CN107509526B - 60 cm small-ridge double-row single-grain equidistant planting method for peanuts and special double-row single-grain seeder - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a peanut small-ridge double-row single-grain equidistant planting method and a special double-row single-grain seeder. The planting method comprises the following steps of land selection, seed sowing pretreatment, sowing, fertilization, herbicide spraying, peanut kernel cleaning, intertillage, foliar fertilizer and bactericide spraying, timely watering in case of drought, harvesting and airing. The existing double-grain or multi-grain sowing is changed into single-grain sowing, so that the effects of saving cost, increasing yield and increasing income are achieved. The planting method is small-ridge double-row planting, does not change the width of the existing planting ridge, is more easily accepted by farmers, and improves the land utilization rate. The furrow opener is additionally provided with a soil separating and retaining plate and a soil separating and positioning plate, and the seed metering device is additionally provided with a double-seedling-hole seed limiting device. The seeder ensures that the planting distance and the row distance of the peanut seeds after falling to the seed bed are accurate. The double-seeding-hole seed limiting device shortens the seed throwing height of the seeder, enables peanut seeds to accurately fall on a seed bed, and reduces the bounce and the rolling of the seeds after falling to the ground caused by the inertia of the mechanical advancing speed.

Description

60 cm small-ridge double-row single-grain equidistant planting method for peanuts and special double-row single-grain seeder

Technical Field

The invention relates to a peanut planting method and a peanut seeder, in particular to a small-ridge double-row single-grain equidistant planting method for peanuts and a special double-row single-grain seeder.

Background

The peanut has high nutritive value and is rich in fat and protein. Especially contains amino acids essential to human body, and has effects of promoting brain cell development and enhancing memory. Also called as "Changshengguo", has the functions of nourishing, tonifying and prolonging life. The peanut oil belongs to non-drying oil, has light yellow color and luster, good transparency and delicate fragrance, and is excellent cooking oil.

At present, the following problems exist in the northeast China planting of peanuts, which cause low peanut yield. Firstly, under the inspiration of large-ridge (85-90 cm) double-row film-coated mechanical planting of peanuts in Shandong and other places, big-ridge double-row film-coated planting of peanuts is promoted in 2004, as the wheel pitches of four agricultural wheels in double Liao and northeast regions are both 1.2 m, few four agricultural wheels with variable distances are available, the problem that the four agricultural wheels are not matched with a seeder is caused, the big-ridge double-row ridge distance is too wide and reaches 1.1-1.2 m, in autumn in the same year, people and Shandong flatness peanut experts seek field investigation in Shunshun village in Hongqi town in double Liao city, Luhua No. 11 film-coated big peanut variety is planted, the ridge distance is 85 centimeters, land measure equal to fifteen mu in most parts of the Northeast seedling-protected 12900, land measure equal to fifteen mu in most parts of the Northeast jin is produced, the ridge distance is 120 centimeters, land measure equal to fifteen mu in most parts of the Northeast seedling-protected 5100 holes, land measure equal to fifteen mu in most parts of the Northeast production 1165 jin is produced, and the yield is increased by 128% … …. The mulching film of the coated peanut is easy to damage due to the fact that the number of plants in a unit area is small, the yield is low, wind sand in western areas of Liaoning and our province is large. In addition, northeast farmers always adopt a small-ridge (60 cm) planting mode, so that the large-ridge double-row mulching mechanical seeding technology for peanuts cannot be popularized in a large area. Secondly, the existing farmers for planting peanuts intertillage all form pointed ridges along the ridge mounds to ensure that part of the peanut needles can not penetrate into the soil, the peanut needles can only hang on the ridge sides and can not bear fruits to form no effect, thus causing serious yield reduction. Peanuts have a "no light and flower (blossom) and no light and fruit (no fruit) expression" because the needles can enlarge the fruits only after they penetrate into the soil in the dark, but can not produce the fruits in the light. The peanut needles can only penetrate into the soil on the flat ridge surface for fruiting, the peanut needles on the lower part of peanut plants penetrate into the soil firstly, and then penetrate into the soil after the peanut needles on the high nodes, but the peanut needles which penetrate into the soil must be in the same horizontal plane for fruiting, so that a flat ridge surface is needed, and once the peanut needles penetrate into the soil on the ridge platform, the ridge surface is uneven, and partial peanut needles cannot penetrate into the soil for fruiting, so that the yield is reduced. Thirdly, the existing peanut planting mostly adopts double-grain and multi-grain seeding, which wastes seeds and is not drought-enduring and has low yield. Fourthly, the seedbed furrow opener of the existing peanut seeder is a simple double-disc furrow opener, the original disc type seeder furrow opener can not mechanically treat the seedbed with the middle width of 100mm of the double-seedling-hole seedbed, the shape of the soil on the surface of the seedbed is uneven, the soil density is small and not solid, the soil quality of the seedbed is soft and soil is not beneficial to the germination of peanut seeds and the expansion and development of root systems, thereby influencing the germination, root pricking and fruit of the peanut seeds and influencing the increase of the peanut yield. Fifthly, the existing peanut seeder has a high distance from the seed discharging port to the peanut seed bed, and is easily affected by the inertia inconsistency of the discharged seeds and the gradient of the land caused by the change of the advancing speed of the machine in the advancing process, so that the position of the seeds after falling on the seed bed is inaccurate, the density of the seeds is uneven, and the increase of the peanut yield is affected.

A method for planting small-ridge peanuts and a seeder suitable for the method are urgently needed at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a small-ridge double-row single-grain equidistant planting method for peanuts and a special double-row single-grain seeder, wherein the single-grain small-ridge double-row planting method has the advantages of improving the land utilization rate, saving cost and efficiency, saving seeds, and having high yield and wide adaptability; the seeding machine compacts and levels the seedling eyes before seeding, can shorten the seed throwing height of the seeding machine, enables peanut seeds to accurately fall on a seed bed, and reduces the phenomenon of uneven seed secret caused by bouncing and rolling of the seeds after falling to the ground due to the inertia of the mechanical advancing speed.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the small-ridge double-row single-grain equidistant planting method for peanuts comprises the following steps,

(1) selecting the land

(2) Selecting seeds

(3) Treatment before seed sowing

(4) Seeding and sowing

(5) Fertilizing

(6) Spraying herbicide

(7) Peanut cleaning

(8) Cultivating and cultivating

(9) Spraying foliage fertilizer and bactericide

(10) Timely watering in case of drought

(11) Harvesting and airing.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the peanut planting method changes the existing double-grain or multi-grain sowing into single-grain sowing, and achieves the effects of saving cost, increasing yield and increasing income. In addition, the planting method is small-ridge double-row planting, the width of the existing planting ridge is not changed, farmers can accept the planting method more easily, and the land utilization rate is improved.

2. The application has the advantages of reducing water consumption by single-seed sowing and good drought resistance. Under the conditions of drought and no-water irrigation, the yield increasing effect of single-grain sowing is obvious compared with double-grain sowing because single plants are more drought-enduring than double plants. The number of fruits of a single plant is more than that of fruits of double plants, and the yield increasing effect is obvious.

3. Saving cost and improving efficiency, and saving seeds: because all peanut varieties have self-regulation capacity, branches are obviously increased under the condition of single-seed sowing, and the single-seed double-row sowing creates good growth conditions such as land, light energy, water, fertilizer, gas and heat for peanut plants. The branches of the peanuts are increased, the peanuts can quickly occupy the surrounding open space, for example, the peanut variety No. 2 double-English has the small row spacing of 15-18 cm on a 60 cm ridge under the condition of small-ridge double-row seeding, creeping growth is selected after the peanut variety has emerged at the row spacing of 13 cm, the peanut variety turns to vertical growth after occupying the surrounding ground, and if the peanut variety lacks the seedling plants, the surrounding peanut plants continue to extend until the ground surface is completely covered. Therefore, farmers have the 'seven-best-eight-nonstick' theory for the lack of seedlings of peanuts, for example, the number of Biying No. 2 branches only 7-8 branches under the conditions of two plants and multiple plants, while the number of branches increases to 12-13 branches under the condition of single plant, the number of branches can reach 15-16, the branches are multiple, the flowers are multiple, the fruits are multiple, and the yield is high. In 7-month middle ten days in 2017, a university of Wanghua university of Qingdao agriculture university, Wangzhining university of Qingdao, a chief expert in northeast China area of the national peanut industry and a university researcher of peanuts of Jilin province are examined in a demonstration base of 60-centimeter double-row single-seed sowing in double Liaoying double-English No. 2, wherein the university of Wangzhining indicates that 320 jin of kernels are sown in double-English No. 2, about 800 jin are sown in each jin, 25.6 thousand of theoretical land measure equal to fifteen mu in most parts of the Northeast seedlings are preserved, 10% of non-emergence factors are deducted, 22.5 thousand of actual land measure equal to fifteen mu in most parts of the Northeast preserved seedlings are enough (1.5 thousand of seedlings per mu), 380-400 jin are sown in a 60-centimeter ridge traditional sowing mode, more 450-500 jin of sowing amount can be achieved, and the density and the yield are low.

4. Ploughing and boring the land by using a small ploughshare. A small ploughshare is used for intertillage to keep a flat ridge surface which is not covered by soil on ridge platforms and is full of fruit needles to enter the soil, so that the improvement of light energy and land utilization rate is facilitated, the advantages of single peanut plant fruiting and colony yield increase are fully exerted, and the yield increase of peanuts is facilitated. Because peanuts have the saying that "no light and no flower (blossom) and no fruit (no fruit) exist", the fruit needles can enlarge the fruits under the dark condition only after being buried in the soil, and can not fruit under the light condition. The peanut needles can only penetrate into the soil on the flat ridge surface for fruiting, the peanut needles on the lower part of peanut plants penetrate into the soil firstly, and then penetrate into the soil after the peanut needles on the high nodes, but the peanut needles which penetrate into the soil must be in the same horizontal plane for fruiting, so that a flat ridge surface is needed, and once the peanut needles penetrate into the soil on the ridge platform, the ridge surface is uneven, and partial peanut needles cannot penetrate into the soil for fruiting, so that the yield is reduced.

5. High output and wide adaptability. Is suitable for all northern small-grain peanut varieties, not only for varieties with more branches such as Shuangying No. 2, but also for varieties with less branches such as Tang oil No. 4 and other different varieties. The method is characterized in that the method is used for planting varieties with more branches and varieties with less branches by adjusting different sowing amounts, for example, the number of branches of Shuangying No. 2 is more, the plant spacing can reach 13 cm, the sowing amount of land measure equal to fifteen mu in most parts of the Northeast is 320 jin of kernels, for the varieties with less branches, such as number 4 Tang oil, the plant spacing can be adjusted to 10-12 cm, and the sowing amount of land measure equal to fifteen mu in most parts of the Northeast is 350-360 jin of kernels. The yield of land measure equal to fifteen mu in most parts of the Northeast actually harvested in autumn can reach more than 8000 jin, and the yield of land can reach more than ten thousand jin.

6. Corn and peanut rotation and intercropping are carried out. The peanut has the 'fertilizer lacking before the taste' that the fertilization of the corn in the current year can only utilize 30 percent, and the rest is remained in the soil or volatilized and lost, so the peanut can absorb two crops of fertilizers by the fertilization and rotation in the current year, thereby increasing the yield of the peanut, the corn can absorb more nitrogen fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers, and the peanut can absorb more potassium fertilizers and calcium fertilizers, thereby realizing the advantage complementation and also increasing the yield of the peanut by resisting diseases. Corn and peanut 12 can also be popularized: 12 intercropping, large proportion of intercropping corn and peanut, is beneficial to pesticide spraying and disease prevention of corn and is beneficial to crop rotation and yield increase.

7. The soil separating and retaining plate is arranged in front of the lower end of the positioning and positioning upright post of the furrow opener of the seeder, and the part has the functions of flattening and compacting the seed bed between two seedling holes, thereby changing the problems of small seed bed and uneven shape after the furrow opener is opened. The rear part of the lower end of the positioning upright post is additionally provided with a soil separating positioning plate. The part has the functions of scraping and separating redundant floating soil outside the seed bed to the outside of the seed bed, ensuring that peanut seeds stably and accurately fall on the seed bed with the width of 1-2cm inside the soil separation positioning plate, and ensuring that the planting distance and the row distance of the peanut seeds after falling on the seed bed are accurate.

8. The improved seeding apparatus of the seeding machine is additionally provided with a double-seeding-hole seed limiting device under the seeding port of the seeding apparatus of the seeding machine, and the seed limiting device is fixed on two corresponding seeding ports at the lower part of the seeding apparatus by bolts. The function of the component is to further guide and position the seeds discharged by the seed metering device of the seeding machine. Because the seed throwing height of the seeder is shortened, the peanut seeds can accurately fall on the seed bed, and the bouncing and rolling of the seeds after falling to the ground caused by the inertia of the mechanical advancing speed are reduced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the seeding machine of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a seed metering device.

FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the seed meter.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a disc furrow opener structure.

Fig. 5 is a bottom view of fig. 4.

Detailed Description

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the applicant improves the peanut planting method so as to achieve the purposes of increasing the yield and income.

According to the characteristics of sand wind, drought climate and peanut cultivation in the areas of the Miao province and the adjacent Tongliao provinces, the agricultural professional technicians of double English industries, etc. in double Liaoling cities improve the peanut cultivation method, so that the standard of 60 centimeters, small ridges, double rows, small row spacing of 15-18 centimeters and single-seed equidistant planting spacing is achieved. Different from the prior sowing mode, no high ridge is formed, the land occupation area of the furrows (22-25 cm of upper groove openings of the furrows) is reduced, the land occupation area of the ridge is enlarged to 35-38 cm, the single seeds are arranged in a dog biting pattern mode, the plants are more uniformly and reasonably distributed, and the peanut high yield is facilitated.

Three, 60 cm small-ridge double-row single-seed sowing high-yield cultivation technology for peanut variety

1. Selecting land: the method meets the requirement of green food, and is preferably selected from sandy loam with loose texture and good drainage. Sandy loam is a group of soils between sandy and clay soils. The soil has certain fertility and certain water and fertilizer retention capacity, is loose in soil quality, good in drainage and ventilation, relatively harmonious in water, fertilizer, gas and heat conditions, stable in nutrient supply, and not like sandy soil which is greatly raised and fallen or clay soil which is slowly raised and slowly raised, and is exactly consistent with the growth characteristics of peanuts and the requirements on environmental conditions. Firstly, the peanut seeds need more oxygen for germination and emergence, and are sowed on the soil, so that the emergence is fast, and the peanut seeds are beneficial to seedling alignment, full seedling and strong seedling. Secondly, peanuts are overground flowering crops and underground fruiting crops, so that the soil is favorable for fruit needles to penetrate into the soil and carry out pod bearing, the fruits are more, and the yield is high. Thirdly, peanuts are crops which need water and are afraid of water, so that field management operations such as soil preparation, irrigation and drainage, fertilization and the like are convenient, short and strong seedlings are cultivated, excessive lodging is prevented, and high and stable yield is realized.

2. Rotation or intercropping: the symbiotic bacteria of the crops in the genus of Arachis can fix free nitrogen in air and soil and supply part of nitrogen nutrition required by the crops. Besides 2/3 for self nutrition, 1/3 for the next crop left in the soil for absorption. The peanut needles and young fruits can also absorb nutrients from soil, particularly calcium and phosphorus are absorbed strongly, and the calcium and the phosphorus absorbed by the peanut needles and the young fruits preferentially meet the needs of the peanut needles and the young fruits.

Because the peanut root system is a cone root system, the depth of the main root into the soil can reach more than 2.5 m, the peanut root system can fully utilize and absorb deep nutrients of the soil, organic acid substances secreted by the root system can dissolve indissolvable phosphide in the soil to change the indissolvable phosphide into soluble phosphorus for crop absorption, the peanut needles and the pod peel can directly absorb shallow nutrients of the soil, and because the former corn has more nitrogen and potassium absorption in the soil and less phosphorus absorption, rhizobia which can be produced by the peanuts can absorb free nitrogen in the air to meet the requirement of 40-50% for self growth, the nitrogen absorption in the soil is less, the calcium absorption in the soil is more, the nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium absorption of the corns are more and less, and the advantage complementation of the growth and the shortage of rotation is realized.

Peanuts have the saying of being fond of previous crop and lack of fertilizer. The fertilizer application of the corn in the current year can only utilize 30 percent, and the rest is remained in the soil or is volatilized and lost. Therefore, the peanuts can absorb two crops of fertilizers by applying fertilizers and crop rotation in the same year, so that the yield of the peanuts is increased, the corn absorbs more nitrogen fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers, and the peanuts absorb more potassium fertilizers and calcium fertilizers, so that the advantages are complemented, and the disease resistance and yield increase of the peanuts are realized. The peanut rotation can reduce soil-borne diseases and insect pests. The method can lead the pathogenic bacteria to die due to host loss and change of living conditions, so that the morbidity of the peanut blight is closely related to the length of the crop rotation period and the crop rotation mode, and the longer the crop rotation period is, the lower the morbidity is. Meanwhile, the leaf spot and black spot of the continuous-cropping peanuts are serious, and the serious yield reduction of the peanuts is also caused.

According to Liaoning Fuxin determination of Liaoning Fensha research, the yield of general peanuts is reduced by 16.7% in one year, 19.8-20.4% in 2 years and 33.4% in 3 years, and the main reason is that the root system of the continuous-cropping peanuts secretes toxic substances for the growth of the peanuts, so that the serious leaf drop of diseases and insect pests causes the yield reduction. The intercropping can adopt corn and peanut 12: 12 ratio.

3. Seed selection, seed sowing pretreatment and sowing: how to realize one-time sowing and one-time whole seedling and ensure one-time sowing of the whole seedling is the key of high yield of the peanuts. However, many farmers can have different degrees of seedling shortage in actual planting, and the main reasons are as follows: firstly, the seed quality is poor; secondly, the land preparation and sowing quality is poor; thirdly, the sowing is too early, and the sowing is followed by continuous low-temperature overcast and rainy days; fourthly, soil moisture is lacked due to continuous drought after sowing, or soil water is overlarge due to continuous overcast and rainy days; and fifthly, underground insect pests, bird pests, rat pests and the like.

Aiming at the reasons, to ensure the quality of the seeds for the whole seedling, seeds with high bud vigor and emergence rate are required to be used, the germination rate and the germination vigor of the seeds are checked before large-area sowing, and sun-seeding and seed-selecting work before sowing is carried out, so that tens of millions of seeds cannot be used as seeds with mildewed seeds which are not well stored; sowing in due time, wherein the rainy days are kept sunny in spring sowing, and the temperature is raised to facilitate time-saving sowing at opportune time; thirdly, the seeding quality is ensured, the fine soil preparation is realized as much as possible, the sowing is suitable for the moisture of the soil, and the depth is suitable. The dry land seeding needs to hold the moisture opening to prevent over-drying after seeding; fourthly, the seeds are mixed with the medicament, and underground insect damage is prevented.

(1) Seed selection, adaptability is wide: is suitable for all northern small-grain peanut varieties, not only for varieties with more branches such as Shuangying No. 2, but also for varieties with less branches such as Tang oil No. 4 and other different varieties. The method is characterized in that the method can be used for planting varieties with more branches and varieties with less branches by adjusting different sowing amounts, for example, the number 2 of double English branches is more, the plant spacing can reach 12 centimeters, the sowing amount of land measure equal to fifteen mu in most parts of the Northeast is 330-350 jin of kernels, for example, the number 4 of Tang oil branches is less, the plant spacing can be adjusted to 10 centimeters, and the sowing amount of land measure equal to fifteen mu in most parts of the Northeast is 380-400 jin of kernels. The high-yield variety with more branches such as Shuangying No. 2, proper growth period and no need of film covering is selected as the preferable variety, the Shuangying No. 2 peanut variety has short internode, more branches and large fruiting range, the Shuangying No. 2 peanut variety generally has 8-9 branches, and under the condition of better soil, or single-seed sowing, the number of single branches can be increased to 12-13 branches, and the maximum number can reach more than 15-16. Multiple branches, more fruits and high yield. The plants in the seedling stage of the Diying No. 2 plants grow in a creeping way firstly, quickly cover the ridge surface and then grow in a turning way, so that the improvement of the utilization rate of land and light energy is facilitated, the increase of branches is promoted, and the yield increase of the peanuts is greatly facilitated.

The double-row double-English No. 2 of the Liyu autumn species of the Shuangying industry peanut high-yield demonstration householders living in the first town of Taihe village is in a small ridge double-row single-seed sowing mode, the seed kernel is sowed by land measure equal to fifteen mu in most parts of the Northeast with the sowing quantity of 300 jin, and the yield of land measure equal to fifteen mu in most parts of the Northeast actually harvested in autumn reaches 10800 jin. A high-yield record of land measure equal to fifteen mu in most parts of the Northeast generation ten thousand jin is created in the same year, and the yield of the locally coated peanuts is reached. Actually, the high production record of peanuts in the double Liao local area is broken through, and a demonstration house that land measure equal to fifteen mu in most parts of the Northeast produces ten thousand jin appears in succession.

(2) Treating seeds before sowing: a. and (4) germination test. The germination rate is required to be more than 95%. b. Sun-drying and husking. Before sowing, seeds are sunned with shells, and sunned for 9-15 hours in sunny days. In a dry place, the peanuts are flatly laid on a mat, the thickness of the mat is about 10cm, the mat is turned over for 1 time every 1 to 2 hours, and the mat is dried for 2 to 3 days. The husking time is preferably 10 to 15 days before sowing. c. And (4) grading and sizing. The first-level and second-level large grains with large and regular kernels, full seeds, good color and luster and no mechanical damage are selected as seeds, and the third-level small grains are eliminated. d. Seed dressing: for preventing the seed rot of the spring cold and the soil insects and the root rot and stem rot of the seedling stage: seed dressing with the seed coating agent and the grub: mixing and stirring 120 jin of peanut granules by using 1 bottle of Weifu (200 ml) and 3 groups of box grubs, properly adding a small amount of water, uniformly stirring, cutting, adding too much water, drying in the shade and sowing. In 2008, late spring cold, after the peanuts are sowed, Zheng Baijun and another farmer buy the peanut seeds in the same seed store in the wicker village when meeting low temperature and tide, Zheng Bai military Weifu seeds are mixed to produce the whole seedlings. The other farmers only grow seven seedlings without using Weifu for seed dressing.

(3) Sowing: soil drought in the sowing period needs to be watered in advance: the soil moisture reaches the standard of hand-holding conglobation and falling flower scattering. Sowing time of small-particle peanuts: when the soil temperature reaches above 12 ℃ for 0-5 cm of the ground surface for 5 continuous days, the seeds can be sown, and the sowing time of double Liao seeds is about 5 months and 10-20 days. Because the double Liaoning spring drought is serious, the sowing is carried out while rotary tillage, and the ridging after the flat sowing is beneficial to the preservation of soil moisture and the emergence of seedlings of seeds. Simultaneously, the sowing is prevented from being too deep to affect the whole seedling: the proper shallow sowing for 3-4 cm is favorable for the emergence of cotyledons, and the whole seedling can also play a role in increasing the yield of the first pair of lateral branches and the second pair of lateral branches by 80 percent. Seeding more than 5 cm is not favorable for full seedling and causes yield reduction.

Ridge spacing and planting distance: 60 cm ridges, 35-38 cm ridge platform planes, 22-25 cm furrows with upper groove openings, double-row small row spacing in the middle of the ridges is 15-18 cm, two sides of each ridge are 10cm respectively, the plant spacing is 8-14 cm, and the plant spacing of varieties with multiple branches can reach 12-14 cm.

4. Fertilizing: besides the nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer, the biological bacterial fertilizer is additionally applied, which meets the requirement of green food. The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium-containing polymer peptide compound fertilizer and biological bacterial fertilizer (bacterial cubic biological fertilizer) produced by a chemical company can enrich and decompose nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements fixed or unabsorbable in soil for the root system of the peanut to absorb. Application of a polymeric peptide fertilizer: land measure equal to fifteen mu in most parts of the Northeast applied 1200-1500 jin, land measure equal to fifteen mu in most parts of the Northeast applied 500 jin of biological bacterial manure bacteria, and the mixture is mixed and evenly applied in the field before application.

5. Spraying a herbicide: peanut plants are short and slow to block, and the weed inhibition capacity is not strong, so that weeds are easy to grow in the peanut field. Adopts manual weeding, which not only takes labor and time, but also has poor weeding effect. Chemical weeding is adopted, so that the root system of the peanut is not damaged, the stem leaves of the peanut are not damaged, diseases are not transmitted, the soil fertilizer loss is not caused, and labor and time are saved. Therefore, chemical weeding is recommended for planting peanuts at present. The chemical weeding of the peanuts is generally realized by adopting preemergence weeding, the pesticide is applied after the peanuts are sown and before the peanuts emerge, the herbicide can be acetochlor, graminis, Dour, field application supplement and the like, and the specific dosage is used according to the dosage recommended by a pesticide manufacturer. After sowing, spraying the preemergence herbicides such as acetochlor and the like should be finished within 3 days: after emergence of the weeds, the herbicide does not work. Peanut seeds are easily damaged by herbicide after being sowed in rain, particularly, accumulated water in a depression is more serious, and the seedlings are inspected and replenished at any time. After the peanut seedlings emerge, the herbicide such as high-efficiency weed-killing herbicide, high-efficiency herbicide. In the middle and later periods of peanuts, due to much rainwater, the pesticide effect of the early-stage closed herbicide disappears, and weeds begin to grow. At this time, 30 kg of water can be treated by using 50 ml of 5 percent gramineous grass per mu, and gramineous weeds can be effectively prevented and killed.

6. Peanut cleaning: after seedling emergence, the seed leaves are sowed too deeply and buried in soil, and the soil can be manually put by a hoe to expose the seed leaves out of the soil surface. Although the technology is not complex, the yield increasing effect is very obvious, and the yield can be increased by about 15 percent generally. The main reason is that the strong growth of the lateral branches at the base of the peanuts is facilitated. Peanut fruiting is mainly realized by the first pair of lateral branches at the base part and the second lateral branch of the second tree, and the upper lateral branch has few fruiting. The first pair of lateral branches of the peanut, growing between the leaf axils of the cotyledons. The cotyledon of the peanut generally does not or partially unearthed, if the peanut is allowed to grow naturally after seedling emergence, the time for the first pair of lateral branches to grow out of the ground is long, and the peanut is weak after unearthed, tender in tissue and long in internode. The measures of 'cleaning the plant' are adopted to enable two cotyledons of the peanuts to be exposed out of the ground, the first pair of lateral branches grow robustly under the irradiation of sunlight, and the peanut plant has the advantages of short internodes, dense fruits, more fruits and high yield. Secondly, the effect of squatting seedlings can be achieved. The 'clean plant' can control the growth of the upper part of peanut seedlings, promote the development of root systems, enhance the absorption and stress resistance capability and further improve the yield of peanuts.

7. The intertillage does not go to the ridge platform and is covered with soil to prevent forming pointed ridges: in 7 Yueyu last ten days, the small ploughshare is used for intertillage to press the exposed fruit needles towards the ridge edge or the ridge margin, so that the yield increasing effect of the ridge margin is favorably exerted, the large ploughshare is used for boring the land to raise the high ridge, the pointed ridge is formed inevitably, and the fruit needles are pressed by the soil on the ridge platform without pod setting. The small ploughshare is used for intertillage and boring of the land, the furrow opening on the furrow is preferably no more than 25 centimeters, and the two sides of the small row spacing are left with enough 10 centimeters of fruit needles for soil entering and fruiting, so that the peanut needles are favorable for soil entering and fruiting. A small ploughshare is used for intertillage to keep a flat ridge surface which is not covered by soil on ridge platforms and is full of fruit needles to enter the soil, so that the improvement of light energy and land utilization rate is facilitated, the advantages of single peanut plant fruiting and colony yield increase are fully exerted, and the yield increase of peanuts is facilitated. In the past, some farmers intertillage soil to ridge stands to form pointed ridges, so that the fruit needles cannot penetrate into the soil, but only can be suspended on ridge sides, and the fruit needles cannot bear fruits to have no effect, thereby causing serious yield reduction. Because peanuts have the saying that "no light and no flower (blossom) and no fruit (no fruit) exist", the fruit needles can enlarge the fruits under the dark condition only after being buried in the soil, and can not fruit under the light condition. The peanut needles can only penetrate into the soil on the flat ridge surface for fruiting, the peanut needles on the lower part of peanut plants penetrate into the soil firstly, and then penetrate into the soil after the peanut needles on the high nodes, but the peanut needles which penetrate into the soil must be in the same horizontal plane for fruiting, so that a flat ridge surface is needed, and once the peanut needles penetrate into the soil on the ridge platform, the ridge surface is uneven, and partial peanut needles cannot penetrate into the soil for fruiting, so that the yield is reduced.

8. Spraying a leaf fertilizer and a bactericide to prevent overgrowth as a regulator: 4-6 pieces of complex leaves of peanut seedlings can be sprayed with foliar fertilizer with high nitrogen content alternately when being unfolded, the foliar fertilizer with high boron content can be sprayed once every 7-10 days, and boron-supplementing foliar fertilizer with high boron content can be sprayed in the period of flowering and seeding, and the high-temperature rainy period can be 7-8 months. The middle and later stages of peanuts mainly include the period of occurrence of leaf spot and black spot, and the net spot occurs one month before harvesting. Therefore, the disease such as leaf spot can be prevented by simultaneously spraying the bactericide such as mancozeb and the leaf fertilizer in the early stage. The pesticide is applied 70 days after peanut emergence to prevent and control the later-stage black spot, leaf spot and net spot. The pesticide can be sprayed at the later stage of the flowering period (80% of flowers are blossoming 20%) and the disease prevention effect is better after every land measure equal to fifteen mu in most parts of the Northeast 6 bottles (200 ml per bottle) are sprayed once again at intervals of 7-10 days, so that the seedling survival maturity can be achieved, the green stem and leaf time of plants can be prolonged, the nutrients produced by stem and leaf can be continuously conveyed to underground pods, the formation of blighted fruits can be prevented, and the yield and the income of peanuts can be increased. During the podding period, the plants grow excessively, 800-1200 cups of water are added for preventing the regulator from being sprayed before ridge sealing in time, the growth of the vegetative mass and the coordinated development of the reproductive mass are kept, and the plants are sealed in time without closure and lodging.

9. Water is more important than fertilizer, and watering is carried out in time when drought occurs: the peanuts cannot germinate and grow due to severe drought in soil, the root systems cannot absorb fertilizers, and the plants cannot grow normally. Resulting in severe yield loss. The peanuts need to be watered for three times: the first water seedling emergence period is 15 days, namely a nitrogen starvation period, and peanuts are subjected to drought and can be watered with additional fertilizer to play a role in regulating fertilizer with water; the second time of watering is about 6 months and 20 days, so that the peanuts are promoted to bloom and fall into the needles; the third time of watering for about 7 months and 20 days to promote pod bearing.

10. Harvesting and airing in time: the suitable harvest period of peanuts can be generally considered from three aspects: it can be called three looks and one hide.

(1) And (5) observing the growth period. The growth period of a common peanut variety is about 120-125 days.

(2) See temperature. If the average temperature of day and night is below 12 ℃, the peanut stops growing, and then the peanut can be harvested.

(3) And (6) observing the plant. Under normal conditions, the peanuts enter the later fruiting stage, most of nutrients in the plant body are transported to the pods, the plant is in an aging state, the top end stops growing, the upper leaves turn yellow, the base and the middle leaves fall off, most of pod seeds are full at the moment, and then the peanuts can be harvested.

One step is as follows: when the temperature of the weather forecast is reduced to-3 ℃, the peanuts are stopped to be harvested, the peanuts are prevented from being frozen, the commodity of the peanuts is prevented from being influenced, and the peanuts are harvested after the temperature rises.

The legumes are not moldy and not covered, and ginkgo peanuts are formed: after about 9 months and 15 days, 80% of the pods are ripe, and then the seeds can be harvested. The field is harvested in advance for airing, so that the peanut kernels are prevented from having high water content, and the peanut kernels are prevented from turning over for airing in time after the peanut kernels stop for half a day after rain, and the good commodity of the pods is ensured. The combination of field airing and field airing is realized to ensure that the water content of the pod is reduced to below 10 percent.

In 2016, due to the fact that most farmers suffer from raining and frost, almost family peanuts are frozen, the selling price of the peanuts is influenced, the water content of the peanuts is high, the peanuts are covered by mildew, the peanuts are not sold well in the market, and unnecessary economic loss is caused, so that the important significance is achieved for airing the peanuts in the field.

Reasonably determining the harvesting time, and stopping the development of the underground peanut pods when the average temperature of day and night is lower than 12 ℃. Harvesting should be carried out in time. After harvesting, the nutrient substances of the leaves and the stems can be continuously conveyed to the grains due to no frost, thereby playing the role of after-ripening. When 2-3 repeat persons at the top of the peanut plant turn yellow, the leaves at the middle and lower parts fall off, the shells become hard and thin, the color of the inner shells turns dark and turns brown, and then the peanut plant can be harvested, the harvest is premature and immature, the commodity rate is reduced, and the harvested part of pods sprout or rot in soil, and the commodity rate is also reduced.

11. The method for storing the raw seeds comprises the following steps:

firstly, seeds are dried fully before storage, so that the water content of the seeds is reduced to below 8 percent. According to tests, when the water content of the seeds is lower than 8%, the seeds are stored safely, and the germination rate is not influenced even at the temperature of minus 25 ℃. When the water content of the seeds is higher than 10%, the respiration effect is enhanced, a large amount of heat energy is released, and the seeds are easy to rot and deteriorate and grow insects.

Secondly, the purity of seeds is improved, impurities are removed, and mature blighted fruits are not grown. The impurities and blighted fruits can release a large amount of heat energy, and the seeds are easy to rot and deteriorate and grow worms.

Thirdly, the storage site is strictly disinfected, sterilized and moistureproof, and the interior is kept to be ventilated and dried.

Fourthly, the storage device is preferably woven bags and jute bags, and airtight plastic bags are avoided for storage. The plastic bag is easy to cause the air to be not circulated when storing the seeds, so that the seeds can breathe without oxygen and the embryo is poisoned, and simultaneously, the moisture and the heat generated by breathing are not easy to be dissipated, so that the seeds are heated and mildewed.

And fifthly, peanuts cannot be stored in the same bin with pesticides and fertilizers, and many pesticides and fertilizers have certain volatility and corrosiveness and have damage effects on cells and embryo of seeds.

And sixthly, during the storage period, the checking is carried out on duty, the warehouse for storing the seeds must have ventilation conditions, whether the seeds are affected with damp, damaged by insects and rats and whether the germination vigor and the germination rate of the seeds are reduced are checked, problems are found, the seeds are treated in time, and the safe storage of the peanut seeds is ensured.

Problems with prototype peanut planters:

(1) the seed bed furrow opener of the prototype peanut seeder is a simple double-disc furrow opener, the original disc type seeder furrow opener can not mechanically treat a seed bed with the width of 100mm in the middle of a double-seedling-hole seed bed, the shape of soil on the surface of the seed bed is uneven, the soil density is small and not solid, the soil quality of the seed bed is soft and is not beneficial to the germination of peanut seeds and the expansion and development of root systems, thus the germination, root pricking and fruit of the peanut seeds are influenced, and the increase of the peanut yield is influenced.

(2) The seeder of the prototype peanut seeder has the advantages that the distance from the seed discharging port to the peanut seed bed is high, and the seeder is easily influenced by the fact that the inertia of discharged seeds is inconsistent and the soil gradient is caused by the change of the advancing speed of a machine in the advancing process, so that the positions of the seeds after falling on the seed bed are inaccurate, and the increase of the peanut yield is influenced.

Agricultural machinery professionals of double-English industry Limited company in double Liaoning City improve a furrow opener and a seed sowing device of a prototype peanut sowing machine, and a necessary auxiliary device is added to enable the furrow opener and the seed sowing device to reach 60 centimeters, small ridges and double rows, and the row spacing is 15-18 centimeters. The standard of single-seed equal-distance planting distance is changed from the planting mode of fertilizing and ridging firstly and then sowing into the planting mode of flat sowing and ridging. The peanut precision seeder can complete multiple procedures of ridging, fertilizer application, seeding, soil covering, ridge surface leveling, rolling and the like at one time. According to the problems existing in the machines, the invention is a necessary improvement on the furrow opener and the seed sowing device of the sowing machine, and the peanut sowing accuracy is improved.

The special double-row single-seed planter for the small-ridge double-row single-seed planting method of the peanuts comprises a rack 1, wherein a furrow opener 2, a fertilizing mechanism 3, a seed sowing device 4, a soil covering device 5 and a compacting machine 6 are sequentially arranged on the rack 1 from front to back. The furrow opener 2 comprises two disks 7 forming a certain installation angle, a positioning upright post 8 is arranged in the middle of the two disks 7, the positioning upright post 8 is connected with the disks 7 through a shaft, the positioning upright post 8 is connected with a front beam 9 on the frame 1, a soil separating and retaining plate fixing plate 10 is welded in front of the positioning upright post 8 in the middle of the two disks 7, a soil separating and retaining plate 11 is welded in front of the soil separating and retaining plate fixing plate 10, the soil separating and retaining plate 11 is of a solitary plate structure, the upper end of the soil separating and retaining plate 11 is connected with the front end of the soil separating and retaining plate positioning plate 10, and two sides of the rear end of the soil separating and retaining plate 11 are connected with soil separating and retaining plate extension wings 12. The component has the functions of leveling and compacting the seedbed between the two seedling holes. The problems of loosening of the middle seed bed and unevenness of the shape after ditching by the original furrow opener of the seeder are solved, and the peanut seed germination and root system development are facilitated. The improved seed bed is shaped and compacted by a soil separating and retaining plate and is 10-20 mm higher than a seed bed driven by a furrow opener. The winged fir is used for ensuring the seed deepening of the peanut and the soil firmness of the seedbed.

A soil separating positioning plate 13 is arranged behind the positioning upright post 8, two soil separating positioning plate extension wings 14 are connected behind the soil separating positioning plate 13, the two soil separating positioning plate extension wings 14 are arranged in a splayed shape, namely the two soil separating positioning plate extension wings 14 incline outwards. The distance between the two soil separating positioning plate extending wings 14 at the starting end is smaller than that at the tail end. The part has the function of scraping and separating the redundant floating soil outside the seed bed to the outside of the seed bed, ensuring that peanut seeds stably and accurately fall on the seed bed with the width of 10-20 mm inside the soil separation positioning plate, and ensuring that the planting distance and the row distance of the peanut seeds after falling on the seed bed are accurate.

A double-seedling-eye seed limiting device 15 is additionally arranged below a seed discharging port below the seed discharging device. The double-seedling-eye seed limiting device comprises two seed limiting devices 16 which are of cuboid structures and are provided with upper openings and lower openings, the upper ends of the seed limiting devices 16 are opposite to seed metering openings below the seed metering devices from top to bottom, and the outer sides of the upper ends of the seed limiting devices are fixed on the side surfaces of the seed metering devices through connecting sheets 17. The function of the component is to further guide and position the seeds discharged by the seed metering device of the seeding machine. The seed feeding height of the seeder is shortened, so that the peanut seeds accurately fall on the seed bed, and the conditions of stretching and rolling of the seeds after falling to the ground caused by the inertia of the mechanical advancing speed are reduced.

Use novel peanut seeder notes:

(1) fine soil preparation and sowing in proper soil moisture.

(2) The sowing speed is preferably between 2-3 grades, and the sowing speed per hour is not more than 3-5 mu, so that the sowing quality is ensured.

(3) The selected seeds have consistent size and good plumpness, the single-seed sowing rate is ensured to reach more than 80%, and the qualified seed rate reaches more than 95%.

(4) Cultivating with a small ploughshare: the small ploughshare for intertillage avoids the high ridge from hilling toward the ridge. The upper opening of the furrow is kept within the range of 22-25 cm, and the furrow soil is stuck to ridges on two sides of the ridge to play a role of pressing the needle, thereby being beneficial to peanut fruiting.

Characteristics and advantages of 60 cm peanut small-ridge double-row single-seed mechanical sowing

By combining a local farmer 60 cm ridge peanut planting mode, small-grain peanut varieties which are short in growth period and mainly comprise Shuangying No. 2 without film mulching are selected, the yield of large film-mulching peanuts land measure equal to fifteen mu in most parts of the Northeast which are produced by more than ten thousand jin can be achieved in high-yield land blocks, and the small-ridge double-row single-seed sowing technology of the peanuts starts to be popularized. From 2002, the double-English-planting-industry limited company changes the traditional seeding mode of uneven density into a seeding mode of 60 cm small ridge double-row single-grain mechanized seeding mode by adding devices to a furrow opener and a seed sowing device of a peanut seeder: 60 cm line spacing: the flat surface of the ridge platform is 35-38 cm, the upper opening of the furrow is 22-25 cm, the middle of the double rows of the ridge platform is 15-18 cm, the two sides of the ridge platform are respectively 10cm, the row spacing is 8-14 cm according to different varieties, and the row spacing of the varieties with multiple branches can reach 12-14 cm.

The double-row single-seed sowing technology creates the following conditions that the optimal growth condition of the peanuts is high in yield: the double-row single-seed sowing in the 60 cm ridge is arranged in a crutch seedling shape, the sowing mode expands the ridge width to 35-38 cm on the basis of the traditional 60 cm ridge planting and compresses the furrow width, and the furrow opening on the furrow is 22-25 cm, thereby creating a precondition for the double-row single-seed sowing. The small row spacing of the double rows of the ridge platform is 15-18 cm, and the two sides of the plant respectively account for 10 cm. The large row spacing is 42-45 cm, and the plant spacing is 10-12 cm. The row spacing is set to be more than 10 centimeters, so that uniform equal distance is created for peanut growth, and particularly, dog biting-line type arrangement is more favorable for improving the land and light energy utilization rate. The plant can absorb water, fertilizer, light energy and other conditions, and especially the light energy utilization rate of the species with multiple branches such as Shuangying No. 2 is higher. The specific expression is that after seedling emergence, the seedlings do not grow vertically, but grow stolonically and quickly occupy the ground around the plants, and then the seedlings turn to vertical growth, so that the light energy and the land utilization rate are improved, and the yield is high due to multiple branches, multiple blossoms, multiple fruit needles penetrating into the soil and multiple fruits. And the bearing radius of the small-grain peanuts is about 5 cm, the planting row spacing exceeds 10cm, the area required by the bearing radius of a single plant is achieved, the high-yield growth phase of the high-yield field of the peanuts is achieved, the plants grow luxuriantly without being shielded, and the peanuts are ventilated, light-permeable, disease-resistant and drought-resistant.

Claims (7)

1. A peanut small-ridge double-row single-grain equidistant planting method is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,

(1) selecting the land: selecting sandy soil with loose texture and good drainage according to the requirement of green food;

(2) and seed selection: all the peanut varieties are suitable for northern Xiao-Li peanuts;

(3) and treating seeds before sowing:

a. the germination test requires that the germination rate is more than 95 percent,

b. sunning and shelling, sunning the peanuts with shells before sowing, airing the peanuts from 9 am to 15 pm in sunny days, spreading the peanuts on a mat in a dry place with the thickness of about 10cm, turning the peanuts for 1 time every 1 to 2 hours, and sunning for 2 to 3 days, wherein the shelling time is 10 to 15 days before sowing;

c. grading, selecting large and neat seeds, plump seeds, good color, no mechanical damage to the first and second large seeds, eliminating the third small seeds,

d. seed dressing: in order to prevent the seeds from rotting and soil insects and the root rot and stem rot of seedlings in spring and cold, seed coating agent is used for mixing the seeds, a small amount of water is added for even mixing, and sowing is carried out after drying in the shade;

(4) sowing, namely, in the sowing period, soil drought needs to be watered in advance, so that the soil moisture reaches the standard of hand-held conglobation and ground flower scattering, the sowing time of small-particle peanuts can be realized when the soil with the thickness of 0-5 cm on the ground surface is continuously heated to more than 12 ℃, the sowing is realized while rotary tillage, ridging is realized after flat sowing, the moisture conservation is facilitated, the emergence of seeds is facilitated, the full seedling is prevented from being influenced by over-deep sowing, the emergence of cotyledons is facilitated by shallow sowing with the thickness of 3-4 cm, and the full seedling can also play a role in increasing the yield of 80% of the fruit needles of the first pair of lateral branches and the second pair of lateral;

ridge spacing and planting distance: 60 cm ridges, 35-38 cm ridge platform planes, 22-25 cm furrow upper openings, 15-18 cm double-row small row spacing in the middle of the ridges, 10cm each on two sides of the ridges, and 8-14 cm plant spacing;

(5) and fertilizing: in addition to the application of the nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer, the application of the biological bacterial fertilizer is added, the requirement of green food is met, the application of the nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer is land measure equal to fifteen mu in most parts of the Northeast applied by 1200-1500 jin, the application of the biological bacterial fertilizer is land measure equal to fifteen mu in most parts of the Northeast applied by 500 jin, and the biological bacterial fertilizer is mixed and evenly applied in the field before the application; wherein each land measure equal to fifteen mu in most parts of the Northeast is 15 mu;

(6) and spraying a herbicide: peanut plants are short and slow in row closing and have poor weed inhibition capacity, so that weeds are prone to have wasteland in peanut fields, weeds are prone to grow, preemergence weeding is adopted, the pesticide is applied after peanut seeding to before emergence of seedlings, the herbicide is sprayed out before emergence of seedlings after seeding within 3 days, the preemergence herbicide does not work after the weeds sprout, the high-efficiency herbicide is sprayed to implement chemical weeding in 2-3 leaf periods of the weeds after peanut emergence, the herbicide effect of the early-stage closed herbicide disappears in the middle and later periods of the peanuts, the weeds start to breed, and at the moment, the herbicide for preventing and controlling gramineous weeds is used for carrying out stem and leaf treatment, so that gramineous weeds can be effectively prevented and removed;

(7) clearing peanuts: after seedlings emerge, the cotyledons are sown to be too deep and buried in the soil, the soil needs to be manually put by a hoe to expose the cotyledons out of the soil surface, the upper part of the peanut seedlings can be controlled to grow by clearing the seedlings, the root development is promoted, the absorption and stress resistance capability is enhanced, and the peanut yield is further improved;

(8) no soil is applied during intertillage: the intertillage can not apply soil to the ridge, the pointed ridges are prevented, the fruit needles are pressed by the applied soil without pod bearing, a small share is used for intertillage and boring the land, the furrow opening on the furrow is not more than 25 cm, and the small row spacing is reserved at two sides for a fruit needle soil-entering range of 10cm, so that the peanut needle soil-entering result is facilitated;

(9) spraying a leaf fertilizer and a bactericide: 4-6 pieces of compound leaves of peanuts can be sprayed with foliar fertilizer with high nitrogen content when the seedlings emerge and are unfolded, the foliar fertilizer with high nitrogen content is sprayed for 2-3 times every 7-10 days, the foliar fertilizer with high boron content is sprayed for 2-3 times in the period of flowering and injection, the interval of each time is 7-10 days, and in the period of high temperature and heavy rain, 7 and 8 months, 80 percent of the foliar fertilizer with high boron content is sprayed with bactericide when the flowers bloom 20 percent in the later period of flowering and injection, the disease prevention effect is better when the foliar fertilizer with high boron content is sprayed for 7-10 days every land measure equal to fifteen mu in most parts of the Northeast 1200 milliliters, the seedling survival maturity can be achieved, the green stem and leaf time of plants can be prolonged, the nutrients produced by the stem and leaf can be continuously conveyed to underground pods, the formation of blighted fruits can;

(10) water is more important than fertilizer, and watering is carried out in time when drought occurs: the peanuts cannot germinate and emerge, the root systems cannot absorb fertilizers, plants cannot grow normally, and serious yield reduction is caused, the peanuts need to be watered for three times, the first time of water emergence is a nitrogen starvation period, the peanuts are watered for the first time by drought and topdressing, the effect of adjusting fertilizers by water is achieved, the second time of watering is about 6 months and 20 days, the peanuts are promoted to bloom and pin, and the third time of watering is about 7 months and 20 days, so that pod bearing is promoted;

(11) harvesting and airing: the suitable harvest period of the peanuts is seen from the following three aspects: is called as 'seeing and hiding three times',

① the growth period is observed, the growth period of general peanut varieties is 120-125 days,

② the peanut is harvested when the average temperature is below 12 deg.C,

③ the plant is observed, under normal conditions, the peanut enters the later fruiting stage, most of the nutrients in the plant body are transported to the pod, the plant shows an aging state, the top stops growing, the upper leaves turn yellow, the base and the middle leaves fall off, most of the pod seeds are full, and the peanut can be harvested,

one step is as follows: when the weather forecast air temperature is reduced to-3 ℃, the peanut harvesting is stopped, the peanut freezing is prevented, the commodity of the peanut is prevented from being influenced, the peanut harvesting is started after the air temperature rises again,

the legumes are not mildewed and not covered, ginkgo peanuts are formed, about 9 months and 15 days, 80% of the legumes are ripe, the legumes can be harvested, field airing is harvested in advance, the peanut kernels are prevented from being high in water content, airing is timely turned after the peanut kernels are stopped for half a day after rain, the commodity of the legumes is good, and field airing are combined to ensure that the moisture of the legumes is reduced to be below 10%.

2. The peanut small-ridge double-row single-grain equidistant planting method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: corn and peanut rotation.

3. The peanut small-ridge double-row single-grain equidistant planting method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: corn and peanut 12: and 12 intercropping.

4. The peanut small-ridge double-row single-grain equidistant planting method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the peanut variety is Shuangying No. 2.

5. The peanut small-ridge double-row single-grain equidistant planting method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the plant spacing of the variety with multiple branches in the step (4) reaches 12-14 cm.

6. A double-row single-seed planter special for the small-ridge double-row single-seed equidistant planting method of peanuts in claim 1, characterized in that: the seeder includes the frame, connects furrow opener and seed metering ware below the frame front portion, the furrow opener includes two discs that become certain angle, be equipped with the location stand in the middle of two discs, the location stand passes through the hub connection with the disc, and the location stand is connected with the same direction as the roof beam in the frame, the preceding welding of location stand in the middle of two discs has branch soil to keep off the native board fixed plate, divides the preceding welding of native fender board fixed plate to have branch soil to keep off native board, divide soil to keep off native board and be solitary board, divide soil to keep off native board fixed plate front end and divide soil to keep off native board upper end to be connected, divide soil to keep off native board lower extreme both sides and be connected with branch soil and keep off native board extension wing, and the location stand is equipped with at the back and divides the native locating plate to connect two and divide soil locating plate extension wings.

7. A double-row single-seed sowing machine according to claim 6, characterized in that a double-seedling-eye seed limiting device is additionally arranged below the seed sowing port below the seed sowing device, the double-seedling-eye seed limiting device comprises two seed limiting devices with upper and lower openings, the upper end of the seed limiting device is opposite to the seed sowing port at the lower end of the seed sowing device, and the outer side of the upper end of the seed limiting device is fixed on the side surface of the seed sowing device through a connecting sheet.

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