CN105432289A - Big-ridge two-row cost-saving effectiveness-increasing cultivation method for mung beans in dry field in north - Google Patents
Big-ridge two-row cost-saving effectiveness-increasing cultivation method for mung beans in dry field in north Download PDFInfo
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- CN105432289A CN105432289A CN201510856118.9A CN201510856118A CN105432289A CN 105432289 A CN105432289 A CN 105432289A CN 201510856118 A CN201510856118 A CN 201510856118A CN 105432289 A CN105432289 A CN 105432289A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention provides a big-ridge two-row cost-saving effectiveness-increasing cultivation method for mung beans in a dry field in the north. The method comprises the steps of crop rotation, soil preparation, seed preparation, big-ridge two-row precise seeding, rational fertilization, field management and harvesting. By the adoption of the method, deep ploughing of soil and reasonable planting density and fertilization are selected, a big-ridge two-row seeder is adopted as the seeding machine, precise seeding is achieved, seeds and fertilizer are isolated, field management and harvesting at proper time are achieved, and then the output and income of the mung beans are increased. Experiment and demonstration of a mung bean variety and the technology are performed in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region which is a main producing area of the mung beans in the north, yield performance is outstanding, the yield is increased by 18.5-24.8%, field management cost is saved, and benefits are increased remarkably.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of a kind of crop, is a kind of northern mung bean nonirrigated farmland cost-saving synergistic cultivation method specifically.
Background technology:
Mung bean (VignaradiateL) is pulse family annual herb plant, and it is rich in the nutriments such as protein, vitamin, mineral, and having medical value, is that very popular doctor eats dual-purpose crop.The long-term cultivated area of China's mung bean about 66 ~ 930,000 hectares, and the northern Inner Mongol, the Jilin area that to be China's mung bean cultivated area maximum, long-term cultivated area 30 ~ 400,000 hectares.One's respective area belongs to Arid&semi-arid area, and mung bean essentialspecies is implanted in nonirrigated farmland, mountain, arid causes field Mung Bean Plant short and small, earth's surface large area is exposed, and moisture evaporation is serious, plants in traditional cultivation mode simultaneously, field farming, administrative skill simply backwardness, and unreasonable fertilising can not give full play to fertilizer efficiency, affect the growth of plant, thus cause mung bean per unit area yield far below the average unit yield in the whole nation.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of northern mung bean nonirrigated farmland large-ridge double-row cost-saving synergistic cultivation method, this method can effectively save field input cost, improves mung bean output.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: while reaching saving input by precision drilling, effectively can reduce thinning recruitment expenditure; Utilize large-ridge double-row sower, realize duplicate rows plantation on mung bean ridge, spacing in the rows regulates along with the change of row spacing, field plant is distributed more even, increases field coverage rate; The rational application of fertilizer effectively can improve utilization rate of fertilizer simultaneously, improves plant yield proterties, improves mung bean output.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of northern mung bean nonirrigated farmland large-ridge double-row cost-saving synergistic cultivation method, it is made up of following steps:
1.1 crop rotations: the necessary crop rotation of mung bean plantation, avoid continuous cropping, meet stubble, the north can adopt mung bean-millet-Chinese sorghum or Corn Rotation System pattern;
1.2 wholely: require that early autumn deep ploughs wholely, and the degree of depth is 20cm ~ 25cm, rakes the soil level before broadcasting; Reach flat after raking the soil level, defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, field is without large clod and dark clod;
1.3 fertilisings: based on " base manure, seed manure are auxiliary, topdress as mending ", " fertilizer is main, inorganic fertilizer is auxiliary ", amount of application should according to basic fertility of soil, the grasp of yield index science;
1.3.1 base manure: combining ploughs applies the farmyard manure 15000kg ~ 22500kg/hm become thoroughly decomposed
2make base manure;
1.3.2 seed manure: fertilizing amount is used according to soil fertility situation, seed manure is N:P with the basic ratio of sum of topdressing
2o
5: K
2o=1:1.3:0.75;
1.3.3 topdress: seed manure does not have nitrogen fertilizer application, or base manure and seed manure deficiency, after emerging 20 ~ 25 days, envelope must be topdressed before ridge, weak seedling early should chase after seed manure, topdresses and uses instant nitrogenousfertilizer urea, consumption 53 ~ 73kg/hm
2;
1.4 seed preparations: infected seed, flat grain, broken kernel are rejected in meticulous seed selection; Seed after screening meets GB4404.2-2010 standard;
1.5 sowing
1.5.1 seedtime: late sowing in good time, makes full-bloom stage overlap with the epidemic disaster optimal period of the same period; Sowing date is determined to the last ten-days period according to rain fall in early June;
1.5.2 quantity is sowed: the thousand kernel weight of seedling number, germination rate and seed calculates seeding quantity as required, and seedling number is 18 ~ 300,000 strains/hm
2, the amount of broadcasting 22.5 ~ 30kg/hm
2;
1.5.3 sow: adopt the sowing of large-ridge double-row precision sower; Row spacing 50 ~ 55cm, ridge platform is sowed two row, and line space is 7 ~ 8cm; Sowing depth is 3 ~ 5cm, according to fertilising, seeding quantity adjustment fertilizer can fertilizer-shaking device and seed-box sowing implement, as sower should manually in time after broadcasting be suppressed without packer;
1.6 field management
1.6.1 weeding before seedling: dispenser within after planting three days, is watered soil table and sprays, can with 50% acetochlor ec 1500 ~ 2250ml/hm
2, 72% isopropyl methoxalamine missible oil 2250 ~ 3000ml/hm
2, 33% pendimethalin missible oil 2250 ~ 3000ml/hm
2, to water 750 ~ 1200kg//hm
2; Under soil drought condition, dispenser will strengthen water consumption;
1.6.2 intertill and clean tillage: intertill and clean tillage carries out shallow weeding in conjunction with weeding after seedling first compound leaf expanded for the first time; Second time intertillage is carried out before mung bean envelope ridge;
1.6.3 thinning, final singling: when carrying out seedling thinning after first compound leaf expanded after mung bean is emerged, final singling during 4 leaves, by namely fixed density, removes weak seedling, sick seedling, seedling, stays strong sprout, carries out individual plant and stays seedling, is beneficial to robust plant growth;
1.7 results: when 70% beanpod be that brown-black is gathered in the crops in good time, under the high temperature conditions, ripe pod is easy to crack, should in the morning dew not dry or at dusk time gather in the crops; The beanpod of gathering through drying, threshing, clean after, moisture content of kernels can put in storage storage below 14%.
In described step 1.3, total amount to fertilize controls in 50.8≤N≤69.2; 66.1≤P
2o
5≤ 90.0; 38.1≤K
2o≤51.9, unit: kg/hm
2.
Planting substandard in described step 1.4 is purity 99%, cleanliness 98%, germination rate 85%.
In above-mentioned steps 1.4, before sowing, dressing control can be carried out according to local main diseases and insect pests situation to seed.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, deep ploughing has the effect thickening active soil stratum, level land, and is conducive to mung bean root growth and growth; 2, the breeding time of mung bean is short, barren tolerance strong, and its root system has again symbiotic nitrogen fixation ability, therefore uses the nitrogen of rational proportion, phosphorus, potash fertilizer, is conducive to plant to the Balance Absorption of nutrient and utilization; 3, the purity of clear and definite seed, cleanliness and germination rate, thus determine mung bean seeding quantity, realize precision drilling and Leaving seedling evenly, reach cost-saving synergistic; The output of mung bean weighs three parts by total pod number, seeds per pod and the grain in unit are and forms, and therefore under rational density, individuality just can physically well develop, and realizes higher yield per unit area; 4, large-ridge double-row seeding method, while reducing line-spacing, increase spacing in the rows, field plant is distributed more even, improve luminous energy and water and fertilizer utilization, particularly Drought land in North plantation, while being conducive to field machinery operation, effectively evenly improve planting density, strengthen field coverage rate, reduce because arid causes plant short and small, the exposed factor causing the underproduction in earth's surface, field.5, deep ploughing makes the ridge platform of ridge culture have suitable height 15-18cm, be conducive to Appropriate application rainfall and field drainage unobstructed, simultaneous adaptation northern area mung bean uses the harvesting mode of push broach.Cultivate mung bean by this method at Drought land in North, output can improve 18.5 ~ 24.8%, and total input reduces 645-765 unit/hectare, and cost-saving synergistic Be very effective, in table 6, table 7.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Test time, place, area: 2015, Tang Jia Ying Zi village of Anqing township, Driving Factors in Songshan District, Chifeng City, 21 mu.
Weather conditions: between breeding time, (the 5-9 month) prophase programming is more, and pod bearing period rainfall is less, monthly mean temperature 19.5 DEG C, Month average rainfall 61.3mm.
Soil organic matter determination data
Table 1 soil nutrient determination data
| Organic | Full nitrogen | Available phosphorus | Slowly available potassium | Available potassium |
| g/kg | g/kg | mg/kg | mg/kg | mg/kg |
| 16.73 | 1.02 | 8.0 | 431 | 120 |
A kind of northern mung bean nonirrigated farmland large-ridge double-row cost-saving synergistic cultivation method, is made up of following steps:
1.1 crop rotations: the rotation system of millet-Chinese sorghum-mung bean.
1.2 wholely: deep plough early autumn 20cm, rakes the soil level, reach flat before broadcasting, defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, and field is without large clod and dark clod;
1.3 fertilisings: based on " base manure, seed manure are auxiliary, topdress as mending ", " fertilizer be lead, inorganic fertilizer is auxiliary ";
1.3.1 base manure: combining ploughs applies the farmyard manure 15000kg/hm become thoroughly decomposed
2make base manure;
1.3.2 seed manure: fertilizing amount is active ingredient 64% diammonium phosphate (N:18, P
2o
5: 46) 265kg/hm
2; Active ingredient 50% potassium sulfate 90.0kg/hm
2;
1.3.3 topdress: combine second time intertillage and impose urea 63kg/hm
2;
1.4 seed treatment: infected seed, flat grain, broken kernel are rejected in meticulous seed selection; Seed purity 99% after screening, cleanliness 98%, germination rate 85%;
1.5 sowing
1.5.1 seedtime: Tang Jia Ying Zi village of Anqing township, Songshan District, Chifeng, June 18 was sowed;
1.5.2 quantity is sowed: seeding quantity is 22.5kg/hm
2; Number of keeping a full stand of seedings is 240,000 strains/hm
2;
1.5.3 sow: adopt the sowing of large-ridge double-row precision sower, sowing depth is adjusted to 5cm; Before sower, fertilising furrow plough spacing is adjusted to 50cm, and 2 seed opener spacing of both sides, each fertilising furrow plough rear are adjusted to 7cm; According to fertilising, seeding quantity adjustment fertilizer can fertilizer-shaking device and seed-box sowing implement;
1.6 field management
1.6.1 weeding before seedling: dispenser within after planting three days, is watered soil table and sprays, with 72% isopropyl methoxalamine missible oil 3000ml/hm
2, to water 1200kg//hm
2;
1.6.2 intertill and clean tillage: intertill and clean tillage carries out shallow weeding in conjunction with thinning, weeding after seedling first compound leaf expanded for the first time, second time intertillage is before mung bean envelope ridge;
1.6.3 thinning, final singling: when carrying out seedling thinning after first compound leaf expanded after mung bean is emerged, final singling during 4 leaves, spacing in the rows is 16.7cm, removes weak seedling, sick seedling, seedling, stays strong sprout, carries out individual plant and stays seedling;
1.7 results: when 70% beanpod be that brown-black is in good time, gather in the crops in the morning with at dusk, the beanpod of gathering through drying, threshing, clean after, storage of putting in storage when moisture content of kernels is below 14%.
General planting 1: plot adjacent with embodiment 1, area 15 mu, row spacing 45cm, single file, seeding quantity 33.0kg/hm
2, number of keeping a full stand of seedings is 250,000 strains/hm
2.Thinning, intertillage, fertilising and other control measures are identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 2
Test time, place, area: 2015, Ta Zi village of Cheng Zi township, Driving Factors in Songshan District, Chifeng City, 30 mu.
Weather conditions: between breeding time, (the 5-9 month) prophase programming is more, and pod bearing period rainfall is less, monthly mean temperature 19.9 DEG C, Month average rainfall 71.6mm.
Soil organic matter determination data
Table 2 soil nutrient determination data
| Organic | Full nitrogen | Available phosphorus | Slowly available potassium | Available potassium |
| g/kg | g/kg | mg/kg | mg/kg | mg/kg |
| 8.12 | 0.53 | 5.9 | 456 | 114 |
A kind of northern mung bean nonirrigated farmland large-ridge double-row cost-saving synergistic cultivation method, is made up of following steps:
1.1 crop rotations: the rotation system of millet-Chinese sorghum-mung bean;
1.2 wholely: deep plough early autumn 20cm, rakes the soil level, reach flat before broadcasting, defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, and field is without large clod and dark clod;
1.3 fertilisings: based on " base manure, seed manure are auxiliary, topdress as mending ", " fertilizer be lead, inorganic fertilizer is auxiliary ";
1.3.1 base manure: combining ploughs applies the farmyard manure 22500kg/hm become thoroughly decomposed
2make base manure;
1.3.2 seed manure: fertilizing amount is active ingredient 64% diammonium phosphate (N:18, P
2o
5: 46) 225kg/hm
2; Active ingredient 50% potassium sulfate 76.2kg/hm
2;
1.3.3 topdress: combine second time intertillage and impose urea 53kg/hm
2;
1.4 seed treatment: infected seed, flat grain, broken kernel are rejected in meticulous seed selection; Seed purity 99% after screening, cleanliness 98%, germination rate 85%;
1.5 sowing
1.5.1 seedtime: Ta Zi village of Cheng Zi township, Songshan District, Chifeng, June 20 was sowed;
1.5.2 quantity is sowed: seeding quantity is 25.5kg/hm
2; Number of keeping a full stand of seedings is 270,000 strains/hm
2;
1.5.3 sow: adopt the sowing of large-ridge double-row precision sower, sowing depth is adjusted to 5cm; Before sower, fertilising furrow plough spacing is adjusted to 53cm, and 2 seed opener spacing of both sides, each fertilising furrow plough rear are adjusted to 7cm; According to fertilising, seeding quantity adjustment fertilizer can fertilizer-shaking device and seed-box sowing implement;
1.6 field management
1.6.1 weeding before seedling: dispenser within after planting three days, is watered soil table and sprays, with 72% isopropyl methoxalamine missible oil 3000ml/hm
2, to water 1200kg//hm
2.
1.6.2 intertill and clean tillage: intertill and clean tillage carries out shallow weeding in conjunction with thinning, weeding after seedling first compound leaf expanded for the first time, second time intertillage is before mung bean envelope ridge;
1.6.3 thinning, final singling: when carrying out seedling thinning after first compound leaf expanded after mung bean is emerged, final singling during 4 leaves, spacing in the rows is 13.9cm, removes weak seedling, sick seedling, seedling, stays strong sprout, carries out individual plant and stays seedling, is beneficial to robust plant growth;
1.7 results: when 70% beanpod is that brown-black is in good time, gather in the crops in the morning with at dusk.The beanpod of gathering through drying, threshing, clean after, storage of putting in storage when moisture content of kernels is below 14%.
General planting 2: plot adjacent with embodiment 2, area 21 mu, row spacing 45cm, single file, seeding quantity 42.5kg/hm
2, number of keeping a full stand of seedings is 280,000 strains/hm
2; Thinning, intertillage, fertilising and other control measures are identical with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 3
Test time, place, area: 2015, Zha Saiyingzi village, Xin Hui town, Aohan Banner, Chifeng City, 16 mu.
Weather conditions: between breeding time, (the 5-9 month) prophase programming is less, and rainfall harvest time of bearing pods is more, monthly mean temperature 21.2 DEG C, Month average rainfall 85.1mm.
Soil organic matter determination data
Table 3 soil nutrient determination data
| Organic | Full nitrogen | Available phosphorus | Slowly available potassium | Available potassium |
| g/kg | g/kg | mg/kg | mg/kg | mg/kg |
| 13.87 | 0.87 | 5.7 | 308 | 120 |
A kind of northern mung bean nonirrigated farmland large-ridge double-row cost-saving synergistic cultivation method, is made up of following steps:
1.1 crop rotations: the rotation system of millet-Chinese sorghum-mung bean;
1.2 wholely: deep plough early autumn 20cm, rakes the soil level, reach flat before broadcasting, defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, and field is without large clod and dark clod;
1.3 fertilisings: based on " base manure, seed manure are auxiliary, topdress as mending ", " fertilizer be lead, inorganic fertilizer is auxiliary ";
1.3.1 base manure: combining ploughs applies the farmyard manure 18750kg/hm become thoroughly decomposed
2make base manure;
1.3.2 seed manure: fertilizing amount is active ingredient 64% diammonium phosphate (N:18, P
2o
5: 46) 300kg/hm
2; Active ingredient 50% potassium sulfate 103.8kg/hm
2;
1.3.3 topdress: combine second time intertillage and impose urea 73kg/hm
2;
1.4 seed treatment: infected seed, flat grain, broken kernel are rejected in meticulous seed selection; Seed purity 99% after screening, cleanliness 98%, germination rate 85%;
1.5 sowing
1.5.1 seedtime: Zha Saiyingzi village, Xin Hui town, Aohan Banner, Chifeng, June 20 was sowed;
1.5.2 quantity is sowed: seeding quantity is 30kg/hm
2; Number of keeping a full stand of seedings is 300,000 strains/hm
2;
1.5.3 sow: adopt the sowing of large-ridge double-row precision sower, sowing depth is adjusted to 5cm; Before sower, fertilising furrow plough spacing is adjusted to 55cm, and 2 seed opener spacing of both sides, each fertilising furrow plough rear are adjusted to 7cm; According to fertilising, seeding quantity adjustment fertilizer can fertilizer-shaking device and seed-box sowing implement;
1.6 field management
1.6.1 weeding before seedling: dispenser within after planting three days, is watered soil table and sprays, with 72% isopropyl methoxalamine missible oil 3000ml/hm
2, to water 1200kg//hm
2;
1.6.2 intertill and clean tillage: intertill and clean tillage carries out shallow weeding in conjunction with thinning, weeding after seedling first compound leaf expanded for the first time, second time intertillage is before mung bean envelope ridge;
1.6.3 thinning, final singling: when carrying out seedling thinning after first compound leaf expanded after mung bean is emerged, final singling during 4 leaves, spacing in the rows is 12.1cm, removes weak seedling, sick seedling, seedling, stays strong sprout, carries out individual plant and stays seedling, is beneficial to robust plant growth;
1.7 results: when 70% beanpod is that brown-black is in good time, gather in the crops in the morning with at dusk.The beanpod of gathering through drying, threshing, clean after, storage of putting in storage when moisture content of kernels is below 14%.
General planting 3: plot adjacent with embodiment 3, area 9 mu, row spacing 45cm, single file, seeding quantity 45.0kg/hm
2, number of keeping a full stand of seedings is 300,000 strains/hm
2.Thinning, intertillage, fertilising and other control measures are identical with embodiment 3.
Embodiment 4
Test time, place, area: 2015, Bao Qian village of Chifeng City's Balin Left Banner 13 pile of stones township, 18 mu;
Weather conditions: between breeding time, (the 5-9 month) rainfall is comparatively even, monthly mean temperature 17.9 DEG C, Month average rainfall 82.8mm;
Soil organic matter determination data
Table 4 soil nutrient determination data
| Organic | Full nitrogen | Available phosphorus | Slowly available potassium | Available potassium |
| g/kg | g/kg | mg/kg | mg/kg | mg/kg |
| 19.272 | 1.298 | 9.2 | 54 | 181 |
A kind of northern mung bean nonirrigated farmland large-ridge double-row cost-saving synergistic cultivation method, is made up of following steps:
1.1 crop rotations: the rotation system of millet-Chinese sorghum-mung bean;
1.2 wholely: deep plough early autumn 20cm, rakes the soil level, reach flat before broadcasting, defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, and field is without large clod and dark clod.
1.3 fertilisings: based on " base manure, seed manure are auxiliary, topdress as mending ", " fertilizer be lead, inorganic fertilizer is auxiliary ";
1.3.1 base manure: combining ploughs applies the farmyard manure 15000kg/hm become thoroughly decomposed
2make base manure;
1.3.2 seed manure: fertilizing amount is active ingredient 64% diammonium phosphate (N:18, P
2o
5: 46) 265kg/hm
2; Active ingredient 50% potassium sulfate 90.0kg/hm
2;
1.3.3 topdress: combine second time intertillage and impose urea 63kg/hm
2.
1.4 seed treatment: infected seed, flat grain, broken kernel are rejected in meticulous seed selection; Seed purity 99% after screening, cleanliness 98%, germination rate 85%;
1.5 sowing
1.5.1 seedtime: Bao Qian village of Inner Mongol Balin Left Banner 13 pile of stones township, June 20 was sowed;
1.5.2 quantity is sowed: seeding quantity is 25.5kg/hm
2; Number of keeping a full stand of seedings is 270,000 strains/hm
2;
1.5.3 sow: adopt the sowing of large-ridge double-row precision sower, sowing depth is adjusted to 4cm; Before sower, fertilising furrow plough spacing is adjusted to 53cm, and 2 seed opener spacing of both sides, each fertilising furrow plough rear are adjusted to 7cm; According to fertilising, seeding quantity adjustment fertilizer can fertilizer-shaking device and seed-box sowing implement;
1.6 field management
1.6.1 weeding before seedling: dispenser within after planting three days, is watered soil table and sprays, with 72% isopropyl methoxalamine missible oil 3000ml/hm
2, to water 1200kg//hm
2;
1.6.2 intertill and clean tillage: intertill and clean tillage carries out shallow weeding in conjunction with thinning, weeding after seedling first compound leaf expanded for the first time; Second time intertillage is before mung bean envelope ridge;
1.6.3 thinning, final singling: when carrying out seedling thinning after first compound leaf expanded after mung bean is emerged, final singling during 4 leaves, spacing in the rows is 13.9cm, removes weak seedling, sick seedling, seedling, stays strong sprout, carries out individual plant and stays seedling, is beneficial to robust plant growth;
1.7 results: when 70% beanpod is that brown-black is in good time, gather in the crops in the morning with at dusk.The beanpod of gathering through drying, threshing, clean after, storage of putting in storage when moisture content of kernels is below 14%.
General planting 4: plot adjacent with embodiment 4, area 12 mu, row spacing 45cm, single file, seeding quantity 35.0kg/hm
2, number of keeping a full stand of seedings is 270,000 strains/hm
2; Thinning, intertillage, fertilising and other control measures are identical with embodiment 4.
Embodiment 5
Test time, place, area: 2015, Balin Left Banner Lin Dong town, Chifeng City Jing Zigoucun, 25 mu;
Weather conditions: between breeding time, (the 5-9 month) rainfall is comparatively even, monthly mean temperature 18.3 DEG C, Month average rainfall 88.1mm;
Soil organic matter determination data
Table 5 soil nutrient determination data
| Organic | Full nitrogen | Available phosphorus | Slowly available potassium | Available potassium |
| g/kg | g/kg | mg/kg | mg/kg | mg/kg |
| 23.054 | 1.446 | 6.9 | 55 | 137 |
A kind of northern mung bean nonirrigated farmland large-ridge double-row cost-saving synergistic cultivation method, is made up of following steps:
1.1 crop rotations: the rotation system of millet-Chinese sorghum-mung bean;
1.2 wholely: deep plough early autumn 20cm, rakes the soil level, reach flat before broadcasting, defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, and field is without large clod and dark clod;
1.3 fertilisings: based on " base manure, seed manure are auxiliary, topdress as mending ", " fertilizer be lead, inorganic fertilizer is auxiliary ";
1.3.1 base manure: combining ploughs applies the farmyard manure 15000kg/hm become thoroughly decomposed
2make base manure;
1.3.2 seed manure: fertilizing amount is active ingredient 64% diammonium phosphate (N:18, P
2o
5: 46) 225kg/hm
2; Active ingredient 50% potassium sulfate 76.2kg/hm
2;
1.3.3 topdress: combine second time intertillage and impose urea 53kg/hm
2;
1.4 seed treatment: infected seed, flat grain, broken kernel are rejected in meticulous seed selection; Seed purity 99% after screening, cleanliness 98%, germination rate 85%;
1.5 sowing
1.5.1 seedtime: Balin Left Banner Lin Dong town, Chifeng Jing Zigoucun, June 20 was sowed.
1.5.2 quantity is sowed: seeding quantity is 22.5kg/hm
2; Number of keeping a full stand of seedings is 240,000 strains/hm
2.
1.5.3 sow: adopt the sowing of large-ridge double-row precision sower, sowing depth is adjusted to 4cm; Before sower, fertilising furrow plough spacing is adjusted to 50cm, and 2 seed opener spacing of both sides, each fertilising furrow plough rear are adjusted to 7cm; According to fertilising, seeding quantity adjustment fertilizer can fertilizer-shaking device and seed-box sowing implement;
1.6 field management
1.6.1 weeding before seedling: dispenser within after planting three days, is watered soil table and sprays, with 72% isopropyl methoxalamine missible oil 3000ml/hm
2, to water 1200kg//hm
2;
1.6.2 intertill and clean tillage: intertill and clean tillage carries out shallow weeding in conjunction with thinning, weeding after seedling first compound leaf expanded for the first time; Second time intertillage is before mung bean envelope ridge;
1.6.3 thinning, final singling: when carrying out seedling thinning after first compound leaf expanded after mung bean is emerged, final singling during 4 leaves, spacing in the rows is 16.7cm, removes weak seedling, sick seedling, seedling, stays strong sprout, carries out individual plant and stays seedling, is beneficial to robust plant growth;
1.7 results: when 70% beanpod is that brown-black is in good time, gather in the crops in the morning with at dusk.The beanpod of gathering through drying, threshing, clean after, storage of putting in storage when moisture content of kernels is below 14%.
General planting 5: plot adjacent with embodiment 5, area 16 mu, row spacing 45cm, single file, seeding quantity 32.0kg/hm
2, number of keeping a full stand of seedings is 250,000 strains/hm
2; Thinning, intertillage, fertilising and other control measures are identical with embodiment 5.
Table 6 yield traits and Yield compari@
From table 6, the present invention at single-strain legumen number, single-strain grain weight, amount to hectare output and be better than general planting, improve 18.7%, 18.6%, 24.8%, 23.9%, 18.5% respectively, promote successful.
The analysis of table 7 cost-saving synergistic
From table 7, example 1-5 of the present invention reduces 120-240 unit/hectare at seed input ratio general planting 1-5 mean value; It is 4 mu/people/sky that the thinning of example 1-5, weeding manually drop into, labour cost is by 120 yuan of/day calculating, on average manually drop into (1.8 mu/people/sky) than general planting 1-5 and reduce 525 yuan/hectare, total input reduces 645-765 unit/hectare, abridged edition Be very effective.In improve effects, the present invention compares general planting mu improve effects 2398-3391 unit/hectare, and improve effects is remarkable.
Claims (4)
1. a northern mung bean nonirrigated farmland large-ridge double-row cost-saving synergistic cultivation method, is characterized in that: it is made up of following steps:
1.1 crop rotations: the necessary crop rotation of mung bean plantation, avoid continuous cropping, meet stubble, the north can adopt mung bean-millet-Chinese sorghum or Corn Rotation System pattern;
1.2 wholely: early autumn deep ploughs, and the degree of depth is 20cm ~ 25cm, rakes the soil level before broadcasting; Reach flat after raking the soil level, defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, field is without large clod and dark clod;
1.3 fertilisings: based on " base manure, seed manure are auxiliary, topdress as mending ", " fertilizer is main, inorganic fertilizer is auxiliary ", amount of application should according to basic fertility of soil, the grasp of yield index science;
1.3.1 base manure: combining ploughs applies the farmyard manure 15000kg ~ 22500kg/hm become thoroughly decomposed
2make base manure;
1.3.2 seed manure: fertilizing amount is used according to soil fertility situation, seed manure is N:P with the basic ratio of sum of topdressing
2o
5: K
2o=1:1.3:0.75;
1.3.3 topdress: seed manure does not have nitrogen fertilizer application, or base manure and seed manure deficiency, after emerging 20 ~ 25 days, envelope must be topdressed before ridge, weak seedling early should chase after seed manure, topdresses and uses instant nitrogenousfertilizer urea, consumption 53 ~ 73kg/hm
2;
1.4 seed preparations: infected seed, flat grain, broken kernel are rejected in meticulous seed selection; Seed after screening meets GB4404.2-2010 standard;
1.5 sowing
1.5.1 seedtime: late sowing in good time, makes full-bloom stage overlap with the epidemic disaster optimal period of the same period; Sowing date is determined to the last ten-days period according to rain fall in early June;
1.5.2 quantity is sowed: the thousand kernel weight of seedling number, germination rate and seed calculates seeding quantity as required, and seedling number is 18 ~ 300,000 strains/hm
2, the amount of broadcasting 22.5 ~ 30kg/hm
2;
1.5.3 sow: adopt the sowing of large-ridge double-row precision sower; Row spacing 50 ~ 55cm, ridge platform is sowed two row, and line space is 7 ~ 8cm; Sowing depth is 3 ~ 5cm, according to fertilising, seeding quantity adjustment fertilizer can fertilizer-shaking device and seed-box sowing implement, as sower should manually in time after broadcasting be suppressed without packer;
1.6 field management
1.6.1 weeding before seedling: dispenser within after planting three days, is watered soil table and sprays, can with 50% acetochlor ec 1500 ~ 2250ml/hm
2, 72% isopropyl methoxalamine missible oil 2250 ~ 3000ml/hm
2, 33% pendimethalin missible oil 2250 ~ 3000ml/hm
2, to water 750 ~ 1200kg//hm
2; Under soil drought condition, dispenser will strengthen water consumption;
1.6.2 intertill and clean tillage: intertill and clean tillage carries out shallow weeding in conjunction with weeding after seedling first compound leaf expanded for the first time, second time intertillage is carried out before mung bean envelope ridge;
1.6.3 thinning, final singling: when carrying out seedling thinning after first compound leaf expanded after mung bean is emerged, final singling during 4 leaves, by namely fixed density, removes weak seedling, sick seedling, seedling, stays strong sprout, carries out individual plant and stays seedling, is beneficial to robust plant growth;
1.7 results: when 70% beanpod be that brown-black is gathered in the crops in good time, under the high temperature conditions, ripe pod is easy to crack, should in the morning dew not dry or at dusk time gather in the crops; The beanpod of gathering through drying, threshing, clean after, moisture content of kernels can put in storage storage below 14%.
2. northern mung bean nonirrigated farmland according to claim 1 large-ridge double-row cost-saving synergistic cultivation method, is characterized in that: in its step 1.3, total amount to fertilize controls in 50.8≤N≤69.2; 66.1≤P
2o
5≤ 90.0; 38.1≤K
2o≤51.9, unit: kg/hm
2.
3. northern mung bean nonirrigated farmland according to claim 1 large-ridge double-row cost-saving synergistic cultivation method, is characterized in that: planting substandard in its step 1.4 is purity 99%, cleanliness 98%, germination rate 85%.
4. northern mung bean nonirrigated farmland according to claim 1 large-ridge double-row cost-saving synergistic cultivation method, is characterized in that: in its step 1.4, carries out dressing control before sowing according to local main diseases and insect pests situation to seed.
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| CN108739197A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-11-06 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | A kind of north mung bean under-film drip irrigation high yield cultivating method |
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| CN115443869A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-12-09 | 湖南省作物研究所 | Efficient cultivation method of grain and fertilizer dual-purpose mung beans |
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