CN102992840A - Special seedling medium for solanaceous vegetables - Google Patents
Special seedling medium for solanaceous vegetables Download PDFInfo
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- CN102992840A CN102992840A CN2012104004106A CN201210400410A CN102992840A CN 102992840 A CN102992840 A CN 102992840A CN 2012104004106 A CN2012104004106 A CN 2012104004106A CN 201210400410 A CN201210400410 A CN 201210400410A CN 102992840 A CN102992840 A CN 102992840A
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- vermiculite
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special seedling medium for solanaceous vegetables, and belongs to the technical field of soilless cultivation. The medium comprises following ingredients in volume ratio according to the formulation: 20-35% of vinegar residue, 15-25% of vermiculite, 20-25% of grass carbon, 15-20% of plant ash and 5-10% of perlite, as well as small amount of inorganic fertilizers such as 0-0.5kg/m<3> of ammonium sulfate nitrate, 0-0.3kg/m<3> of potassium chloride and 0-0.3kg/m<3> of monoammonium phosphate. Organic wastes such as the vinegar residue serve as materials; a soilless medium is produced after high-temperature fermentation treatment; and waste is changed into precious resources, and disadvantages are changed into advantages. The special seedling medium for the solanaceous vegetables produced by the invention has the advantages of high nutrient content, porous permeability, moisture and fertility preservation and the like, and can be widely applied to seeding cultivation of the solanaceous vegetables such as hot peppers, eggplants and tomatoes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of farm crop soilless culture seedling medium, particularly relate to the special-purpose seedling medium of a kind of solanaceous vegetables, belong to the cultivation technique without soil field.
Background technology
Soilless culture refers to carry out with matrix without natural soil the method for arable farming, is mainly used in the cultivation of gourd, fruit and vegetable or flower plants and nursery stock, is that a water-saving is economized fertile again saving of labor's high yield and high quality modern technique.
Substrate culture is a kind of mode of popularizing area maximum in the soilless culture.It is that root system with crop is fixed in the matrix of organic or inorganic, by the method for drip irrigation or trickle irrigation, supplies with crop alimentary liquid.The countries in the world great majority adopt fixedly matrix of the conducts such as gravel, sand, mud (grass) charcoal, vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, wood sawdust at present.
Along with applying of cultivation technique without soil, the demand of matrix is increasing, the kind of matrix is also more and more abundanter, present gradually sectionalization, the development trend of customizations, present topmost matrix species is divided into two kinds of seedling medium and cultivation matrixes, seedling medium is divided into again the special-purpose seedling medium of vegetables, the special-purpose seedling medium of melon and fruit, raising rice seedlings dedicated substrate and the flower plants and nursery stock special use segmentation such as (cuttage) matrix type of growing seedlings, seedling medium is the dedicated substrate according to needed nutrition and the physico chemical factor preparation of rooting as vegetative organ, at present, the nutritious soil of most widely used soilless culture seedling medium during vegetables produce, vermiculite, perlite, peat (peat composed of rotten mosses) etc.Chinese patent CN 100441090C discloses a kind of melon vegetable grow seedling ground substance, and to specifically disclose this matrix be by fermentation cow dung, peat, vermiculite, perlite and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer composite forming by a certain percentage.Chinese patent CN 1552187A discloses the Patent Application Publication of " a kind of seedling medium that utilizes the organic waste exploitation ", and to specifically disclose this matrix be to mix with the straw that peat composed of rotten mosses, pearlstone, vermiculite, brown coal, humic leaf and natural vegetable mould and processing treatment are crossed.
The vinegar grain is the tankage of vinegar processed enterprise, account for greatly the 70-80% of vinegar raw material processed, that it is the residue that is filtered behind vinegar fermentation processed by raw materials such as glutinous rice, wheat bran, rice chaffs, nutrition is also abundanter, owing to contain more organic acid and microorganism in the bright acid-sludge, anti-depositing is stored for a long time perishable not rotten, contaminate environment; Add that its fibre content is many, energy efficiency is low, and the EC value is high, and quantity is large, and tart flavour is dense, becomes the organic waste that vinegar processed enterprise is difficult to digestion process.Permanent suitable vinegar already is of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu vinegar processed enterprise, and annual production reaches 180,000 tons, and the quantum of output of vinegar grain is just above 100,000 tons.Chinese patent CN 1394469A discloses the patent application scheme of the Li Ping of Jiangsu University duckweed " take the vinegar grain as the raw material production botanical seedling culturing and matrix and the manufacture method of cultivation usefulness ", and the vinegar grain raw material that specifically discloses with water content about 70% adds effective microbe, chicken manure and flyash, stir laggard windrow system fermentation, and cover water-proof heat-insulation material.Chinese patent CN 101811911A discloses the patent application scheme that Zhenjiang permanent glad fertilizer Science and Technology Ltd. leaf has big grade " a kind of utilize greening that the vinegar grain produces with matrix and production technique thereof "; and specifically disclose take vinegar grain, plant ash as raw material; by fermentation; add again the perlite of 6-8% vermiculite, 10-15, the mushroom slag of 15-20% carries out Secondary Fermentation; obtain organic content and be not less than 50%, EC value 1-3, pH5.5-6.5; ventilative space 25%, the particle matrix in water holding space 50%.Document retrieval is found, the domestic relevant report that there is not yet of the special-purpose seedling medium of the solanaceous vegetables take fermentation of vinegar residue as main raw material.
Summary of the invention
。The objective of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, the technical scheme of the special-purpose seedling medium of a kind of solanaceous vegetables take fermentation of vinegar residue as main raw material is provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in the following ways:
The special-purpose seedling medium of a kind of solanaceous vegetables, it is characterized in that: this matrix moiety comprises the inorganic fertilizers such as vinegar grain, plant ash, vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite and a small amount of ammonium sulfate nitrate, Repone K, monoammonium phosphate.
By volume calculating ratio of this matrix components is: vinegar grain 20-35%, plant ash 15-20%, vermiculite 15-25%, peat composed of rotten mosses 20-25%, perlite 5-10%; Also contain ammonium sulfate nitrate 0-0.5kg/m in the described seedling medium
3, Repone K 0-0.3 kg/m
3, monoammonium phosphate 0-0.3 kg/m
3
This water content of substrate 25-45%, the organic content of butt matter 〉=25%, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content 2-5%, total porosity 65-85%, the EC value is 1-3mS/cm, pH is 5.5-7.5.
Described vinegar grain is the thing that becomes thoroughly decomposed of processing by fermentation, and described fermentative processing is with high temperature quick rotting agent or EM microbial preparation the vinegar grain to be carried out decomposition reactor system to process; The fermentative processing composting time is 4-6 month.The consumption of described high temperature quick rotting agent is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 15-20kg; The consumption of described EM microbial preparation is that every 100m3 raw material adds EM stoste 1-2kg.
The described seedling medium volume ratio of preferably filling a prescription is: vinegar grain 25%, plant ash 20%, vermiculite 20%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 25%, perlite 10%.
The preferred another kind of prescription volume ratio of described seedling medium is: vinegar grain 30%, plant ash 15%, vermiculite 25%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 20%, perlite 10%.
The water content 35% of this matrix optimization, organic content 25%, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content 3%, total porosity 75%, the EC value is 2mS/cm, pH is 6.5.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, the present invention is directed to the high characteristics of vinegar grain organic acid content, use the higher plant ash of alkalescence to be auxiliary material, not only can reduce the potential of hydrogen of matrix, and the plant ash potassium content is higher, also have abundant trace element, be well suited for the growth of solanaceous vegetables seedling.
2, the vinegar grain is the organic waste of light industry, and quantity is many, and purposes is few, for the production of soilless culture substrate, can environmental contamination reduction, and turn waste into wealth, turn harm into good.
3, the special-purpose seedling medium of the solanaceous vegetables of the present invention's production has nutrient content height, loose ventilative, and the advantages such as preserve moisture and fertility can be widely used in growing seedlings of the solanaceous vegetableses such as capsicum, eggplant, tomato.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention, should understand this embodiment only is used for explanation the present invention and is not used in and limits the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, those skilled in the art all fall within the application's claims limited range to the modification of the various equivalent form of values of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
The special-purpose seedling medium of a kind of solanaceous vegetables, it is characterized in that: this matrix moiety comprises the inorganic fertilizers such as vinegar grain, plant ash, vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite and a small amount of ammonium sulfate nitrate, Repone K, monoammonium phosphate.
By volume calculating ratio of this matrix components is: vinegar grain 25%, plant ash 20%, vermiculite 20%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 25%, perlite 10%; Also added ammonium sulfate nitrate 0.3kg/m in the described seedling medium
3, Repone K 0.2 kg/m
3, monoammonium phosphate 0.2kg/m
3
This water content of substrate 35%, organic content 25%, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content 3%, total porosity 75%, the EC value is 2mS/cm, pH is 6.5.
Vinegar grain in this matrix components is the thing that becomes thoroughly decomposed through high temperature quick rotting agent fermentative processing, and the fermentative processing time is 6 months; The consumption of high temperature quick rotting agent is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 15kg.
Embodiment 2:
The special-purpose seedling medium of a kind of solanaceous vegetables, it is characterized in that: this matrix moiety comprises the inorganic fertilizers such as vinegar grain, plant ash, vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite and a small amount of ammonium sulfate nitrate, Repone K, monoammonium phosphate.
By volume calculating ratio of this matrix components is: vinegar grain 30%, plant ash 15%, vermiculite 25%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 20%, perlite 10%; Also added ammonium sulfate nitrate 0.3kg/m in the described seedling medium
3, Repone K 0.2 kg/m
3, monoammonium phosphate 0.2kg/m
3
This water content of substrate 45%, organic content 〉=25%, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content 5%, total porosity 85%, the EC value is 3.0mS/cm, pH is 7.5.
Vinegar grain in this matrix components is the thing that becomes thoroughly decomposed of processing with the EM preparation fermentation of Japan, and the fermentative processing time is 6 months; The EM consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds EM stoste 1kg.
Embodiment 3:
The special-purpose seedling medium of a kind of solanaceous vegetables, it is characterized in that: this matrix moiety comprises the inorganic fertilizers such as vinegar grain, plant ash, vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite and a small amount of ammonium sulfate nitrate, Repone K, monoammonium phosphate.
By volume calculating ratio of this matrix components is: vinegar grain 20%, plant ash 20%, vermiculite 25%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 25%, perlite 10%;
This water content of substrate 25%, organic content 25%, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content 2%, total porosity 65%, the EC value is 1.0mS/cm, pH is 5.5.
Vinegar grain in this matrix components is the thing that becomes thoroughly decomposed through high temperature quick rotting agent fermentative processing, and the fermentative processing time is 4 months; The consumption of high temperature quick rotting agent is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 20kg.
Embodiment 4:
The special-purpose seedling medium of a kind of solanaceous vegetables, it is characterized in that: this matrix moiety comprises the inorganic fertilizers such as vinegar grain, plant ash, vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite and a small amount of ammonium sulfate nitrate, Repone K, monoammonium phosphate.
By volume calculating ratio of this matrix components is: vinegar grain 35%, plant ash 15%, vermiculite 15%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 25%, perlite 10%; Also added ammonium sulfate nitrate 0.3kg/m in the described seedling medium
3, Repone K 0.2 kg/m
3, monoammonium phosphate 0.2kg/m
3
This water content of substrate 35%, organic content 25%, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content 3%, total porosity 75%, the EC value is 2mS/cm, pH is 6.5.
Vinegar grain in this matrix components is the thing that becomes thoroughly decomposed of processing with the EM preparation fermentation of Japan, and the fermentative processing time is 4 months; The EM consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds EM stoste 2kg.
Embodiment 5:
The special-purpose seedling medium of a kind of solanaceous vegetables, it is characterized in that: this matrix moiety comprises the inorganic fertilizers such as vinegar grain, plant ash, vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite and a small amount of ammonium sulfate nitrate, Repone K, monoammonium phosphate.
By volume calculating ratio of this matrix components is: vinegar grain 30%, plant ash 20%, vermiculite 20%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 25%, perlite 5%; Also added ammonium sulfate nitrate 0.6kg/m in the described seedling medium
3, Repone K 0.3 kg/m
3, monoammonium phosphate 0.2kg/m
3
This water content of substrate 35%, organic content 25%, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content 3%, total porosity 75%, the EC value is 2mS/cm, pH is 6.5.
Vinegar grain in this matrix components is the thing that becomes thoroughly decomposed through high temperature quick rotting agent fermentative processing, and the fermentative processing time is 6 months; The consumption of high temperature quick rotting agent is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 20kg.
The different substrates simultaneous test:
The special-purpose seedling medium of the solanaceous vegetables of embodiment 1 preparation can be used for growing seedlings of capsicum, tomato, eggplant, other 2 kinds of seedling mediums (ck1, ck2) of buying on the special-purpose seedling medium of the solanaceous vegetables of the present invention's preparation and the market are used for tomato seedling jointly, and the simultaneous test effect is as follows:
Tomato variety: cherry tomato;
The seeding and growing seedling phase: on February 16th, 2012.
Method for culturing seedlings: hole plate seedling growth; Adopt 50 holes dish.
Rearing condition: beam-connected greenhouse, envrionment temperature: 20-30 ℃ of daytime, 12-20 ℃ of night.The steps such as the preparation before the sowing, seed treatment, sowing, seedling management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operate according to the technical requirements among the DB3211/T128-2008 " Tomato technical regulation ".
The tomato seedling morphological index that adopts different seedling mediums to cultivate sees Table 1:
Table 1: the comparison of different seedling medium tomato seedling effects
| Numbering | Height of seedling (cm) | Root long (cm) | Stem thick (mm) | Overground part dry weight (g) | Underground part dry weight (g) | Strong sprout index |
| CK1 | 18.47 | 10.93 | 3.88 | 0.197 | 0.047 | 0.00511 |
| CK2 | 18.70 | 10.60 | 4.16 | 0.203 | 0.037 | 0.00534 |
| Embodiment 1 | 22.93 | 13.20 | 4.13 | 0.273 | 0.053 | 0.00588 |
Table 1 can be found out, the special-purpose seedling medium of embodiment 1 described solanaceous vegetables, and most of indexs are all a little more than other matrix, and test shows that the special-purpose seedling medium of the solanaceous vegetables of embodiment 1 has good result of use.
Claims (10)
1. the special-purpose seedling medium of a solanaceous vegetables, it is characterized in that: this matrix moiety comprises vinegar grain, plant ash, vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite and a small amount of inorganic fertilizer.
2. the special-purpose seedling medium of described a kind of solanaceous vegetables according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described inorganic fertilizer comprises ammonium sulfate nitrate, Repone K, monoammonium phosphate.
According to claim 1 with the special-purpose seedling mediums of 2 described a kind of solanaceous vegetableses, it is characterized in that: by volume calculating ratio of this matrix components is: vinegar grain 20-35%, plant ash 15-20%, vermiculite 15-25%, peat composed of rotten mosses 20-25%, perlite 5-10%; Also contain ammonium sulfate nitrate 0-0.5kg/m in the described seedling medium
3, Repone K 0-0.3 kg/m
3, monoammonium phosphate 0-0.3 kg/m
3
4. the special-purpose seedling medium of described a kind of solanaceous vegetables according to claim 1 is characterized in that: this water content of substrate 25-45%, and the organic content of butt matter 〉=25%, total nutrient content 2-5%, total porosity 65-85%, the EC value is 1-3mS/cm, pH is 5.5-7.5.
5. the special-purpose seedling medium of described a kind of solanaceous vegetables according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described vinegar grain is the thing that becomes thoroughly decomposed of processing by fermentation, described fermentative processing is with high temperature quick rotting agent or EM microbial preparation the vinegar grain to be carried out the decomposition reactor system processing; The consumption of described high temperature quick rotting agent is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 15-20kg; The consumption of described EM microbial preparation is that every 100m3 raw material adds EM stoste 1-2kg.
According to claim 1 with the special-purpose seedling mediums of 4 described a kind of solanaceous vegetableses, it is characterized in that: described total nutrient is N+P
2O
5+ K
2O.
7. the special-purpose seedling medium of described a kind of solanaceous vegetables according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described seedling medium prescription volume ratio is: vinegar grain 25%, plant ash 20%, vermiculite 20%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 25%, perlite 10%.
8. the special-purpose seedling medium of described a kind of solanaceous vegetables according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described seedling medium prescription volume ratio is: vinegar grain 30%, plant ash 15%, vermiculite 25%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 20%, perlite 10%.
9. the special-purpose seedling medium of described a kind of solanaceous vegetables according to claim 1 is characterized in that: this water content of substrate 35%, organic content 25%, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content 3%, total porosity 75%, the EC value is 2mS/cm, pH is 6.5.
10. the special-purpose seedling medium of described a kind of solanaceous vegetables according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the described fermentative processing composting time is 4-6 month.
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|---|---|---|---|
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103477962A (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2014-01-01 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Manufacturing method of seedling culture substrate for organic production |
| CN103570475A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-02-12 | 南京农业大学 | Vegetable seedling raising nutritional matrix formula |
| CN103918531A (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2014-07-16 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Solanaceous vegetable culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN104211498A (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2014-12-17 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Solanberry vegetable seedling growing matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN104355879A (en) * | 2014-11-16 | 2015-02-18 | 镇江培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | Special matrix for capsicum seedling culture |
| CN104387187A (en) * | 2014-11-16 | 2015-03-04 | 镇江培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | Special matrix for growing seedlings of tomatoes |
| CN104446914A (en) * | 2014-11-16 | 2015-03-25 | 镇江培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | Special matrix for leaf vegetable seedling culture |
| CN104446915A (en) * | 2014-11-16 | 2015-03-25 | 镇江培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | Special matrix for solanaceous vegetable seedling culture |
| CN104446917A (en) * | 2014-11-16 | 2015-03-25 | 镇江培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | Matrix for solanaceous vegetable cultivation |
| CN104478578A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-04-01 | 苏州市新巷农艺科技园 | Nutrient soil for seedling culturing of melons and fruits and preparation method thereof |
| CN104744107A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2015-07-01 | 上海宇强贸易有限公司 | Biological seedling growing matrix |
| CN105638301A (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2016-06-08 | 安徽飞天农用生物科技有限公司 | Seedling culturing matrix with straw fermentation matter as main raw material and preparation method of seedling culturing matrix |
| CN105706882A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2016-06-29 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Tomato seedling raising medium |
| CN106106107A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2016-11-16 | 柳州市欧亚农业发展有限公司 | A kind of Fructus Capsici soilless culture substrate |
| CN108323402A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-07-27 | 贺州佳成技术转移服务有限公司 | A kind of production method of green pepper seedling medium |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103477962A (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2014-01-01 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Manufacturing method of seedling culture substrate for organic production |
| CN103570475A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-02-12 | 南京农业大学 | Vegetable seedling raising nutritional matrix formula |
| CN104744107A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2015-07-01 | 上海宇强贸易有限公司 | Biological seedling growing matrix |
| CN103918531A (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2014-07-16 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Solanaceous vegetable culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN103918531B (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2017-12-12 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of solanaceous vegetables cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN104211498A (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2014-12-17 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Solanberry vegetable seedling growing matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN104446917A (en) * | 2014-11-16 | 2015-03-25 | 镇江培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | Matrix for solanaceous vegetable cultivation |
| CN104446915A (en) * | 2014-11-16 | 2015-03-25 | 镇江培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | Special matrix for solanaceous vegetable seedling culture |
| CN104446914A (en) * | 2014-11-16 | 2015-03-25 | 镇江培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | Special matrix for leaf vegetable seedling culture |
| CN104387187A (en) * | 2014-11-16 | 2015-03-04 | 镇江培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | Special matrix for growing seedlings of tomatoes |
| CN104355879A (en) * | 2014-11-16 | 2015-02-18 | 镇江培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | Special matrix for capsicum seedling culture |
| CN104478578A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-04-01 | 苏州市新巷农艺科技园 | Nutrient soil for seedling culturing of melons and fruits and preparation method thereof |
| CN105638301A (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2016-06-08 | 安徽飞天农用生物科技有限公司 | Seedling culturing matrix with straw fermentation matter as main raw material and preparation method of seedling culturing matrix |
| CN105706882A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2016-06-29 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Tomato seedling raising medium |
| CN105706882B (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2019-01-04 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | tomato seedling substrate |
| CN106106107A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2016-11-16 | 柳州市欧亚农业发展有限公司 | A kind of Fructus Capsici soilless culture substrate |
| CN108323402A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-07-27 | 贺州佳成技术转移服务有限公司 | A kind of production method of green pepper seedling medium |
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Application publication date: 20130327 |