CN114258825B

CN114258825B - Cultivation method for improving cistanche deserticola seed quality and yield

Info

Publication number: CN114258825B
Application number: CN202111606995.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵晨光; 鱼腾飞; 李慧瑛; 马扎雅泰; 杨阳; 张斌武; 程业森; 谢宗才; 刘雪娟; 海莲; 王文舒; 桂翔; 谢菲; 罗炜
Original assignee: Alxa League Forestry Grassland Research Institute Alxa League Forestry Investigation And Planning Center Alxa Desert Research Center
Current assignee: Alxa League Forestry Grassland Research Institute Alxa League Forestry Investigation And Planning Center Alxa Desert Research Center
Priority date: 2021-12-24
Filing date: 2021-12-24
Publication date: 2023-06-06
Anticipated expiration: 2041-12-24
Also published as: CN114258825A

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving the quality and yield of cistanche deserticola seeds, which comprises the steps of cultivating cistanche deserticola, harvesting cistanche deserticola seeds and the like. According to the cistanche deserticola seed harvesting method, in the cistanche deserticola cultivation process, management and control are performed in terms of liquid manure, pollination, inflorescence and the like, and a sectional harvesting mode is adopted when cistanche deserticola seeds are harvested, so that the quality and the yield of the cistanche deserticola seeds can be remarkably improved when the cistanche deserticola seeds are produced in a large scale, meanwhile, the loss of resources such as liquid manure and the like can be greatly reduced, the production cost is effectively reduced, and the healthy and rapid development of the cistanche deserticola industry is promoted.

Description

Cultivation method for improving cistanche deserticola seed quality and yield

Technical Field

The invention relates to a cultivation method of cistanche seeds, in particular to a cultivation method for improving the quality and the yield of cistanche seeds.

Background

Cistanche salsa (Cistanche deserticola Ma) is a parasitic plant parasitic on the roots of the haloxylon ammodendron of desert trees, absorbs nutrients and moisture from the haloxylon ammodendron host, has the reputation of 'desert ginseng', has extremely high medicinal value, is a traditional rare Chinese medicinal material in China, and is mainly produced in Xinjiang and inner Mongolia Arlamia alliance. Although the quality of the cistanche salsa seeds is excellent, the yield can not meet the requirement of the current artificial forest for inoculating cistanche salsa, and in order to meet the requirement of the current market on the high-quality cistanche salsa seeds, it is necessary to develop a cultivation method for improving the quality and yield of the cistanche salsa seeds.

At present, domestic researches on cistanche seed quality and cistanche yield are only for analyzing influencing factors, and more attention is paid to improvement of cistanche yield and cistanche quality. For example, researchers begin with aspects of development rules of cistanche seeds and capsules, material supply of a cistanche-cistanche complex, material distribution rules among the cistanche-cistanche seeds and agronomic measures regulation and control effects, and the like, and the quality and the yield of cistanche seeds are studied by fully excavating the material supply potential of the cistanche-cistanche complex, reasonably regulating the material distribution among the cistanche-cistanche seeds and adopting agronomic measures regulation and control, wherein the agronomic measures adopted by the researchers comprise proper cistanche pruning, watering, fertilizing and the like, but the essential key links of management, promotion of pollination and the like of cistanche inflorescences are lacked, and the effect of double improvement of the quality and the yield of cistanche seeds is not obvious. Researchers also start from the aspects of host planting and cistanche inoculation technology, the effects of improving cistanche yield and quality and the like are achieved, but the quality and yield of cistanche seeds cannot be guaranteed.

Although some researchers have also proposed some cistanche deserticola seed high yield techniques, and generally put together the procedures of this technique, including: cistanche seed treatment, water and fertilizer management, topping, pest control, seed harvesting and the like. However, these techniques have several inconveniences, such as: the water and fertilizer management and control only prescribes annual irrigation and fertilizer application amount, the optimal irrigation and fertilizer application time is not prescribe, and the prescribed irrigation and fertilizer application amount is higher in actual production, so that resource waste is caused; in addition, the particle size is only used as a reference standard when the early cistanche seeds are selected, and the quality of cistanche seeds for inoculation cannot be judged from the actual situation; the topping of cistanche inflorescences is scientifically not carried out uniformly by taking 5 cm-10 cm as a standard, and the cistanche inflorescences are different in size in actual production, so that the phenomenon of insufficient nutrition supply and low seed quality can be caused by the operation according to the method.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide a cultivation method for improving the seed quality and yield of cistanche deserticola, so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:

some embodiments of the present invention provide a cultivation method for improving seed quality and yield of cistanche deserticola, comprising: cultivating cistanche deserticola, and harvesting cistanche deserticola seeds.

In the implementation step of cistanche salsa cultivation, the method for controlling the water and fertilizer comprises the following steps: the water filling amount is 25-45 kg/plant/cistanche deserticola for 3-10-3 months and 20 days each year, and the fertilization amount is 5-10 kg/year/plant/cistanche deserticola; the water filling amount is 25-45 kg/plant cistanche deserticola for 5 months 10-5 months 20 days each year; the water filling amount is 10-20 kg/plant cistanche for 11-11 months and 20 days each year.

In the implementation step of cistanche deserticola cultivation, the method for promoting pollination comprises the following steps: the bees are manually put in the flowering period according to the standard of 600 to 1000 bees per hectare.

In the implementation step of cistanche salsa cultivation, the screening criteria for the cistanche salsa seed-reserving inflorescences include: the inflorescence soil-out time is 4 months 5 days-4 months 15 days, the inflorescence diameter width is more than or equal to 3cm, and the inflorescence length is more than or equal to 20cm.

In the cistanche deserticola cultivation implementation step, the cistanche deserticola inflorescence management method comprises the following steps: and 8-32 rows of inflorescences are reserved from bottom to top, so that inflorescences are dead to prevent bacterial invasion, and the rest inflorescences are removed.

In some embodiments, the step of harvesting cistanche deserticola seed comprises:

covering cistanche deserticola with a harvesting bag below 40 meshes in middle and late 6 months every year to reserve inflorescences, and fastening the basal part; and

and (3) taking the reserved inflorescence length as a whole in the last 7 to the middle 8 of each year, and carrying out sectional harvesting after tightening by ropes.

Furthermore, each cistanche inflorescence can be collected in an upper section, a middle section and a lower section.

In some embodiments, the step of harvesting cistanche deserticola seed further comprises: and filling the obtained cistanche seeds into a cloth bag, and airing and storing the cloth bag at a ventilation position.

Compared with the prior art, the cultivation method provided by the invention can obviously improve the seed quality and yield of cistanche deserticola in large-scale production, can greatly reduce the loss of resources such as water and fertilizer, and effectively reduce various costs, thereby being beneficial to promoting the healthy and rapid development of cistanche deserticola industry.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the morphology and seed yield of cistanche deserticola plants according to the climate change in the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing annual water consumption statistics of a single Clostridium haloxylon in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a photograph of a cistanche deserticola flower bud withered and harvested in sections in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the comparison of seed yield per mu and seed yield per plant for different cistanche deserticola culture areas in the example of the present invention;

FIG. 5a is a graph showing the particle size ratio of cistanche seeds in different cistanche culture areas according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5b is a graph showing the comparison of dry seed weight, seed fullness and seed germination rate of different cistanche culture areas according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In view of the defects of the prior art, the applicant carries out long-term research and mass practice on the influence of different measures on the quality and the yield of cistanche seeds so as to improve the quality and the yield of cistanche seeds, and further solves a plurality of problems caused by uneven quality of seeds in the large-scale development of cistanche industry.

Furthermore, the applicant mainly carries out a great deal of researches on the aspects of seed reserving, cistanche inflorescence screening, seed production phase water and fertilizer management and control, artificial promotion pollination, cistanche inflorescence artificial management, cistanche seed segmented harvesting and storage and the like, and provides the technical scheme of the application on the basis, and the advantages of the method are mainly represented as follows: (1) Providing water and fertilizer regulation and control according to the water consumption rule of plants in the ecological special industry; (2) adopting a fixed value to manually put bees to increase pollination probability; (3) The cistanche deserticola topping is carried out according to the inflorescence ranking number, so that the cistanche deserticola seed quality is more scientifically and effectively improved; (4) The cistanche deserticola seed sectional harvesting is provided, and the workload of later stage seed screening is reduced.

The invention will be explained in more detail below by means of examples. It should be understood, however, that the specific functional details disclosed in this specification are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention in virtually any appropriately detailed embodiment.

The cultivation method for improving the quality and the yield of cistanche deserticola seeds mainly comprises the steps of cultivating cistanche deserticola and harvesting cistanche deserticola seeds. Of course, the steps of planting the host haloxylon ammodendron, selecting seeds of cistanche deserticola for inoculation, pretreating seeds, inoculating seeds and the like are included before the step of cultivating cistanche deserticola, but these steps can be performed in a manner known in the art, so a detailed description of these steps is omitted here. The steps of cultivating cistanche deserticola and harvesting cistanche deserticola seeds in the embodiments of the present invention and the beneficial effects thereof will be described in detail as follows.

The cistanche deserticola cultivation method mainly comprises the steps of seed reserving, cistanche deserticola inflorescence screening, water and fertilizer management and control in seed production phase, artificial promotion of pollination, cistanche deserticola inflorescence artificial management and the like, and related operations are as follows:

cistanche deserticola seed reserving inflorescence screening: the cistanche deserticola seed-reserving inflorescence selects a host shuttle without diseases; the inflorescence soil-out time is 4 months 5 days-4 months 15 days, the inflorescence soil-out is too early, freeze injury is easy to occur, the flowering period is too early, insect pollination cannot be carried out, and timely picking and digging are recommended; the diameter width of the inflorescence is more than or equal to 3cm, the length of the inflorescence is more than or equal to 20cm, and seeds cannot be produced or the quality of the seeds is extremely poor due to too small inflorescence. The state of cistanche deserticola plant and seed yield change along with the time of cistanche deserticola emergence are shown in fig. 1, and seed yield conditions of cistanche deserticola at different time of cistanche deserticola emergence are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

And (3) water and fertilizer management and control: cistanche deserticola is parasitic vegetation, and moisture and nutrients required by vegetative growth and reproductive growth are provided by a host haloxylon ammodendron, and the cistanche deserticola does not have the capability of absorbing the moisture and the nutrients from soil. Therefore, the water and fertilizer management and control takes the water irrigation and fertilizer application of the haloxylon ammodendron as a main measure. According to the characteristics of water consumption of the growth of the haloxylon ammodendron and the growth of the haloxylon ammodendron being bimodal, 110 kg/year of water is irrigated to the haloxylon ammodendron, 10 kg/year of fertilizer is applied, according to the water demand characteristics of the haloxylon ammodendron, specific allocation measures are that the water consumption is 25-45 kg/plant cistanche, and the fertilizer application amount is 5-10 kg/year/plant cistanche; the water filling amount is 25-45 kg/plant cistanche deserticola for 5 months 10-5 months 20 days each year; the water filling amount is 10-20 kg/plant cistanche for 11-11 months and 20 days each year. In autumn, the water is not suitable for irrigation, and the generation of the lignification of the new shoots of the haloxylon ammodendron is affected.

In a more specific embodiment of the present invention (defined as embodiment 1-1), 7 standard woods can be selected from the haloxylon ammodendron artificial forest with good growth condition, and the haloxylon ammodendron water consumption measurement is performed by a trunk runoff meter, a soil infiltration meter and a plant photosynthesis meter, and the measurement results are shown in fig. 2. The average water consumption of the haloxylon ammodendron is 389.6L and is bimodal, namely the growing peak period of the haloxylon ammodendron is 4 to 6 months in the last ten days, 6 to 7 days in the last ten days is a dormant period, and the second growing peak period is entered from 8 to 9 days in the last ten days.

On the basis of the embodiment 1-1, the water and fertilizer management and control can be further carried out according to the haloxylon ammodendron annual growth curve, and the specific measures are as follows: 4 rows of shuttle are planted in 2014, each row of shuttle is 100 plants, and the following treatment is carried out: the annual water filling amount is 110L/year/plant, 45L/plant is filled in the last ten days of 3 months, 5 kg/plant is fertilized, 45L/plant is filled in the last ten days of 5 months, 5 kg/plant is fertilized, and 20L/plant is filled in the last ten days of 11 months, which is example 2-1; the annual irrigation amount is 45L/plant, and the irrigation time is 3 months at the beginning and is example 2-2; 110L/year/plant of water is irrigated, 10 kg/plant of fertilizer is applied, and the time for irrigating is 3 months at the beginning of the period of example 2-3; comparative experiments were performed without irrigation and without fertilization for examples 2-4, and data concerning the annual cistanche inflorescence, cistanche seed yield and quality, and the host haloxylon ammodendron were measured, with the results shown in table 2 below:

TABLE 2

The effect of soil moisture content on the characteristics of the haloxylon ammodendron-cistanche plants is seen (table 3). Along with the reduction of the water content of the soil, the haloxylon ammodendron plant height, the crown breadth, the young shoot growth, the fleshy stem thickness and the inflorescence length are all obviously reduced. The haloxylon ammodendron height, crown breadth, shoot growth, fleshy stem thickness and inflorescence length of mild drought treatment (LS) were reduced by 16.9%, 11.6%, 21.2%, 20.3% and 16.9%, respectively, compared to the control. The severe drought treatment (HS) was reduced by 50%, 55.9%, 77.3%, 55.1% and 53.2%, respectively, with significant differences (P < 0.05).

TABLE 3 Table 3

Moisture treatment affected cistanche seed particle size and quality (table 4). As the water content of the soil decreases, the proportion of seeds with the particle diameter of more than 0.7mm decreases, and the proportion of seeds with the particle diameter of less than 0.5mm increases. The proportion of seeds with the diameter of more than 0.7mm after the light drought and the heavy drought treatment is reduced by 10.6 percent and 32.4 percent compared with the control, and the proportion of seeds with the diameter of less than 0.5mm is increased by 5.8 percent and 54.6 percent. Along with the reduction of the water content of soil, the thousand seed weight, the plumpness and the germination rate of cistanche deserticola seeds are reduced. The thousand seed weight of the seeds after the mild drought and the severe drought treatment is reduced by 7.8 percent and 25.7 percent compared with the control, the seed fullness is reduced by 4 percent and 17.7 percent, and the germination rate is reduced by 2.4 percent and 25.7 percent (P is less than 0.05).

TABLE 4 Table 4

According to the water amount of 25-45 kg/plant cistanche for 3-10-3 months and 20 days each year, the fertilization amount of 5-10 kg/year/plant cistanche; the water filling amount is 25-45 kg/plant cistanche deserticola for 5 months 10-5 months 20 days each year; the water filling amount is 10-20 kg/plant/cistanche salsa for 11-11 months and 20 days each year, the water content of the soil can be kept at 10-15%, and the seed yield and quality of cistanche salsa are the highest.

Promoting pollination: cistanche deserticola is a vector flower, and insects such as hymenoptera must be relied on for pollination. In the main production area of cistanche, the diversity and abundance of insects in the blooming period of cistanche are low, so that the italian bees with different abundance should be artificially added), the pollination insects of cistanche are increased, the pollen placement quantity of cistanche is increased, the pollination deficiency is compensated, the pollination of cistanche flowers is promoted, and the standard of throwing is 1000 per hectare.

Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the pollination promoting means may be employed on the basis of the foregoing means, particularly the foregoing embodiment 2-1, including: 1000 Italian bees per hectare were artificially bred as example 3-1, 1200 Italian bees per hectare were bred as example 3-2, 800 Italian bees per hectare were bred as example 3-3, 600 Italian bees per hectare were bred as example 3-4, 400 Italian bees per hectare were bred as example 3-5, 200 Italian bees per hectare were bred as example 3-6, and Italian bees were not artificially bred as example 3-7, with the results shown in Table 5 below.

TABLE 5

The effect of artificial bee feeding on the interview frequency of cistanche flowers and the yield and quality of cistanche seeds is remarkable (Table 6), when 1000 flowers/hectare and 1200 flowers/hectare are fed, the interview frequency of single flowers is increased by 9.7 times and 10.7 times, the yield of cistanche seeds of single flowers is increased by 23.5 times and 24 times, and the ratio of high-quality cistanche seeds (particle size is more than or equal to 0.5 mm) is increased by 2.8 times and 2.9 times.

TABLE 6

From the above results, it is clear that the Italian stocking can increase the frequency of the cistanche flowers to be visited and reduce the abortion rate of the cistanche flowers. From the comparison, the effect is best when the density of the artificially bred Italian bees reaches 600-1000 bees/hectare.

Cistanche inflorescence management: the cistanche inflorescence is a spiral inflorescence, seeds are ripe from the lower part of the inflorescence, the seed yield and the seed quality are gradually reduced from the lower part to the upper part of the inflorescence, so that the cistanche inflorescence is convenient to manage and leave 8-32 rows of flowers, redundant flowers and inflorescences are timely removed, and the inflorescences are preferably removed by hand breaking or non-iron objects during removal, so that inflorescences death caused by bacterial invasion is avoided.

Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, 8 to 32 rows (2/3 of all rows of flowers) of cistanche flowers according to the inflorescence of cistanche flowers as the embodiment 4-1, the embodiment 4-2 was obtained by directly removing 5cm from the top, the embodiment 4-3 was obtained by removing 10cm from the top, and the embodiment 4-4 was obtained by not topping, and the results are shown in Table 7 below.

TABLE 7

The inflorescence abortion rate of the cistanche deserticola is high without removing the excess cistanche deserticola, the nutrition supply cannot keep pace, and high-quality seeds cannot be produced; because the inflorescences have different lengths, the inflorescences of cistanche deserticola can not be simply reserved by the lengths, the abortion rate of cistanche deserticola flowers can not be effectively reduced, and the nutrition of the fleshy stems of cistanche deserticola can not be effectively absorbed by the lower part and the middle part of the cistanche deserticola high-quality seeds. Therefore, the management of the cistanche inflorescences should be carried out with 8-24 flowers, and the redundant flowers and inflorescences should be removed in time, so that the abortion rate of the cistanche inflorescences can be effectively reduced, and the quality and the yield of cistanche seeds are improved.

Cistanche deserticola seed setting rates of different inflorescences are different, and as the number of inflorescences of cistanche deserticola increases, the number of capsules, the number of effects and the seed setting rate increase (Table 8). The number of capsules and the effective number of the inflorescences in 8-32 rows are increased by 248.7% and 349.1% when the number of inflorescences is less than 8 rows, and the number of capsules and the effective number of the inflorescences in > 32 rows are increased by 329.5% and 396.1% when the number of inflorescences is less than 8 rows (user < 0.05). For cistanche deserticola fruiting rate of different inflorescence lengths, fruiting rates of 8-32 rows and > 32 rows are increased by 26.4% and 13.2% respectively (P < 0.05) compared with those of < 8 rows. The setting rate of 8-32 rows is higher than that of > 32 rows because the nutrition supply of the long cistanche inflorescences is possibly insufficient, so that the setting rate is reduced.

TABLE 8

The cistanche seeds with different inflorescences have different quality, and the thousand seed weight, plumpness and germination rate of the seeds are increased along with the increase of the inflorescences of the cistanche (table 9). The thousand seed weight, plumpness and germination rate of the seeds at the inflorescence quantity of 8-32 rows are increased by 31.8%, 18.5% and 22.4% compared with those at the inflorescence quantity of less than 8 rows (P is less than 0.05). The thousand seed weight, plumpness and germination rate of seeds at inflorescence > 32 rows are increased by 32%, 19.1% and 23.6% (P < 0.05) compared with those at the stage of inflorescence > 32 rows.

TABLE 9

The seed setting rate of different parts of the inflorescence is different (Table 10. The number of capsules at the upper part of the inflorescence is at most 69, 30.2% and 20% higher than the middle part and the lower part of the inflorescence (P < 0.05), the seed setting rate at the lower part of the inflorescence is at most 94.8% higher than the upper part and the middle part of the inflorescence (P < 0.05), and the contribution rate of the seed weight of different parts of the inflorescence to the seed weight of a single plant is 34.46% and 41.42% higher than the middle part and the lower part of the inflorescence, which is significantly higher than 24.12% of the upper part (F < 0.05).

Sectional harvesting of cistanche seeds: when the inflorescences of the whole cistanche deserticola are withered in the middle and late ten days of 6 months, the whole cistanche deserticola are sleeved by a harvesting bag with the size of less than 40 meshes, the basal part is fastened, and the mature cistanche deserticola seed buds are prevented from being burst and seeds are prevented from being scattered. Allowing cistanche inflorescences to mature in production places, harvesting after cistanche inflorescences are completely dried in the middle of 7-8 months, extracting cistanche inflorescences from the places during harvesting, taking the length of the cistanche inflorescences by using a ruler, fastening the cistanche inflorescences by using ropes with the middle number of the length as a boundary, and harvesting in sections, so that the workload of later stage seed screening can be greatly reduced. Specifically, one of the operation modes may be referred to as shown in fig. 3.

The different parts of inflorescences have different fruiting rates (table 10). The number of the upper capsules of the inflorescence is 69 at most, which is 30.2% and 20% higher than that of the middle and lower parts of the inflorescence (P < 0.05). The highest fruiting rate of the lower part of the inflorescence reaches 94.8 percent, which is 36.8 percent and 8 percent higher than that of the upper part and the middle part of the inflorescence respectively (P is less than or equal to 0.05). The contribution rate of the seed weights of different parts of the inflorescence to the seed weights of the single plant is 34.46% and 41.42%, which is obviously higher than that of the upper part of the inflorescence, wherein F is less than 0.05.

Table 10

The quality of seeds at different parts of inflorescence is different. The thousand seed weight, plumpness, and germination rate were ranked from high to low as inflorescence lower > inflorescence middle > inflorescence upper (table 11). The thousand seed weight of the middle and lower inflorescences is increased by 25.47% and 52.47% compared with that of the upper inflorescences, the plumpness is increased by 6.7% and 8.9%, the germination rate is increased by 13.7% and 20.8% (P < 0.05), and the germination rate is increased by 22.1% and 29.8% (P < 0.05).

TABLE 11

In conclusion, the time required from flowering to capsule cracking of cistanche deserticola seeds is about 40d, the thousand seed weight and the plumpness of cistanche deserticola seeds are all maximum after flowers of 40d, and the proportion of seeds less than 0.5mm is minimum after flowers of 40d, and the weight and the plumpness are respectively 0.0872g, 84.9% and 9.9%. The germination rate of the seeds reached a maximum of 51.4% at 35d after flowers. When the number of the cistanche inflorescences is 8-32 rows, the mass production of cistanche seeds is most facilitated, and the quality difference of capsules seeds at different positions is obvious, wherein the lower part of inflorescences is more than the middle part of inflorescences and more than the upper part of inflorescences.

Cistanche deserticola seed storage: the cistanche seed embryo just harvested is incomplete, the seed color is tan, at this time, the cistanche seed is put into a cloth bag, is placed in a ventilation place for airing, can be kept in a dark place without constant temperature, and is placed in an airing room for water and insect damage prevention. In addition, if the conditions allow, cistanche seeds can also be stored in a seed warehouse.

The morphology difference between the cistanche salsa plants cultivated in the area (hereinafter referred to as project area) cultivated by the cistanche salsa seeds by the method of the invention and the cistanche salsa plants cultivated in the traditional production area (hereinafter referred to as control area) is obvious (Table 12). After the project area is treated by the artificial tending and managing measures, the height, the crown width and the growth quantity of the young shoots of the haloxylon ammodendron are higher than those of the control area. The meat stems of cistanche deserticola are longer, thicker and the inflorescence length is higher than that of cistanche deserticola in the control area.

Table 12

There were significant differences in seed setting rate and yield between cistanche deserticola in the project area and cistanche deserticola in the control area (Table 13, FIG. 4). The setting rate of cistanche deserticola in the project area is 15.57% higher than that in the cistanche deserticola planting area of Bayan Huo Dega, and 16.34% higher than that in the cistanche deserticola planting area of Bayan Tao Hai. The seed yield of the single cistanche deserticola in the project area is 45.42% higher than that of the cistanche deserticola planting area checked by Bayan Huo Dega, 36.82% higher than that of the cistanche deserticola planting area checked by Bayan Tao Hai, and the mu yield is more than or equal to 2 times higher than that of the control area.

TABLE 13

In addition, the seed particle size and seed quality index of cistanche deserticola in the cultivation area were also significantly different from those in the control area (Table 14, FIGS. 5 a-5 b). The high-quality cistanche deserticola seed with the project area of more than or equal to 0.5mm accounts for 65.13 percent, which is 10.6 percent higher than that of the cistanche deserticola Huo Dega cultivation area and 21.22 percent higher than that of the cistanche deserticola Tao Hai cultivation area, and the project area effectively improves the high-quality cistanche deserticola seed proportion by adopting the method of the invention from the aspect of the particle size of the cistanche deserticola seeds. The thousand grain weight of cistanche deserticola seeds in the project area is 10.11% higher than that in the cistanche deserticola planting area checked by Bayan Huo Dega, 20.36% higher than that in the cistanche deserticola planting area checked by Bayan Tao Hai, 8.4% and 5.3% higher than that in the control area, and 9.2% and 11.1% higher than that in the control area.

TABLE 14

In the foregoing embodiment of the present invention, the operations of the steps of planting the host haloxylon ammodendron, seed screening of cistanche deserticola for inoculation, seed pretreatment, seed inoculation, and the like may be appropriately optimized. For example, when planting a host shuttleThe height of the host shuttle can be more than or equal to 1m, and the crown width can be more than or equal to 1m ² The method has no requirement on the forestation years of the haloxylon ammodendron, can produce cistanche deserticola seeds in advance, and reduces the input cost. The shuttle forest selects two rows of artificial forest with one belt, and the optimal configuration mode is 1 multiplied by 5m, namely plant spacing L ₁ =1m, line spacing L ₂ =1m, tape pitch L ₃ =5m, so that the cistanche deserticola can be maximized in soil emergence, and the requirement of mechanized operation is met. When cistanche seeds for inoculation are screened, alternate seeds with the particle size of more than or equal to 0.5mm, black brown seed coats, hard touch and full appearance are selected, so that the inoculation rate can be improved. When the seeds are pretreated, the seeds of the screened cistanche deserticola can be cleaned before being inoculated, so that the seed purity is more than or equal to 85 percent. The cistanche deserticola seed is placed in the soaking solution of the root system of the haloxylon ammodendron at the temperature of 30-45 ℃ for 6-8 hours, then the cistanche deserticola seed is disinfected, and finally the cistanche deserticola seed is placed under the sun for exposure for 24 hours. During seed inoculation, 1-2 holes can be dug at the position 40-60 cm away from the main trunk of the selected host shuttle after the shuttle is subjected to the same branch and turning green or autumn lignification, the hole depth is 40-60 cm, cistanche seeds are inoculated, and 80-100 seeds/hole are used for guaranteeing the inoculation rate and reducing the cost. And uniformly sowing along the bottom of the hole by adopting a sowing mode. After the completion, the mixed sand is backfilled in the inoculation hole to about 10cm from the hole opening, the inoculation hole is not filled with sand to be flush with the ground, so that nutrient exchange is increased in a natural state, the soil temperature is improved, rainwater is gathered during rainfall, and the inoculation rate is improved by utilizing the heat and water tendency of roots. After inoculation, the water is irrigated once, and the irrigation amount is 30-45 kg/plant time. When in irrigation, 3% aqueous solution of ferrous sulfate is filled into the inoculation holes, and the dosage of each hole is 2kg, so that sterilization and soil acidity improvement are realized, and cistanche insect pests are prevented.

While the invention has been described with reference to an illustrative embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various other changes, omissions and/or additions may be made and substantial equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the scope thereof. Therefore, it is not intended that the invention be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed for carrying out this invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for improving the quality and yield of cistanche deserticola seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a step of planting a host shuttle, comprising: selecting two rows of artificial shuttle forest with a row spacing of 1m, a row spacing of 1m and a belt spacing of 5m, wherein the tree height of the host shuttle is more than or equal to 1m, and the crown width is more than or equal to 1 m;

a step of screening cistanche seeds for inoculation, comprising the following steps: selecting cistanche seeds with the particle size of more than or equal to 0.5mm and hard touch feeling and plump appearance as cistanche seeds for inoculation;

the step of preprocessing cistanche seeds for inoculation comprises the following steps: the screened cistanche deserticola seeds with the seed purity of more than or equal to 85 percent are placed into the haloxylon ammodendron root system soaking solution at the temperature of 30-45 ℃ for 6-8 hours, then disinfection treatment is carried out, and then the cistanche deserticola seeds are placed under the sun for 24 hours;

a step of inoculating cistanche deserticola seeds, comprising: digging 1-2 holes at the position 40-60 cm away from the trunk of the selected host shuttle after the host shuttle is turned green or lignified in autumn, inoculating cistanche deserticola seeds with the depth of 40-60 cm, wherein the inoculation amount is 80-100 grains/hole;

a cistanche deserticola cultivation step, which comprises the following steps:

the water fertilizer is controlled by adopting a control method comprising the following steps: the water filling amount is 25-45 kg/plant/cistanche deserticola for 3-10-3 months and 20 days each year, and the fertilization amount is 5-10 kg/year/plant/cistanche deserticola; the water filling amount is 25-45 kg/plant cistanche deserticola for 5 months 10-5 months 20 days each year; the water filling amount is 10 kg/plant/cistanche deserticola for 11 months 10 to 11 months 20 days each year;

manually throwing bees according to the standard of 600-1000 bees per hectare in the flowering period to promote pollination;

the cistanche inflorescence is managed, and the management method comprises the following steps: reserving 8-32 inflorescences from bottom to top as cistanche deserticola seed reserving inflorescences, and removing the rest inflorescences;

screening cistanche deserticola seed-reserving inflorescences, wherein the screening criteria comprise: the inflorescence soil-out time is 4 months 5 days-4 months 15 days, the inflorescence diameter width is more than or equal to 3cm, and the inflorescence length is more than or equal to 20cm;

the cistanche deserticola seed harvesting step comprises the following steps: covering cistanche deserticola seed-reserving inflorescences with a harvesting bag below 40 meshes in middle and late 6 months each year, fastening the basal part, and carrying out segmented harvesting after fastening the whole length of the reserved inflorescences in the middle and late 7 months each year and the middle and late 8 months each year, wherein each cistanche deserticola seed-reserving inflorescences is divided into an upper stage, a middle stage and a lower stage for harvesting, and the harvested cistanche deserticola seeds are filled into a cloth bag and are placed in a ventilated place for airing and storage.