CN112616585A - Method for cultivating millet crops - Google Patents
Method for cultivating millet crops Download PDFInfo
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- CN112616585A CN112616585A CN202011478304.0A CN202011478304A CN112616585A CN 112616585 A CN112616585 A CN 112616585A CN 202011478304 A CN202011478304 A CN 202011478304A CN 112616585 A CN112616585 A CN 112616585A
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- millet
- crops
- film
- furrows
- soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
Abstract
The invention provides a method for cultivating millet crops, and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation. The invention comprises the following steps: ridging according to wide and narrow row spacing, sowing the corn crops in the furrows, covering the furrows with full mulching films during sowing, covering the furrows with soil, and harvesting after the corn crops are mature. According to the invention, ventilation and light transmission are improved through wide and narrow rows, the film covering is heated and the evaporation is suppressed, the furrows are alternately arranged, the film covering and rain collecting on the ridges, the film surface overlapping of the ridges and the rain collecting in the furrows are added to change the rainfall space-time distribution, the effective water converted from ineffective rainfall smaller than 10mm is stored and utilized, the soil water heat is timely regulated and controlled, the yield can be improved by about 15% compared with the open field flat operation, and the yield can be improved by about 9% compared with the full film covering flat operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating millet crops, in particular to a method for cultivating millet, broomcorn millet and broom corn millet crops.
Background
All the time, the millet crops are important export products in China, and among a plurality of export specialities, the millet crops belong to bulk products, the price of the millet crops in foreign markets is far higher than that of other crops, and the sales quantity is far smaller than the demand quantity. In recent years, with the development of economy and the improvement of living standard of people, people pay attention to the safety problem of grains, and the sale of the millet crops is more short of the demand.
The planting areas of the millet crops in China are mainly concentrated in the northwest, the north China and the south China, and the common points of the areas are as follows: the economic lag, the bad weather and natural conditions, and the slow progress of the industrialization of the millet crops due to the defects. For example, millet, broomcorn millet and broom corn millet crops are scattered in planting plots, shallow in soil layer, low in organic matter content, arid and barren, basically without irrigation conditions, deep in underground water level and high in water taking cost, so that the millet, broomcorn millet and broom corn millet crops are not irrigated during planting and are typical rain-fed agriculture. Under the environmental conditions of severe weather and natural conditions, the requirement of the millet crops on illumination, moisture and nutrients is met through cultivation management measures, and the method is a necessary measure for ensuring and improving the yield of the millet crops.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a method for cultivating millet crops, which improves ventilation and light transmission, increases temperature of a film covering and inhibits evaporation by improving wide and narrow rows, alternately arranges furrows, covers the ridges with films and collects rain, overlaps the side film surfaces of the ridges with rain, collects rain in the furrows, changes rainfall space-time distribution, improves the climate of the millet crops close to the ground, and improves the yield.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for culturing the millet crops includes such steps as ridging in wide and narrow row intervals, sowing the millet crops in furrows, covering with full ground film, covering with soil, and harvesting after the millet crops are ripe.
Preferably, base fertilizer is applied before ridging.
Preferably, the millet crops are millet, broomcorn millet and broom corn millet crops.
Preferably, the ridging is carried out according to wide and narrow row spacing, wherein the width of a large ridge is 70-90 cm, and the width of a small ridge is 30-50 cm.
Preferably, the ridge is 8-10 cm high.
Preferably, the millet crops are sowed in holes, the hole distance is 18-20 cm, and 5-8 seeds are sowed in each hole.
Preferably, the width of the mulching film is 100-140 cm.
Preferably, the thickness of the furrow covering soil is 0.5-1.0 cm.
More preferably, the base fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer applied according to a soil testing formula.
More preferably, the mulching film is a polyethylene mulching film or a biodegradable mulching film, the thickness of the polyethylene mulching film is more than or equal to 0.010mm, and the thickness of the biodegradable mulching film is 0.006-0.015 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, through wide-narrow row planting, the ventilation and light transmission capability is improved, and the problems of poor ventilation and light transmission in the later growth stage of crops and low and unstable crop yield are solved.
The method changes the micro-landform by arranging the furrows at intervals and covering the whole film, adjusts the soil temperature timely, increases the temperature at low temperature, forms water drops on the film surface at high temperature, and can reduce the temperature by dropping the water drops, thereby solving the problems that the broomcorn crops are low in spring sowing temperature and difficult in seedling protection when the crops emerge. Meanwhile, the water on the ridges and on the ridge sides is quickly and smoothly gathered in the ditches, evaporation and runoff are effectively inhibited, ineffective water is converted into effective water, and the problems that the rainfall amount of a dry farming area is small, the annual and seasonal variability is large, the water-requiring period and the water-supplying period of crops are staggered and ineffective and the less-than-10 mm effective rainfall cannot be effectively utilized due to uneven distribution are solved.
The invention realizes the flow generation on the ridges and the flow collection in the ditches, concentrates and stores the water at the roots of the crops for the growth and development of the crops, and promotes the yield increase of the crops through the change of the microbial habitat. Compared with open field flat planting, the yield can be improved by about 15 percent, and compared with full film-coating flat planting, the yield can be improved by about 9 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention discloses a schematic diagram of a method for cultivating millet crops.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for cultivating millet crops, belongs to rain farming agriculture, and is agricultural production which does not need artificial irrigation and only depends on natural rainfall as a moisture source and is suitable for dry farming agricultural areas. The invention can assist in taking relevant agricultural technical measures such as weeding, pest control and the like in the crop growth period so as to ensure the normal production of the millet crops. The millet crop of the invention is preferably selected from millet, broomcorn millet and broom corn millet. More preferably, the disease and insect resistant capability of crops is improved by selecting disease and insect resistant varieties or dressing seeds with medicaments.
The major elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are necessary for the growth of crops, and especially in rain farming, the original fertility of soil and the application of base fertilizer are main sources of nutrition of the whole growth period of the millet crops. Generally speaking, gramineous crops have low utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer, crops such as millet, broomcorn millet and broom corn millet have higher absorption and utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer than phosphate fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer is used as a quality factor and plays a key role in forming grains of the broom corn crops. The invention preferably selects a soil testing formula for fertilization, tests the nutrients in the soil, knows the content condition of the soil nutrients, and determines the fertilization dosage according to the target yield, the fertilizer requirement rule of crops and the soil nutrient condition. If the millet crops are planted in the yellow cotton soil with low nitrogen content and rich total phosphorus and potassium content, a certain amount of nitrogen fertilizer or nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer can be applied as a base fertilizer.
The method for cultivating the millet crops comprises the steps of constructing a wide-narrow row, full-film, micro-ridge and furrow sowing cultivation mode, constructing means of the cultivation mode is not specially limited, and the cultivation mode can be constructed manually or by adopting mechanized equipment such as a ridger, a seeder, a film laminating machine, a sowing full-film covering machine and the like.
The millet crops of the invention adopt a wide-narrow row full-film micro-ridge furrow sowing mode, large and small ridges are formed according to the wide and narrow row spacing, full ground covering is implemented, and the functions of soil moisture preservation, rain collection, temperature increase and yield increase are integrated. By wide and narrow row planting, the ventilation and light transmission capability is improved, furrows are arranged alternately, the whole film is covered, the micro landform is changed, the soil temperature is adjusted timely, the temperature is increased at low temperature, water drops are formed on the film surface at high temperature, and the temperature can be reduced when the water drops fall; meanwhile, water on the ridges and on the ridge sides is quickly and smoothly gathered in the ditches, evaporation and runoff are effectively inhibited, ineffective water is converted into effective water, flow generation on the ridges and flow collection in the ditches are realized, water is intensively stored at the roots of crops for growth and development of the crops, and the increase in yield of the crops is promoted through the change of the microbial environment. The specific construction method of the invention comprises the following steps: ridging according to wide and narrow row spacing, sowing the minced cereal crops in the furrows, carrying out full mulching film mulching during sowing, and then covering soil in the furrows. Preferably, the width of a large ridge is 70-90 cm, the width of a small ridge is 30-50 cm, the height of a ridge is 8-10 cm, the millet crops are sowed in holes, the hole distance is 18-20 cm, 5-8 seeds are sowed in each hole, the film width is 100-140 cm, and the thickness of ridge and furrow covering soil is 0.5-1.0 cm. More preferably, the width of a big ridge is 80cm, the width of a small ridge is 40cm, the height of the ridge is 8cm, the broomcorn crops are sowed in holes, the hole distance is 18cm, and the width of a film is 120 cm. When ridging, seeding, tectorial membrane, carry out the earthing in the furrow, bury the seed on the one hand, do benefit to the seed and germinate and emerge, on the other hand covers the membrane hole, avoids the wind-force to destroy the plastic film, guarantees the collection rain effect of plastic film.
More preferably, the mulching film is a polyethylene mulching film or a biodegradable mulching film, the thickness of the polyethylene mulching film is more than or equal to 0.010mm, and the thickness of the biodegradable mulching film is 0.006-0.015 mm. The polyethylene mulching film is superior to the biodegradable mulching film in the improvement of soil hydrothermal condition and the increase of yield, and is more beneficial to increasing both production and income; the biodegradable mulching film not only solves the problem of ecological environment pollution caused by difficult degradation of the common mulching film, but also saves manpower and material resources required by recycling the common mulching film, and has better application prospect.
The invention has no special limitation on the agronomic measures carried out in the growth period of the millet crops, and can adopt corresponding agronomic measures such as weeding, pest control and the like according to the actual requirements until the millet crops are ripe and harvested.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Big and small micro ridges are formed at wide and narrow row spacing, the width of the big ridge is 80cm, the width of the small ridge is 40cm, the height of the ridge is 8cm, the hole spacing in the ridge ditch is 18cm, 5-8 grains are sowed in each hole, film mulching and sowing are simultaneously carried out, the film width is 120cm, soil is covered in the ridge ditch, and the soil is covered by 1 cm. Diammonium phosphate is used as a base fertilizer and is applied at one time, and the application amount is 300kg/hm2. The mulching film is made of polyethylene with the thickness of 0.01 mm.
Example 2
Big and small micro ridges are formed at wide and narrow row spacing, the width of the big ridge is 80cm, the width of the small ridge is 40cm, the height of the ridge is 8cn, the hole spacing in the furrow is 18cm, 5-8 grains are sowed in each hole, film mulching and sowing are simultaneously carried out, the film width is 120cm, soil is covered in the furrow, and the soil is covered by 1 cm. Diammonium phosphate is used as a base fertilizer and is applied at one time, and the application amount is 300kg/hm2. The mulching film is a biodegradable mulching film with the thickness of 0.01 mm.
Example 3
Big and small micro ridges are formed at wide and narrow row spacing, the width of the big ridge is 70cm, the width of the small ridge is 30cm, the height of the ridge is 9cm, the hole spacing in the furrow is 20cm, 5-8 grains of husks are sowed in each hole, film mulching and sowing are simultaneously carried out, the film width is 100cm, soil is covered in the furrow, and the soil is covered by 0.7 cm. Diammonium phosphate is used as a base fertilizer and is applied at one time, and the application rate is 320kg/hm2. The mulching film is made of polyethylene with the thickness of 0.015 mm.
Example 4
And (3) forming large and small micro ridges at wide and narrow row spacing, wherein the width of the large ridge is 90cm, the width of the small ridge is 50cm, the height of the ridge is 10cm, the ridge is 18cm in the furrow at a hole spacing, 5-8 grains of broom corn are sowed in each hole, film covering and sowing are simultaneously carried out, the width of the film is 140cm, soil is covered in the furrow, and the soil is covered by 0.5 cm. Diammonium phosphate is used as a base fertilizer and is applied at one time, and the application rate is 280kg/hm2. The mulching film is a biodegradable mulching film with the thickness of 0.008 mm.
Example 5
Influence of wide-narrow row full-film micro-furrow sowing on millet yield and water utilization efficiency
1. And (3) experimental design:
tests were conducted in the city of inner mongolia and great republic (typical mid-temperate zone semiarid continental monsoon season climate) in 2018, and two test groups of example 1 and example 2 were set, with the bare earth as a control CK without a film. And repeating the steps 4 times by adopting a random block setting for 12 cells in total. Sowing the seeds at 5 months and 3 days, and harvesting the seeds at 9 months and 28 days.
2. And (3) test results:
2.1 influence of full-film micro-ridge furrow sowing on millet yield and its constituent factors
TABLE 1 yield profile of different treatments of millet
As can be seen from table 1, full film micro-furrowing improved the millet kernel yield compared to CK, and was the best treated with example 1. The treatment of example 1 and example 2 increased 15.33% and 8.61%, respectively, compared to the control. From the yield component, the ear number, ear length and thousand kernel weight are shown as example 1> example 2> CK.
2.2 influence of full-film micro-ridge furrow sowing on millet moisture utilization efficiency
TABLE 2 efficiency of water utilization of millet treated differently
Note: and delta W is the change of soil water consumption in the whole growth period.
As can be seen from table 2, the water consumption, the grain water utilization efficiency, and the rainfall utilization efficiency are all shown in example 1> example 2> CK, and compared with CK, the treatment of example 1 is respectively improved by 14.57%, 18.58%, and 15.31%, and the treatment of example 2 is respectively improved by 8.32%, 6.72%, and 8.57%. Therefore, the full-film micro-furrow seeding can improve the water utilization efficiency and rainfall utilization efficiency of the millet, and the full-coverage micro-furrow seeding with the common polyethylene mulching film is the best.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for cultivating the millet crops includes such steps as ridging, sowing the millet crops in furrows, covering with full ground film, covering with soil, and harvesting.
2. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a base fertilizer is applied before ridging.
3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the millet crop is a millet, millet or broom corn millet crop.
4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the ridging at wide and narrow row spacing is 70-90 cm wide for large ridges and 30-50 cm wide for small ridges.
5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the ridge height is 8-10 cm.
6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the popcorn cereal is sowed in holes at a hole pitch of 18 to 20cm, and 5 to 8 seeds are sowed in each hole.
7. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the width of the mulching film is 100 to 140 cm.
8. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is 0.5 to 1.0 cm.
9. The cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the base fertilizer is a nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer applied according to a soil testing formula.
10. The cultivation method according to claim 1 or 7, wherein the mulching film is a polyethylene mulching film or a biodegradable mulching film, the thickness of the polyethylene mulching film is greater than or equal to 0.010mm, and the thickness of the biodegradable mulching film is 0.006-0.015 mm.
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| CN202011478304.0A CN112616585A (en) | 2020-12-15 | 2020-12-15 | Method for cultivating millet crops |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114097550A (en) * | 2021-11-28 | 2022-03-01 | 西安农链互联网科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating corn on high ridges in mulching mode |
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| CN107624564A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-01-26 | 李佰峰 | 1 year potato, spring maize, fresh kidney beans, green moss four midwifery state efficiency cultivation technology for high |
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| CN108934840A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-12-07 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Make anti-second-stubble efficient ecology planting method between a kind of hills poor rainfed land millet peanut |
| CN110226477A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-09-13 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Potato millet three crops per annual water-saving efficient implantation methods |
| CN110447488A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-11-15 | 白城师范学院 | A kind of method salt-soda soil plantation broom corn millet and improve clay fertilizer situation |
| CN111886985A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-06 | 临沂市农业科学院 | Extra-large-ridge double-row three-plant close planting cultivation device and method thereof |
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2020
- 2020-12-15 CN CN202011478304.0A patent/CN112616585A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102986329A (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2013-03-27 | 周年春 | Cornfield film covering plantation method |
| CN107624564A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-01-26 | 李佰峰 | 1 year potato, spring maize, fresh kidney beans, green moss four midwifery state efficiency cultivation technology for high |
| CN107771635A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-03-09 | 渭源县农业技术推广中心 | The Techniques in Dry-farming Areas micro- furrow of full film broadcasts broad bean and stays film Non-ploughing dibble sowing flax cultivation method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114097550A (en) * | 2021-11-28 | 2022-03-01 | 西安农链互联网科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating corn on high ridges in mulching mode |
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Application publication date: 20210409 |