CN108794107A - A kind of roof greening plant cultivation media and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of roof greening plant cultivation media and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108794107A CN108794107A CN201810087667.8A CN201810087667A CN108794107A CN 108794107 A CN108794107 A CN 108794107A CN 201810087667 A CN201810087667 A CN 201810087667A CN 108794107 A CN108794107 A CN 108794107A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of roof greening plant cultivation medias and preparation method thereof; the cultivation matrix is made of raw material turf, mushroom slag, flyash, perlite and water; the roof greening plant cultivation media that the cultivation matrix of the present invention is prepared using trade waste flyash, agricultural wastes mushroom slag as primary raw material; the needs of plant normal growth can be met; agriculture and forestry, trade waste are taken full advantage of again; comprehensively utilize resource; not only it had reduced production cost but also had realized recycling for agricultural resource, and be conducive to environmental protection.
Description
Technical field
It is the present invention relates to a kind of industry, the utilization method of agriculture and forestry waste, more particularly to a kind of to utilize agricultural wastes
And trade waste prepares the method for cultivation matrix and the cultivation matrix of preparation.
Background technology
In recent years, domestic many large- and-medium size cities showed effectiveness factors frequently by heavy rain repeatly, and " seeing sea " predicament frequency is existing, and inner city
The cost that the scene of " seeing sea " is paid is numerous wrecked life and heavy economic loss.The rainwater resource in China city
Using consciousness is weak, and extremely low to the utilization rate of natural rain resource, less than 10%, a large amount of rainwater resources are directly drained, with me
State's water scarcity forms contradiction face outstanding.In recent years, China's most cities all received the influence of haze weather, especially
It is that northern area based on Jing-jin-ji region is particularly acute.And haze weather can generate strong influence to the health of human body.With
China's urban ecological problem becomes increasingly conspicuous, and more and more industries start to seek the sustainable development for solving urban ecology in practice
The method of exhibition problem, and propose to build one " sponge city ".And the concern and promotion of the central government further promote this
The formal formation of theory.
Important content of the roof greening as sponge city has not only conformed with sponge city and " has preferentially utilized natural drainage system
System builds Demonstration for Ecological Sanitation facility, give full play to urban green space, road, water system etc. to the receiving of rainwater, store blend slow releasing function "
Requirement, the run-off of rainwater is also reduced from source, and between having delayed the peak of rainwater current；Roof greening considerably increases
The green coverage in city can effectively absorb the harmful substance in environment.
Roof greening because its construction environment particularity, to the more demanding of its matrix, in roof greening implementation process
Most important problem is to ensure that the safety of building carrier, is exactly primarily the load for building carrier, this is just needed very strictly
Selection growth matrix.The problem of natural original soil and traditional matrices maximum is exactly matrix subsidence problems, the suction with plant to nutrient
It receives, the degradation of organic matter, nature original soil and traditional matrices is caused ceaselessly to reduce and sink after the completion of constructing, thus need to determine
Phase supplements matrix, or even update matrix or even secondary construction, this will be such that the later maintenance difficulty of roof greening increases, cost
Improve in addition roof greening the later stage because in maintenance difficulties and cost problem fail；And traditional matrices unit weight kicks the beam, it cannot be fine
Fixation plant, natural original soil unit weight is excessive, permeability, protect store property it is not sufficient enough, can not be protected within the scope of the load-bearing on roof
Demonstrate,prove enough plant normality growths.So natural original soil and traditional matrices cannot be satisfied the requirement of roof greening.
Research in recent years finds that existing organic culture substrate, can be to the later maintenance of roof greening due to its subsidence problems
Bring greatly difficult and high cost, cannot meet the needs of roof greening, and with the sustainable thoughts in sponge city
It runs in the opposite direction.Therefore roof greening requires unit weight moderate with matrix, can fix plant, ensures load-bearing of the plant on roof again
Within the scope of normality grow；Nutrition is moderate, will not cause to grow too fast increase later maintenance cost because nutrition is excessively high, will not be because
Oligotrophy can not ensure that plant normality is grown；Permeability, guarantor's storage property is good, and moisture will not in the season of not rainwater, matrix
Because evaporation rate is land and several times even tens times indoor, and frequently waters, causes the nutrient loss of matrix too fast, mends
Water supplementary fertilizer increases the cost of maintenance；In rainwater frequent season, few, increase plant cannot or will not be discharged because of extra rainwater
The time that root is ducked in drink causes plant growth impaired.
China is the country using coal as main energy sources, and the 76% of electric power is generated by coal, and the flyash that fire coal generates is total
Volume of cargo in storage becomes maximum ash discharge in the world more than 1,000,000,000 tons, but also in the speed increase with annual 0.8 hundred million -1 hundred million tons
State.Currently, China is stored as main means to the processing of flyash with grey field, a large amount of soils are not only taken up, can also be caused serious
Environmental pollution.And the comprehensive utilization of flyash, it is concentrated mainly on architectural engineering, road engineering and backfill etc., is consumed
It measures limited.Compared with industry comprehensively utilizes, agricultural use has that small investment, capacity is big, demand is steady, fluctuation is small, and is not necessarily to
The advantages that purification is the comprehensive Utilization Ways for being suitble to China's national situation.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is being directed to existing roof greening plant cultivation media, a kind of room is provided
Greening plant cultivation media and preparation method thereof is pushed up, roof of the invention is moderate with greening cultivation matrix unit weight, can fix
Plant, and can ensure that plant normality within the scope of the load-bearing on roof is grown；Nutrition content is moderate, will not be because of nutrition
Height causes to grow too fast increase later maintenance cost, will not can not ensure that plant normality is grown because of oligotrophy；Moreover, this hair
It is good that bright matrix permeability and protecting stores property, in the season of not rainwater, matrix moisture will not be because of evaporation rate land and
Indoor several times even tens times, and frequently water, cause the nutrient loss of matrix too fast, moisturizing supplementary fertilizer increase maintenance at
This；In rainwater frequent season, few, the time mistake for making plant root duck in drink cannot or will not be discharged because of extra rainwater
It is long, cause plant growth impaired.
To achieve the purpose of the present invention, one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of roof greening plant cultivation media preparation side
Method, including fermentation process is carried out to mushroom slag first, fermentation mushroom slag is made, then by raw material turf, fermentation mushroom slag, flyash, treasure
Zhu Yan and water mixing.
Wherein, the fermentation mushroom slag fermentation processing includes the following steps：
A) add water into mushroom slag, adjust mushroom slag moisture content >=50%, pre fermentation mushroom slag is made；
B it) by pre fermentation mushroom slag muck at fermentation heap body, carries out banking up fermentation process, wherein in banking up fermentation treatments
The temperature and moisture content of monitor fermentation heap body；When heap temperature is increased to >=60 DEG C, turning processing is carried out, while spraying to heap body
Water adjusts heap body moisture content >=50%；Until fermentation heap temperature reduction, to room temperature, fermentation terminates, mushroom slag fermentation mixing is made
Object；
C pyroligneous liquor) is added into mushroom slag fermentation mixture heap body, heap placement location 30-45 days again after stirring evenly, after progress
Ripe processing is to get fermentation mushroom slag.
In particular, step A) the mushroom slag moisture content is 50-65%, preferably 60%；Step B) described in when heap body temperature
When degree reaches 60-65 DEG C, turning processing is carried out；Described to spray water to heap body, adjusting heap body moisture content is 50-60%；Step C) institute
The additive amount for stating pyroligneous liquor is 1m3Mushroom slag fermentation mixture in spray 5-10ml pyroligneous liquors, preferably 7.5ml.
Wherein, the pH of the slag of fermenting raw materials mushroom described in step 1) is 6.5-7.5；In alkalescence, dark brown, quality is soft easily
In fragmentary, proportion 0.6-1.0g/cm3, it is rich in organic matter, salinity 0.6-0.8%, main function provides nutrient for matrix；It can
To improve matrix physical property, the integral vent gap of matrix is improved, mitigates matrix unit weight, is the main nutrient composition of matrix,
Matrix water holding capacity is improved, promotes the formation of base kibble structure, maintains and improve matrix fertility.
In particular, the moisture content for further including the adjusting fermentation mushroom slag is 25-35%, preferably 30%.
Especially, the method for water is added to adjust the moisture content of fermentation mushroom slag using solarization dry fermentation mushroom slag or into fermentation mushroom slag.
Wherein, the humic acid that the turf contains has stronger adsorption capacity, increases the crumb structure of soil, soil is made to send out
Warm and sunny, geology is loose light, and soil is made to have stronger water imbibition.
The turf content of organic matter is 30% or more, and quality is soft to be easy to fragmentary, proportion 0.5-0.7g/cm3, be in brown or
Black, pH value are generally 5.5~6.5, are reacted in subacidity, and main function is the physical behavior for improving product, increases product
Aeration, be rich in organic matter, slant acidity adjusts the pH value of matrix, and the humic acid contained has stronger adsorption capacity, increases soil
The crumb structure of earth, so that soil is sent out warm and sunny, geology it is loose light, make soil that there is stronger water imbibition.
Wherein, the pH of the flyash is 6-8；Salinity≤0.03%；Unit weight is 0.6-0.8g/cm3。
In particular, the density of the flyash is 1.2~1.5g/cm3；Unit weight is 0.6~0.8g/cm3；Salinity≤
0.02%；PH is 6-8；Flyash is through high-temp combustion no disease and pests harm.
Flyash has low unit weight (0.6-0.8g/cm3, and the unit weight of soil is average in 1.0-1.5g/cm3), specific surface area
The features such as high, light, therefore it is suitable for roof, pH is between 6-8, and the water imbibition of flyash, the good (80g/ of retentiveness
100g), Water-saving effect is preferable, can play the role of water storage of seeping water；In addition necessary a large amount of containing plant growth in flyash
Nutrient and abundant trace element, such as K, Ca, P, S, Mn, Mo, Se, can ensure the normal growth of plant, no disease pest
Evil.
Perlite is loose, porous, ventilative, light, and main function is to improve the aeration of substrate products and mitigate matrix to produce
Product unit weight.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of roof greening plant cultivation media preparation method, including following sequence carries out
The step of：
1) fermentation mushroom slag is prepared
1A) add water into mushroom slag, adjust mushroom slag moisture content >=50%, pre fermentation mushroom slag is made；
1B) by pre fermentation mushroom slag muck at fermentation heap body, carry out banking up fermentation process, wherein banking up fermentation treatments
The temperature and moisture content of middle monitor fermentation heap body；When heap temperature is increased to >=60 DEG C, turning processing is carried out, while to heap body
Water spray adjusts heap body moisture content >=50%；Until fermentation heap temperature reduction, to room temperature, fermentation terminates, and it is mixed that mushroom slag fermentation is made
Close object；
Pyroligneous liquor 1C) is added into mushroom slag fermentation mixture heap body, heap placement location 30-45 days again after stirring evenly carry out
Aging storage is to get fermentation mushroom slag；
2, it matches and stocks up according to following parts by volume
3) raw material turf, fermentation mushroom slag, flyash, perlite are mixed, mixed material is made in stirring, mixing；
4) add water to mixed material, stir, be uniformly mixed.
Wherein, step 1A) the mushroom slag moisture content is 50-65%, preferably 60%；Step 1B) described in when heap body temperature
When degree reaches 60-65 DEG C, turning processing is carried out；Described to spray water to heap body, adjusting heap body moisture content is 50-60%；Step 1C) institute
The additive amount for stating pyroligneous liquor is 1m3Mushroom slag fermentation mixture in spray 5-10ml pyroligneous liquors, preferably 7.5ml.
In particular, further including step 1D) adjust fermentation mushroom slag moisture content be 25-35%, preferably 30%.
Especially, the fermentation mushroom slag is taupe, loose crumb structure, unit weight 0.9-1.0g/cm3, saturated water weight
For 1.0-1.1g/cm3, pH value 6.5-8.0, salinity 0.6-0.8%.
Wherein, the parts by volume proportioning of raw material described in step 2) is：
In particular, the parts by volume proportioning of the raw material is：
Wherein, step 3) further includes that raw material turf, fermentation mushroom slag, flyash are crossed 5-7mm sieves first, and turf powder is made
End, fermentation mushroom ground-slag end, flyash powder, then mix with perlite again.
In particular, the moisture content of the fermentation mushroom slag is 25-35%, preferably 30%.
Wherein, described in step 4) plus water, stirring be in whipping process into mixed material spray water so that mixture
Moisture content >=20% of material.
In particular, adding water described in step 4) into mixed material, mixing water content of matter is adjusted to 20-30%, preferably
25%.
Another aspect of the invention provides a kind of roof greening plant cultivation media being prepared according to the method described above.
The plant cultivation media of the present invention has the following advantages that：
1, cultivation matrix physicochemical properties prepared by the method for the present invention are stablized, and acid-base value is moderate (pH6.5-8), conductivity
(EC values) is 1.5-2.2mS/cm, unit weight 0.6-0.8g/em3, total porosity 41-63%, ventilating slit reaches 10-
13%, so that matrix is kept good ventilating permeable and unit weight, increases matrix water-retaining property and porosity, the physico performance of matrix
Index meets the requirement of gardening plant suitable growth, reaches the requirement for meeting soilless culture solid matrix suitable for plant culture.
2, the unit weight of cultivation matrix of the invention is 0.7-0.8g/cm3, saturated water unit weight is 1.1-1.2g/cm3, meet plant
Cultivation matrix unit weight (the 0.1-0.8g/cm of object growth3) require, and the cultivation matrix for having reached roof greening plant growth holds
Weight is 0.55-0.9g/cm3；Saturated water unit weight is 1.0-1.3g/cm3Requirement, show the present invention cultivation matrix it is loose, it is penetrating
Property it is good, fixing plant performance it is good, not only can guarantee the plant non-lodging of plantation, but also fixed matrix can be played the role of；And load
It is moderate, it will not additionally increase the weight of building carrier, ensure the safety of building carrier.
3, the total porosity of cultivation matrix prepared by the present invention is 41-63%%, and ventilating slit reaches 10-13%, explanation
The water resistance of matrix of the present invention is good, reduces the problem frequently watered and cause matrix nutrient loss too fast, reduces moisturizing, supplementary fertilizer
Equal maintenance costs；Excessive moisture can be discharged in time for the good penetrability of cultivation matrix, reduce plant root and impregnate in water
Time reduces the soaked toxic action to plant for a long time, also improves the safety of building carrier.
4, during roof greening cultivation matrix use of the invention without sinking and collapse problem, reduce supplement base
Matter, update matrix or the number constructed again, reduce the later maintenance difficulty of roof greening,
5, cultivation matrix nitrogen content prepared by the method for the present invention is 2.15-2.34%, phosphorus content 0.51-0.62%, potassium
Content is 0.45-0.49%, content of organic matter 15.01-23.43%, calcium content 2.21-2.45%, content of magnesium 0.78-
0.89%, matrix nutrition of the invention is moderate, the due to of growing too fast will not be caused to threaten building safety and increasing because nutrition is excessively high
Add later maintenance cost, will not can not ensure that plant normality is grown because of oligotrophy.
6, preparation method of the invention is simple for process, easy to operate, and product yield is high, and product quality is controllable, the cultivation of preparation
Training matrix meets the requirement of roof greening soilless culture substrate.
7, present invention utilizes trade wastes and agricultural wastes to be combined, and (1) solves resource constraint and is becoming tight problem；
(2) noxious waste pollution is reduced；(3) AGRICULTURAL ENERGY resource utilization rate is improved；(4) flyash that the present invention uses is industry
Waste, amount it is big, inexpensive, solve traditional matrices subsidence problems (because job location particularity, matrix sinking can cause
Later maintenance cost is high or even project failure).
Specific implementation mode
The invention will now be further described with reference to specific embodiments, the advantages and features of the present invention will be with description and
It is apparent.But examples are merely exemplary for these, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.People in the art
Member it should be understood that without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention can to the details of technical solution of the present invention and form into
Row modifications or substitutions, but these modifications and replacement are each fallen in protection scope of the present invention.
Experimental method used in following embodiments is conventional method unless otherwise specified.
Material as used in the following examples, reagent, equipment, instrument etc., unless otherwise specified, commercially
It arrives.
The raw material flyash of roof greening of the present invention plant cultivation media is the Chengde City, Hebei Province Luanping County townshiies Fu Yingzi,
The all grey libraries of Xi Ying storages of Chengde Luanhe Power Plant, the phosphorus content of flyash is high, is rich in a large amount of activated carbon, the raw material that the present invention uses
The pH of flyash is 6-8；Salinity≤0.03%；Unit weight is 0.6-0.8g/cm3.Loss on ignition is 5-8%
The embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by taking above-mentioned flyash as an example, other pH are 6-8；Salinity≤0.03%；Unit weight is
0.6-0.8g/cm3Flyash be suitable for the present invention.
Embodiment 1
1, fermentation mushroom slag is prepared
It is 1A) that the residue mushroom ground-slag after harvesting edible mushroom is broken, it then sprays water, the moisture content for adjusting mushroom slag is 60% (logical
It is often 50%-65%, preferably 50-60%), pre fermentation mushroom slag is made；
Mushroom slag usually selects fresh mushroom slag, including Pleurotus eryngii mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag, oyster mushroom mushroom slag etc.；
1B) pre fermentation mushroom slag muck is placed in fermentation tank, carries out banking up fermentation process, and monitors the temperature of heap body and aqueous
Rate；
Fermentation time is calculated since being stacked in fermentation tank pre fermentation mushroom slag, with the progress of fermentation, heap temperature is first
It increases and then declines, banking up fermentation treatments when heap temperature is increased to 60 DEG C (usually >=60 DEG C, preferably 60-65 DEG C)
When, turning is carried out, is sprayed water to heap body when turning, it is 60% (being usually 50-60%) to adjust heap body moisture content, until heap temperature
It is reduced to room temperature (being usually 15-30 DEG C, preferably 20-25 DEG C), stops fermentation process, mushroom slag fermentation mixture is made；
Pyroligneous liquor 1C) is added into the mushroom slag fermentation mixture heap body for stopping fermentation process, stirs evenly, then banks up again
It in fermentation tank, stacks 30-45 days, carries out Aging storage, the fermentation mushroom slag of the present invention is made, wherein the amount of the pyroligneous liquor added
For 1m3Mushroom slag fermentation mixture in sprinkling 7.5ml (be usually 5-10ml) pyroligneous liquor；The moisture content of fermentation mushroom slag is 30%
(being usually 25-35%).
2, raw material turf, flyash, fermentation mushroom slag, perlite are subjected to screening process respectively, crossing screen-aperture respectively is
5mm, 7mm are sieved, and turf powder, flyash powder that grain size is 5-7mm, fermentation mushroom ground-slag end, perlite powder are made respectively；
3, according to following proportioning stock (× 0.05m3)
4, raw material turf, mushroom slag, flyash, perlite are stirred, after stirring evenly, are sprayed into mixed material
Watering, adjust mixed material water content be 25% (be usually >=20%, preferably 20-30%, further preferably 25%),
To obtain the final product.
The performance indicator of the roof greening of preparation plant cultivation media is detected as follows：
Dry density, maximum capillary capacity, total porosity, ventilating slit, water holding hole are measured using core cutter method, specific to survey
It is as follows to determine method：
It is 200cm to take cultivation matrix manufactured in the present embodiment to fill it up with volume3Cutting ring, wherein the weight of cutting ring be W0, cultivation
Matrix and the total weight of cutting ring are W1, then cutting ring and cultivation matrix are impregnated in water, immersion is weighed afterwards for 24 hours, weight W2,
Moisture in cutting ring is re-weighed (W after freely draining3), cutting ring is put into baking oven to cutting ring quality after no longer changing and is weighed
(W4), it calculates as follows：
Dry density (g/cm3)=(wi-w0)/200
Maximum capillary capacity (g/g)=(w3-w1)/(w1-w0)
Total porosity (%)=(w2-w1)/200 × 100%
Ventilating slit (%)=(w2-w3)/200 × 100%
Water holding hole (%)=total porosity-ventilating slit
Water saturation matrix weight (g)=W2-W0
Density of matrix (g/cm3)=(W4-W0)/200
Matrix pH value is measured using pH meter and conductivity meter, EC, TDS, salt angle value, specific assay method is as follows：
Use solid-to-liquid ratio for 1 cultivation matrix and water：The ratio of 10 (W/V) mixes, and vibrates centrifugal filtration after 30min, makes
The pH value in filtrate is measured with pH meter；EC values, TDS, the salt angle value of filtrate are measured using conductivity meter.
Respectively according to national standard method GB 7173-1987《Total soil nitrogen measuring method (semimicro Kelvin method)》,GB 9836-
1988《The full potassium measuring method of soil》,GB 9837-1988《Total Phosphorus In Soil measuring method》,GB 9834-1988《The soil organism measures
Method》The total nitrogen content of cultivation matrix for roof greening prepared by the measurement present invention, full potassium content, content of tatal phosphorus, the content of organic matter.
Using agriculture standard NY-T 296-1995《The measurement of soil total calcium, magnesium, sodium》Length method measure the present invention
The calcium of the cultivation matrix for roof greening of preparation, the content of magnesium, sodium,
The performance indicator testing result of cultivation matrix is as shown in table 1,2,3.
Embodiment 2
1, fermentation mushroom slag is prepared
It is 1A) that the residue mushroom ground-slag after harvesting edible mushroom is broken, it then sprays water, the moisture content for adjusting mushroom slag is 55%, system
Obtain pre fermentation mushroom slag；
1B) pre fermentation mushroom slag muck is placed in fermentation tank, carries out banking up fermentation process, and monitors the temperature of heap body and aqueous
Rate；
Fermentation time is calculated since being stacked in fermentation tank pre fermentation mushroom slag, with the progress of fermentation, heap temperature is first
It increases and then declines, banking up fermentation treatments when heap temperature is increased to 65 DEG C (usually >=60 DEG C, preferably 60-65 DEG C)
When, turning is carried out, is sprayed water to heap body when turning, it is 55% (being usually 50-60%) to adjust heap body moisture content, until heap temperature
It is reduced to room temperature (being usually 15-30 DEG C, preferably 20-25 DEG C), stops fermentation process, mushroom slag fermentation mixture is made；
Pyroligneous liquor 1C) is added into the mushroom slag fermentation mixture heap body for stopping fermentation process, stirs evenly, then banks up again
In in fermentation tank, stacking 45 days (being usually 30-45 days), Aging storage is carried out, the fermentation mushroom slag of the present invention is made, wherein adding
Pyroligneous liquor amount be 1m3Mushroom slag fermentation mixture in sprinkling 5ml (be usually 5-10ml) pyroligneous liquor.
2, raw material turf, flyash, fermentation mushroom slag, perlite are subjected to screening process respectively, crossing screen-aperture respectively is
5mm, 7mm are sieved, and turf powder, flyash powder that grain size is 5-7mm, fermentation mushroom ground-slag end, perlite powder are made respectively；
3, according to following proportioning stock (× 0.05m3)
4, raw material turf, mushroom slag, flyash, perlite are stirred, after stirring evenly, are sprayed into mixed material
Watering, adjust mixed material water content be 30% to get.
The performance indicator testing result of the cultivation matrix of preparation is as shown in table 1,2.
Embodiment 3
1, fermentation mushroom slag is prepared
It is 1A) that the residue mushroom ground-slag after harvesting edible mushroom is broken, it then sprays water, the moisture content for adjusting mushroom slag is 65%, system
Obtain pre fermentation mushroom slag；
1B) pre fermentation mushroom slag muck is placed in fermentation tank, carries out banking up fermentation process, and monitors the temperature of heap body and aqueous
Rate；
Fermentation time is calculated since being stacked in fermentation tank pre fermentation mushroom slag, with the progress of fermentation, heap temperature is first
It increases and then declines, banking up fermentation treatments when heap temperature is increased to 60 DEG C (usually >=60 DEG C, preferably 60-65 DEG C)
When, turning is carried out, is sprayed water to heap body when turning, it is 60% (being usually 50-60%) to adjust heap body moisture content, until heap temperature
It is reduced to room temperature (being usually 15-30 DEG C, preferably 20-25 DEG C), stops fermentation process, mushroom slag fermentation mixture is made；
Pyroligneous liquor 1C) is added into the mushroom slag fermentation mixture heap body for stopping fermentation process, stirs evenly, then banks up again
In in fermentation tank, stacking 30 days (being usually 30-45 days), Aging storage is carried out, the fermentation mushroom slag of the present invention is made, wherein adding
Pyroligneous liquor amount be 1m3Mushroom slag fermentation mixture in sprinkling 10ml (be usually 5-10ml) pyroligneous liquor.
2, raw material turf, flyash, fermentation mushroom slag, perlite are subjected to screening process respectively, crossing screen-aperture respectively is
5mm, 7mm are sieved, and turf powder, flyash powder that grain size is 5-7mm, fermentation mushroom ground-slag end, perlite powder are made respectively；
3, according to following proportioning stock (× 0.05m3)
4, raw material turf, mushroom slag, flyash, perlite are stirred, after stirring evenly, are sprayed into mixed material
Watering, adjust mixed material water content be 27% to get.
The performance indicator testing result of the cultivation matrix of preparation is as shown in table 1,2.
Embodiment 4
1, fermentation mushroom slag is prepared
It is same as Example 1.
2, raw material turf, flyash, fermentation mushroom slag, perlite are subjected to screening process respectively, crossing screen-aperture respectively is
5mm, 7mm are sieved, and turf powder, flyash powder that grain size is 5-7mm, fermentation mushroom ground-slag end, perlite powder are made respectively；
3, according to following proportioning stock (× 0.05m3)
4, raw material turf, mushroom slag, flyash, perlite are stirred, after stirring evenly, are sprayed into mixed material
Watering, adjust mixed material water content be 20% to get.
The performance indicator testing result of the cultivation matrix of preparation is as shown in table 1,2.
Embodiment 5
1, fermentation mushroom slag is prepared
It is same as Example 1.
2, raw material turf, flyash, fermentation mushroom slag, perlite are subjected to screening process respectively, crossing screen-aperture respectively is
5mm, 7mm are sieved, and turf powder, flyash powder that grain size is 5-7mm, fermentation mushroom ground-slag end, perlite powder are made respectively；
3, according to following proportioning stock (× 0.05m3)
4, raw material turf, mushroom slag, flyash, perlite are stirred, after stirring evenly, are sprayed into mixed material
Watering, adjust mixed material water content be 25% to get.
The performance indicator testing result of the cultivation matrix of preparation is as shown in table 1,2.
Embodiment 6
1, fermentation mushroom slag is prepared
It is same as Example 1.
2, raw material turf, flyash, fermentation mushroom slag, perlite are subjected to screening process respectively, crossing screen-aperture respectively is
5mm, 7mm are sieved, and turf powder, flyash powder that grain size is 5-7mm, fermentation mushroom ground-slag end, perlite powder are made respectively；
3, according to following proportioning stock (× 0.05m3)
4, raw material turf, mushroom slag, flyash, perlite are stirred, after stirring evenly, are sprayed into mixed material
Watering, adjust mixed material water content be 25% to get.
The performance indicator testing result of the cultivation matrix of preparation is as shown in table 1,2,3.
1 matrix basic physical property of table
2 matrix basic physical property of table
3 matrix basic physical property of table
| Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 5 | Embodiment 6 | Reference examples 1 | Reference examples 2 | |
| TN (%) | 2.23 | 2.15 | 2.25 | 2.34 | 2.21 | 2.19 | 3.35 | 0.89 |
| TP (%) | 0.55 | 0.57 | 0.51 | 0.58 | 0.54 | 0.62 | 0.89 | 0.32 |
| TK (%) | 0.46 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.47 | 0.49 | 0.45 | 0.68 | 0.21 |
| Organic matter (%) | 15.01 | 17.32 | 16.69 | 18.17 | 23.43 | 17.89 | 57.76 | 1.09 |
| Ca (%) | 2.34 | 2.21 | 2.41 | 2.32 | 2.37 | 2.45 | 0.98 | 4.01 |
| Mg (%) | 0.89 | 0.81 | 0.78 | 0.88 | 0.79 | 0.82 | 0.67 | 1.08 |
The testing result of table 1,2,3 shows：
1, the roof greening that the present invention is prepared using trade waste flyash, agricultural wastes mushroom slag as primary raw material
With plant cultivation media, the needs of plant normal growth can be met, take full advantage of agriculture and forestry, process waste, it is comprehensive
Using resource, that is, reducing production cost again realizes recycling for agricultural resource, is conducive to environmental protection.
2, the unit weight of plant cultivation media of the invention is 0.7-0.8g/cm3, matrix saturated water weight is 1.1-1.2g/cm3,
The unit weight for meeting roof greening matrix is less than 0.9g/cm3, matrix saturated water is again less than 1.3g/cm3Technology requirement, show this hair
The roof of bright preparation is used for roof with greening cultivation matrix, can not only ensure the needs of plant normal growth, but also can ensure that use
The safety of the building of cultivation matrix of the present invention.
3, roof afforesting matrix of the invention is loose, and permeability is good, and fixing plant performance is good, both can guarantee the plant of plantation
Object non-lodging, and fixed matrix can be played the role of；And load is moderate, will not additionally increase the weight of building carrier, ensures
The safety of building carrier；
4, the total porosity of cultivation matrix prepared by the present invention is 41-60%, and ventilating slit reaches 10-13%, shows this
The aeration and good water-retaining property of the roof greening cultivation matrix of invention；
The maximum capillary capacity of the matrix of the present invention is 75-82%, and water saturation matrix weighs to 1.1-1.2g/cm3, say
The water absorbing capacity of the cultivation matrix of the bright present invention is strong, and guarantor's storage property is good, and it is (i.e. every that usual matrix water imbibition of the present invention reaches 80g/100g
100g matrix water suction 80g), you can effectively to retain rainwater, and the water imbibition of general soil is only capable of reaching 30/100g；This hair
The maximum hollow billet draft amount of bright matrix reaches (75-82) g/100g, can be able to be that roof is green with effectively catching rainwater and irrigation water
Change plant and sufficient moisture condition is provided, and irrigation times can be reduced, using water wisely prevents nutrient loss, streamlining management measure；
And water-holding capacity is moderate, does not increase the load of building carrier additionally, ensures the safety of building；
5, the performance indicators such as aeration, water-retaining property, unit weight of cultivation matrix prepared by the present invention meet plant growth substrate
The requirement of matter, and it is solid to meet soilless culture all close to even better than existing roof greening matrix for its physicochemical properties
The requirement of body matrix.
6, the ranging from 7.2-7.5 of the pH of cultivation matrix of the invention, EC value 0.8-1.0mS/cm, optimum is as no soil
Cultivation matrix.The acid-base value of cultivation matrix prepared by the present invention is in alkalescent, meets the requirement of soilless culture substrate, can be to plant
Object provides stable matrix growth environment does not influence the nutrient balance of cultivation matrix to plant nonhazardous effect and harmful effect.
7, cultivation matrix nitrogen content prepared by the method for the present invention is 2.15-2.34%, phosphorus content 0.51-0.62%, potassium
Content is 0.45-0.49%, content of organic matter 15.01-23.43%, calcium content 2.21-2.45%, content of magnesium 0.78-
0.89%, matrix nutrition of the invention is moderate, and the content of organic matter is less, is less than 30%, will not cause to grow because nutrition is excessively high
Building safety is threatened soon and increases later maintenance cost, will not can not ensure that plant normality is grown because of oligotrophy.
Reference examples 1
Traditional matrices (the mushroom bran growing nursery and culture base produced with commercially available Beijing Mountain-spring Condar Ecological techniques Co., Ltd
Matter) it is reference examples 1.
The performance indicator testing result of traditional matrices is as shown in table 1,2.
Reference examples 2
It is reference examples 2 with commercially available roof greening dedicated substrate (precious green plain matrix, Lingshou County Lv Chen mineral products processings factory).
The performance indicator testing result of roof greening plantation substrate is as shown in table 1,2.
1 germination percentage of test example is tested
The air-dried cultivation matrix and distilled water of embodiment 1-6 and reference examples 1-2 is extracted for 24 hours in the ratio of 1: 5 (V/V)
Afterwards, qualitative filter paper filters.Matrix leaching liquor 5ml is taken, is added in the 9cm culture dishes for being covered with 2 layers of filter paper, is put in each culture dish
Entering 20, pakchoi seed, (Brassica rapa L.Chinensis Group., small morning No. 1, it is good to be purchased from vegetable gardening in Beijing
Kind research and development centre), using distilled water as blank control.It is put into middle carry out germination test in 25 DEG C of constant incubators, cultivates 48h
Observation is taken out afterwards, records germination number, calculates germination percentage.And the root long degree of chitting piece is measured using electronic vernier caliper,
Germination percentage and germination index are calculated according to formula：Measurement result is shown in Table 4.
Germination percentage (%)=seed mean germination number/seed sum × 100%
Germination index (GI)=(radicle length average value × chitting piece number)/(control radicle length average value × germination
Seed number)
4 matrix germination percentage of table and germination index
The testing result of table 3 shows：Not only germination percentage is big for the cultivation matrix of the present invention, but also germination index reaches 98-
134, illustrate the cultivation matrix of the present invention suitable for being used as soilless culture substrate.With traditional matrices and the special base of commercially available roof greening
Matter compares, and the physicochemical property of plant cultivation media prepared by the present invention meets green plant growth needs, illustrates the cultivation of the present invention
Matrix is nontoxic, harmless, to green plant growth-gen toxic action, reaches plant normal growth development necessary requirement, is suitable for plant growth,
It can be used for the plantation of roof greening plant.
2 matrix entrapment rainwater of test example and permeability test.
The matrix of the embodiment 1-6 matrix prepared and reference examples 1-2 is respectively charged into PV material casees (the long 0.59m of babinet,
Wide 0.38m, high 0.34m, bottom beat the hole of size equalization in same position, and the geotextiles of size equalization are spread in bottom), matrix
High 15cm.The rainy scene of simulation, upper box part spread spray irrigation pipe, adjust spray cans head pressure, the water yield in each case is made to be consistent,
It puts container and connects the water not being trapped in bottom portion.After tested, the jet flow amount in every case is in 8.38mm/min/m2, spray in each case
30min is equivalent to extra torrential rain (rainfall 251mm) in short-term.It records each chest and initially produces water time t1, terminate the production water time
T2 and water yield v1；Matrix entrapment amount (v2), infiltration rate (f) are calculated, test result is as shown in table 5, wherein
Matrix entrapment amount v2=sprinkling irrigation amount V- water yields v1
Infiltration rate f=matrix entrapment amounts v2/ (babinet cross-sectional area S* initially produces water time t1)
Above-mentioned experiment does three groups altogether by the water content difference of matrix, and the water content of first group of all embodiment and reference examples exists
10%, the water content of second group of all embodiment and reference examples is 30%, the water content of third group all embodiments and reference examples
50%.Cultivation matrix is simulated under the conditions of different drought, the ability and infiltration rate of the retention rainwater of matrix when encountering rainfall.
The testing result of table 5 shows that under the conditions of different drought, embodiment 1-6 has good water imbibition, can be fine
Retention rainwater.Embodiment 1-6 has good water imbibition, will not because of matrix itself water content it is low without hygroscopic；From
It is significantly different that experimental result can be seen that the water imbibition of reference examples 1 can have because of the water content of itself difference, when water content is less than
When 30%, matrix is not hygroscopic, and moisture is directly lost in, if in roof greening, may lead to base because plunging rain suddenly
Matter is largely lost with rainwater, and later stage water seasoning is also difficult；And the water absorption that can be seen that matrix in reference examples 2 is very small,
Water retention property is also poor, and later maintenance needs frequently watering, wastes a large amount of manpower and materials.Embodiment 1-6 is more suitable for retaining rainwater, delays
The rain pressure caused by sewerage system that plunges is rushed, later maintenance is also time saving and energy saving.
In roof greening cultivation matrix prepared by the present invention, flyash is core matrix, fermentation mushroom slag, turf, pearl
Rock is auxiliary matrix, and flyash is inorganic matrix, is surplus materials of the coal after power plant fully burns, and being practically free of any has
Machine matter, but containing being provided with most of mineral element of plant growth, and support plant growth, will not because environment it is severe due to
Decompose, the absorption of plant and reduce.And matrix available on the market is mostly using turf as core matrix, turf itself is containing abundant
Organic matter, can be released with the growth of plant, organic matter and absorb and generate sinking, roof greening prepared by the present invention
Matrix thus is not easy to sink because of the difference of its ingredient performance and commercially available roof greening matrix.
Traditional matrices unit weight kicks the beam, and plant cannot be fixed and supported well, and using turf as primary raw material, due to turf
It containing a large amount of organic matter, in growing process, is easy to be absorbed by plants and decompose, sink so as to cause matrix；And from
Right original soil increases the load of building since its unit weight is excessive, and safety reduces, and is unsuitable for roof planting.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of roof greening plant cultivation media preparation method, characterized in that including first handling mushroom slag fermentation, be made
Ferment mushroom slag, then by raw material turf, fermentation mushroom slag, flyash, perlite and water mixing.
2. preparation method as described in claim 1, characterized in that the mushroom slag fermentation processing includes the following steps：
A) add water into mushroom slag, adjust mushroom slag moisture content >=50%, pre fermentation mushroom slag is made；
B it) by pre fermentation mushroom slag muck at fermentation heap body, carries out banking up fermentation process, wherein monitor in banking up fermentation treatments
The temperature and moisture content of fermentation heap body；When heap temperature is increased to >=60 DEG C, turning processing is carried out, while spraying water to heap body,
Adjust heap body moisture content >=50%；Until fermentation heap temperature reduction, to room temperature, fermentation terminates, and mushroom slag fermentation mixture is made；
C pyroligneous liquor) is added into mushroom slag fermentation mixture heap body, heap placement location 30-45 days again after stirring evenly carry out at after-ripening
Reason is to get fermentation mushroom slag.
3. preparation method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that step A) the mushroom slag moisture content is 50-65%；Step B)
Described in when heap temperature reaches 60-65 DEG C, carry out turning processing；Described to spray water to heap body, adjusting heap body moisture content is 50-
60%；Step C) additive amount of the pyroligneous liquor is 1m3Mushroom slag fermentation mixture in spray 5-10ml pyroligneous liquors.
4. a kind of roof greening plant cultivation media preparation method, characterized in that include the steps that following sequence carries out：
1) fermentation mushroom slag is prepared
1A) add water into mushroom slag, adjust mushroom slag moisture content >=50%, pre fermentation mushroom slag is made；
1B) by pre fermentation mushroom slag muck at fermentation heap body, carry out banking up fermentation process, wherein supervise in banking up fermentation treatments
Control the temperature and moisture content of fermentation heap body；When heap temperature is increased to >=60 DEG C, turning processing is carried out, while spraying to heap body
Water adjusts heap body moisture content >=50%；Until fermentation heap temperature reduction, to room temperature, fermentation terminates, mushroom slag fermentation mixing is made
Object；
Pyroligneous liquor 1C) is added into mushroom slag fermentation mixture heap body, heap placement location 30-45 days again after stirring evenly carry out after-ripening
Processing is to get fermentation mushroom slag；
2, it matches and stocks up according to following parts by volume
3) raw material turf, fermentation mushroom slag, flyash, perlite are mixed, mixed material is made in stirring, mixing；
4) add water to mixed material, stir, be uniformly mixed to get.
5. preparation method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that step 1C) described in pyroligneous liquor additive amount be 1m3Mushroom
5-10ml pyroligneous liquors are sprayed in slag fermenting mixture.
6. preparation method as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that further include step 1D) adjust fermentation mushroom slag moisture content be
25-35%.
7. preparation method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the parts by volume of raw material described in step 2), which matches, is：
8. preparation method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the parts by volume of the raw material, which matches, is：
9. preparation method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that described in step 4) plus water, stirring, mixing make mixture
Expect moisture content >=20%.
10. a kind of roof greening plant cultivation media, it is characterized in that prepare according to any the methods of such as claim 1-9 and
At.
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| CN111602579A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-09-01 | 刘克锋 | Autotrophic roof greening substrate and manufacturing method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20181113 |