CN105532410A - Medium for culture of seedlings and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Medium for culture of seedlings and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105532410A CN105532410A CN201610035217.5A CN201610035217A CN105532410A CN 105532410 A CN105532410 A CN 105532410A CN 201610035217 A CN201610035217 A CN 201610035217A CN 105532410 A CN105532410 A CN 105532410A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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Abstract
The invention provides a medium for culture of seedlings. The medium is prepared from, by volume, 45-80 parts of cassava dregs, 10-25 parts of rice hull, 5-20 parts of peat soil, 5-15 parts of fly ash, 5-15 parts of vermiculite, 5-20 parts of perlite and 3-7 parts of charcoal. The cassava dregs and the rice hull are both formed through decomposing and fermenting. The invention further provides a preparation method of the medium for culture of seedlings.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of soilless-cultivated seedling technical field, particularly relate to a kind of seedling medium and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Soilless-cultivated seedling, referring to the method for carrying out the plant cultivations such as gourd, fruit and vegetable and nursery without natural soil by matrix etc., is one of development trend of current botanical seedling culturing industry.
Substrate culture belongs to the one of soilless culture, and substrate culture has the advantage of earth culture, sand culture, water planting and mist training concurrently, avoids respective defect preferably again simultaneously, has good development and apply prospect.China soilless culture starting relatively evening, but the investigation and application of China's cultivation technique without soil obtains and develops rapidly in recent years, at present, large-area applications cultivation matrix has been carried out in the plantations such as capsicum, tomato, watermelon, has obtained the target of high yield.
Manioc waste take cassava as the organic waste that waste alcohol produces, due in fresh manioc waste containing more organic acid and microorganism, not resistance toly deposit, perishable rotten, contaminated environment, adds the problems such as its fiber content is many, and energy efficiency is low, and quantity is large.At present, a great problem of the type enterprise headache is become.Manioc waste generally can be used as feed but due to perishable, disposal ability is limited cannot obtain equilibrium and effectively process, and be used in soilless-cultivated seedling field by fermentable process and can solve an above all kinds of difficult problem and alleviate environmental pollution.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of the seedling medium that thing is primary raw material of becoming thoroughly decomposed with manioc waste, thus can be applicable to nursery association area.
The invention provides a kind of seedling medium, it comprises the raw material of following volume proportion: manioc waste 45 ~ 80 parts, 10 ~ 25 parts, rice husk, peat soil 5 ~ 20 parts, 5 ~ 15 parts, flyash, vermiculite 5 ~ 15 parts, perlite 5 ~ 20 parts and charcoal 3 ~ 7 parts, wherein, described manioc waste and described rice husk are fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed and form.
Further, described manioc waste and described rice husk form for fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed after adding microbial bacterial agent.
Further, in described seedling medium, the volume proportion of each raw material is as follows: described manioc waste 55 ~ 80 parts, 10 ~ 20 parts, rice husk, peat soil 10 ~ 20 parts, 10 ~ 15 parts, flyash, vermiculite 10 ~ 15 parts, perlite 10 ~ 20 parts and charcoal 4 ~ 6 parts.
Further, described seedling medium also comprises Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, and described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three kinds of elements, and the content of described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in described seedling medium is 0.2 ~ 0.4kg/m
3.
Further, the relative water content of described seedling medium is less than 35%, and organic matter is more than or equal to 35%, and total nutrient is 2 ~ 5.5%, and unit weight is 0.1g/cm
3~ 0.45g/cm
3, total porosity is 55% ~ 75%, and it be 0.15mS/cm ~ 1.45mS/cm, pH is 5.0 ~ 8.0 that water-holding porosity is greater than 40, EC value.
A preparation method for seedling medium, it comprises the following steps:
(1), 45 ~ 80 parts of manioc wastes and 10 ~ 25 parts of rice husks are fully mixed according to volume proportion fermentation of carrying out becoming thoroughly decomposed and obtain fermentation product;
(2), according to volume proportion by 55 ~ 105 parts of described fermentation products, 5 ~ 20 parts of peat soils, 5 ~ 15 parts of flyash, 5 ~ 15 parts of vermiculites, 5 ~ 20 parts of perlites and 3 ~ 7 parts of charcoals fully mix.
Further, step (1) also comprises:
(11), described manioc waste and described rice husk are mixed, and about regulating water content to 60%, form an organic mixture material;
(12), urea and organic matter decomposing inoculant is sprayed to described mixture, wherein, the percentage that the quality of described urea accounts for the quality of described organic mixture material is 1% ~ 2%, the mass percent that the quality of described organic matter decomposing inoculant accounts for described organic mixture material is 0.2% ~ 0.4%, and described organic matter decomposing inoculant is the mixed bacteria of Trichoderma atroviride, bacillus subtilis, aspergillus niger;
(13), mixing stockpile body step (12) obtained, heap temperature reaches 70 DEG C of turnings, and becomes thoroughly decomposed 35 days ~ 50 days, and final powder is broken to 3 millimeters ~ 7 millimeters.
Further, the living bacteria count in described mixed bacteria is more than or equal to 200,000,000/g.
Also comprise further after step (2):
(3), add the solution containing Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, wherein, described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three kinds of elements, and the addition of described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is 0.2 ~ 0.4kg/m
3.
Compared to prior art, of the present inventionly a kind ofly to have the following advantages with the manioc waste seedling medium that thing is primary raw material that becomes thoroughly decomposed:
The first, manioc waste and rice husk to be fermented by becoming thoroughly decomposed and as the primary raw material of seedling medium, make the value maximization of manioc waste, and also solve this agricultural resources of rice husk, avoid contaminated environment, improve the fertility of soilless raising seedling substrate simultaneously, solve existing manioc waste and the reluctant difficult problem of rice husk;
The second, flyash is added into seedling medium, effectively can be regulated by its acid-base value to seedling medium on the one hand, also mitigate power plant to limited the brought airborne dust of flyash disposal ability, the series of problems such as water body and atmospheric pollution on the other hand;
Three, by the physicochemical property such as acid-base value, water conservation, fertilizer conservation, gas permeability of adding peat soil, flyash, vermiculite, perlite, charcoal regulate described seedling medium, and best growth conditions is provided to botanical seedling culturing;
Four, by adding Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium further, supplement a certain proportion of n-p-k element can to described seedling medium, be conducive to growing up healthy and sound of seedling in seedling raising process.
Finally, the preparation method of this seedling medium is simple, and preparation efficiency is high, emerge and planting percent high, low in investment cost, is easy to industrialization.
Embodiment
Be clearly and completely described to the technical scheme in embodiment of the present invention below, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The invention provides and a kind ofly to become thoroughly decomposed the seedling medium that thing is primary raw material with manioc waste.This seedling medium comprises the raw material of following volume proportion: manioc waste 45 ~ 80 parts, 10 ~ 25 parts, rice husk, peat soil 5 ~ 20 parts, 5 ~ 15 parts, flyash, vermiculite 5 ~ 15 parts, perlite 5 ~ 20 parts, charcoal 3 ~ 7 parts.The described manioc waste thing that becomes thoroughly decomposed forms for adopting manioc waste fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and described rice husk also forms for rice husk fully becomes thoroughly decomposed.Namely described manioc waste and the rice husk thing that becomes thoroughly decomposed all is through after high temperature becomes thoroughly decomposed completely and reaches innoxious organic material that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
Described seedling medium also can comprise Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium further.Described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three kinds of elements.The addition of described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is 0.2 ~ 0.4kg/m
3.
In order to make the performances such as seedling medium unit water conservation, fertilizer conservation, gas permeability more excellent, more be of value to nursery, in described seedling medium, the volume proportion of each raw material is all obtained by a large amount of breeding experiment, and be preferably as follows: described manioc waste 55 ~ 80 parts, 10 ~ 20 parts, rice husk, peat soil 10 ~ 20 parts, 10 ~ 15 parts, flyash, vermiculite 10 ~ 15 parts, perlite 10 ~ 20 parts and charcoal 4 ~ 6 parts, the addition of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is 0.3 kilogram of every cubic metre of fermentation product.
The physicochemical property parameter of described seedling medium is: relative water content <35%, organic>=35%, total nutrient 2 ~ 5.5%, unit weight 0.1g/cm
3~ 0.45g/cm
3, total porosity 55% ~ 75%, water-holding porosity > 40, EC value (1:5 lixiviate) 0.15mS/cm ~ 1.45mS/cm, pH5.0 ~ 8.0.This EC value refers to soluble-salt concentration.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of seedling medium, and it comprises the following steps:
(1), 45 ~ 80 parts of manioc wastes and 10 ~ 25 parts of rice husks are fully mixed according to volume proportion fermentation of carrying out becoming thoroughly decomposed and obtain fermentation product;
(2), according to volume proportion by 55 ~ 105 parts of described fermentation products, 5 ~ 20 parts of peat soils, 5 ~ 15 parts of flyash, 5 ~ 15 parts of vermiculites, 5 ~ 20 parts of perlites and 3 ~ 7 parts of charcoals fully mix.
Further, step (1) also comprises:
(11), described manioc waste and described rice husk are mixed, and about regulating water content to 60%, form an organic mixture material;
(12), urea and organic matter decomposing inoculant is sprayed to described mixture, wherein, the percentage that the quality of described urea accounts for the quality of described organic mixture material is 1% ~ 2%, the mass percent that the quality of described organic matter decomposing inoculant accounts for described organic mixture material is 0.2% ~ 0.4%, and described organic matter decomposing inoculant is the mixed bacteria of Trichoderma atroviride, bacillus subtilis, aspergillus niger; Preferably, the living bacteria count in described mixed bacteria is more than or equal to 200,000,000/g; And
(13), mixing stockpile body step (12) obtained, heap temperature reaches 70 DEG C of turnings, and becomes thoroughly decomposed 35 days ~ 50 days, and final powder is broken to 3 millimeters ~ 7 millimeters.
Further, after step (2), also step is comprised:
(3), add the solution containing Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, wherein, described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three kinds of elements, and the addition of described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is 0.2 ~ 0.4kg/m
3.
Be described with manioc waste fermentation product seedling medium that is primary raw material and preparation method thereof of the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1 ~ 5
The digest process of manioc waste and rice husk mixture material is specially:
The mixed material being used for fermenting is piled wide, height and be respectively 3 meters ~ 5 meters, 1.5 meters ~ 2.5m, the bar buttress that length is not limit;
Use manpower or machinery manioc waste and rice husk are fully mixed and regulate material moisture to 60%, namely holding tight material finger tip has water droplet to ooze out but does not drip and be advisable;
Urea and organic matter decomposing inoculant is sprayed to waterlogged mixed material, the percentage that the quality of wherein said urea occupies the quality of machine mixed material is 1% ~ 2%, the mass percent that the quality of described organic matter decomposing inoculant accounts for described organic mixture material is 0.2% ~ 0.4%, described organic matter decomposing inoculant is the mixed bacteria of Trichoderma atroviride, bacillus subtilis and aspergillus niger, living bacteria count >=200,000,000/g;
Covered by the organic mixture material Polypropylence Sheet obtained, indoor without the need to covering, heap temperature should turning immediately more than 70 DEG C, generally carries out once fully turning every 3 ~ 7 days to organic mixture material, becomes thoroughly decomposed, then be crushed to 3 millimeters ~ 7 millimeters through 50 days.
The mixed culture fermentation thing of manioc waste obtained above and rice husk, peat soil, flyash, vermiculite, perlite, charcoal are fully mixed according to the ratio of following table 1.And add the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium aqueous solution dissolved, obtain seedling medium.Wherein with this stalk fermentation thing for benchmark, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium presses 0.3kg/m
3add, described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is the commercially available common Chemical Mixed Fertilizer of 15 ~ 15 ~ 15.
The proportioning of each raw material of seedling medium in table 1 embodiment 1 ~ 5
The seed selecting cucumber and tomato is respectively soaked seed and is constantly stirred and is cooled to normal temperature in the warm water of 50 DEG C ~ 55 DEG C.Then illumination box vernalization is put into clean wet cloth parcel.Select after 3 days ~ 5 days and germinate consistent planting seed in 32 holes dishes, the Nutrition Soil of skim is also covered in one, every cave.Liquid manure is seedling management routinely.Administration period adds up emergence rate every day, and tomato seedling four leaf wholeheartedly (cucumber two leaf wholeheartedly) time measure that stem is thick, plant height, ground and underground is done, fresh weight statistical computation plant germination rate and planting percent.
Concrete, adopt the seedling medium of embodiment 1 ~ 5 to carry out tomato seedling, concrete outcome is in table 2 and table 3.Wherein in table 2 and table 3, CK representative adopts common commercially available seedling medium to carry out nursery, for contrast.
Table 2 adopts the seedling medium of embodiment 1 ~ 5 to carry out tomato seedling to emerge number
| To emerge number | 1d | 2d | 3d | 4d | 5d | 6d | 7d | 8d | 9d | 10d | 11d | 12d |
| Embodiment 1 | 4 | 6 | 11 | 18 | 22 | 24 | 27 | 27 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Embodiment 2 | 6 | 8 | 13 | 15 | 20 | 21 | 25 | 26 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 |
| Embodiment 3 | 3 | 7 | 14 | 20 | 24 | 27 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 |
| Embodiment 4 | 5 | 8 | 13 | 18 | 23 | 26 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 32 |
| Embodiment 5 | 4 | 6 | 11 | 16 | 22 | 27 | 27 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 31 |
| CK | 5 | 8 | 13 | 16 | 21 | 26 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 31 |
Table 3 adopts the seedling medium of embodiment 1 ~ 5 to carry out the test result of tomato seedling
From table 2 and table 3, can find out that the seedling medium of embodiment 3,4 is all better than commercially available seedling medium for the effect of tomato seedling and embodiment 2,5 is suitable with CK, there is excellent DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT.
Adopt the seedling medium of embodiment 1 ~ 5 to carry out cucumber seedling-raising, concrete outcome is in table 4 and table 5.Wherein in table 4 and table 5, CK representative adopts common commercially available seedling medium to carry out nursery, for contrast.
Table 4 adopts the seedling medium of embodiment 1 ~ 5 to carry out the number of emerging of cucumber seedling-raising
The test result that table 5 adopts the seedling medium of embodiment 1 ~ 5 to carry out cucumber seedling-raising to obtain
From table 4 and table 5, can find out that the seedling medium of embodiment 2,3,5 is all better than commercially available seedling medium for the effect of cucumber seedling-raising and embodiment 1,4 is suitable with CK, there is excellent DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications are also considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a seedling medium, it is characterized in that, it comprises the raw material of following volume proportion: manioc waste 45 ~ 80 parts, 10 ~ 25 parts, rice husk, peat soil 5 ~ 20 parts, 5 ~ 15 parts, flyash, vermiculite 5 ~ 15 parts, perlite 5 ~ 20 parts and charcoal 3 ~ 7 parts, wherein, described manioc waste and described rice husk are fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed and form.
2. a seedling medium as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described manioc waste and described rice husk form for fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed after adding microbial bacterial agent.
3. a seedling medium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described seedling medium, the volume proportion of each raw material is as follows: described manioc waste 55 ~ 80 parts, 10 ~ 20 parts, rice husk, peat soil 10 ~ 20 parts, 10 ~ 15 parts, flyash, vermiculite 10 ~ 15 parts, perlite 10 ~ 20 parts and charcoal 4 ~ 6 parts.
4. a seedling medium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described seedling medium also comprises Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, and described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three kinds of elements, and the content of described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in described seedling medium is 0.2 ~ 0.4kg/m
3.
5. a seedling medium as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, in described seedling medium, the volume proportion of each raw material is as follows: described manioc waste 70 parts, 15 parts, rice husk, peat soil 15 parts, 10 parts, flyash, vermiculite 10 parts, perlite 15 parts and charcoal 5 parts; And the content of described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in described seedling medium is 0.3kg/m
3.
6. a seedling medium as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the relative water content of described seedling medium is less than 35%, and organic matter is more than or equal to 35%, and total nutrient is 2 ~ 5.5%, and unit weight is 0.1g/cm
3~ 0.45g/cm
3, total porosity is 55% ~ 75%, and water-holding porosity is greater than 40, and soluble-salt concentration is 0.15mS/cm ~ 1.45mS/cm, pH is 5.0 ~ 8.0.
7. a preparation method for seedling medium, it comprises the following steps:
(1), 45 ~ 80 parts of manioc wastes and 10 ~ 25 parts of rice husks are fully mixed according to volume proportion fermentation of carrying out becoming thoroughly decomposed and obtain fermentation product;
(2), according to volume proportion by 55 ~ 105 parts of described fermentation products, 5 ~ 20 parts of peat soils, 5 ~ 15 parts of flyash, 5 ~ 15 parts of vermiculites, 5 ~ 20 parts of perlites and 3 ~ 7 parts of charcoals fully mix.
8. a preparation method for seedling medium as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, step (1) comprising:
(11), described manioc waste and described rice husk are mixed, and about regulating water content to 60%, form an organic mixture material;
(12), urea and organic matter decomposing inoculant is sprayed to described mixture, wherein, the percentage that the quality of described urea accounts for the quality of described organic mixture material is 1% ~ 2%, the mass percent that the quality of described organic matter decomposing inoculant accounts for described organic mixture material is 0.2% ~ 0.4%, and described organic matter decomposing inoculant is the mixed bacteria of Trichoderma atroviride, bacillus subtilis, aspergillus niger;
(13), mixing stockpile body step (12) obtained, heap temperature reaches 70 DEG C of turnings, and becomes thoroughly decomposed 35 days ~ 50 days, and final powder is broken to 3 millimeters ~ 7 millimeters.
9. a preparation method for seedling medium as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, the living bacteria count in described mixed bacteria is more than or equal to 200,000,000/g.
10. a preparation method for seedling medium as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, also comprises further after step (2):
(3), add the solution containing Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, wherein, described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three kinds of elements, and the addition of described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is 0.2 ~ 0.4kg/m
3.
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