CN110178690B

CN110178690B - Application of carbon nano sol in strawberry cultivation, strawberry seedling cultivation medium, matrix and strawberry seedling cultivation method

Info

Publication number: CN110178690B
Application number: CN201910504731.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 韩志全; 董炳建; 刘晓松
Original assignee: Guizhou Jinpanshui Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Dalian gubaiyang Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2019-06-12
Filing date: 2019-06-12
Publication date: 2021-11-05
Anticipated expiration: 2039-06-12
Also published as: CN110178690A

Abstract

The invention provides an application of carbon nano sol in strawberry cultivation, a culture medium and a substrate for strawberry seedling cultivation and a method for strawberry seedling cultivation, belonging to the technical field of strawberry cultivation, wherein the culture medium for strawberry seedling cultivation comprises nano carbon sol solution with the volume fraction of 3% -5%; the strawberry seedling cultivation matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-50 parts of rice hulls, 35-40 parts of vinegar residues, 5-15 parts of grass carbon, 1-3 parts of fermented sesame oil residues, 0.2-0.3 part of organic fertilizer and 3-5 parts of nanocarbon sol solution. The method comprises the following steps: 1) collecting young plants from healthy strawberry stock plants, planting the young plants in the strawberry seedling culture medium, and culturing to obtain strawberry seedlings; 2) transplanting the strawberry seedlings into the strawberry seedling culture medium to culture 6-7 leaves, transplanting the strawberry seedlings into a propagation nursery garden to culture and divide the strawberry seedlings into plants. The strawberry seedling culture medium and the strawberry seedling culture medium can activate various enzyme activities for strawberry growth, and enhance the growth speed and quality of strawberries.

Description

Application of carbon nano sol in strawberry cultivation, strawberry seedling cultivation medium, matrix and strawberry seedling cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of strawberry cultivation, and particularly relates to application of carbon nano sol in strawberry cultivation, a culture medium and a matrix for strawberry seedling cultivation, and a method for strawberry seedling cultivation.

Background

In the traditional seedling raising method, seeding is carried out in a seedbed, seedlings are separated in a nutrition pot after growing to a proper size, and some farmers also cut furrows and separate seedlings or separate seedlings in seedling lumps. The method has the advantages that the nutrition area of the seedlings is large, the stress resistance of the bred seedlings is strong, the seedling age can be properly prolonged, the solanaceous fruits can be planted even with large buds, the traditional open field or protected field early maturing cultivation is facilitated, the seeds are saved, the required seedbed area is small, the management is easy, particularly, in early spring sowing, the environmental temperature in the early stage of seedling cultivation is low, the local microenvironment is controlled, and the cost and the working hour are saved. However, the seedling raising method has obvious defects that firstly, the seedling raising method wastes time, labor and materials, secondly, the seedling age is long, thirdly, the seedling raising space is wasted, and fourthly, the management is inconvenient and the mobility is poor.

The modern plug seedling technology saves labor, time and materials, occupies small space, can arrange seedling trays in a multi-layer three-dimensional manner, fully utilizes precious greenhouse area, is convenient to manage, has short seedling age period and obviously reduces the seedling raising cost. But the disadvantages of time and labor consuming for sowing, large sowing field requirement, inconvenient sowing without a special sowing machine during small-scale production of farmers, difficult control of sowing depth and irregular seedlings, and the like, and the seedlings need to be multicast in each hole, and thinning is obtained after emergence of seedlings, and the temperature and humidity of all hole trays need to be kept at proper levels after sowing, thus the cost is higher. When a large number of varieties or test materials are sowed in scientific research breeding and demonstration gardens, due to the fact that seeds are miscellaneous in source, multiple in variety, different in seed collecting age, large in bud rate and bud potential difference, long in time span of emergence period, uneven in emergence of seedlings and different in seedling size of each plug tray, different in required small environment of each plug tray, large in management difficulty, and when the seedling quantity is insufficient, seedlings in each plug are difficult to guarantee, a large number of plug trays only have few seedlings, and space and management efficiency are wasted.

In the current production practice, the traditional seedling raising method and the modern plug seedling raising technology are applied, and the development prospect of the modern plug seedling raising technology is good. However, most of the current seedling raising facilities in China have imperfect conditions, and the plug seedling raising technology can not fully exert the advantages of the plug seedling raising technology in certain situations.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide an application of carbon nanosol in strawberry cultivation, a culture medium and a substrate for strawberry seedling cultivation, and a method for strawberry seedling cultivation; the nano carbon sol is added into the strawberry seedling cultivation medium and the strawberry seedling cultivation matrix, and the matrix can activate various enzyme activities for strawberry growth and enhance the growth speed and quality of strawberries.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

application of the carbon nano sol in cultivating strawberries.

The invention provides a culture medium for strawberry seedling cultivation, which comprises a nano carbon sol solution with the volume fraction of 3-5%.

Preferably, the nano carbon sol solution comprises 4% of volume fraction.

Preferably, the following components are also included:

1800-2000 mg/L of potassium nitrate, 1600-1700 mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 160-180 mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 360-380 mg/L of magnesium sulfate, 430-450 mg/L of calcium chloride, 20-24 mg/L of manganese sulfate, 8-10 mg/L of zinc sulfate, 37-39 mg/L of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 27-30 mg/L of ferrous sulfate, 90-110 mg/L of inositol, 4-6 mg/L of nicotinic acid, 33-36 mg/L of sucrose and the balance of water.

Preferably, the pH value of the strawberry seedling culture medium is 6.2-7.4.

The invention provides a strawberry seedling cultivation matrix which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-50 parts of rice hulls, 35-40 parts of vinegar residues, 5-15 parts of grass carbon, 1-3 parts of fermented sesame oil residues, 0.2-0.3 part of organic fertilizer and 3-5 parts of nanocarbon sol solution.

The invention provides a strawberry seedling cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:

1) collecting young plants from healthy strawberry stock plants, planting the young plants in the strawberry seedling culture medium, and culturing to obtain strawberry seedlings;

2) transplanting the strawberry seedlings into the strawberry seedling culture medium to culture 6-7 leaves, transplanting the strawberry seedlings into a propagation nursery garden to culture and divide the strawberry seedlings into plants.

Preferably, the seedlings in the step 1) have 2-3 leaves.

Preferably, the strawberry seedling culture medium in the step 2) is filled in a seedling culture plug.

Preferably, before transplanting, turning and preparing land for the breeding nursery, and applying base fertilizer during land preparation; the base fertilizer comprises 2000-3000 kg/mu of decomposed hurdle fertilizer and 30 kg/mu of nano-carbon synergistic fertilizer.

Preferably, the strawberry seedling cultivation environment comprises: the altitude is 1800-2200 m, the atmospheric pressure is 80.9-76.2 kPa, and the cultivation temperature is lower than 25 ℃.

The invention has the advantages of

The culture medium and the strawberry seedling substrate provided by the invention comprise the nano-carbon sol solution, and in a system comprising the nano-carbon sol solution, paramagnetic characteristics caused by a special boundary state of nano-crystalline grains can counterbalance diamagnetic track magnetic signals in common blocky graphite. Therefore, the nano carbon element can show paramagnetic property, and shows diamagnetic property at 33-36 ℃. Due to the existence of the magnetism, the activity of strawberry root system enzyme is improved, soluble sugar and soluble protein are increased, the survival rate, cold resistance, drought resistance and disease resistance are effectively improved, and the effects of increasing the yield and improving the quality are finally achieved.

Specifically, the root system of the strawberry obtains negative charges of the nano carbon element and the influence of a small molecular effect and van der waals force under the action of the nano carbon sol, so that the enzyme activity of the root system of the strawberry is greatly activated, the growth mechanism of the root system is improved, the disease and insect resistance of the strawberry is enhanced, the metabolism function of crops is improved, the water absorption and fertilizer absorption capacity are improved, the stable growth of the strawberry is ensured, and the purpose of increasing the yield of the strawberry is finally achieved.

According to the characteristics of the nano carbon, the nano carbon with the size of 5-30 nm is not conductive and is an insulator; the nano carbon becomes nano carbon sol and becomes superconductor after meeting water in the culture medium, the matrix or the soil, so that the electric potential of the culture medium, the matrix and the soil can be improved, the potential difference is increased, the free power of ions in the culture medium, the matrix and the soil is improved, the conduction of the ions is accelerated, the ion concentration in the culture medium, the matrix and the soil can be improved, and the release of effective nutrients in the culture medium, the matrix and the soil is promoted.

Method for determining outflow NH of plateau strawberry seedling root system₄ ⁺The change of ions shows that the nano carbon sol outflows NH₄ ⁺The ions are greatly reduced because the nano carbon sol enters the plant body, and because the nano carbon sol can improve the electrokinetic potential in the plant body, the synthesis and the operation of nutrient components are accelerated, and NH in the plant body₄ ⁺The ion concentration is reduced to reduce NH in the plant body₄ ⁺The concentrations did not accumulate.

By determining the absorption of NO by plateau strawberry seedling root system₃ ^-As a result, it was found that the nanocarbon sol was responsible for the anion NO in the solution₃ ^-Has stronger systemic effect, which indicates that strawberry seedlings have NO anion₃ ^-The adsorption operation of (2) is fast and not cumulative. The nano carbon sol has a special adsorption function of promoting the roots of soil anions such as nitrate radical, phosphate radical and sulfate radical, can prevent fertilizer loss, reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and promote the maturity of strawberry seedlings.

According to the records of the embodiment of the invention, the strawberries added with the nanocarbon sol solution are increased in yield compared with common reference culture media, matrixes and fertilizers. Wherein: adding 3% of nano carbon sol solution into the solution to increase the yield by 4.41-10.35%; adding 4% of nano carbon sol solution into the solution to increase the yield by 9.53-21.05%; the increase of the yield is 6.67-18.83% by adding 5% of nano carbon sol solution. Therefore, the addition of the nanocarbon sol has obvious yield increase benefits on plateau strawberry seedlings and growth.

According to the invention, the nano carbon sol is used as the culture medium, so that the hormone activity and the culture condition of the culture medium are greatly improved, the development state of the strawberries is changed and regulated according to the plateau climate condition, the development improvement rate is improved by 60% compared with that of the ordinary culture, and meanwhile, the problems of detoxification, rapid propagation, secondary metabolism and the like of plateau strawberry seedlings are well solved.

The seedling culture medium prepared by the nano-carbon sol solution greatly improves the nutrition absorption function of strawberries, and has the advantages of high seedling culture growth speed, robustness and more than 98 percent of survival rate.

The plateau strawberry seedlings cultivated by the nano-carbon sol solution have developed root systems, strong leaves, strong disease resistance, good fruit appearance and high yield, the average yield per mu exceeds 6000 jin, and the yield is increased by more than 30 percent compared with the common strawberry seedlings.

Detailed Description

The invention provides application of carbon nano sol in cultivating strawberries; the carbon nano sol is preferably added into a culture medium, a matrix and a fertilizer for strawberry culture for use; the invention has no special requirements on the existence form of the carbon nano sol, and the carbon nano sol can obviously improve the yield and the quality of the strawberries.

In the invention, the culture medium for strawberry seedling preferably comprises a nano carbon sol solution with volume fraction of 4%. In the invention, the nanocarbon sol solution is commercially available or prepared by self; in the specific implementation process of the invention, the nanocarbon sol solution is prepared by the following method: preparing solid carbon into an electrode, putting the electrode into an electrolyte solution, and acting direct-current pulse current for 6-8 days to obtain the nano-carbon sol solution. In the invention, the electrolyte solution takes water as a solvent, and preferably comprises 1 to 3 weight per thousand of sodium chloride and 0.2 to 0.5 weight per thousand of potassium sulfate; the current of the direct current pulse current is preferably 35-45A, and the voltage is preferably 3-6V; in the invention, the formation process of the nanocarbon sol solution is as follows: the carbon atoms obtain energy on the electrode, when the energy obtained by the carbon atoms exceeds the chemical bond force and simultaneously obtains the surface energy required for forming the carbon particles in the nano-carbon scale range, the part of the carbon atoms are separated from the solid carbon electrode, and the formed nano-graphite carbon particles are dissociated in the electrolyte, so that the nano-carbon sol solution is obtained.

In the invention, the strawberry seedling culture medium preferably further comprises 1800-2000 mg/L of potassium nitrate, 1600-1700 mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 160-180 mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 360-380 mg/L of magnesium sulfate, 430-450 mg/L of calcium chloride, 20-24 mg/L of manganese sulfate, 8-10 mg/L of zinc sulfate, 37-39 mg/L of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 27-30 mg/L of ferrous sulfate, 90-110 mg/L of inositol, 4-6 mg/L of nicotinic acid, 33-36 mg/L of sucrose and the balance of water; 4-6 mg/L of the nicotinic acid can be replaced by 0.4-0.6 mg/L of nicotinamide; more preferably, the potassium nitrate is 1900mg/L, the ammonium nitrate is 1650mg/L, the monopotassium phosphate is 170mg/L, the magnesium sulfate is 370mg/L, the calcium chloride is 440mg/L, the manganese sulfate is 22mg/L, the zinc sulfate is 9mg/L, the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium is 38mg/L, the ferrous sulfate is 28mg/L, the inositol is 100mg/L, the nicotinic acid VB55mg/L, the sucrose is 35mg/L and the balance of water.

In the invention, the pH value of the strawberry seedling culture medium is preferably 6.2-7.4, more preferably 6.8-7.2, and most preferably 7.0.

In the present invention, the preparation method of the strawberry seedling culture medium preferably includes the following steps: mixing the raw materials, heating to 33-36 ℃, stirring for 20-30 min, adjusting the pH value, and sterilizing for 10min by high-pressure steam. In the invention, the purpose of heating and stirring is to fully mix the raw materials; the reagent for adjusting the pH value is not particularly limited, and a conventional acid-base regulator in the field is adopted; hydrochloric acid is preferred in the practice of the present invention. In the invention, the method preferably comprises a cooling step after the high-pressure steam sterilization, and the strawberry seedling culture medium is preferably stored at 4 ℃ for later use.

The invention provides a strawberry seedling cultivation matrix which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-50 parts of rice hulls, 35-40 parts of vinegar residues, 5-15 parts of grass carbon, 1-3 parts of fermented sesame oil residues, 0.2-0.3 part of organic fertilizer and 3-5 parts of nanocarbon sol solution; the composition preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 46-49 parts of rice hulls, 36-39 parts of vinegar residues, 8-12 parts of grass carbon, 2 parts of fermented sesame oil residues, 0.25 part of organic fertilizer and 4 parts of nano carbon sol solution. In the invention, the rice hull is from a rice production plant; the vinegar residue is from a vinegar factory; the turf comes from northeast forest farms; the fermented sesame oil residues are from a sesame oil production plant, and the organic fertilizer is from an organic fertilizer production plant; the invention has no special requirements on the specification and parameters of the raw materials of the matrix, and the raw materials are conventional in the field. In the present invention, the nanocarbon sol solution is preferably prepared by the above-described preparation method.

In the invention, the strawberry seedling cultivation matrix is prepared by the following method steps: mixing, turning and stirring the raw materials of the strawberry seedling cultivation matrix, standing for 15-20 min, sterilizing at high temperature by steam, and cooling for later use. In the present invention, the tumbling and stirring is preferably carried out by a mechanical apparatus, and in the present invention, the tumbling and stirring apparatus is available from Zheng-Zhou-Zhengqian machineries Ltd, model number QLJ 100. The method and the steps for steam high-temperature sterilization are not particularly limited, and the method and the steps for steam high-temperature sterilization which are conventional in the field can be adopted.

The invention also provides a strawberry seedling cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: 1) collecting young plants from healthy strawberry stock plants, planting the young plants in the strawberry seedling culture medium, and culturing to obtain strawberry seedlings; 2) transplanting the strawberry seedlings into the strawberry seedling culture medium to culture 6-7 leaves, transplanting the strawberry seedlings into a propagation nursery garden to culture and divide the strawberry seedlings into plants.

The invention collects the young plants from healthy strawberry mother plants and plants the young plants in the culture medium for cultivating strawberry seedlings to obtain strawberry seedlings. In the present invention, the healthy strawberry mother strain is preferably a robust virus-free strawberry mother strain; the time for collecting the seedlings is preferably in the middle of 7 months; the seedlings preferably have 2-3 leaves. In the invention, the seedlings are planted in the seedling culture bottles filled with the strawberry seedling culture medium; in the invention, the temperature for culturing the seedlings is preferably 22-25 ℃; the illumination intensity of the seedling cultivation is preferably 17000Lm, the light-dark period ratio of the seedling cultivation is preferably 16: 8; the humidity for seedling cultivation is preferably 68-72%, and more preferably 70%; during the seedling cultivation period, preferably supplementing water and nutrient solution once every 3-5 days; the amount of water supplemented each time is 300-500 kg/mu, and the amount of nutrient solution supplemented each time is 2-5 kg/mu; the time for obtaining strawberry seedlings by the method is 160-180 days.

After the seedlings are obtained, the strawberry seedlings are transplanted into the strawberry seedling culture medium to be cultured until 6-7 leaves are obtained, and then the strawberry seedlings are transplanted into a propagation nursery to be cultured and divided. In the invention, the strawberry seedling culture medium is preferably arranged in a seedling culture hole tray; the temperature for cultivating the seedlings is preferably 20-23 ℃; the illumination intensity of the seedling cultivation is preferably 18000Lm, the light-dark period ratio of the seedling cultivation is preferably 16: 8; the humidity for seedling cultivation is preferably 68-72%, and more preferably 70%; during the seedling cultivation period, preferably supplementing water and nutrient solution once every 3-5 days; the amount of the water supplemented each time is preferably 400-600 kg/mu, and the amount of the nutrient solution supplemented each time is preferably 4-7 kg/mu. In the invention, before transplanting, the breeding nursery is preferably ploughed and prepared, the invention has no special requirement on the ploughing and can only adopt the conventional ploughing in the field; the invention preferably applies base fertilizer in the soil preparation process; the base fertilizer comprises 2000-3000 kg/mu of decomposed hurdle fertilizer and 30 kg/mu of nano-carbon synergistic fertilizer; more preferably 2500 kg/mu of decomposed column fertilizer and 30 kg/mu of nano-carbon synergistic fertilizer; in the present invention, the nanocarbon synergistic fertilizer is preferably available from Shenyang Meihua agriculture Co. According to the invention, after land preparation, ditching and ridging are preferably carried out, and the width of each furrow is preferably 2 m. In the specific implementation process of the invention, the transplanting density is preferably 200cm × 70 cm; the transplanting density can ensure that the stolons grow to have sufficient space and illumination. In the present invention, the ramet is preferably a runner ramet, and the method for rameting the runner is performed by a conventional method in the art, and more preferably, a newly issued runner is introduced into a space around a mother plant, leaves on a stem node are buried in the soil from a base portion, and when a new seedling having 3 to 4 leaves is formed on the stem node, the seedling is cut off from the mother plant and transplanted.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Preparing a nano carbon sol solution:

preparing solid carbon into an electrode, putting the electrode into an electrolyte solution (taking water as a solvent and comprising 2 wt% of sodium chloride and 0.35 wt% of potassium sulfate), collecting the solution under the action of direct current pulse current (40A and 4.5V) for 7 days, and obtaining the nanocarbon sol solution.

Preparing a culture medium for strawberry seedling cultivation:

raw materials: 40ml/L of nanocarbon sol liquid, 1900mg/L of potassium nitrate, 1650mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 170mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 370mg/L of magnesium sulfate, 440mg/L of calcium chloride, 22mg/L of manganese sulfate, 9mg/L of zinc sulfate, 38mg/L of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 28mg/L of ferrous sulfate, 100mg/L of inositol, VB55mg/L of nicotinic acid, 35mg/L of cane sugar and the balance of water.

The preparation method comprises the following steps:

raw materials of potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, manganese sulfate and zinc sulfate 9; disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, ferrous sulfate, inositol, nicotinic acid and sucrose are loaded into a stirring tank (BYG 200, model number, manufactured by Shanghai Kelao mechanical equipment Co., Ltd.) according to the above proportion, 960mL of water is added, and finally 40mL of nano carbon sol is added, the temperature is heated to 35 ℃, and the stirring is carried out for 25 min. Adjusting the pH value to 7.0 by using 10% hydrochloric acid, bottling, sealing and sterilizing for 10min by using high-pressure steam (the sterilization temperature is 110-132 ℃). Cooling and storing in a refrigerator for later use.

Example 2

The strawberry seedling cultivation matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 48 parts of rice hull, 37 parts of vinegar residue, 10 parts of grass carbon, 2 parts of fermented sesame oil residue, 0.25 part of organic fertilizer and 4 parts of nano carbon sol solution (prepared in example 1);

the rice hull is from a rice production plant; the vinegar residue is from a vinegar factory; the peat is from northeast forest farms; the fermented sesame oil residue is from a sesame oil production plant, and the organic fertilizer is from Shenyang Tianfeng agriculture science and technology company Limited in an organic fertilizer production plant.

Mixing the raw materials, stirring, standing for 20min (Zhengzhou-Zhengqian engineering machinery Co., Ltd., model: QLJ100), and sterilizing with steam at high temperature. Cooling and then standby.

Example 3

1. The experimental site: wumengzhou Shangpolancun in Panzhou city, Guizhou province in 2017.

Experimental conditions: the upgradable village of Wumeng town of the disk city of Guizhou province is positioned at 104 degrees of northwefting 26 degrees of east longitude, the average altitude of 1720-1880 meters, the average annual temperature of 14.1 ℃, the average annual temperature of 3798.5 ℃ which stably passes through 10 ℃ accumulated temperature and the average annual rainfall of 1100 mm.

2. The experimental variety is as follows: the red strawberry seedling is also called red cheek, and is a kind of improved early-maturing cultivar bred by hybridizing octopus and Xinxiang in Jinggang county of Japan. The root system has strong growth capacity and absorption capacity, shallow dormancy, and can take out and blossom 4 inflorescences, each inflorescence can continuously bloom and bear fruits, and no broken shelves exist in the middle.

3. Experiment design: the experiment was set up with 3 different media treatments

Treatment 1: conventional culture medium: 1900mg/L potassium nitrate, 1650mg/L ammonium nitrate, 170mg/L monopotassium phosphate, 370mg/L magnesium sulfate, 440mg/L calcium chloride, 22mg/L manganese sulfate, 9mg/L zinc sulfate, 38mg/L disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 28mg/L ferrous sulfate, 100mg/L inositol, VB55mg/L nicotinic acid, 35mg/L sucrose and the balance of water.

And (3) treatment 2: 3% volume of nanocarbon sol solution (prepared in example 1) was added on the basis of the medium in treatment 1;

and (3) treatment: 5% volume of nanocarbon sol solution (prepared in example 1) was added on the basis of the medium in treatment 1.

4. Operation of the Experimental procedure

And (3) collecting the young seedlings with 2-3 leaves from the robust virus-free strawberry mother plants in the 7 th month and the middle ten days, and planting the young seedlings in a seedling culture bottle filled with a culture medium for treating 1-3 leaves for cultivation to obtain strawberry seedlings (breeding seedlings). The temperature is 20-23 ℃, the illumination is 18000Lm (the light-dark period ratio is 16:8), the moisture and the nutrient solution are supplemented once every 3-5 days, and the indoor humidity is controlled to be 70%.

5. Analysis of results

The results of the analysis of the growth state of the seedlings are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 analysis of growth status of seedlings

The analysis of experimental data shows that the comprehensive effect of the treatment 2 is better, and the root expression, the leaf number growth and the sensory color are better than those of the conventional treatment 3.

The experimental effect shows that the culture effect of the culture medium added with the nanocarbon sol is obviously better than that of the conventional culture medium.

Example 4

The strawberry seedlings obtained by the culture in the treatment 1-3 in the embodiment 3 are respectively inoculated into a plug tray for culture until 6-7 leaves of the strawberry seedlings are cultured.

Plug matrix set 3 treatments

Treatment 1 (transplanting of strawberry seedlings obtained in treatment 1 in example 3): conventional matrix materials: 48 parts of rice hull, 39 parts of vinegar residue, 10.75 parts of grass carbon, 2 parts of fermented sesame oil residue and 0.25 part of organic fertilizer.

Treatment 2 (transplanting of strawberry seedlings obtained by treatment 2 in example 3): adding 3% volume of nanocarbon sol solution (prepared in example 1) on the basis of the conventional matrix material of treatment 1;

treatment 3 (transplanting of strawberry seedlings obtained by treatment 3 in example 3): a 5% volume solution of nanocarbon sol (prepared in example 1) was added on the basis of the conventional matrix material of treatment 1.

Experimental methods

A sunlight greenhouse with the square meter of 600 is selected, the number of the strawberry plug seedlings is determined according to the breeding number, and 7-8 thousands of plug seedlings are placed in 1 mu (one greenhouse area). The land is square, which is beneficial to the arrangement of the plug trays (the plug tray is usually 50cm multiplied by 30cm, and each plug tray is used for propagating 32 strawberry seedlings) and the installation of sprinkling irrigation facilities. The ground should be compacted and leveled to facilitate the placement of the hole trays, watering operation and the like.

Determining the arrangement positions of the hole discs, arranging the hole discs into a row in a pairwise transverse opposite manner to form a hole disc bed, simultaneously filling a matrix, tamping the matrix by using a flat mill during filling to ensure that no holes are leaked and no empty is generated, scraping redundant matrix to ensure that the surface of the matrix is level to the surface of the hole discs, and arranging two rows of 50cm apart to serve as operation channels and mounting sprinkling irrigation belts.

Arranging the cut seedlings before transplanting, removing stolon tips and diseased and disabled leaves at the front ends of the roots, and watering the plug tray to be transplanted thoroughly. When the seedlings are inserted, the fingers or the thin wood sticks are firstly used for pricking holes on the water-permeable matrix, then the wood sticks or the fingers are used for pressing the root systems of the seedlings to be inserted into the matrix, the seedlings are righted, and the matrix is compacted and compacted. The depth of the seedlings is standard that the seedlings are not buried in the heart and not exposed on the root.

The seedlings are transplanted and watered to prevent the seedlings from wilting. The spray irrigation water column cannot be too high so as to prevent the matrix from being flushed out of the hole tray by water flow. And (3) spraying water for 1 time every day after seedling transplanting, wherein the amount of water sprayed for each time is 100-200 mL/plant, and the water is maintained for 1 week, on the premise that the seedling does not wilting in the morning. Watering according to the matrix condition after 1 week, and maintaining the matrix in a wet state all the time. Searching the seedbed, manually watering the place where the sprinkling irrigation is not watered, righting the lodging seedlings, and timely replanting the seedlings whose roots are exposed outside the matrix due to watering.

The seedling is prevented from being exposed to the sun in the early stage of plug seedling insertion, and the lower edges of the sunshade nets around the net shed are dropped on the ground, so that direct sunlight can be prevented in the morning and at night. After 3 weeks of seedling transplanting, the root part is full, and at the moment, the periphery of the sunshade net can be rolled to the top of the net shed in the daytime. The optimal temperature for rooting of the strawberry seedlings is 15-20 ℃, and if the temperature is low, the sun-shading net which is rolled up around is required to fall at night, so that the growth of the strawberry seedlings is facilitated.

The results of the analysis of the growth state of the seedlings are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 analysis results of growth status of seedlings

Treatment of	Rooting	Tillering number	Survival rate
				Conventional culture medium	Rooting 12-18 roots in 2 months	3-4 tillers in 2 months	80～85％
3% nanocarbon sol	Rooting 20-30 roots in 2 months	6-9 tillers in 2 months	94～98％
				5% nanocarbon sol	Root 15-25 in 2 months	5-8 tillers in 2 months	88～93％

The experimental data analysis shows that the comprehensive effect of the treatment 2 is better, and the root performance, the tillering number and the survival rate are better than those of the conventional treatment 3.

The experimental effect shows that the culture effect of the culture medium is obviously better than that of the conventional culture medium after the nano carbon sol is added into the matrix for the growth of the seedlings.

Example 5

1. The experimental site: wumengzhou Shangpolancun in Panzhou city, Guizhou province in 2017

Experimental conditions: the uphill village of Wumeng town of DISH city, Guizhou province is positioned at 104 degrees of east longitude and 32' north latitude of 26 degrees, the average altitude is 1720 meters, the average annual temperature is 14.1 ℃, the average annual temperature stably passes through 3798.5 degrees of accumulated temperature of 10 ℃, and the average annual rainfall is 1100 mm.

2. The experimental variety is as follows: hongyan and Tochiyi B woman. All the materials are Japanese protospecies, the root growth ability and the absorption ability are strong, the dormancy is shallow, 4 inflorescences can be extracted and bloomed, each inflorescence can continuously bloom and bear fruits, and no break exists in the middle.

3. Experiment design: set 4 treatments

Treatment 1: conventional fertilizers: applying a base fertilizer in the soil preparation process; the base fertilizer comprises 2000-3000 kg/mu of decomposed fertilizer, namely common farmyard manure.

And (3) treatment 2: the base fertilizer comprises 2000-3000 kg/mu of decomposed hurdle fertilizer and 30 kg/mu of nano-carbon synergistic fertilizer (containing 3% nano-carbon sol); the nanocarbon synergistic fertilizer is purchased from Shenyang Meihua agriculture Co.

And (3) treatment: the base fertilizer comprises 2000-3000 kg/mu of decomposed hurdle fertilizer and 40 kg/mu of nano-carbon synergistic fertilizer (containing 4% nano-carbon sol); the nanocarbon synergistic fertilizer is purchased from Shenyang Meihua agriculture Co.

And (4) treatment: the base fertilizer comprises 2000-3000 kg/mu of decomposed hurdle fertilizer and 50 kg/mu of nano-carbon synergistic fertilizer (containing 5% of nano-carbon sol); the nanocarbon synergistic fertilizer is purchased from Shenyang Meihua agriculture Co.

4. The experimental method comprises the following steps:

in Wumengzhou town upslope village in Dianzhou, Guizhou province, a sunlight greenhouse shed is adopted, the greenhouse sits north and south, and the area is 6000m². The cell is divided into 12 cells, each cell is 20m²6 cells per breed, random arrangement, 3 replicates. The planting time is 9 months and 5 days, the row spacing is 60cm, the planting spacing is 20cm, and the planting and management are carried out according to a conventional method. The methods of seedling cultivation and plug cultivation in the previous stage are referred to the methods in examples 3 and 4, and are not described in detail.

(1) Direction of planting

When planting, the direction of the arched new stem of the strawberry seedling is noticed, and the extending of the inflorescence of the strawberry from the new stem has a propagating regularity. Usually, the new stem of the plant is slightly arched, and the inflorescence extends from the back of the arch. In order to facilitate fruit filling and harvesting, the inflorescences drawn from each plant are in the same direction, so that the bow back of a new stem faces towards a fixed direction during seedling planting. When the flat bed is planted, the direction of the inflorescence of the plants on the side lines should face into the bed, so that the inflorescence is prevented from extending to the ridge of the bed to influence the operation.

(2) Depth of planting

The planting depth is the key for the survival of the strawberries. The planting is too deep, the seedling core is buried by soil, and the seedling is easy to rot; when the planting is too shallow, the rootstocks are exposed, and new roots are not easy to generate, so that the seedlings are dry, bitter and dead. The reasonable depth is to make the stem of the seedling core be flush with the ground. If the furrow surface is not flat or the soil is excessively loosened, seedlings are easy to be washed or become silted after watering, and the survival rate is reduced. Therefore, the soil preparation quality is particularly emphasized before planting, and the planting is realized in a way that the core is not buried deeply and the roots are not exposed shallowly.

(3) Method of operation

Digging soil, spreading the roots in the holes, filling fine soil, compacting, slightly lifting the seedlings to make the roots and the soil tightly combined, and immediately watering for 1 time to fix the roots. If plants with exposed roots or silted cores and plants which do not accord with the preset extending direction of inflorescences appear after watering, the plants should be timely adjusted or re-planted, and seedlings should be timely replenished when planting is missed, so as to ensure the whole seedlings and achieve the high quality of planting.

Temperature regulation

In the last ten days of 8 months to 9 months, the field planting is carried out at the natural temperature of 15-20 ℃ and the soil temperature of 15-17 ℃, and in the last and middle ten days of 10 months, the greenhouse is sealed by adopting high-quality polyethylene heat-preservation long-life non-drip film, the temperature in the daytime is kept at 25-28 ℃, the temperature at night is kept at 12-18 ℃, and ventilation is carried out at the temperature of more than 30 ℃; covering a black mulching film 7-10 days after heat preservation for heat preservation, water preservation, fertilizer preservation and weed control, and immediately breaking the film to pick seedlings onto the film; keeping the temperature of the cotton quilt when the temperature in the greenhouse is reduced to 25 ℃ daily and the temperature at night is below 12 ℃; in winter, in low-temperature and continuous haze weather, a hot blast stove is used when solar energy cannot be utilized to guarantee the temperature of a greenhouse, the temperature is controlled to be 23-25 ℃ in the daytime, and the temperature is controlled to be 8-10 ℃ at night.

Before budding, keeping the temperature in the shed at 25-30 ℃ in daytime and 12-18 ℃ at night; keeping the temperature of 23-26 ℃ in daytime and 8-12 ℃ at night in the bud period; the temperature is kept at 22-25 ℃ in the daytime and 8-12 ℃ at night in the flowering period; the fruit expansion period and the mature period are kept at 20-23 ℃ in the daytime and 6-8 ℃ at night. In a word, in the strawberry cultivation process, when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 25 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature is required to be ventilated and reduced, and the temperature in the greenhouse is kept above 6 ℃ at night in winter.

Humidity control

The method has the advantages that the requirements of strawberries on air humidity in different growth periods are different, the bud period is controlled to be 60-80%, the humidity in the flowering period is too high, pollen propagation is greatly influenced, deformed fruits are produced, the fruit setting rate is reduced, the air humidity is kept to be 40-50%, the water requirement in the fruit expansion period and the fruit maturation period is high, and the air humidity is kept to be 60-70%. The humidity control can be realized by ventilation, moisture dissipation and regulation except for drip irrigation under a non-drip film and drip irrigation under a film, and the air can be discharged only in a short time at noon in low temperature and cloudy and snowy days.

Water content management: watering is carried out in the early stage after planting, so that the soil is kept moist and the root development is promoted. And controlling watering when normal management is carried out in the middle and last ten days of 9 months, squatting seedlings to promote flower bud differentiation, and irrigating once every 5-7 days. And water is poured once before heat preservation and before mulching film laying, the temperature in the greenhouse is higher after heat preservation, the strawberries have large demand for water and are irrigated once every 3-5 days, and the strawberries are irrigated once every 5-7 days after mulching film laying. In the fruit expansion period, the water requirement is large, irrigation is performed once every 3-4 days, water is properly controlled in the fruit maturation period, and the occurrence of gray mold is reduced.

Analysis of results

The plateau strawberry growth state analysis is shown in table 3.

TABLE 3 strawberry growth status analysis

The data analysis shows that the treatment effect of 2-4 by adding the carbon nano sol solution is obviously better than that of the control group treatment 1, wherein the comprehensive effect of the treatment 3 is better, and the root expression, flower bud differentiation, single fruit weight and single plant weight average are better than those of the conventional treatment 2 and the treatment 4.

The embodiment shows that the carbon nano sol solution provided by the invention can obviously improve the yield and the quality of strawberries.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A culture medium for plateau strawberry seedling is characterized by comprising a nanocarbon sol solution with the volume fraction of 3% -5%;

also comprises the following components:

1800-2000 mg/L of potassium nitrate, 1600-1700 mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 160-180 mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 360-380 mg/L of magnesium sulfate, 430-450 mg/L of calcium chloride, 20-24 mg/L of manganese sulfate, 8-10 mg/L of zinc sulfate, 37-39 mg/L of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 27-30 mg/L of ferrous sulfate, 90-110 mg/L of inositol, 4-6 mg/L of nicotinic acid, 33-36 mg/L of sucrose and the balance of water;

the plateau strawberry seedling cultivation medium is used for carrying out strawberry seedling cultivation environment and comprises the following steps: the altitude is 1800-2200 m, the atmospheric pressure is 80.9-76.2 kPa, and the cultivation temperature is lower than 25 ℃;

the preparation method of the nano carbon sol solution comprises the following steps:

preparing solid carbon into an electrode, putting the electrode into an electrolyte solution, and collecting the solution under the action of direct current pulse current 40A and 4.5V for 7d to obtain a nano carbon sol solution; the electrolyte solution takes water as a solvent and comprises 2 weight per mill of sodium chloride and 0.35 weight per mill of potassium sulfate.

2. The plateau strawberry seedling cultivation medium of claim 1, wherein the pH value of the strawberry seedling cultivation medium is 6.2-7.4.

3. The plateau strawberry seedling cultivation substrate is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 45-50 parts of rice hulls, 35-40 parts of vinegar residues, 5-15 parts of grass carbon, 1-3 parts of fermented sesame oil residues, 0.2-0.3 part of organic fertilizer and 3-5 parts of nanocarbon sol solution.

4. A cultivation method of plateau strawberry seedlings comprises the following steps:

1) collecting young strawberry seedlings from a healthy strawberry mother plant, and planting the young strawberry seedlings in the strawberry seedling culture medium of claim 1 or 2 for culture to obtain strawberry seedlings;

2) transplanting the strawberry seedlings into the plateau strawberry seedling culture medium of claim 3 to culture 6-7 leaves, and transplanting the strawberry seedlings into a propagation nursery to culture and divide the strawberry seedlings into plants.

5. The cultivation method of plateau strawberry seedlings according to claim 4, wherein the seedlings in step 1) have 2-3 leaves.

6. The cultivation method of plateau strawberry seedlings according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the strawberry seedling cultivation substrate in step 2) is placed in a seedling raising plug tray.

7. The cultivation method of plateau strawberry seedlings according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that step 2) plowing and preparing the breeding nursery before transplanting, wherein base fertilizer is applied during the preparing process; the base fertilizer comprises 2000-3000 kg/mu of decomposed hurdle fertilizer and 30 kg/mu of nano-carbon synergistic fertilizer.

8. The cultivation method of plateau strawberry seedlings according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the strawberry seedling cultivation environment includes: the altitude is 1800-2200 m, the atmospheric pressure is 80.9-76.2 kPa, and the cultivation temperature is lower than 25 ℃.