CN110972847A - Corn cultivation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Corn cultivation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110972847A CN110972847A CN201911332060.2A CN201911332060A CN110972847A CN 110972847 A CN110972847 A CN 110972847A CN 201911332060 A CN201911332060 A CN 201911332060A CN 110972847 A CN110972847 A CN 110972847A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
The invention provides a corn cultivation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of crop cultivation. The embodiment proves that the corn seedling emergence can be promoted, and the corn biomass and the yield can be improved. The experimental research and the production practice prove that the technology has scientificity and practicability, and has remarkable social and economic benefits and development prospects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of corn and application thereof.
Background
The dry farmland has more operation times, large energy consumption, more capital investment and high corn production cost. The existing ploughing method is mainly to return stubbles to the field, the returning quantity of organic materials is small, and the problem of returning the overground part of straws to the field is not solved. In some areas, the stubbles are even ground by rotary tillage and returned to farmland. The water and soil loss is serious; in the middle stage of rain fall collection in rainy seasons, surface runoff is easy to occur, and surface erosion and furrow erosion of different degrees are generated by the conventional farming technology. The wind erosion of the stubble-removing soil in autumn in northeast and west areas is also serious. The existing ploughing method is characterized in that the land is heavily used and lightly cultivated, the operation is conducted in a predatory mode, the soil structure is poor, organic matters are reduced (the annual average is reduced by 0.2 per thousand), the soil plough layer is shallower and shallower, the plough bottom layer is thickened, the current plough layer is only 12-15 cm, the soil production capacity is reduced, and the yield of grains per unit area is 6000-7500 kilograms per hectare. Secondly, the high-yield crops consuming land have a large proportion. Therefore, how to protect the black soil while utilizing the black soil is a great subject in front of the people.
The technical measures for protecting and utilizing the black soil area in the middle are researched, the organic matter content of the soil is improved by increasing the organic materials of the soil, the soil is fertilized, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are adjusted by the cultivation technology, the soil tilth is improved, the black soil is scientifically and reasonably utilized, and the black soil is protected. By applying scientific and technological means and technologies, starting from improving the agricultural resource environment, the problem of black land protection is solved, the quality of the black land is improved, the productivity of the land is improved, the agricultural resources are continuously utilized, the virtuous circle of planting production is realized, and the agricultural development of the black land in northeast China is promoted to the direction of continuous and efficient. The main reason of the degradation is that the cultivated land is heavily used and lightly cultivated, more soil is required from the soil, less soil is compensated, the current cultivation method leads the soil plough bottom layer to become shallow year by year, and in addition, the sand storm happens in recent years, the soil surface layer soil of the cultivated land is taken away, and the environment of the black land becomes worse and worse.
In recent years, drought, rain loss, wind erosion and water erosion become the largest natural disasters in northeast regions, and protective cultivation can enhance soil water storage and preservation capacity and soil fertility. The rapid decrease of the organic matters in the bare land soil formed by mechanical plowing leads to the reduction of the quality of the cultivated land year by year and becomes the source of severe wind erosion and sand storm weather. The black land of Songliao plain is the best soil in the world, but the continuous planting of high-yield crops, heavy inorganic agriculture, light organic agriculture, and plunder type production mode of heavy land and light soil cultivation have been long in term, so that the soil fertility and organic matter content of the black land are rapidly reduced, the water and soil loss is aggravated, drought and waterlogging disasters are increased, the sand storm is frequent, the deterioration of cultivated land and grassland is serious, and the agricultural ecological condition is worsened.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a corn cultivation method and application thereof, which reform the existing cultivation method, solve the problems of land protection and land fertility improvement, and more reasonably utilize and protect black land.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a corn cultivation method, in a planting area of one season in one year, before corn is sowed, covering corn straw strips of the previous season to wide rows, and performing parallel planting on the corn in the narrow rows; and deeply loosening soil among the wide rows in the corn seedling stage.
Preferably, the one-year-one-season growing area comprises the northeast region.
Preferably, the width of the wide row is 80-100 cm; the width of the narrow rows is 30-50 cm.
Preferably, the density of the corn flat planting is 4000-4400 strains/mu.
Preferably, when the wide rows of deep loose soil are used, the width of each row is 5-10 cm.
The invention also provides application of the method in promoting early emergence of corn.
The invention also provides application of the method in increasing corn biomass.
The invention also provides application of the method in improving the yield of the corn.
Compared with the prior art, the corn cultivation method provided by the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
(1) changing ridge culture into flat culture, moving soil less, and mainly solving the problems of low soil moisture content, poor soil moisture content, low seedling preservation rate and the like during spring sowing; wide and narrow row planting, optimization of farmland planting structure, ventilation and light transmission, and furthest exertion of side row dominant effect;
(2) the straw leaving field is changed into straw returning field with less exposure, and the problems of land fertility improvement, reasonable plough layer structure, soil erosion and the like are mainly solved;
(3) deep scarification among large ridges and rows in the corn seedling stage, regulation and control of physical and chemical properties of soil and optimization of soil environment; deep scarification can break the plough bottom layer, a soil reservoir is built, water and fertilizer are efficiently utilized in a coupling mode, the utilization efficiency of natural rainfall is improved, and the problem that the plough layer structure of the existing various ploughing methods cannot meet the requirements of ecological agriculture construction is solved, so that a brand-new plough layer structure is designed;
(4) no-tillage precision seeding, which mainly solves the contradiction between straw coverage and seedling protection, and changes the contradiction into mutual utilization; the positive effect of make full use of arable land realizes laborsaving farming, and after maize results, does not carry out any soil preparation measure, through the direct formation strip of returning the line of maize straw when machinery results, also can carry out machinery before the spring seeding and return the line and form the strip and cover, reach the seeding state.
(5) The embodiment verifies that the water content of the spring soil is improved by 2-3% compared with that of ridge culture. The straw leaving field is changed into straw returning field, the straw is completely returned to the field in the same year, the returning field rate is 70% -100%, the soil fertility is improved, and soil organic matters have a slightly rising trend compared with the conventional ploughing method. Changing conventional cultivation into deep scarification, breaking a plough bottom layer, establishing a soil reservoir, improving the utilization efficiency of natural rainfall, increasing the water storage of deep soil, and increasing the water storage amount by 10-16% in a soil layer of 1-100 cm, wherein the average water storage amount is 13%, namely 35-50 mm. Soil moisture extraction at the tight part of the plough layer, spring drought resistance, seedling preservation rate improvement by 8-15 percent and seedling emergence rate up to 96.1 percent. The yield is increased by 10.5 percent (actually measured by acceptance), the yield is increased by 10.5-13.3 percent in a test area, and the yield is increased by 10.2 percent in a demonstration area. The experimental research and the production practice prove that the technology has scientificity and practicability, and has remarkable social and economic benefits and development prospects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows two corn cultivation methods related to the present invention, wherein the left side is the corn straw strip returning treatment, and the right side is the conventional ridge culture cultivation method.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a corn cultivation method, in a planting area of one season in one year, before corn is sowed, covering corn straw strips of the previous season to wide rows, and performing parallel planting on the corn in the narrow rows; and deeply loosening soil among the wide rows in the corn seedling stage.
In the corn cultivation method, the one-season planting area in one year preferably comprises a northeast region, more preferably a black soil region, and most preferably a flat land or a hilly land.
According to the invention, before corn sowing, the corn straw strips in the previous season are covered to the wide rows, and the width of the wide rows is preferably 80-100 cm. The corn straw strip coverage is preferably that the corn straws are smashed and returned to the field when the corns are harvested, the corn straws are directly grouped into rows to form a strip state, the stubble is naturally left for about 10cm when the corns are harvested, or the corn straws are grouped into rows to reach a seeding state when the corns are sown in spring. The grouping method is not particularly limited, and is preferably performed by using a stalk strip (grouping) machine.
According to the method, the corn is planted in the narrow row in a parallel mode, and the width of the narrow row is preferably 30-50 cm. The density of the flat planting of the corn is preferably 4000-4400 plants/mu. The method of planting in the present invention is not particularly limited, and seeding of seeds is preferably performed by a precision seeder.
In the seedling stage of the corn, soil is deeply loosened among the wide rows. When the soil is deeply loosened in the wide rows, the width of each row is preferably 5-10 cm. The deep scarification is preferably carried out by utilizing a deep scarification topdressing machine and a tractor matched with 80-4 horsepower. The invention changes conventional intertillage into deep scarification, and solves the problems of low utilization efficiency of natural rainfall, low utilization rate of fertilizer and the like.
The management mode of the corn seedling stage in the method is not particularly limited, and the conventional method in the field can be utilized.
The invention also provides application of the method in promoting early emergence of corn. The embodiment of the invention proves that the method can improve the water and heat conditions of the seed part, the germination is fast, the seedling emergence is about one day earlier, and the seedling emergence is 3-4 days earlier than that of the straw field-leaving (ridge culture) in spring and drought.
The invention also provides application of the method in increasing corn biomass. The embodiment of the invention proves that the method can be used for covering and returning the straws to the field and separating the straws from the field, and the corn seedlings are higher in height in the same period compared with the conventional straw covering and returning and straw separating treatment.
The invention also provides application of the method in improving the yield of the corn. Compared with the conventional straw covering and returning and straw leaving treatment, the method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention has higher yield.
The following examples are provided to illustrate the corn cultivation method and its application in detail, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A place: jilin province farming academy princess ridge academy location test field.
The test is carried out by returning corn straw strips to the field (the left figure in figure 1), returning the corn straw strips to the field in a covering manner and carrying out the treatment of leaving the corn straw from the field. The other management conditions are the same general management as the others.
And (3) test results: the corn straw strip returning treatment can improve the water and heat conditions of the seed part, the covering and returning treatment is carried out, the ground temperature at the position of 5cm is 0.6 ℃, the soil moisture content is 2-5%, the germination is fast, the seedling emergence is about one day early, and the seedling emergence is 3-4 days earlier than the seedling emergence of the straw from the field (ridge culture) in spring and drought.
Test results show that the effect of returning the flat-cropping straw strips to the field and improving the soil moisture is remarkable, and the water content of the soil with the thickness of 2-4 cm is improved by 4% compared with that of returning the straw strips to the field 28 days after sowing; the water content of the 4-6 cm soil is improved by 1.2%. As the soil moisture moves to the surface layer, the water content of the soil with the thickness of 6-12 cm is reduced by 1.6 percent compared with the stubble cleaning and ridging.
Example 2
A place: jilin province farming academy princess ridge academy location test field.
The height of the corn harvested in the different returning modes was measured, and the results are shown in table 1.
Test results show that the corn growing heights in different returning modes are the best to return to the field by using the straw strips, the straws leave the field the next time, and the coverage of the straws to return to the field is the lowest. The results were consistent with the trend of the seedling stage survey results.
TABLE 1 corn plant height questionnaire for different straw returning modes
Example 3
A place: test station of Tungxiangshan village at model home of Guilin, princess mountain, Jilin.
And (3) test results: straw coverage is returned to the field, the plant height is 206cm, the heading position is very low, only 79cm, the yield is not high, and the yield per hectare is 8969 kg; returning the straw strips to the field, wherein the plant height is normal, 223cm, the heading part is normal, 115cm, the yield is 9965.5kg per hectare at the highest, and the treatment ratio of other 2 straws is the highest; the yield of the straw covered and returned field is lower, the yield per hectare is 8820.1kg, and the yield of the straw left the field is 9356.6 kg.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A corn cultivation method is characterized in that in a one-season planting area in one year, corn straws in the previous season are covered to wide rows in strips before corn seeding, and parallel planting of corn is carried out in the narrow rows; and deeply loosening soil among the wide rows in the corn seedling stage.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one-year-four-season growing area comprises the northeast region.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the width of the wide row is 80-100 cm; the width of the narrow rows is 30-50 cm.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the density of the corn flat planting is 4000-4400 plants/mu.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein when the wide rows of deep loose soil, the width of each row is 5-10 cm.
6. Use of the method of any one of claims 1 to 5 for promoting early emergence of corn.
7. Use of the method of any one of claims 1 to 5 for increasing corn biomass.
8. Use of the method of any one of claims 1 to 5 for increasing corn yield.
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| CN201911332060.2A CN110972847A (en) | 2019-12-21 | 2019-12-21 | Corn cultivation method and application thereof |
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| CN201911332060.2A CN110972847A (en) | 2019-12-21 | 2019-12-21 | Corn cultivation method and application thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111937694A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-11-17 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Corn cultivation method in northeast region |
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| CN1304638A (en) * | 2000-09-14 | 2001-07-25 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Wide-line and narrow-line alternative method for planting corn |
| CN1663346A (en) * | 2005-03-16 | 2005-09-07 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Method for cultivating spring corn in hilly region |
| CN102282927A (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2011-12-21 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Corn stubble deep loosening tillage method |
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| CN1663346A (en) * | 2005-03-16 | 2005-09-07 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Method for cultivating spring corn in hilly region |
| CN102282927A (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2011-12-21 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Corn stubble deep loosening tillage method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111937694A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-11-17 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Corn cultivation method in northeast region |
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