutrients are complete, so that the matrix is a good special matrix for the seedling culture of crops, such as vegetables and melons/fruits, flowers and tree seedlings, cotton and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of soilless culture seedling medium, particularly relate to a kind of universal special seedling substrate, belong to cultivation technique without soil field.
Background technology
Soilless culture, refers to the method for carrying out arable farming and nursery without natural soil by matrix etc., is mainly used in gourd, fruit and vegetable or flower plants and nursery stock production, is the advanced cultivation technique of high yield and high quality that a water-saving economizes fertile saving of labor again.
Substrate culture is a kind of mode that in soilless culture, popularizing area is maximum.It is fixed in the matrix of organic or inorganic by the root system of crop, by the method for drip irrigation or trickle irrigation, and supply crop alimentary liquid.Current countries in the world great majority adopt gravel, sand, mud (grass) charcoal, vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, wood sawdust etc. as fixing matrix.
Along with applying of cultivation technique without soil, the demand of matrix is increasing, the enterprise specializing in matrix production also arises at the historic moment, the kind of matrix is also more and more abundanter, present sectionalization gradually, the development trend of customizations, current topmost matrix species is divided into seedling medium and cultivation matrix two kinds, seedling medium is divided into again the special seedling medium of vegetables, the special seedling medium of melon and fruit, the segmentation such as raising rice seedlings dedicated substrate and the special nursery of flower plants and nursery stock (cuttage) matrix type, seedling medium is the dedicated substrate according to root as vegetative organ required nutrition and physico chemical factor preparation, at present, the nutritious soil of most widely used soilless culture seedling medium in horticultural production, vermiculite, perlite, peat and water etc., and it is nutritious, taking root property is good, the universal special seedling substrate that surviving rate is high has not yet to see open report.
The tankage of acid-sludge (grain) Shi Zhi vinegar enterprise, account for greatly the 70-80% of vinegar raw material processed, be it be the residue filtered after vinegar fermentation processed by raw materials such as glutinous rice, wheat bran, rice chaffs, nutrition is also abundanter, owing to containing more organic acid and microorganism in fresh acid-sludge, not resistance toly to deposit, stored for a long time perishable rotten, contaminate environment; Add that its fibre content is many, energy efficiency is low, and EC value is high, and quantity is large, and tart flavour is dense, becomes the organic waste that Zhi Cu enterprise is difficult to digestion process.Manioc waste take cassava as the organic waste of waste alcohol.Permanent suitable vinegar industry is a large-scale Zhi Cu enterprise of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, and annual production reaches 180,000 tons, and the quantum of output of acid-sludge is just more than 100,000 tons.Chinese patent CN 1394469A discloses the patent application scheme of Jiangsu University Li Ping duckweed " with vinegar grain for raw material production botanical seedling culturing and the matrix of cultivating and manufacture method ", and specifically disclose and add effective microbe, chicken manure and flyash with the vinegar of water content about 70% grain raw material, stir laggard row fermentation reactor system, and cover water-proof heat-insulation material.Chinese patent CN 101811911A discloses the patent application scheme that Zhenjiang Heng Xin fertilizer Science and Technology Ltd. leaf has big grade " a kind of greening matrix and production technique thereof utilizing the production of vinegar grain "; and specifically disclose with vinegar grain, plant ash as raw material; by fermentation; add 6-8% vermiculite again, the perlite of 10-15, the mushroom slag of 15-20% carry out Secondary Fermentation; obtain organic content and be not less than 50%, EC value 1-3, pH5.5-6.5; ventilative space 25%, the particle matrix in water holding space 50%.Document retrieval finds, the universal special seedling substrate being main material production with organic compound of acid-sludge, manioc waste fermentation is domestic there is not yet relevant report.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, the technical scheme of the universal special seedling substrate that a kind of organic compound fermented with acid-sludge, manioc waste is main raw material is provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in the following ways:
A kind of universal special seedling substrate, is characterized in that: this matrix comprises organic compound, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, vermiculite, plant ash and a small amount of inorganic fertilizer.
Described organic compound be the organic waste such as acid-sludge, manioc waste become thoroughly decomposed by fermentation process mixture, acid-sludge, manioc waste volume ratio are 1:0.5-2; Described inorganic fertilizer comprises ammonium sulfate nitrate, Repone K, monoammonium phosphate.
This substrate formula volume components ratio is: organic compound 25-35%, peat composed of rotten mosses 20-30%, perlite 5-10%, vermiculite 20-30%, plant ash 10-20%; Also containing ammonium sulfate nitrate 0.6-0.8kg/m in described seedling medium
3, Repone K 0.3-0.5 kg/m
3, monoammonium phosphate 0.2-0.4 kg/m
3.
This water content of substrate≤50%, organic content (butt)>=20%, total nutrient content 1-5%, unit weight 0.2-0.6g/cm
3, total porosity 60-80%, gas-water ratio 1:2-4, EC value (1:5 lixiviate) 1-3.5mS/cm, pH5.5-7.5.
The material that becomes thoroughly decomposed that described organic compound is acid-sludge, manioc waste mixture processes by fermentation; Described fermentative processing carries out decomposition reactor system process with high temperature quick rotting agent or EM microbial preparation to vinegar grain, manioc waste; The consumption of described high temperature quick rotting agent is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 13.5-20kg; The consumption of described EM microbial preparation is that every 100m3 raw material adds EM stoste 1-2kg.
Described seedling medium formula volume ratio is: organic compound 25%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 30%, perlite 10%, vermiculite 20%, plant ash 15%.
Described seedling medium formula volume ratio is: organic compound 30%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 20%, perlite 5%, vermiculite 25%, plant ash 20%.
Described seedling medium formula volume ratio is: organic compound 35%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 20%, perlite 5%, vermiculite 30%, plant ash 10%.
This water content of substrate 33%, organic content (butt) 24%, N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 3.5%, unit weight 0.4g/cm
3, total porosity 70%, gas-water ratio 1:3, EC value (1:5 lixiviate) 2mS/cm, pH6.8.
Described total nutrient is N+P
2o
5+ K
2o; The described fermentative processing composting time is 30-50 days.
beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, the present invention is directed to the feature that acid-sludge organic acid content is high, use the higher plant ash of alkalescence to be auxiliary material, not only can reduce the potential of hydrogen of matrix, and plant ash potassium content is higher, also have abundant trace element, be well suited for universal growth of seedling.
2, acid-sludge, manioc waste etc. are the organic wastes of light industry, and quantity is many, and purposes is few, for the production of soilless culture substrate, can reduce environmental pollution, turn waste into wealth, turn harm into good.
3, the universal special seedling substrate of the present invention's production, having loose ventilative, preserve moisture and fertility, can be widely used in the nursery of the farm crop such as the vegetable melon and fruit of peasant household or nursery, flower plants and nursery stock, cotton.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, illustrate the present invention further, this embodiment should be understood only be not used in for illustration of the present invention and limit the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, the amendment of those skilled in the art to the various equivalent form of value of the present invention has all fallen within the application's claims limited range.
embodiment 1:
A kind of universal special seedling substrate, the main raw material of this matrix is the mixture after the fermentation of organic wastes such as acid-sludge, manioc waste, and the volume ratio of acid-sludge and manioc waste is 1:1.
The homemade organic materials high temperature quick rotting agent be made up of actinomycetes, yeast, milk-acid bacteria, genus bacillus etc. of prepared using carries out fermentation maturity process, quick rotting agent bacteria containing amount 1.5 hundred million units/gram, and wherein actinomycetes account for about 60%; Quick rotting agent consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 15kg, fermentation time about 40 days, the auxiliary materials such as vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, plant ash are added after the organic compound drying grinding and processing fermented, the preferred volume ratio of substrate formula is: organic compound 30%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 20%, perlite 5%, vermiculite 25%, plant ash 20%.
Organic compound stirs, by every m
3matrix adds ammonium sulfate nitrate 0.7kg, Repone K 0. 4 kg, monoammonium phosphate 0.3 kg, then stirs and just form the special finished product matrix of universal nursery.This water content of substrate about 33%, organic content (butt) about 24%, N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content about 3.5%, unit weight 0.4g/cm
3left and right, total porosity about 70%, about gas-water ratio 1:3, EC value (1:5 lixiviate) about about 2mS/cm, pH6.8.
embodiment 2:
A kind of universal special seedling substrate, is characterized in that: this matrix comprises organic compound, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, vermiculite, plant ash and a small amount of inorganic fertilizer.
Described organic compound be the organic waste such as acid-sludge, manioc waste become thoroughly decomposed by fermentation process mixture, acid-sludge, manioc waste volume ratio are 1:2; Described inorganic fertilizer comprises ammonium sulfate nitrate, Repone K, monoammonium phosphate.
Described seedling medium formula volume ratio is: organic compound 25%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 30%, perlite 10%, vermiculite 20%, plant ash 15%; Also containing ammonium sulfate nitrate 0.6kg/m in described seedling medium
3, Repone K 0.3 kg/m
3, monoammonium phosphate 0.2 kg/m
3.
The material that becomes thoroughly decomposed that described organic compound is acid-sludge, manioc waste mixture processes by fermentation; Described fermentative processing carries out decomposition reactor system process with high temperature quick rotting agent to acid-sludge, manioc waste; The consumption of described high temperature quick rotting agent is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 13.5kg; The fermentative processing composting time is 50 days.
This water content of substrate≤50%, organic content (butt)>=20%, total nutrient content 1%, unit weight 0.2g/cm
3, total porosity 60%, gas-water ratio 1:2, EC value (1:5 lixiviate) 1mS/cm, pH5.5.
embodiment 3:
A kind of universal special seedling substrate, is characterized in that: this matrix comprises organic compound, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, vermiculite, plant ash and a small amount of inorganic fertilizer.
Described organic compound be the organic waste such as acid-sludge, manioc waste become thoroughly decomposed by fermentation process mixture, acid-sludge, manioc waste volume ratio are 1:0.5; Described inorganic fertilizer comprises ammonium sulfate nitrate, Repone K, monoammonium phosphate.
Described seedling medium formula volume ratio is: organic compound 35%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 20%, perlite 5%, vermiculite 30%, plant ash 10%; Also containing ammonium sulfate nitrate 0.8kg/m in described seedling medium
3, Repone K 0.5kg/m
3, monoammonium phosphate 0.4 kg/m
3.
The material that becomes thoroughly decomposed that described organic compound is acid-sludge, manioc waste mixture processes by fermentation; Described fermentative processing carries out decomposition reactor system process with high temperature quick rotting agent to acid-sludge, manioc waste; The consumption of described high temperature quick rotting agent is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 20kg; The fermentative processing composting time is 30 days.
This water content of substrate≤50%, organic content (butt)>=20%, total nutrient content about 5%, unit weight 0.6g/cm
3left and right, total porosity about 80%, about gas-water ratio 1:4, EC value (1:5 lixiviate) about 3.5mS/cm, pH7.5.
different substrates simultaneous test:
Adopt the matrix of embodiment 1 to be used for watermelon seedling culturing, compare other matrix at percentage of germination, seedling rate, on seedling vigorous index and other physical and chemical indexs, comprise unit weight, porosity, the growth of the most applicable all watermelon seedlings such as pH value, water content, EC value, particle diameter.Simultaneous test sees attached list 1:
test site:auspicious capital, Zhenjiang agriculture park training flower bud based assays Demonstration Base
test kind:glad No. one of capital
test method:watermelon seed soaks 15min in 55 DEG C of warm water, and then soak seed 24h in clear water, vernalization in 28 DEG C of incubators.Choose and germinate consistent planting seed in 50 hole dishes, one, every hole, each process repeats for 3 times.Every morning needs regimen condition to water proper amount of clear water depending on weather and seedling.Watermelon seedlings growth indexes launches rear mensuration completely in the 4th true leaf.
subordinate list 1: different composite matrix carries out the effect comparison table of universal nursery
Note: T3 is universal special seedling substrate of the present invention.
Table 1 can be found out, the universal special seedling substrate described in embodiment 1, and most of index is all a little more than other matrix, and test shows, the universal special seedling substrate of embodiment 1 has good result of use.
Claims (10)
1. a universal special seedling substrate, is characterized in that: this matrix comprises organic compound, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, vermiculite, plant ash and a small amount of inorganic fertilizer.
2. a kind of universal special seedling substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the mixture of process that described organic compound is acid-sludge, manioc waste organic waste becomes thoroughly decomposed by fermentation, and acid-sludge, manioc waste volume ratio are 1:0.5-2; Described inorganic fertilizer comprises ammonium sulfate nitrate, Repone K, monoammonium phosphate.
3. a kind of universal special seedling substrate according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: this substrate formula volume components ratio is: organic compound 25-35%, peat composed of rotten mosses 20-30%, perlite 5-10%, vermiculite 20-30%, plant ash 10-20%; Also containing ammonium sulfate nitrate 0.6-0.8kg/m in described seedling medium
3, Repone K 0.3-0.5 kg/m
3, monoammonium phosphate 0.2-0.4 kg/m
3.
4. a kind of universal special seedling substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this water content of substrate≤50%, organic content (butt)>=20%, total nutrient content 1-5%, unit weight 0.2-0.6g/cm
3, total porosity 60-80%, gas-water ratio 1:2-4, EC value (1:5 lixiviate) 1-3.5mS/cm, pH5.5-7.5.
5. a kind of universal special seedling substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described fermentative processing carries out decomposition reactor system process with high temperature quick rotting agent or EM microbial preparation to acid-sludge, manioc waste; The consumption of described high temperature quick rotting agent is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 13.5-20kg; The consumption of described EM microbial preparation is that every 100m3 raw material adds EM stoste 1-2kg.
6. a kind of universal special seedling substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described seedling medium formula volume ratio is: organic compound 25%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 30%, perlite 10%, vermiculite 20%, plant ash 15%.
7. a kind of universal special seedling substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described seedling medium formula volume ratio is: organic compound 30%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 20%, perlite 5%, vermiculite 25%, plant ash 20%.
8. a kind of universal special seedling substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described seedling medium formula volume ratio is: organic compound 35%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 20%, perlite 5%, vermiculite 30%, plant ash 10%.
9. a kind of universal special seedling substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this water content of substrate 33%, organic content (butt) 24%, N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 3.5%, unit weight 0.4g/cm
3, total porosity 70%, gas-water ratio 1:3, EC value (1:5 lixiviate) 2mS/cm, pH6.8.
10. a kind of universal special seedling substrate according to claim 4 and 5, is characterized in that: described total nutrient is N+P
2o
5+ K
2o; The described fermentative processing composting time is 30-50 days.
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Application publication date: 20150218 |