CN106386469A - Resistance breeding method of zea mays - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a resistance breeding method of zea mays. According to the method, through carrying out treatment in earlier, intermediate and later stages of germination hastening of zea mays seeds, the respiratory rate and root activity of young seedlings are improved, and the resistance of the seeds and the young seedlings is detected; through supplementing a nutrient solution and a foliar fertilizer in good time, the nutrient absorbing power of crops in adverse environments is detected; a density-resistant breeding material is screened through high-density long-term seedling raising, the growth of zea mays plants is accelerated through temperature regulation in seedling raising management, and the drought resistance and fertilizer tolerance of the zea mays plants are detected through moisture regulation and fertilizer concentration increase/decrease, so that the breeding material with salt and alkali resistance, dim light resistance, disease resistance and drought resistance is obtained; the zea mays material with high resistance is selected for cross breeding, so that the yield is increased, and the improvement on the resistance of zea mays varieties is achieved.

Description

A kind of resistance breeding method of corn

Technical field

The invention belongs to corn variety Cultivating techniques field, especially relate to a kind of resistance breeding method of corn.

Background technology

Corn (Zea mays L.), scientific name maize, is important cereal crops, is also important feed and industry is former Material, plays vital effect in national economy and the people's livelihood and economic construction.Corn planting is with a long history, is human agriculture's development history On a kind of important crops, corn China plantation history also have 470 years as long as.At present, the sowing face of China's corn Amass at 500,000,000 mu about, be only second to paddy rice and wheat, be also the important component part of people's staple food.The realistic situation of China is to use Bring up the Chinese sons and daughters exceeding world's everybody's mouth 20% less than the arable land of world's total area under cultivation 7%, this Tough questions Solution too busy to get away crossbreeding science and technology is updated with planting patterns.From the beginning of Yuan Longping research first generation hybrid rice, in State opens crossbreeding Technology Times.And for the crop plants corn as Chinese cultivated area the 3rd, through agricultural generation upon generation of The effort of people, corn hybridizating variety is constantly updated, and hybridization technique is also being updated, and is that China provides abundant grain storage Standby.Although selective corn variety is various currently on the market, and yield is also more considerable, also has some problems to deposit As poor in maize seed yielding stability, yield is easily affected by season environment；The drought resisting of maize seed, resistance against diseases have Wait to improve；Maize seed is poor for the adaptability on relatively poor soil ground, and yield is easily affected.

Ignore the improvement to resistance in the past, select a large amount of cenospecies, the classic kind of those in which, substantially It is to improve the productivity gain under adverse circumstance by improving resistance, especially disease resistance.Need now to innovate breeding for stress tolerance skill Art measure, to improve yield and productivity gain.The exploitation of horn of plenty different regions corn variety, adapts to becoming more meticulous of the future of agriculture Cultivate administration and Virtual production, meet different regions Different climate different industries needs, and the diversity of resistance also complies with state The production of interior different regions needs；Effectively natural resistance gene is had no lack of, using different breeding techniques in corn material Means screening can obtain the corn material with excellent resistance, increases the affinity degree to environment, reduces the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, real The good circulation of now fat-reducing synergy；From produce for, constantly raising yield will become more and more difficult it is also difficult to carry comprehensively The actual production of high Maize Production and benefit.Reason is that we ignore and carry under high density and other adverse environmental factors High economic flow rate.Need the hybrid vigour under the high yield under adverse circumstance, adverse circumstance from now on, and need to improve physiologic index under adverse circumstance.This Yield studied by sample, and hybrid vigour and physiologic index just have Breeding value and produce meaning.

Content of the invention

For solving the above problems, the invention provides a kind of corn resistance breeding method, gained plant has excellent Degeneration-resistant High planting, disease resistance and drought-enduring resistance to low fertilizer, can shorten the corn breeding cycle, realize scientific research breeding low threshold and enter Enter, promote Crop structure transition, corn variety resource of enriching constantly.

For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is：

1. a kind of resistance breeding method of corn, comprises the steps：Seed collection and packet transaction；Seed soaking；Vernalization With refining bud；Nursery and hardening；Seedlings control and transplant；Field management and results, the seed of gained carries out corn breeding；

2. formulate first round Testers, select the current best corn variety producing and promoting in suitable corn producing region；To receive The kind of collection carries out selfing, carries out the continuous selfing of field test；Find first round Testers；

3. sow, after prior to seeding seed being shone 2-3 days, select the seed of full seed, the seed of select is put into container In, 2-3 hour of soaking seed, dry；Then seed soaking 6-8 hour, dries；Seed soaking 8-10 hour, dries；Seed soaking 2-3 hour；Vernalization； Seed-soaking liquid is followed successively by 200,400,600, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 800ppm；

4. vernalization and refining bud, above-mentioned soaked corn seed are bound up with gauze, squeeze and remove part moisture, put in refrigerator in 0- 5 DEG C of refrigeration 6-8 hours, go out to put into take in 40-45 DEG C of warm water immersion 4-5 hour, pull out, place in refrigerator, so 2-3 repeatedly Secondary, 24 hours corn seeds are just " torsion mouth ".Alternating temperature temperature to strictly be controlled in pregermination procedure, the seed having urged bud is spread out into thin Layer is placed on the place in cool place so as to the slow elongation of radical bud is it is ensured that the seed that has 60-70% can normally germinate for optimal；

5. nursery and hardening, according to the sowing of conventional seedbed system method, using the seedbed nursery of 25-30 hole tray, monoseeding；Early stage normal temperature High humidity promotees seedling, accelerates growth and increases difference；During 3-5 leaf, high fertile promotees seedling, and drying and watering cycle is processed；During 5-7 leaf, corn enters jointing Phase：Plant tassel extends, and stipes total length reaches 2-3cm, leaf age index 30 about, carries out no fertile half drought restraining the growth of seedlings, at drying and watering cycle Reason hardening, keeps night high humidity, and daytime, moderate was withered here state, inspection disease and recovery ability；

6. seedlings control and transplant, and enter the corn toy trumpet mouth phase after transplanting：Female fringe enters the elongation phase, and tassel enters floret differentiation Phase, leaf age index 46 about.Field management and results, the seed of gained carries out corn breeding；Classification and stage is transplanted, by 13- The spacing in the rows of 15cm, the line-spacing of 60cm, carry out high-density planting management, using rush way to manage on earth, increase rich water pipe Reason, many nitrogen fertilizer applications, reduce grown-ups and children Miao Xianxiang.

Specific embodiment

The present invention is further described：

A kind of resistance breeding method embodiment 1 of corn, comprises the steps：Seed collection and packet transaction；At seed soaking Reason；Vernalization and refining bud；Nursery and hardening；Seedlings control and transplant；Field management and results, the seed of gained carries out corn breeding Management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.First, plant with selecting：Milpa is good with irrigation and drainage convenience, water quality；It is easy to manage, between pH6.5-7, fertile The medium above loam of power or sandy loam are advisable；2nd, basal dressing in site preparation before planting：After selection of land, to reach that Horizon, soil is thin, moisture in the soil foot, Fertile high site preparation quality requires；Cultivated site preparation 4000-5000 kilogram of application of organic fertilizers simultaneously, allows fertilizer to infiltrate in soil；3rd, select seed Full corn seed；4th, Seed Treatment：Bask seeds before sowing 3-4 hour, typically divided with 50-55 DEG C of water seed soaking 10-15 Clock, cleans up；5th, seed seedling-raising：Corn nursery is carried out using hole plate seedling growth technology, adopts（Water, fertilizer, temperature）Alternating temperature gets wet Management；7-10 days hardenings before field planting.Nursery 30-35 days, more than 7 true leaves of maize seedling, plant height 15-20cm, the thick 0.5- of stem 0.7cm, can choose no disease and pests harm seedling and carry out transfer；6th, planting density must be from kind, date of seeding, soil fertility, and cultivation condition etc. is many The factor of kind considers, dense planting, and general mu plants 6000-8000 strain；7th, the management in growth period：Corn growing season is take root foliation and stem Save the growth period that leaf is grown up with result, the main goal of attack of growing season management is：Promote root system development, nurturing staff, strong bar, be The fertility of fringe grain phase is laid a solid foundation；8th, the florescence carries out bagging selfing, timely collecting.

General corn embodiment 2, sowing date：Summer 16-June 20 June is live；Summer corn adopts wide-narrow row planting to advise Lattice are, wide row 88-100 centimetre, narrow row 60-80 centimetre.Dense planting, general mu plants 5000-6000 strain；The management in growth period：Corn Growth period be take root foliation and stipes leaf grow up and result growth period, the main goal of attack of growing season management is：Promote root system Develop, nurturing staff, strong bar, the fertility for the fringe grain phase are laid a solid foundation；Florescence carries out bagging selfing, timely collecting.

Due to the utilization of technique scheme, the embodiment of the present invention 1 has following excellent compared with prior embodiment 2 Point：This method, the establishment of corn breeding method of the present invention, belong to plant variety breeding technique field.This technology is by corn breeding Test is combined with the detection of corn nursery resistance, by detecting the height of corn variety and breeding material seedling stage stress resistance, seeks Look for the material of good stress resistance, as Testers combination, select the individual plant of good stress resistance in advance in seedling stage.Select several in each group Optimal material, that is, select the breeding material application preferably with high degeneration-resistant potentiality, carry out field planting, enter the next one and follow Ring.This invention main application is exactly to shorten the time of corn breeding, and kind promoted mainly by the preferable corn selecting local urgent need early.

Above-described embodiment only technology design to illustrate the invention and feature, its object is to allow person skilled in the art Scholar will appreciate that present disclosure and is carried out, and can not be limited the scope of the invention with this, all according to the present invention Equivalence changes or modification that Spirit Essence is made, all should cover in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of resistance breeding method of corn is it is characterised in that comprise the steps：

Seed collection and packet transaction；Seed soaking；Vernalization and refining bud；Nursery and hardening；Seedlings control and transplant；Field management And harvest, the seed of gained carries out corn breeding.

2. resistance breeding method according to claim 1, its feature comprises the following steps：Initiative first round Testers, Carry out continuous selfing in suitable corn producing region selection corn variety, carry out field test, find first round Testers.

3., after resistance breeding method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that shine seed 2-3 days prior to seeding, choose Select the seed of full seed, the seed of select is put in container, 2-3 hour of soaking seed, dry；（Hard silty）Then soak seed 6-8 hour, airing；Seed soaking 8-10 hour, airing；Seed soaking 2-3 hour；Seed-soaking liquid is followed successively by 200,400,600, the phosphorus of 800ppm Acid dihydride potassium solution.

4. resistance breeding method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that vernalization with refining bud；Will be above-mentioned soaked Corn seed binds up with gauze, and squeezes and removes part moisture, puts in refrigerator and refrigerates 6-8 hour at 0-5 DEG C, goes out to put into and take 40-45 DEG C Soak 4-5 hour in warm water, pull out, place in refrigerator, so repeatedly 2-3 time, pregermination procedure will strictly control alternating temperature Temperature, spreads out straticulation the seed having urged bud and is placed on the place in cool place so as to radical bud slowly extends it is ensured that there being the seed of 60-70% Can normally germinate for optimal.

5. resistance breeding method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that nursery and hardening；According to conventional seedbed system side Method is sowed, and gets wet nursery, monoseeding using 25-30 hole tray alternating temperature；Early stage normal temperature high humidity promotees seedling, accelerates growth and increases difference, During 3-5 leaf, high fertile promotees seedling, and drying and watering cycle is processed；During 5-7 leaf, no fertile semiarid restraining the growth of seedlings；Drying and watering cycle processes hardening, protects Hold night high humidity, daytime, moderate was withered here state.

6. resistance breeding method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that after maize seedling 7 leaf, seedling gesture controls and moves Plant；Field management and results, the seed of gained carries out corn breeding；Maize seedling Classification and stage transplant, by the spacing in the rows of 13-15cm, The line-spacing of 60cm, carries out high density high fertile hydroponics management；Harvest, species test in good time；Select the corn material of strong stress resistance, enter Row crossbreeding, realizes the raising of corn variety resistance.