CN102823482A - Cold region paddy seedling culture matrix - Google Patents
Cold region paddy seedling culture matrix Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a cold region paddy seedling culture matrix and relates to a paddy seedling culture matrix, and the cold region paddy seedling culture matrix is used for solving the problems of slow seedling emergence of the earlier stage, more irrigation times, serious damping off during the mid-to-late stage of seedling growing and obvious fertilizer removal during the later stage of the seedling when the existing paddy seedling culture matrix is applied in paddy cultivating areas of cold regions. The cold region paddy seedling culture matrix is prepared from edible fungus residues, coal ash, grass carbon, vermiculite and perlite, or ground straw, the coal ash, the grass carbon, the vermiculite and the perlite. The paddy which uses the cold region paddy seedling culture matrix does not need disease preventing and weeding during the seedling culture period, only needs to be irrigated, is convenient to operate, time-saving and labor-saving, has high quality seedlings and stronger stress resistance, no damping off, bacterial wilt and other diseases are caused during the seedling stage, and the seedlings are short and strong, have wide leaves and bright green color. The cold region paddy seedling culture matrix is applied in the paddy field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of seedling cultivation of rice matrix.
Background technology
China calls rice district, cold ground to the rice district to the north of north latitude 40 degree usually, and it is the most northern that the Heilongjiang Province is located in China, is one of high latitude rice district in the world, and the rice cultivation zone is 44 ° 20 ' 18.44～50 ° 15 ' 1.01 of north latitude, genus tremble with fear the rice district.That the paddy rice in cold region growth characteristic is that number of growing days is short, active accumulated temperature is few, heat up early stage is slow, mid-term high-temperature time short, post drop is fast, chilling injury is many etc.
The rice shoot with rsgun and wide planting technology has played decisive role for the high yield of paddy rice, stable yields, but non-irrigated seedling is prone to take place damping off, needs acid adjustment, sterilization.The acid adjustment of rice seedling on upland field process, sterilize, join fertilizer, change sport technique segment more complicated such as control, the peasant is difficult for grasping, and tends to occur such or such mistake, causes certain loss, thereby R&D institution at different levels begins numerous and confused its supporting seedling-cultivation technique of project verification research.Research and develop out acid adjustment in 1991, sterilize, join fertilizer, change supporting technology product--the paddy rice seedling strengthening nutritional agents that sport technique segment such as control combines together, efficiently solve the problem that occurs in the seedling cultivation of rice process.
But after the method for seedling strengthen agent+bed soil is used more than 20 year, nowadays have many problems on the seedling cultivation of rice: 1. fertile amount is excessive, the packing poor effect.2. show market seedling strengthen agent kind more than 40,50% above seedling strengthen agent kind, ambiguous on consumption, the plantation family leans on the experience consumption seedling phenomenon often to occur burning.3. with the plant growth regulator that is repeatedly used synthetic behind the seedling strengthen agent again with root-inducing powder, the treasured of taking root, the spirit of taking root etc., the plant growth substance total amount is excessive, causes paddy rice that poisoning takes place.4. the seedbed does not have safe weed killer herbicide, and seedbed chemical weed control poisoning is general.5. the subject matter one of preparing seedling nutrition soil is big with the soil amount, and it is serious to destroy mollic, as need seedling soil 2.5m by the per hectare Honda
3Calculate, seedling soil 6,600,000 m need be got in 4,000 ten thousand mu of paddy fields
3, the fertile black earth arable land that is equivalent to the 10cm topsoil is destroyed for annual 100000 mu, causes a large amount of high-qualitys farmland to be ruined, and good mountain region vegetation is destroyed.The 2nd, the difficulty that fetches earth, Heilungkiang is located in Han Qu, gets warm again after a cold spell spring to thaw slowly, can not fetch earth in good time and grow seedlings, and seedling is of poor quality.The 3rd, labour intensity is big, nutrition soil foster and apply fertilizer and prepare need fetch earth, sieve soil, mix soil, need lifting when Honda is transplanted, remove seedling, the fortune seedling, not only operation is loaded down with trivial details, rice shoot is heavy, and mechanical work load and loss are big.
Because there are some problems in the native compound method of seedling strengthen agent+bed, and because the non-irrigated seedling raising amount of fetching earth is big, soil, ecotope is damaged; After 2000; Production unit and the R&D institution substitute products that all begin one's study, original adoption paddy rice rice husk soilless breeding seeding technology, poor water retention property; Planting percent is merely 8.05%, does not obtain large scale application.
Solving the seedling cultivation of rice difficult problem that fetches earth is national problem, and in recent years, the seedling medium of paddy machinery rice transplanting appears being fit in south, is that present cost is lower, nursery effect matrix preferably.But reason owing to weather; South and rice in north china plantation otherness are very big; This matrix on cold ground rice do the district use exist emerge early stage slow, water often, seedling growth middle and later periods damping off is serious and the rice shoot later stage is obviously taken off fertile problem; Its reason is: 1, this matrix heat insulating ability is poor, and temperature is lower during the paddy rice in cold region seeding and growing seedling, therefore causes slow, the uneven problem of emerging of emerging early stage; 2, this passing through property of matrix is strong, and poor water retention property needs water every day; 3, the south rice growth requires the pH value in 5.5～7.0 scopes, to get final product, and rice in north china requires the pH value in 4.5～5.5 scopes, so this matrix is not suitable for the rice in north china growing environment, seedling growth middle and later periods damping off is serious; 4, southern rice shoot seedling age got final product rice transplanting about 20 days, and northern rice shoot seedling age needs 30～35 days, therefore use this matrix after the rice shoot later stage obviously take off fertilizer.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to solve existing seedling cultivation of rice matrix on cold ground rice do the district use exist emerge early stage slow, water often, seedling growth middle and later periods damping off is serious and the rice shoot later stage is obviously taken off fertile problem, and a kind of paddy rice in cold region seedling medium is provided.
A kind of paddy rice in cold region seedling medium, paddy rice in cold region seedling medium are to be processed by 30～60 parts of lignocellulosic materials, 10～30 parts of flyash, 10～20 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses, 10～20 parts of vermiculites and 10～20 parts of perlites by mass fraction; Wherein said lignocellulosic material is edible fungi residue or powder of straw.
The pH value of paddy rice in cold region seedling medium of the present invention has good heat preservation performance, the advantage of good water-retaining property between 4.5～6.0 and owing to added flyash, vermiculite; Use the paddy rice of paddy rice in cold region seedling medium of the present invention to emerge in earlier stage soon, emerge neatly, whole nursery stage need not diseases prevention, need not weeding, only need water primary water in 3～5 days and get final product; Easy and simple to handle, the time and labour saving, seedling quality is high; Resistance is stronger, does not have disease generations such as upright withered, that green grass or young crops is withered seedling stage, and rice shoot is short strong; False stem broadening 0.12cm, blade is roomy, and color and luster is bright green.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the emerge state of rice growing after 20 days of experimental group in the test 1;
Fig. 2 is the emerge state of rice growing after 20 days of control group in the test 1;
Root felt sketch map when Fig. 3 reaches 3.5 left and right sides leaf ages for the rice shoot of experimental group in the test 1.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: a kind of paddy rice in cold region seedling medium of this embodiment, paddy rice in cold region seedling medium are to be processed by 30～60 parts of lignocellulosic materials, 10～30 parts of flyash, 10～20 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses, 10～20 parts of vermiculites and 10～20 parts of perlites by mass fraction; Wherein said lignocellulosic material is edible fungi residue or powder of straw.
Edible fungi residue in this embodiment is the composts or fertilisers of cultivating behind the culturing edible fungus.
The pH value of the paddy rice in cold region seedling medium of this embodiment has good heat preservation performance, the advantage of good water-retaining property between 4.5～6.0 and owing to added flyash, vermiculite; Use the paddy rice of paddy rice in cold region seedling medium of the present invention to emerge in earlier stage soon, emerge neatly, whole nursery stage need not diseases prevention, need not weeding, only need water primary water in 3～5 days and get final product; Easy and simple to handle, the time and labour saving, seedling quality is high; Resistance is stronger, does not have disease generations such as upright withered, that green grass or young crops is withered seedling stage, and rice shoot is short strong; False stem broadening 0.12cm, blade is roomy, and color and luster is bright green.
Embodiment two: what this embodiment and embodiment one were different is that the paddy rice in cold region seedling medium is to be processed by the stalk after 40～60 parts of pulverizing, 10～20 parts of flyash, 10～15 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses, 10～15 parts of vermiculites and 10～15 parts of perlites by mass fraction.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: what this embodiment was different with embodiment one or two is that the paddy rice in cold region seedling medium is to be processed by 40～60 parts of edible fungi residues, 10～20 parts of flyash, 10～15 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses, 10～15 parts of vermiculites and 10～15 parts of perlites by mass fraction.Other is identical with embodiment one or two.
Embodiment four: what this embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to three is that the paddy rice in cold region seedling medium is to be processed by the stalk after 60 parts of pulverizing, 10 parts of flyash, 10 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses, 10 parts of vermiculites and 10 parts of perlites by mass fraction.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to three.
Embodiment five: what this embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to four is that the paddy rice in cold region seedling medium is to be processed by 60 parts of edible fungi residues, 10 parts of flyash, 10 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses, 10 parts of vermiculites and 10 parts of perlites by mass fraction.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to four.
With following verification experimental verification beneficial effect of the present invention:
Test 1
Test is divided into experimental group and control group.
The seedling cultivation of rice matrix of experimental group; Be to process by 60 parts of golden mushroom slags, 10 parts of flyash, 10 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses, 10 parts of vermiculites and 10 parts of perlites; Its method is: at first per 1000 grams of golden mushroom slag are added leavening 100 grams; 55～65 ℃ condition bottom fermentations 25 days, golden mushroom slag and the flyash, the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite, the perlite that ferment are mixed by formula rate, after stirring both the seedling cultivation of rice matrix of experimental group; Wherein the fermentation maturity agent is the commercially available prod, buys the Hebi City biologic product Co., Ltd in Henan Province.
The seedling cultivation of rice matrix of control group is the commercially available prod.
The seedling cultivation of rice matrix of experimental group is used for rice district, cold ground, and paddy rice emerges soon, emerges neat in earlier stage, and whole nursery stage need not diseases prevention, need not weeding; Only need water primary water in 3～5 days and get final product, seedling quality is high, and resistance is stronger; Do not have disease generations such as upright withered, that green grass or young crops is withered seedling stage, rice shoot is short strong, false stem broadening 0.12cm; Blade is roomy, and color and luster is bright green, can reach the standard in strong sprout fully.Matrix rice shoot well developed root system, when rice shoot reached 3.5 left and right sides leaf ages, root system can coil the root felt of forming consolidation, gets Miao Shike and directly rolls (see figure 3) to rice shoot.
During cold ground drought is educated strong sprout standard: seedling leaf 3.1～3.5 leaves, 35 days length of time rice seedlings grow, acrial part 3,3,1,1,8; Stem is long 3 millimeters promptly; In high 3 centimetres of first leaf sheath, about 1 centimetre of the 1st leaf auricle and the 2nd leaf auricle spacing, about 1 centimetre of the 2nd leaf auricle and the 3rd leaf auricle spacing; Long about 8 centimetres of the 3rd leaf leaf, about 13 centimetres of plant heights; Under ground portion 1,5,8,9, promptly seminal root is 1,5 of sheath leaf segment roots, not exclusively the leaf segment root is 8, and 9 breakthroughs of the first leaf segment root are waited to send out; More than hundred strain overground part dry weights, 3 grams, fibrous root is many, the root hair is many, the tip of a root is many.
The seedling cultivation of rice matrix of control group is used for rice district, cold ground, paddy rice exist emerge early stage slow, emerge uneven, need to water every day, seedling growth middle and later periods damping off seriously and the rice shoot later stage problem of obviously taking off fertilizer.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are respectively experimental group and the emerge state of control group plantation after 20 days, and be as shown in Figure 1, the paddy rice of experimental group, and it is fast to emerge, and it is neat to emerge, and height of seedling is 11cm; Paddy rice after control group seedling cultivation of rice matrix is cultivated, it is slow to emerge, and it is uneven to emerge.
Test 2
Test is divided into experimental group and control group.
The seedling cultivation of rice matrix of experimental group; Be to process by the stalk after 60 parts of pulverizing, 10 parts of flyash, 10 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses, 10 parts of vermiculites and 10 parts of perlites; Its method is: at first with crushed stalk, per 1000 grams of the stalk after will pulverizing then added fermentation maturity agent 100 grams, 55～65 ℃ condition bottom fermentations 25 days; The stalk that ferments is mixed by formula rate with flyash, the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite, perlite, both got the seedling cultivation of rice matrix of experimental group after stirring; Wherein the fermentation maturity agent is the commercially available prod, buys the Hebi City biologic product Co., Ltd in Henan Province.
The seedling cultivation of rice matrix of control group is the commercially available prod.
The seedling cultivation of rice matrix of experimental group is used for rice district, cold ground, and paddy rice emerges soon, emerges neat in earlier stage, and whole nursery stage need not diseases prevention, need not weeding; Only need water primary water in 3～5 days and get final product, seedling quality is high, and resistance is stronger; Do not have disease generations such as upright withered, that green grass or young crops is withered seedling stage, rice shoot is short strong, false stem broadening 0.12cm; Blade is roomy, and color and luster is bright green, can reach the standard in strong sprout fully.Matrix rice shoot well developed root system, when rice shoot reached 3.5 left and right sides leaf ages, root system can coil the root felt of forming consolidation, gets Miao Shike and directly rolls rice shoot.
During cold ground drought is educated strong sprout standard: seedling leaf 3.1～3.5 leaves, 35 days length of time rice seedlings grow, acrial part 3,3,1,1,8; Stem is long 3 millimeters promptly; In high 3 centimetres of first leaf sheath, about 1 centimetre of the 1st leaf auricle and the 2nd leaf auricle spacing, about 1 centimetre of the 2nd leaf auricle and the 3rd leaf auricle spacing; Long about 8 centimetres of the 3rd leaf leaf, about 13 centimetres of plant heights; Under ground portion 1,5,8,9, promptly seminal root is 1,5 of sheath leaf segment roots, not exclusively the leaf segment root is 8, and 9 breakthroughs of the first leaf segment root are waited to send out; More than hundred strain overground part dry weights, 3 grams, fibrous root is many, the root hair is many, the tip of a root is many.
The seedling cultivation of rice matrix of control group is used for rice district, cold ground, paddy rice exist emerge early stage slow, emerge uneven, need to water every day, seedling growth middle and later periods damping off seriously and the rice shoot later stage problem of obviously taking off fertilizer.
Claims (5)
1. a paddy rice in cold region seedling medium is characterized in that the paddy rice in cold region seedling medium is to be processed by 30～60 parts of lignocellulosic materials, 10～30 parts of flyash, 10～20 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses, 10～20 parts of vermiculites and 10～20 parts of perlites by mass fraction; Wherein said lignocellulosic material is edible fungi residue or powder of straw.
2. a kind of paddy rice in cold region seedling medium according to claim 1 is characterized in that the paddy rice in cold region seedling medium is to be processed by the stalk after 40～60 parts of pulverizing, 10～20 parts of flyash, 10～15 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses, 10～15 parts of vermiculites and 10～15 parts of perlites by mass fraction.
3. a kind of paddy rice in cold region seedling medium according to claim 1 is characterized in that the paddy rice in cold region seedling medium is to be processed by 40～60 parts of edible fungi residues, 10～20 parts of flyash, 10～15 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses, 10～15 parts of vermiculites and 10～15 parts of perlites by mass fraction.
4. a kind of paddy rice in cold region seedling medium according to claim 1 is characterized in that the paddy rice in cold region seedling medium is to be processed by 60 parts of edible fungi residues, 10 parts of flyash, 10 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses, 10 parts of vermiculites and 10 parts of perlites by mass fraction.
5. a kind of paddy rice in cold region seedling medium according to claim 1 is characterized in that the paddy rice in cold region seedling medium is to be processed by the stalk after 60 parts of pulverizing, 10 parts of flyash, 10 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses, 10 parts of vermiculites and 10 parts of perlites by mass fraction.
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