CN107896880A - A kind of paddy rice in cold region standardizes dry rice seedling method - Google Patents
A kind of paddy rice in cold region standardizes dry rice seedling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107896880A CN107896880A CN201711282319.8A CN201711282319A CN107896880A CN 107896880 A CN107896880 A CN 107896880A CN 201711282319 A CN201711282319 A CN 201711282319A CN 107896880 A CN107896880 A CN 107896880A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/20—Forcing-frames; Lights, i.e. glass panels covering the forcing-frames
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/246—Air-conditioning systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of paddy rice in cold region to standardize dry rice seedling method, including:Suitable kind is selected, is prepared before sowing, is established standard seedling culture shed, put bed requirement and put down, directly, in fact;Sowing;Young plants management, be divided into development period management, the first complete elongate leaf period management, age at weaning management and transplanting before 3.1~3.5 leaf period management of rice shoot.The advantage of the invention is that:By optimized varieties, broadcast preceding preparation, seeding process, young plants management specification, make peasant evidence-based to seedling-cultivation technique, at the same time, define the standard of strong sprout, paddy drought seedling is set to have a target, rice seedling has reached full stand, robust seedling and the even standard of seedling, is the important foundation of high yielding culture of rice, economic benefit and ecological benefits are notable, are one of the effective measures that paddy rice in cold region cultivation is striven for high yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, more particularly to a kind of paddy rice in cold region standardization dry rice seedling method.
Background technology
Northern China is long-day extremely frigid zones, and breeding time is short, effective accumulated temperature is low;Spring heating is slow, and Summer High-Temperature Times are short,
Autumn cooling is fast, and chilling injury is frequently the primary factor for restricting rice growth and high and stable yields;It is north to heat, promote precocity
The eternal theme of Fang Hanqu rice croppings.
After northern China introduces rice, since northern breeding time is short, directly sow that rice yield is low, poor quality, to the north of
Square rice is cultivated using two-part, and first segment be the greenhouse seedling phase, is one heart stage of three leaves when rice shoot was by the growth of 35~40 days
When, Honda rice transplanting is carried out, is cultivated into second stage.For northern area raising rice seedlings at the beginning of annual 4 months, temperature on average is 5 DEG C,
Generally by the end of March when detaining canopy, average -5 DEG C of temperature, rice seedling growth needs 16~30 DEG C, and seedling culture shed temperature is low, rice seedling
Growth is slow, and disease easily occurs, and therefore, how to keep and improve temperature and soil temperature in raising rice seedlings canopy, especially rice
The canopy temperature of seedling early period, is to determine that seedling cultivation of rice is successfully crucial.
Paddy rice in cold region dry rice seedling technology was introduced into the history for promoting and applying and having had more than 30 years since 1984, although water
Rice production has new development every year, but it is a distinct issues all the time that drought, which educates strong seedling,.Some peasant households are not due to slapping really
Dry rice seedling technology is held, there is different degrees of vertical withered, bacterial wilt every year, and really is able to bring out the peasant household of strong seedling not
It is more.Agricultural experts summarise problem present in paddy rice in cold region production with four words, and exactly " drought is educated not non-irrigated, and thin planting is not dilute, rice shoot
Do not strengthen, transplanting is too deep ".It as the saying goes:" the good half a year grain of seedling ", " good seedling 1 year ", for the Rice Production of cold ground rice workspace,
Since breeding time is relatively short, cultivates strong seedling and be just particularly important.How strong seedling is cultivated, it is necessary to the technology rule of a standardization
Journey.
The content of the invention
The defects of present invention is directed to the prior art, there is provided a kind of paddy rice in cold region standardizes dry rice seedling method, can be effective
Solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.
In order to realize above goal of the invention, the technical solution that the present invention takes is as follows:
A kind of paddy rice in cold region standardizes dry rice seedling method, including following method:
Step 1:Select suitable kind:To plant snow change dividing regions as foundation, suitable local plantation is selected, to improve
With kind of a quality;Select high quality seed.
Step 2:Prepare before sowing:20 days button canopy films, establish standard seedling culture shed, are kept the temperature using seedling culture shed before seeding and growing seedling
Heating technology;Bed requirement is put to put down, directly, in fact;3~5 days balances before sowing, the built-in soil of disk, watering moisten soil conservation, put bed 15
Without dry ground in~20 cm layer of soil.
Step 3:Sowing:Sowed when ground temperature is stablized by 5 DEG C, the amount of broadcasting standard is percentage of seedgermination 90%, and every 100 is flat
Square centimetre is sowed 250~275;Mechanization sowing is carried out with precision drill;Seed is pressed into soil with pressure kind roller, seed
It is pressed onto three faces and soil;Then overburden soil.
Step 4:Young plants management:Rice shoot management is divided into four critical periods,
First period was the seminal root puberty:Emphases of supervision is temperature control, it is desirable to which bed temperature is no more than 32 DEG C.
Second period was the first complete elongate leaf phase:Emphases of supervision is that overground part controls the first leaf sheath to be highly no more than 3 lis
Rice, underground part are inspired with the first leaf with 5 crown roots of sheath leaf segment stretched.Bed temperature controls the experienced seedling that to divulge information in time at 22~25 DEG C, does
To early ventilation, early white silk seedling, practice seedling.
3rd period was age at weaning.Emphases of supervision is that underground part inspires incomplete 8 root system robust growths of leaf segment, overground part
Each 1 centimetre of the auricle spacing of the first leaf and the second leaf, the second leaf and the 3rd leaf is controlled, prevents cauline leaf excessive growth;And control temperature
And moisture, bed temperature are controlled between 20~22 DEG C, this phase will divulge information experienced seedling, when humidity is big in canopy rainy day also to divulge information experienced seedling,
In the 2.5 leaf phases of rice shoot, canopy temperature is no more than 25 DEG C.
4th period, 3.1~3.5 leaf phase of rice shoot before transplanting, this phase want stronger ventilation, can when nocturnal temperature is more than 10 DEG C
To divulge information round the clock.Rice shoot " three bands " is carried out before transplanting, i.e., one band is fertile (every square metre of 125 grams of Diammonium phosphate (DAP)), two band medicines, with 70%
Amy is found pleasure in, every 100 square metres 4-6 grams, is watered 6-7 kilograms of spraying treatment, prevents Liriomyza, three band yield increasing funguses etc., strong sprout promotees tiller;
Step 5:Drought educates middle robust seedling seedling quantitative criteria:3.1~3.5 leaf of seedling leaf, 30~35 days length of time rice seedlings grow, aerial part need
Ensure:Middle 3 millimeters of stem length, the first leaf sheath is 3 centimetres high, the 1st leaf auricle and the 2nd 0.9~1.1 centimetre of leaf auricle spacing, the 2nd leaf leaf
Ear and the 3rd 0.9~1.1 centimetre of leaf auricle spacing, the 3rd leaf leaf grow 7.5~8.5 centimetres, 12.0~14.0 centimetres of plant height;Underground part
Dividing needs to ensure:Seminal root 1, first sheathing leaf root section 5, incomplete leaf root section 8, the first protrusion of leaf segment root 9 are pending;Hundred plants of grounds
More than 3 grams of portion's dry weight.
Preferably, the high quality seed of the step 1 need to meet purity, cleanliness more than 99%, germination percentage more than 90%, water
Point less than 14.5%, except awns rate more than 98%, scab rate below 1%, blue or green grain rate below 0.5%, brown rice is below 0.5%.
Preferably, the quasi- seedling culture shed specification of the step 2 is length × width × height=60m × 6m × 3m, the built-in soil of disk is thick
2 centimetres of degree.
Preferably, it is 0.5-0.7 centimetres that the step 3 overburden soil standard, which is thickness,.
Preferably, if the step 4 first period bed temperature more than 32 DEG C, need to open greenhouse two and start to divulge information, under
Ventilating opening is closed during noon 4~5.
Compared with prior art the advantage of the invention is that:By optimized varieties, broadcast preceding preparation, seeding process, rice seedling bed pipe
The specification of reason, makes peasant evidence-based to seedling-cultivation technique, while, it is specified that the standard of strong sprout, makes paddy drought seedling have target,
Rice seedling has reached full stand, robust seedling and the even standard of seedling, is the important foundation of high yielding culture of rice, economic benefit and Ecological Effect
It is beneficial notable, it is one of effective measures that paddy rice in cold region cultivation is striven for high yield.
Embodiment
For the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are more clearly understood, following embodiments, are the present invention into one
Step describes in detail.
A kind of paddy rice in cold region standardizes dry rice seedling method, including following method:
Step 1:Select suitable kind:To plant snow change dividing regions as foundation, suitable local plantation is selected, to improve
With kind of a quality;Select purity, cleanliness more than 99%, germination percentage more than 90%, moisture below 14.5%, except awns rate more than 98%,
Scab rate below 1%, blue or green grain rate are below 0.5%, high quality seed of the brown rice below 0.5%.
Step 2:Prepare before sowing:Before seeding and growing seedling 20 days button canopy film, standard seedling culture shed specification for length × width × height=
60m × 6m × 3m, heating technology is kept the temperature using seedling culture shed;Bed requirement is put to put down, directly, in fact;3~5 days balances before sowing, the built-in soil of disk
2 centimetres of thickness, watering moisten soil conservation, put in 15~20 cm layer of soil of bed without dry ground.
Step 3:Sowing:Sowed when ground temperature is stablized by 5 DEG C, the amount of broadcasting standard is percentage of seedgermination 90%, and every 100 is flat
Square centimetre is sowed 250~275;Mechanization sowing is carried out with precision drill;Seed is pressed into soil with pressure kind roller, seed
It is pressed onto three faces and soil;Earthing standard is no more than 1 centimetre for 0.5-0.7 centimetres for thickness.
Step 4:Young plants management:Rice shoot manages four critical periods, and first is the seminal root puberty.From being seeded into the first leaf
Dew point, about needs 7~9 day time, this phase is to cultivate based on seminal root, it is desirable to which thick, the long length of root system length, fibrous root is more, root hair is more.
Emphases of supervision is temperature control, it is desirable to which bed temperature is no more than 32 DEG C, and greenhouse two is opened during more than this temperature and starts to divulge information, during afternoon 4~5
Close ventilating opening.Second was the first complete elongate leaf phase.From emergence to the first complete leaf, expansion needs 5~7 day time, management weight altogether
Point is that overground part controls the first leaf sheath to be highly no more than 3 centimetres, and underground part is inspired with the first leaf with 5 crown roots of sheath leaf segment stretched.
Bed temperature is controlled at 22~25 DEG C, and not more than 28 DEG C, divulge information experienced seedling in time, is accomplished early ventilation, early white silk seedling, is practiced seedling.The
Third, age at weaning.It is unfolded from the second leaf dew point to the 3rd leaf, about needs 10~14 day time, it is endless that emphases of supervision is that underground part inspires
8 root system robust growths of full leaf section, overground part control the auricle spacing each 1 of the first leaf and the second leaf, the second leaf and the 3rd leaf
Centimetre, prevent cauline leaf excessive growth.Emphasis is control temperature and moisture, and bed temperature is controlled between 20~22 DEG C, not more than 25 DEG C,
This phase will divulge information greatly experienced seedling, when humidity is big in canopy rainy day also to divulge information experienced seedling.In the 2.5 leaf phases of rice shoot, canopy temperature is no more than 25
DEG C, i.e. " double two or five " standards.4th before transplanting 3.1~3.5 leaf phase of rice shoot, this phase to divulge information greatly, nocturnal temperature be more than 10 DEG C
When, it can divulge information round the clock.Rice shoot " three bands " is carried out before transplanting, i.e., one band is fertile (every square metre of 125 grams of Diammonium phosphate (DAP)), two band medicines,
Found pleasure in 70% Amy, every 100 square metres 4-6 grams, be watered 6-7 kilograms of spraying treatment, prevented Liriomyza, three band yield increasing funguses etc., strengthen
Seedling promotees tiller;
Step 5:Drought educates middle robust seedling seedling quantitative criteria:3.1~3.5 leaf of seedling leaf, 30~35 days length of time rice seedlings grow, aerial part 3,
3rd, 1,1,8, i.e.,:Within middle 3 millimeters of stem length, within high 3 centimetres of the first leaf sheath, the 1st leaf auricle and the 2nd 1 centimetre of leaf auricle spacing
1 centimetre or so of left and right, the 2nd leaf auricle and the 3rd leaf auricle spacing, the 3rd leaf leaf grow 8 centimetres or so, 13 centimetres or so of plant height;Underground
Part 1,5,8,9, i.e.,:Seminal root 1, first sheathing leaf root section 5, incomplete leaf root section 8, the first protrusion of leaf segment root 9 are pending;Hundred
More than 3 grams of strain overground part dry weight, it is desirable to which Bai Genduo, fibrous root are more, root hair is more, the tip of a root is more.
Experiment in 2016~2017 years is completed in Heilongjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences's rice scientific and technological park;Soil is tested as white slurry
Soil, basic fertility are:Organic matter 19.5g/kg, full nitrogen 1.089g/kg, rapid available phosphorus 12.1mg/kg, available potassium 204mg/kg, pH
7.0.Rice varieties are to cultivate rice No. 26;It is urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and potassium sulfate for examination fertilizer.
Experiment sets 2 processing, and processing 1 standardizes dry rice seedling method for a kind of paddy rice in cold region of this case;Processing 2 is conventional seedling
Method.Handling 1 embodiment is, by this case requirement set, select suitable kind, carry out sowing before preparation, broadcast in due course
Plant, carry out young plants management by standard requirement.It is that conventional method of raising seedling, is by rule of thumb managed rice seedling bed to handle 2 embodiments.
Result of the test:
Test each processing Seedling Quality in Rice examination data
Test and seedling quality is examined before rice transplanting, northern cold area raising rice seedlings canopy insulation method for increasing temperature of the invention
Positive effect, relatively control seeding stage shift to an earlier date 1 day, and seedling color is dark green, leaf age, plant height, root bar number, root long, leaf length, ground dry weight and ground
Lower dry weight is all higher than control (table 1).
Table 1 tests each processing rice seedling tree characteristics examination data
Each processing is tested in rice primary growth stage field plant property determination data
Tillering stage examines rice plant character, and 1 paddy growth of processing is better than processing 2, handles stem tiller number, the strain of 1 rice
Dry weight is all higher than 2 (tables 2) of processing up and down for height, the number of blade, leaf area and ground.
Table 2 rice plant of tillering stage tree characteristics
Each processing is tested in rice primary growth stage plant dry substance accumulation total amount determination data
Nutrient accumulation measurement result shows, tillering stage each nutrient accumulation total amount difference unobvious between processing, but by young fringe
Break up heading stage, 1 nutrient accumulation total amount of processing is above processing 2 (table 3).
Influence (the unit that 3 rice seedling-growth soil regulator of table accumulates rice dry matter:G/ plants)
Test influence of each processing to Rice Yield Structure and yield
By two processing, in two rice ponds, rice yield is measured by sampling in when autumn rice harves for rice transplantings respectively.Rice
During harvest, each 30 plants of trial zone continuous sampling carries out yield traits investigation, and a kind of paddy rice in cold region of the invention standardization drought is educated
Seedling method can increase square metre spike number, grain number per spike, mass of 1000 kernel and the grain weight per panicle of rice;It is random in each processing of trial zone
To choose at 3 points, often click 20 square metres, rice harves is surveyed and is produced, yield result shows, since Seedling Quality in Rice is good, rice transplanting
Anti- blue or green fast afterwards, rice yield is improved than control, and a kind of paddy rice in cold region of the invention standardization dry rice seedling method is put down than conventional method
Increase production 3.15%, put down and receive 297 kilograms/hectare, calculated by 2.83 yuan/kilogram of rice price, averagely increase income 840 yuan/hectare (tables
4)。
Table 4 tests influence of each processing to Rice Yield Structure
Note:Each processing Production rate result moisture has deducted.Survey 20 square metres of plot area of production
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the embodiments described herein, which is to help reader, understands this hair
Bright implementation, it should be understood that protection scope of the present invention is not limited to such special statement and embodiment.Ability
The those of ordinary skill in domain can according to the present invention these disclosed technical inspirations make it is various do not depart from essence of the invention its
Its various specific deformations and combination, these deformations and combination are still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of paddy rice in cold region standardizes dry rice seedling method, it is characterised in that including following method:
Step 1:Select suitable kind:To plant snow change dividing regions as foundation, suitable local plantation is selected, with raising kind
Quality;Select high quality seed;
Step 2:Prepare before sowing:20 days button canopy films, establish standard seedling culture shed before seeding and growing seedling, are heated using seedling culture shed insulation
Technology;Bed requirement is put to put down, directly, in fact;3~5 days balances before sowing, the built-in soil of disk, watering moisten soil conservation, put bed 15~20
Without dry ground in cm layer of soil;
Step 3:Sowing:Sowed when ground temperature is stablized by 5 DEG C, the amount of broadcasting standard is percentage of seedgermination 90%, every 100 squares lis
Rice sowing 250~275;Mechanization sowing is carried out with precision drill;With pressure kind roller by seed press-in soil, seed is pressed onto
Three faces soil, then overburden soil;
Step 4:Young plants management:Rice shoot management is divided into four critical periods;
First period was the seminal root puberty:Emphases of supervision is temperature control, it is desirable to which bed temperature is no more than 32 DEG C;
Second period was the first complete elongate leaf phase:Emphases of supervision is that overground part controls the first leaf sheath to be highly no more than 3 centimetres, ground
Lower part is inspired controls the experienced seedling that to divulge information in time at 22~25 DEG C with the first leaf with 5 crown roots of sheath leaf segment stretched, bed temperature, accomplishes early logical
Wind, early white silk seedling, practice seedling;
3rd period was age at weaning:Emphases of supervision is that underground part inspires incomplete 8 root system robust growths of leaf segment, overground part control
Each 1 centimetre of the auricle spacing of first leaf and the second leaf, the second leaf and the 3rd leaf, prevents cauline leaf excessive growth;And control temperature and water
Point, bed temperature is controlled between 20~22 DEG C, this phase will divulge information experienced seedling, when humidity is big in canopy rainy day also to divulge information experienced seedling, in seedling
2.5 leaf phases of seedling, canopy temperature are no more than 25 DEG C;
4th period, 3.1~3.5 leaf phase of rice shoot before transplanting, this phase want stronger ventilation, can be with daytime when nocturnal temperature is more than 10 DEG C
Night divulges information;Rice shoot " three bands " is carried out before transplanting, i.e., one band is fertile (every square metre of 125 grams of Diammonium phosphate (DAP)), two band medicines, with 70% Amy
It is happy, every 100 square metres 4-6 grams, 6-7 kilograms of spraying treatment is watered, prevents Liriomyza, three band yield increasing funguses etc., strong sprout promotees tiller;
Step 5:Drought educates middle robust seedling seedling quantitative criteria:3.1~3.5 leaf of seedling leaf, at 30~35 days length of time rice seedlings grow, aerial part needs to protect
Card:Middle 3 millimeters of stem length, the first leaf sheath is 3 centimetres high, the 1st leaf auricle and the 2nd 0.9~1.1 centimetre of leaf auricle spacing, the 2nd leaf auricle
With the 3rd 0.9~1.1 centimetre of leaf auricle spacing, the 3rd leaf leaf grows 7.5~8.5 centimetres, 12.0~14.0 centimetres of plant height;Under ground portion
Need to ensure:Seminal root 1, first sheathing leaf root section 5, incomplete leaf root section 8, the first protrusion of leaf segment root 9 are pending;Hundred plants of overground parts
More than 3 grams of dry weight.
A kind of 2. paddy rice in cold region standardization dry rice seedling method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step 1
High quality seed need to meet purity, cleanliness more than 99%, germination percentage more than 90%, moisture below 14.5%, except awns rate more than 98%,
Scab rate below 1%, blue or green grain rate are below 0.5%, brown rice is below 0.5%.
A kind of 3. paddy rice in cold region standardization dry rice seedling method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step 2
Quasi- seedling culture shed specification is length × width × height=60m × 6m × 3m, 2 centimetres of the built-in soil thickness of disk.
A kind of 4. paddy rice in cold region standardization dry rice seedling method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step 3 is covered
Blinding standard is that thickness is 0.5-0.7 centimetres.
A kind of 5. paddy rice in cold region standardization dry rice seedling method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step 4
If a period bed temperature more than 32 DEG C, need to open greenhouse two and start to divulge information, whens afternoon 4~5, closes ventilating opening.
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CN114467663A (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-05-13 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | Production method of high-quality rice of rice in cold region |
CN114982587A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-09-02 | 勐海曼香云天农业发展有限公司 | Seedling raising substrate for improving quality and yield of fragrant rice, preparation method thereof and seedling raising method |
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CN102771356A (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2012-11-14 | 河海大学 | Efficient water-saving cultivation method for rice in cold areas |
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CN114467663A (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-05-13 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | Production method of high-quality rice of rice in cold region |
CN114982587A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-09-02 | 勐海曼香云天农业发展有限公司 | Seedling raising substrate for improving quality and yield of fragrant rice, preparation method thereof and seedling raising method |
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