CN114982587A - Seedling raising substrate for improving quality and yield of fragrant rice, preparation method thereof and seedling raising method - Google Patents
Seedling raising substrate for improving quality and yield of fragrant rice, preparation method thereof and seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 148
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- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000015872 dietary supplement Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 41
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- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and yield of fragrant rice, a preparation method thereof and a seedling raising method. The seedling raising matrix comprises a soil-mixed seedling raising matrix and a seedling strengthening agent; the soil-mixed seedling raising matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of seedling raising substrate; 60-70 parts of red loam; the seedling strengthening agent comprises a bactericide, a nutritional supplement and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; according to the weight of the soil-mixed seedling raising substrate, the bactericide is added at 600mg/kg, the zinc sulfate is added at 2-3mg/kg, and the monopotassium phosphate is added at 10-15 mg/kg. The seedling raising substrate obtained by the invention is a composite seedling raising substrate, can meet the requirement of industrial seedling raising, and the robust seedlings obtained after seedling raising meet the requirement of mechanical rice transplanting, and can improve the quality and yield of fragrant rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rice planting, in particular to a seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and yield of fragrant rice, a preparation method thereof and a seedling raising method.
Background
The Menghai county of Dai nationality of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province is an agricultural county mainly based on grain production, and the county has unique climate, fertile soil, abundant rainfall and large day-night temperature difference. Rivers such as the south sea river, the quicksand river and the like run through a plurality of main dams in the whole county, and the method is very suitable for the growth of high-quality rice. Menghai county is a commercial food-base county in China, and high-quality rice is planted in a very long history. The planting development of the high-quality rice has a certain scale, and the brand has a certain social effect.
However, the high-quality rice industry in Menghai county is slow in development, and a lot of problems exist in rice production, and the applicant finds that the prior art at least has the following technical problems:
1. the Meng hai scented rice seedling raising mode in the prior art is too traditional, seedling raising of most planters is carried out in a mode of ridging and direct field broadcasting, bed soil is not disinfected, meanwhile, seedling raising points are scattered, the difficulty of field management of seedlings is greatly increased, the quality of the seedlings cannot be guaranteed under the condition that labor input cost is high, seedling emergence irregularity often occurs, serious plant diseases and insect pests occur in the seedling stage, and mechanical seedling transplanting cannot be carried out.
2. In the prior art, a grower who raises seedlings by adopting a matrix lacks a professional technology for preparing a rice seedling raising matrix, matrix raw materials have no fixed purchasing (obtaining) channel and no fixed nutritional formula, so that the quality of seedlings in each batch and seedlings of different varieties are uneven, even the conditions of seedling burning, seedling death and the like occur, the quality of mechanical operation cannot be ensured, and the seedling shortage condition is more after the seedlings are transplanted; meanwhile, the quality of the seedlings is uneven, the seedlings grow unevenly after being transplanted, field management is not facilitated, and the maturity of later-stage rice is inconsistent, so that the quality of the fragrant rice is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and the yield of fragrant rice, a preparation method thereof and a seedling raising method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, the seedling raising mode of Meng hai fragrant rice is too traditional, most of growers raise seedlings in a ridging and direct field broadcasting mode, bed soil is not disinfected and sterilized, and meanwhile, seedling raising points are scattered, so that the difficulty of field management of seedlings is greatly increased, the seedling quality cannot be ensured under the condition of high labor input cost, the seedling emergence is not neat frequently, serious plant diseases and insect pests occur in the seedling stage, and mechanical seedling transplanting cannot be performed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and the yield of fragrant rice, which comprises a soil-mixed seedling raising substrate and a seedling strengthening agent; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the soil-mixed seedling raising matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of seedling raising substrate material; 60-70 parts of red loam;
the seedling strengthening agent comprises a bactericide, a nutritional supplement and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; according to the weight of the soil-mixed seedling raising substrate, the bactericide is added at 600mg/kg, the zinc sulfate is added at 2-3mg/kg, and the monopotassium phosphate is added at 10-15 mg/kg.
Further, in the soil-mixed seedling raising substrate, the weight parts of the raw materials are respectively as follows: 32-38 parts of seedling raising substrate material; 62-68 parts of red loam.
Further, in the soil-mixed seedling raising substrate, the weight parts of the raw materials are respectively as follows: 35 parts of seedling raising substrate material; 65 parts of red loam.
Furthermore, in the seedling strengthening agent, according to the weight of the soil-mixed seedling raising matrix, the bactericide is added at 480mg/kg, the zinc sulfate is added at 2.2-2.8mg/kg, and the monopotassium phosphate is added at 12-14 mg/kg.
Furthermore, in the seedling strengthening agent, according to the weight of the soil-mixed seedling raising matrix, 500mg/kg of bactericide is added, 2.5mg/kg of zinc sulfate is added, and 12.5mg/kg of monopotassium phosphate is added.
According to the preparation method of the seedling raising matrix for improving the quality and the yield of the fragrant rice, the soil-mixed seedling raising matrix and the seedling strengthening agent are uniformly mixed according to the proportion, and the finished product of the seedling raising matrix for improving the quality and the yield of the fragrant rice is obtained.
The invention provides a seedling raising method, which is used for raising seedlings of fragrant rice seeds by applying the seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and the yield of fragrant rice and comprises the following steps:
s1, sun-planting the fragrant rice seeds for 1-2 days in sunny days;
s2, soaking the sun-cured fragrant rice seeds for 20-26h by adopting a sterilizing agent, and then cleaning;
s3, airing the fragrant rice seeds treated in the step S2 indoors at the temperature of 28-32 ℃, preserving moisture and accelerating germination for 4-6 hours;
s4, sowing when the daily average temperature stably reaches more than 12 ℃, specifically comprising the following steps:
s41, padding a layer of seedling raising substrate on the seedling tray; sprinkling water on the seedling raising substrate;
s42, sowing the seeds subjected to moisture preservation and germination acceleration on a seedling raising substrate;
s43, finally covering the seedling raising substrate on the seeds;
s5, placing the sowed seedling tray in a germination accelerating chamber for accelerating germination, accelerating germination in a dark environment at the temperature of 10-40 ℃ until the germination length of the seeds is 8-12mm, and finishing the accelerating germination;
s6, moving the seedling tray to a greenhouse for tray arrangement and seedling emergence management;
s6, seedling management, including four key periods: the growth stage of seed root, the first complete leaf elongation stage, the milk leaving stage and the preparation stage before transplantation
S61, the development period of the seed root,
controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be less than or equal to 32 ℃ from sowing to exposing the tip of the first leaf for 3-5 days, and ventilating the greenhouse when the temperature is greater than 32 ℃;
s62 first full leaf elongation stage
From the seedling emergence to the first complete leaf development, the time is 5-7 days, the height of the first leaf sheath is controlled to be less than or equal to 3cm by the overground part, and 5 root systems of the sheath leaf nodes which are coextensive with the first leaf are promoted by the underground part; controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 22-28 ℃, and opening a greenhouse film of the greenhouse in time for ventilation and seedling hardening; when the soil of the seedling raising matrix bed on the seedling tray turns white, the water drops at the leaf tips become small in the morning and evening or new leaves curl at high temperature in the noon, water with the temperature more than or equal to 16 ℃ is used for irrigating at 7-9 points in the morning the next day.
S63, weaning period
Spreading from the tip of the second leaf to the third leaf for 10-14 days, controlling the temperature of the greenhouse at 20-25 deg.C, ventilating to train seedling, and opening the greenhouse film of the greenhouse to ventilate to train seedling in rainy days when the humidity in the greenhouse is high; adopting water management measures of dry-wet alternation from 1 leaf period to 3 leaf period, and keeping half drought of seedling raising matrix in a seedling tray;
s64, preparation period before transplanting
From 3.1 to 3.5 leaves for 2 to 3 days, applying 150 g of diammonium phosphate and 125-plus-one per 100 square meters of seedbed, and spraying a small amount of water to make the fertilizer adhere to the seedbed; natural brassin 0.8-1.2 g/mu.
Further, in the step S41, the thickness of the seedling raising substrate mat on the seedling tray is 2-3 cm; in the step S43, the thickness of the seedling raising substrate covering the seeds is 2-3 cm.
Further, in the step S5, the pregermination is performed at a temperature of 30 to 32 ℃.
Further, in the step S62, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 22-25 ℃ during the first complete leaf elongation period.
Based on the technical scheme, the embodiment of the invention can at least produce the following technical effects:
(1) according to the seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and the yield of the fragrant rice and the preparation method thereof, the obtained seedling raising substrate is a composite seedling raising substrate, the requirement of industrial seedling raising can be met, the seedling raising period is shortened through industrial seedling raising and greenhouse seedling raising, robust rice seedlings are cultivated, centralized seedling raising and seedling supply are realized, and mechanical seedling transplanting is met simultaneously, so that the yield and the quality of rice are improved.
(2) According to the seedling raising method provided by the invention, the seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and the yield of fragrant rice is used for feeding seedlings in a sample mode, a breakthrough is made aiming at the problems of insufficient technology, poor seedling quality, irregular seedling emergence, serious diseases and the like of the traditional field scattered seedling raising in the Meng Hai area, the special seedling raising substrate for the Meng Hai fragrant rice is researched and developed by combining local agricultural resources, the seedling raising period is shortened by factorized seedling raising and greenhouse seedling raising, strong rice seedlings are cultivated, centralized seedling raising and seedling supply are realized, mechanical seedling transplanting is met, and the yield and the quality of the rice are improved.
(3) According to the seedling raising method provided by the invention, the seedling raising matrix for improving the quality and yield of the scented rice is applied for feeding the seedlings by sample injection, the seeds are firstly dried in the sun when the seedlings are raised, the seedlings are spread out in a ventilated place for natural airing, and the seedlings are frequently turned over in the airing process, so that the dryness of the seeds can be consistent. Can promote the after-ripening of the seeds, improve the activity of enzyme, promote oxygen to enter the seeds, utilize ultraviolet rays to sterilize and improve the germination rate and the germination potential of the seeds. In general, the survival rate can be improved by 20 percent; uniform seeding, moderate covering thickness and regular emergence of seedlings; the seedling quality is good (the white root number of each seedling is increased by 3-8, and the packing force is enhanced by 20%); the method meets the mechanical seedling transplanting and depth measuring fertilization technology, saves labor cost, and improves the seedling transplanting efficiency by 50 times (the seedling transplanting efficiency is less than 1 mu per 1 person per day in the traditional artificial seedling transplanting, and the seedling transplanting efficiency is 50 mu per 1 machine per day in the modern mechanical seedling transplanting); compared with the traditional seedling raising, the modern agricultural seedling raising saves 2-5 yuan per mu, and improves the land utilization rate (the traditional seedling raising is carried out on 1 mu paddy field, the seedling raising is carried out on 1 mu paddy field, and the modern three-dimensional seedling raising is carried out on 500 mu paddy field); the modern seedling raising saves time and cost, and shortens the seedling raising period by about ten days; modern seedling raising can control temperature and humidity, the disease incidence can be reduced by 15%, and the stable yield and high yield of rice can be improved to 16%.
Detailed Description
In one embodiment, the rice variety, the seedling raising time, the planting place and the seedling raising substrate material are adopted
Rice variety: yunnan 502;
seedling raising time of late rice: 15 days at 6 months to 20 days at 6 months, 10 days at 7 months to 20 days at the end of the transplanting period, and the seedling age is 25-35 days;
planting place: and (4) Meng sea.
Seedling raising substrate material: all adopt bannawang storehouse matrix of raising rice seedlings, buy in western double bannawang storehouse agricultural science and technology limited company, specification model: 20 kg/bag.
Banna flourishing warehouse seedling culture substrate
TABLE 1 physical and chemical indexes
Second, example
Example 1:
a seedling raising matrix for improving quality and yield of scented rice comprises a soil-mixed seedling raising matrix and a seedling strengthening agent; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the soil-mixed seedling raising substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of a Banna Wangcang seedling raising substrate; 60 parts of red loam;
the seedling strengthening agent comprises a bactericide, a nutritional supplement and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; according to the weight of the soil-mixed seedling raising matrix, 400mg/kg of bactericide (chlorothalonil) is added, 3mg/kg of zinc sulfate is added, and 10mg/kg of monopotassium phosphate is added.
The preparation method comprises mixing the soil-mixed seedling raising matrix and the seedling strengthening agent uniformly according to the proportion.
Example 2:
a seedling raising matrix for improving quality and yield of scented rice comprises a soil-mixed seedling raising matrix and a seedling strengthening agent; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the soil-mixed seedling raising substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 38 parts of Banna vigorous seedling raising matrix; 62 parts of red loam;
the seedling strengthening agent comprises a bactericide, a nutritional supplement and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; according to the weight of the soil-mixed seedling raising matrix, 420mg/kg of bactericide (adopting chlorothalonil) is added, 2.8mg/kg of zinc sulfate is added, and 12mg/kg of monopotassium phosphate is added.
The preparation method comprises mixing the soil-mixed seedling raising matrix and the seedling strengthening agent uniformly according to the proportion.
Example 3:
a seedling raising matrix for improving quality and yield of scented rice comprises a soil-mixed seedling raising matrix and a seedling strengthening agent; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the soil-mixed seedling raising substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of Banna Wangcang seedling raising substrate; 65 parts of red loam;
the seedling strengthening agent comprises a bactericide, a nutritional supplement and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; according to the weight of the soil-mixed seedling raising matrix, 500mg/kg of bactericide (chlorothalonil) is added, 2.5mg/kg of zinc sulfate is added, and 12.5mg/kg of monopotassium phosphate is added.
The preparation method comprises mixing the soil-mixed seedling raising matrix and the seedling strengthening agent uniformly according to the proportion.
Example 4:
a seedling raising matrix for improving quality and yield of scented rice comprises a soil-mixed seedling raising matrix and a seedling strengthening agent; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the soil-mixed seedling raising substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32 parts of Banna Wangcang seedling raising substrate; 68 parts of red loam;
the seedling strengthening agent comprises a bactericide, a nutritional supplement and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; according to the weight of the soil-mixed seedling raising matrix, 480mg/kg of bactericide (chlorothalonil) is added, 2.2mg/kg of zinc sulfate is added, and 14mg/kg of monopotassium phosphate is added.
The preparation method comprises mixing the soil-mixed seedling raising matrix and the seedling strengthening agent uniformly according to the proportion.
Example 5:
a seedling raising matrix for improving quality and yield of scented rice comprises a soil-mixed seedling raising matrix and a seedling strengthening agent; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the soil-mixed seedling raising substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of Banna Wangcang seedling raising substrate; 70 parts of red loam;
the seedling strengthening agent comprises a bactericide, a nutritional supplement and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; according to the weight of the soil-mixed seedling raising matrix, the bactericide (chlorothalonil) is added at 600mg/kg, the zinc sulfate is added at 2mg/kg, and the monopotassium phosphate is added at 15 mg/kg.
The preparation method comprises mixing the soil-mixed seedling raising matrix and the seedling strengthening agent uniformly according to the proportion.
Example 6:
the seedling raising method for raising fragrant rice seeds by using the seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and the yield of fragrant rice in the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
s1, sun-planting the fragrant rice seeds for 1.5 days in sunny days;
s2, soaking the sun-cured fragrant rice seeds for 24 hours by adopting a sterilizing agent, and then cleaning;
s3, airing the fragrant rice seeds treated in the step S2 indoors at the temperature of 30 ℃, preserving moisture and accelerating germination for 5 hours;
s4, paying attention to the damage of late spring coldness to seedlings, sowing when the daily average temperature stably reaches more than 12 ℃, paying attention to the damage of high temperature in the ear differentiation and heading flowering period, and keeping the sowing period from being too late; the sowing method specifically comprises the following steps:
s41, padding a layer of seedling raising substrate of 3cm on the seedling tray; sprinkling water on the seedling raising matrix, wherein the sprinkling amount is suitable for preventing the seedling raising matrix from dripping;
s42, sowing the seeds subjected to moisture preservation and germination acceleration on a seedling raising substrate;
adopting a 9-inch hard disk as a seedling tray, wherein the inner diameter specification is 58 cm multiplied by 28 cm multiplied by 2.8 cm, the sowing quantity of the conventional fragrant rice of the double cropping rice is 100 and 150 g/tray, and the sowing quantity of the conventional fragrant rice of the single cropping rice is 90 to 120 g/tray; before sowing, the maintenance work of the sowing machine is needed, the sowing device is adjusted according to the sowing quantity, and meanwhile, the sowing uniformity is adjusted to perform sowing;
s43, finally covering a layer of seedling raising substrate on the seeds, wherein the thickness of the seedling raising substrate is 2-3 mm;
s5, placing the sowed seedling tray in a germination accelerating chamber for accelerating germination, accelerating germination in a dark environment at 20-25 ℃, and ending the accelerating germination until the germination length of the seeds is 8-12mm and the germination rate of the seeds reaches over 90%;
s6, moving the seedling tray to a greenhouse for tray arrangement and seedling emergence management; when the seedling tray is placed, the seedling tray is required to be placed horizontally and vertically, the tray is tightly connected with the tray, and the side tray is tightly extruded by fine soil;
s6, seedling management, including four key periods: a seed root development period, a first complete leaf elongation period, a milk leaving period and a preparation period before transplantation:
s61, the development period of the seed root,
the time from sowing to the first leaf tip exposure is 3-5 days, and the seed root cultivation is mainly used in the period, and the root system is required to be thick, long, numerous in fibrous root and numerous in root hair. The principle that the root is raised first in seedling raising and the seed root is raised first in root raising is highlighted. The management key point is temperature control, the temperature in the greenhouse is required to be controlled to be less than or equal to 32 ℃, and when the temperature is higher than 32 ℃, the greenhouse is ventilated; no watering is generally carried out at this stage;
s62 first full leaf elongation stage
From seedling emergence to the first complete leaf development, the time is 5-7 days, the management key points are that the height of the first leaf sheath is controlled to be less than or equal to 3cm by the overground part, and 5 root systems of the sheath leaf nodes which extend with the first leaf are promoted by the underground part; the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 22-25 ℃ in the period; when the temperature is higher than 28 ℃, opening a greenhouse film of the greenhouse in time for ventilation and seedling hardening; the water management generally uses little watering or no watering except for water supplement at the position where the seedbed is too dry, so that the seedbed is kept in a dry breeding state; attention is paid to the "three-see" watering principle during the first full leaf elongation stage: the growth conditions of the soil surface (seedling raising matrix) and the root system are judged at one time, and the size of water drops spitted by the leaf tips in the morning and at the evening is judged at the other time; and thirdly, if the new leaves curl at high temperature in the noon, if the bed soil turns white, the water globules turn small in the morning and evening or the new leaves curl in the noon, watering the new leaves with water with the temperature more than or equal to 16 ℃ at 7-9 points in the morning of the next day, and sufficiently watering the new leaves for one time.
S63, weaning period
The leaf tip of the second leaf is exposed to the third leaf, the time is 10-14 days, the management key points are that the underground part promotes the robust growth of 8 root systems of incomplete leaf nodes, the overground part controls the leaf-ear distance of the first leaf and the second leaf and the leaf-ear distance of the second leaf and the third leaf to be 1 cm respectively, and the excessive growth of stems and leaves is prevented. The key points are that the temperature and the moisture are controlled, the temperature of the shed is controlled between 20 ℃ and 25 ℃, the seedling is trained in a large ventilation way in the period, and the seedling is trained in a ventilation way in rainy days when the humidity in the shed is high.
Adopting a moisture management measure of dry-wet alternation from the 1-leaf stage to the 3-leaf stage, and preferably keeping half drought of a seedling raising substrate in a seedling tray so as to achieve the purposes of regulating air, fertilizer and humidity by water and protecting seedlings by water;
the higher the seedling raising temperature is, the faster the seedlings grow, but when the temperature exceeds 35 ℃, the too fast growth speed of the seedlings can cause the reduction of the quality of the seedlings and easily cause high humidity (the relative humidity is more than 85 percent) to cause rice leaf blast, so the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled below 35 ℃, the relative humidity is controlled below 85 percent, attention is paid to preventing and treating the rice damping-off, and the central disease plant is found to be prevented and treated in time.
S64, preparation period before transplanting
Applying 140 g of diammonium phosphate to the seedbed every 100 square meters for 2-3 days from 3.1-3.5 leaves, and spraying a small amount of water to make the fertilizer adhere to the seedbed; 1 g/mu of natural brassin;
after the preparation period before transplanting is finished, seedlings which can be transplanted to a field are obtained.
Example 7:
the seedling raising method for raising fragrant rice seeds by using the seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and the yield of fragrant rice in the embodiment 2 comprises the following steps:
s1, sun-planting the fragrant rice seeds for 1d in sunny days;
s2, soaking the sun-cured fragrant rice seeds for 26 hours by adopting a sterilizing agent, and then cleaning;
s3, spreading and airing the fragrant rice seeds treated in the step S2 indoors at the temperature of 32 ℃, and preserving moisture for accelerating germination for 4 hours;
s4, paying attention to the damage of late spring coldness to seedlings, sowing when the daily average temperature stably reaches more than 12 ℃, paying attention to the damage of high temperature in the ear differentiation and heading flowering period, and keeping the sowing period from being too late; the sowing method specifically comprises the following steps:
s41, padding a layer of seedling raising substrate of 3cm on the seedling tray; sprinkling water on the seedling raising matrix, wherein the sprinkling amount is suitable for preventing the seedling raising matrix from dripping water;
s42, sowing the seeds after moisture preservation and germination acceleration on a seedling raising substrate;
adopting a 9-inch hard disk as a seedling tray, wherein the internal diameter specification is 58 cm multiplied by 28 cm multiplied by 2.8 cm, the seeding rate of the conventional fragrant rice of double cropping rice is 150 g/tray, and the seeding rate of the conventional rice of single cropping rice is 120 g/tray; before sowing, the maintenance work of the sowing machine is needed, the sowing device is adjusted according to the sowing quantity, and meanwhile, the sowing uniformity is adjusted to perform sowing;
s43, finally covering a layer of seedling raising substrate on the seeds, wherein the thickness of the seedling raising substrate is 3 mm;
s5, placing the sown seedling tray in a germination accelerating chamber for accelerating germination, accelerating germination in a dark environment at the temperature of 20-25 ℃, and ending the accelerating germination until the germination length of the seeds is 8-12mm and the germination rate of the seeds reaches more than 90%;
s6, moving the seedling tray to a greenhouse for tray arrangement and seedling emergence management; when the seedling tray is placed, the seedling tray is required to be placed horizontally and vertically, the tray is tightly connected with the tray, and the side tray is tightly extruded by fine soil;
s6, seedling management, including four key periods: a seed root development period, a first complete leaf elongation period, a milk leaving period and a preparation period before transplantation:
s61, the development period of the seed root,
the time from sowing to the first leaf tip exposure is 3-5 days, and the seed root cultivation is mainly used in the period, and the root system is required to be thick, long, numerous in fibrous root and numerous in root hair. The principle that the root is raised first in seedling raising and the seed root is raised first in root raising is highlighted. The management key point is temperature control, the temperature in the greenhouse is required to be controlled to be less than or equal to 32 ℃, and when the temperature is higher than 32 ℃, the greenhouse is ventilated; no watering is generally carried out at this stage;
s62 first full leaf elongation stage
From seedling emergence to the first complete leaf development, the time is 5-7 days, the management key points are that the height of the first leaf sheath is controlled to be less than or equal to 3cm by the overground part, and 5 root systems of the sheath leaf nodes which extend with the first leaf are promoted by the underground part; the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 22-25 ℃ in the period; when the temperature is higher than 28 ℃, opening a greenhouse film of the greenhouse in time for ventilation and seedling hardening; the water management generally requires little watering or no watering except for water replenishing at the seedling bed overdrying position, so that the seedling bed is kept in a dry breeding state; attention was paid to the "three-glance" watering principle during the first full leaf elongation stage: the growth conditions of the soil surface (seedling raising matrix) and the root system are judged at one time, and the sizes of water drops spitted by the leaf tips in the early and late days are judged at the other time; and thirdly, if the new leaves curl at high temperature in the noon, if the bed soil turns white, the water spraying beads become small in the morning and evening or the new leaves curl in the noon, watering the new leaves with water with the temperature more than or equal to 16 ℃ at 7-9 points in the morning of the next day, and watering the new leaves sufficiently for one time.
S63, weaning period
The leaf tip of the second leaf is exposed to the third leaf, the time is 10-14 days, the management key point is that the underground part promotes the robust growth of 8 incomplete leaf nodes, the leaf ear distance between the first leaf and the second leaf and the leaf ear distance between the second leaf and the third leaf are controlled to be 1 cm respectively, and the stem leaf overgrowth is prevented. The key points are that the temperature and the moisture are controlled, the temperature of the shed is controlled between 20 ℃ and 25 ℃, the seedling is trained in a large ventilation way in the period, and the seedling is trained in a ventilation way in rainy days when the humidity in the shed is high.
Adopting a moisture management measure of dry-wet alternation from the 1-leaf stage to the 3-leaf stage, and preferably keeping half drought of a seedling raising substrate in a seedling tray so as to achieve the purposes of regulating air, fertilizer and humidity by water and protecting seedlings by water;
the higher the seedling raising temperature is, the faster the seedlings grow, but when the temperature exceeds 35 ℃, the too fast growth speed of the seedlings can cause the reduction of the quality of the seedlings and easily cause high humidity (the relative humidity is more than 85 percent) to cause rice leaf blast, so the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled below 35 ℃, the relative humidity is controlled below 85 percent, attention is paid to preventing and treating the rice damping-off, and the central disease plant is found to be prevented and treated in time.
S64, preparation period before transplanting
Applying 150 g of diammonium phosphate to the seedbed per 100 square meters for 2-3 days from 3.1-3.5 leaves, and spraying a small amount of water to make the fertilizer adhere to the seedbed; 1.2 g of natural brassin per mu;
after the preparation period before transplanting is finished, seedlings which can be transplanted to a field are obtained.
Example 8:
the seedling raising method for raising fragrant rice seeds by using the seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and yield of fragrant rice in the embodiment 3 comprises the following steps:
s1, sun-planting the fragrant rice seeds for 2d in sunny days;
s2, soaking the sun-cured fragrant rice seeds for 20 hours by adopting a sterilizing agent, and then cleaning;
s3, spreading and airing the fragrant rice seeds treated in the step S2 indoors at the temperature of 28 ℃, and moisturizing and accelerating germination for 6 hours;
s4, paying attention to the harm of late spring coldness to seedlings, sowing when the daily average temperature stably reaches above 12 ℃, paying attention to avoid the harm of high temperature in the ear differentiation and heading flowering period, and not sowing too late; the sowing method specifically comprises the following steps:
s41, laying a layer of seedling raising matrix of 2cm on the seedling tray; sprinkling water on the seedling raising matrix, wherein the sprinkling amount is suitable for preventing the seedling raising matrix from dripping;
s42, sowing the seeds subjected to moisture preservation and germination acceleration on a seedling raising substrate;
adopting a 9-inch hard disk as a seedling tray, wherein the internal diameter specification is 58 cm multiplied by 28 cm multiplied by 2.8 cm, the seeding rate of the conventional fragrant rice of double cropping rice is 100 g/tray, and the seeding rate of the conventional rice of single cropping rice is 90 g/tray; before sowing, the maintenance work of the sowing machine is needed, the sowing device is adjusted according to the sowing quantity, and meanwhile, the sowing uniformity is adjusted to perform sowing;
s43, finally covering a layer of seedling raising substrate on the seeds, wherein the thickness of the seedling raising substrate is 2-3 mm;
s5, placing the sowed seedling tray in a germination accelerating chamber for accelerating germination, accelerating germination in a dark environment at 20-25 ℃, and ending the accelerating germination until the germination length of the seeds is 8-12mm and the germination rate of the seeds reaches over 90%;
s6, moving the seedling tray to a greenhouse for tray arrangement and seedling emergence management; when the seedling tray is placed, the seedling tray is required to be placed horizontally and vertically, the tray is tightly connected with the tray, and the side tray is tightly extruded by fine soil;
s6, seedling management, including four key periods: a seed root development period, a first complete leaf elongation period, a milk leaving period and a preparation period before transplantation:
s61, the growth period of the seed root,
the time from sowing to the first leaf tip exposure is 3-5 days, and the seed root cultivation is mainly used in the period, and the root system is required to be thick, long, numerous in fibrous root and numerous in root hair. The principle that the root is raised first in seedling raising and the seed root is raised first in root raising is highlighted. The management is mainly temperature control, the temperature in the greenhouse is required to be controlled to be less than or equal to 32 ℃, and when the temperature is higher than 32 ℃, the greenhouse is ventilated; no watering is generally carried out at this stage;
s62 first full leaf elongation stage
From seedling emergence to the first complete leaf development, the time is 5-7 days, the management key points are that the height of the first leaf sheath is controlled to be less than or equal to 3cm by the overground part, and 5 root systems of the sheath leaf nodes which extend with the first leaf are promoted by the underground part; the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 22-25 ℃ in the period; when the temperature is higher than 28 ℃, opening a greenhouse film of the greenhouse in time for ventilation and seedling hardening; the water management generally uses little watering or no watering except for water supplement at the position where the seedbed is too dry, so that the seedbed is kept in a dry breeding state; attention was paid to the "three-glance" watering principle during the first full leaf elongation stage: the growth conditions of the soil surface (seedling raising matrix) and the root system are judged at one time, and the sizes of water drops spitted by the leaf tips in the early and late days are judged at the other time; and thirdly, if the new leaves curl at high temperature in the noon, if the bed soil turns white, the water spraying beads become small in the morning and evening or the new leaves curl in the noon, watering the new leaves with water with the temperature more than or equal to 16 ℃ at 7-9 points in the morning of the next day, and watering the new leaves sufficiently for one time.
S63, weaning period
The leaf tip of the second leaf is exposed to the third leaf, the time is 10-14 days, the management key points are that the underground part promotes the robust growth of 8 root systems of incomplete leaf nodes, the overground part controls the leaf-ear distance of the first leaf and the second leaf and the leaf-ear distance of the second leaf and the third leaf to be 1 cm respectively, and the excessive growth of stems and leaves is prevented. The key points are that the temperature and the moisture are controlled, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled between 20 ℃ and 25 ℃, the seedling is trained in a large ventilation mode in the period, and the seedling is trained in a ventilation mode in rainy days when the humidity in the greenhouse is high.
Adopting a moisture management measure of dry-wet alternation from the 1-leaf stage to the 3-leaf stage, and preferably keeping half drought of a seedling raising substrate in a seedling tray so as to achieve the purposes of regulating air, fertilizer and humidity by water and protecting seedlings by water;
the higher the seedling raising temperature is, the faster the seedlings grow, but when the temperature exceeds 35 ℃, the too fast growth speed of the seedlings can cause the reduction of the quality of the seedlings and easily cause high humidity (the relative humidity is more than 85 percent) to cause rice leaf blast, so the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled below 35 ℃, the relative humidity is controlled below 85 percent, attention is paid to preventing and treating the rice damping-off, and the central disease plant is found to be prevented and treated in time.
S64, preparation period before transplanting
Applying 125 g of diammonium phosphate to the seedbed per 100 square meters for 2-3 days from 3.1-3.5 leaves, and spraying a small amount of water to make the fertilizer adhere to the seedbed; natural brassin 0.8 g/mu;
after the preparation period before transplanting is finished, seedlings which can be transplanted to a field are obtained.
Example 9:
the seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and the yield of the scented rice in the embodiment 4 is applied to raise seedlings of scented rice seeds, and the seedling raising method is the same as the embodiment 6, so that seedlings capable of being transplanted to a field are obtained.
Example 10:
the seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and the yield of the scented rice in the embodiment 5 is applied to raise seedlings of scented rice seeds, and the seedling raising method is the same as that in the embodiment 6, so that seedlings capable of being transplanted to a field are obtained.
Third, comparative example
Comparative example 1:
the seedlings of the fragrant rice seeds are raised by using red loam as a seedling raising substrate, and the seedling raising method is the same as the embodiment 6, so that seedlings which can be transplanted to a field are obtained.
Comparative example 2:
the seedling raising substrate applied in the comparative example comprises a soil-mixed seedling raising substrate and a seedling strengthening agent; the soil-mixed seedling raising substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of Banna Wangcang seedling raising substrate; 65 parts of red loam; the seedling strengthening agent comprises a bactericide and a nutritional supplement; according to the weight of the soil-mixed seedling raising matrix, 500mg/kg of bactericide is added, and 2.5mg/kg of zinc sulfate is added; the preparation method comprises mixing the soil-mixed seedling raising matrix and seedling strengthening agent uniformly according to a ratio; in this comparative example, potassium dihydrogen phosphate was not added to the seedling substrate (i.e., compared with the seedling substrate of example 1, no starter phosphorus was added).
The seedling raising substrate is applied to raise seedlings of fragrant rice seeds, and the seedling raising method is the same as that in the embodiment 6, so that seedlings capable of being transplanted to a field are obtained.
Fourth, example of experiment
1. Seedlings obtained by raising seedlings in examples 6 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were analyzed to compare the influence of different treatments of the seedling raising medium on the quality of seedlings of yunnan 502 rice.
1) The rice seedling quality determination project refers to a test method for mechanical rice transplanting of 2003 rice in GB-T6243-. The seedling emergence time, the seedling emergence rate and the plant height of the rice seedlings are observed and recorded in the whole seedling raising process.
(1) And (3) determination of emergence rate: when rice seedlings emerge for 5 days, a sample with the area of 5cm multiplied by 5cm is adopted, the number of the seedlings emerging at 4 points is randomly measured in a seedling tray, and the average number is taken. The emergence rate is the number of seeds emerging at a point ÷ the total number of seeds at a point × 100%.
(2) Investigation of rice seedling quality: sampling and measuring after 20 days of rice seedling raising, sampling from the seedling raising treatment by adopting a 10cm multiplied by 10cm sample, measuring the number of seedlings per unit area, washing the root matrix of the sample by using water, and carrying back to a laboratory for seedling quality investigation. Selecting 20 representative seedlings from the samples, measuring the shape indexes of the height (ruler) of the seedlings, the width (vernier caliper) of the stem base parts, the length (ruler) of the leaves, the age of the leaves and the like, then dividing the samples into two parts of the overground part and the root system to measure the fresh weight, deactivating enzymes in a drying oven at 105 ℃ for 30min, drying to constant weight at 60 ℃, measuring the dry matter weight of the overground part and the root system, grinding and sieving by a sieve of 0.5mm for later use.
Strong seedling index (stem thickness/height + underground dry weight/above-ground dry weight) x dry weight of a single plant;
root-crown ratio (dry underground/dry above ground);
g value (rate of dry matter accumulation) is total plant dry weight/days of nursery.
(3) Rice seedling SPAD value determination: the SPAD value of the leaves was determined rapidly by a chlorophyll meter.
(4) Root system index determination: sampling and measuring after 20 days of rice seedling raising, sampling in a 10cm multiplied by 10cm sample from seedling raising treatment, washing a root matrix of the sample by water, selecting 20 representative seedlings from the sampled samples, measuring the main root length by a ruler, counting the total root number, putting the root system into a 10ml measuring cylinder, compacting, and measuring the total volume of the root system, the average diameter of the main root system and other data. The root activity is measured by TTC method.
(5) Seedling root system coiling force: randomly selecting 5 points for each tray of seedlings 1d before transplanting, selecting continuous 3 seedlings for each point, respectively binding the seedlings by using a string, vertically lifting the seedlings upwards by using a spring scale until the seedlings are separated from a seedling block, wherein the maximum reading of the spring scale is the root system coiling force numerical value of the 3 seedlings.
2) The measurement results are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 seedling quality results
| Height of plant in cm | Thick stem, mm | spad value | Root-crown ratio | |
| Comparative example 1 | 17 | 1.6 | 24 | 0.9 |
| Comparative example 2 | 24 | 2.0 | 26 | 1.0 |
| Example 6 | 22 | 2.2 | 28 | 1.1 |
| Example 7 | 22.5 | 2.2 | 28 | 1.1 |
| Example 8 | 21.5 | 2.3 | 28 | 1.2 |
| Example 9 | 22 | 2.2 | 29 | 1.2 |
| Example 10 | 22.5 | 2.2 | 28.5 | 1.1 |
As can be seen from table 1, from the results of seedling cultivation, examples 6 to 10 of the present invention showed significant advantages in seedling quality compared to conventional seedling cultivation, and the added seedling-strengthening agent (phosphorus starter) showed an inhibitory effect on the plant height of the seedlings, wherein the plant heights of examples 6 to 10 were all decreased by at least 5% compared to comparative example 1 without the addition of the seedling-strengthening agent; while for seedling stem thickness, the added seedling strengthening agent (phosphorus starter) showed an increase in stem thickness, with examples 6-10 increased by at least 7 percentage points compared to comparative example 1; the added seedling strengthening agent (starting phosphorus) also shows that the spad value of the seedling leaves is increased, shows that the chlorophyll content of the seedling leaves is increased, is beneficial to promoting the leaf photosynthesis and further promotes the growth and development of the seedlings; from the data of the root-crown ratio of the seedlings, the seedling strengthening agent (starting phosphorus) is added, so that the root system growth of the seedlings is facilitated, the rooting capability is strong, the growth of main roots is promoted to be robust, and the seedlings are obviously dwarfed and strong, so that the survival rate is improved, the seedling rejuvenation period of the seedlings can be shortened, the tillering is accelerated, the growth of excessive capillary roots can be inhibited, the number of the capillary roots is relatively small, and the condition that the roots are damaged by mechanical transplanting can be effectively reduced.
2. Seedlings obtained by raising seedlings in examples 6 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were transplanted to a field and subjected to a field plot test.
1) Transplanting and field management method
Seedling lifting and transplanting:
when lifting seedlings, firstly, slowly breaking a small amount of root systems penetrating through the seepage holes at the bottom of the tray, lifting the seedlings together with the tray, then flatly placing the seedlings, and carefully rolling and releasing the seedlings from the tray. The seedlings are immediately unloaded and laid flat after being transported to the field, so that the seedlings are naturally unfolded and can be transported and planted. In addition, the mechanical transplanting cost ratio is high, and the area ratio of seedling raising to field can reach 1: 100, so that the pesticide prevention and control work is carried out once before the mechanical transplanting, the seedling is transplanted with pesticide mechanically, and a better disease and pest prevention and control effect can be achieved.
When the seedlings are transplanted into a field, planting 2 seedlings in each hole according to the plant spacing of 13.3cm, the row spacing of 30cm and 25 ten thousand holes/hectare, and transplanting basic seedlings of 25 ten thousand seedlings/hectare; each comparative example and example was performed in triplicate, dividing a total of 21 experimental cells, each randomly distributed.
② field management
After the seedlings are transplanted to a field, carrying out field management on 21 experimental communities according to the same field management method; for example, the fertilization time, fertilization type, fertilization amount, water management, insect pest management and the like are the same until the rice is mature. The addition amounts of the field test fertilizers are shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2 addition of fertilizer for field test
2) And analyzing the influence of different seedling raising matrix treatments on the output of Yunnan Tun 502 rice:
through yield structure analysis, after seedlings obtained by seedling raising in examples 6-10 and comparative examples 1-2 are transplanted to a field to be mature, the number of grains per spike, the thousand-grain weight and the maturing rate of the seedlings have no significant difference, the number of the grains per mu greatly influences the yield, and the yield analysis result is specifically shown in the following table 3:
TABLE 3 results of yield analysis
| Ear number per mu | Yield, kg/mu | Increase of yield | |
| Comparative example 1 | 271668 | 576.45 | |
| Comparative example 2 | 299668 | 664.68 | 15.31％ |
| Example 6 | 311002 | 691.59 | 19.97％ |
| Example 7 | 311058 | 695.69 | 20.69％ |
| Example 8 | 311023 | 693.23 | 20.26％ |
| Example 9 | 311152 | 699.78 | 21.39％ |
| Example 10 | 311109 | 697.45 | 20.99％ |
As can be seen from Table 3, the seedling raising substrates of comparative example 2 and examples 6-10 can effectively improve the effective spike number per mu, the spike number per mu treated by the seedling raising of comparative example 1 is only 271668 spikes/mu, while the spike number treated by the composite mechanical seedling raising comparative example 2 reaches 299668 spikes/mu, and the effective spike number per mu treated by the seedling raising of examples 6-10 at least reaches 310988 spikes/mu.
3) And analyzing the influence of different seedling raising substrate treatments on the processing quality and the nutritional quality of Yunnan 502 rice.
And (3) measuring the quality of the rice, namely after the rice is harvested, placing the rice to be measured in a dry and ventilated place for about 30 days, and analyzing the quality of the rice when the water content of the rice is 13-15%.
(1) Quality of processing and milling
Determination of milling quality in rice processing: weighing a rice sample as P0, putting the rice into a brown rice machine, removing glume chaff, weighing the obtained brown rice as P1, wherein the brown rice rate is calculated as: the brown rice ratio (%) (P1/P0X 100%)
A certain amount of brown rice P2(20g) is taken out of the heavy brown rice P1, the brown rice P2 is processed and milled by a KETT rice mill and a rice polisher, the precision is required to reach the degree of removing rice peels, the weight is recorded as P3 after removing bran powder, and the whole refined rice is picked out by an electric screening method or a manual selection method from the refined rice from which the bran powder is removed and weighed as P4. The polished rice rate and the polished rice rate are calculated according to the following formula:
the polished rice rate (%) -. roughness P3/P2 x 100%;
the polished rice rate (%). P4/P2X 100%.
(2) Quality of cooking
The amylose content and protein content indicators were determined using a VECTOR 22/N near infrared spectrometer.
(3) Nutritional quality
Fatty acid value: fatty acid number was determined according to GB/T15684-1995 cereal fatty acid assay.
(4) Taste value: the taste value index is measured by VECTOR 22/N near infrared spectrometer.
TABLE 4 influence of the processing quality and the nutritional quality of the Rice
As can be seen from table 4, by observing the moisture, rice yield, polished rice yield, taste value, protein, amylose, fatty acid and other indicators of each treated rice, it was found that the moisture, rice yield, polished rice yield and taste value of rice were not significantly different. The nutrient components are found to be remarkably different in the content of protein amylose and the content of fatty acid:
the protein content and the amylose content are important indexes influencing the taste of the rice, the lower the rice protein content is in a certain range, the better the taste of the rice is, and the opposite is realized by the amylose. Compared with the rice seedling raising treatment of the comparative example 1, the protein content of the rice treated by the comparative example 2 is increased by 0.24 percentage point, while the protein content of the rice treated by the example 6 is reduced by 0.34 percentage point compared with the rice seedling raising treatment of the comparative example 2, which shows that the rice seedling raising matrix of the comparative example 2 can increase the protein content of the rice, and the protein content of the rice can be reduced by adding the startup phosphorus, so that the taste of the rice is better; the other examples have the same tendency as example 6;
the content of amylose is opposite to that of protein, compared with the seedling raising treatment of the comparative example 1, the content of amylose in the treated rice of the comparative example 2 is reduced by 0.25 percent, and compared with the seedling raising treatment of the comparative example 2, the content of amylose in the rice of the seedling raising treatment of the example 6 is increased by 0.25 percent, which shows that although the seedling raising of the comparative example 2 reduces the content of amylose in the rice, the addition of the startup phosphorus can increase the content of amylose in the rice, thereby compensating the taste influenced by the aspect; the other examples have the same tendency as example 6;
③ in the aspect of fatty acid content of the paddy, compared with the seedling raising treatment of the comparative example 1, the fatty acid content of the paddy raised in the comparative example 2 is increased by 0.35 percent, and the fatty acid content of the paddy raised in the example 6 is increased by 3.59 percent, which are obvious differences; other examples have the same tendency as example 6.
Claims (10)
1. A seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and the yield of fragrant rice is characterized by comprising a soil-mixed seedling raising substrate and a seedling strengthening agent; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the soil-mixed seedling raising substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of seedling raising substrate material; 60-70 parts of red loam;
the seedling strengthening agent comprises a bactericide, a nutritional supplement and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; according to the weight of the soil-mixed seedling raising matrix, the bactericide is added at 400-600mg/kg, the zinc sulfate is added at 2-3mg/kg, and the monopotassium phosphate is added at 10-15 mg/kg.
2. The seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and the yield of fragrant rice according to claim 1, characterized in that the soil-mixed seedling raising substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32-38 parts of seedling raising substrate material; 62-68 parts of red loam.
3. The seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and the yield of the scented rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil-mixed seedling raising substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of seedling raising substrate material; 65 parts of red loam.
4. A seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and yield of fragrant rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the seedling strengthening agent, according to the weight of the soil-mixed seedling raising substrate, the bactericide is added at 480mg/kg, the zinc sulfate is added at 2.2-2.8mg/kg, and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added at 12-14 mg/kg.
5. A seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and yield of fragrant rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the seedling strengthening agent, according to the weight of the soil-mixed seedling raising substrate, 500mg/kg of bactericide is added, 2.5mg/kg of zinc sulfate is added, and 12.5mg/kg of monopotassium phosphate is added.
6. The method for preparing the seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and the yield of the scented rice according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the seedling raising substrate mixed with soil and the seedling strengthening agent are uniformly mixed according to the proportion to obtain a finished seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and the yield of the scented rice.
7. A seedling raising method is characterized in that the seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and the yield of fragrant rice seeds, which is disclosed by any one of claims 1 to 5, is used for raising fragrant rice seeds, and comprises the following steps:
s1, sun-planting the fragrant rice seeds for 1-2 days in sunny days;
s2, soaking the sun-cured fragrant rice seeds for 20-26h by adopting a sterilizing agent, and then cleaning;
s3, airing the fragrant rice seeds treated in the step S2 indoors at the temperature of 28-32 ℃, preserving moisture and accelerating germination for 4-6 hours;
s4, sowing when the daily average temperature stably reaches more than 12 ℃, specifically comprising the following steps:
s41, a layer of seedling raising matrix is padded on the seedling tray; sprinkling water on the seedling raising substrate;
s42, sowing the seeds subjected to moisture preservation and germination acceleration on a seedling raising substrate;
s43, finally covering the seedling raising substrate on the seeds;
s5, placing the seedling tray after seeding in a germination accelerating chamber for accelerating germination, accelerating germination in a dark environment at the temperature of 10-40 ℃ until the germination length of the seeds is 8-12mm, and finishing the accelerating germination;
s6, moving the seedling tray to a greenhouse for tray arrangement and seedling emergence management;
s6, seedling management, including four key periods: the growth stage of seed root, the first complete leaf elongation stage, the milk leaving stage and the preparation stage before transplantation
S61, the development period of the seed root,
controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be less than or equal to 32 ℃ from sowing to exposing the tip of the first leaf for 3-5 days, and ventilating the greenhouse when the temperature is greater than 32 ℃;
s62 first full leaf elongation stage
From seedling emergence to the first complete leaf unfolding for 5-7 days, controlling the height of the first leaf sheath at the overground part to be less than or equal to 3cm, and promoting 5 root systems of sheath leaf nodes which extend with the first leaf at the underground part; controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 22-28 ℃, and opening a greenhouse film of the greenhouse in time for ventilation and seedling hardening; when the soil of the seedling raising matrix bed on the seedling tray turns white, the water drops at the leaf tips become small in the morning and evening or new leaves curl at high temperature in the noon, water with the temperature more than or equal to 16 ℃ is used for irrigating at 7-9 points in the morning the next day.
S63, weaning period
Spreading from the second leaf to the third leaf for 10-14 days, controlling the temperature of the greenhouse at 20-25 deg.C, ventilating to train seedling, and opening the film of the greenhouse to ventilate to train seedling in rainy days when the humidity in the greenhouse is high; adopting water management measures of dry-wet alternation from 1 leaf period to 3 leaf period, and keeping half drought of seedling raising matrix in a seedling tray;
s64, preparation period before transplanting
From 3.1 to 3.5 leaves for 2 to 3 days, applying 150 g of diammonium phosphate and 125-plus-one per 100 square meters of seedbed, and spraying a small amount of water to make the fertilizer adhere to the seedbed; natural brassin 0.8-1.2 g/mu.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein in step S41, the thickness of the seedling raising substrate on the seedling tray is 2-3 cm; in the step S43, the thickness of the seedling raising substrate covering the seeds is 2-3 cm.
9. The method for preparing a seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and yield of scented rice as claimed in claim 7, wherein the step S5 is performed at a temperature of 30-32 ℃.
10. The method for preparing seedling raising substrate for improving quality and yield of scented rice as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the step S62, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 22-25 ℃ during the first complete leaf elongation period.
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