CN106982625B - Directional winter planting and summer harvesting planting method for longitudinal strips of common yam rhizome - Google Patents
Directional winter planting and summer harvesting planting method for longitudinal strips of common yam rhizome Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
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- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
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- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting Chinese yam in longitudinal strips in directional winter and summer harvest, which adopts a winter and summer harvest planting mode of sowing and planting Chinese yam in 10-11 months and harvesting Chinese yam in 5-6 months next year by using dry land, gentle slope land and the like, and comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out low-temperature sleep suppression treatment on the common yam rhizome seed potatoes; secondly, mechanically digging planting ditches and paving color strips or other hard materials; thirdly, sterilizing and accelerating germination of the seed potatoes; fourthly, placing the potato seeds and covering soil to form ridges or furrows; fifthly, constructing a simple heat-insulating small arched shed along the ridge or ridge; sixthly, field management; and seventhly, harvesting. The method improves the efficiency, utilizes the idle land in winter, increases the income of farmers, can supply a large amount of common yam rhizome for market free in summer, meets the consumption demand of people, and promotes the rapid development of the common yam rhizome planting industry. Meanwhile, by utilizing the longitudinal belt directional planting technology, small-sized machinery can be utilized to ditch the planting grooves and clear soil, the planting and harvesting operation is convenient, the labor is saved, the cost is reduced, and the income is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cultivation method of economic crops, in particular to a method for planting Chinese yam longitudinal strips in oriented winter and summer harvests.
Background
Rhizoma Dioscoreae (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) is also known as rhizoma Dioscoreae, rhizoma Solani tuber osi, rhizoma Dioscoreae, and rhizoma Dioscoreae. Is dried rhizome of Dioscorea opposita Thunb of Dioscoreaceae. The Chinese yam is rich in nutrition and has good food therapy effect. In recent years, people pay more attention to nutrition and health, and Chinese yam is sought after by people. The demand of Chinese yam is not enough, and the price is gradually increased. Therefore, how to scientifically plant the Chinese yams is a topic worthy of research.
The quasi-Chinese yam tuber has the characteristic of downward natural growth, the Chinese yam tuber grows to the ground bottom, and some Chinese yam tubers can grow up to one meter, so that the traditional Chinese yam planting technology needs deep groove planting and deep digging harvesting, takes labor and time, and is very easy to damage the tuber. The oriented potato bearing technology can well solve the problem. In recent years, with the development of agricultural technology, the oriented potato bearing cultivation of Chinese yam is more and more popular with growers. Most of the prior directional potato bearing adopts a directional groove or a directional cylinder, and the related reports are as follows:
1. chinese patent No.: 201410172903.8, the invention relates to a method for cultivating Chinese yam in shallow direction, which comprises the steps of potato seed treatment, soil preparation, shallow groove and substrate placement, base fertilizer application, planting, field management, pest control and the like. The patent solves the problems that the traditional Chinese yam planting technology needs deep groove planting, deep digging and harvesting, labor and cost are wasted, and tubers are easily damaged.
2. Chinese patent No.: 201510739612.7, the invention discloses a no-tillage ecological cultivation method for Chinese yam, which selects non-staple grain production land for no-tillage ecological cultivation, and comprises the steps of arranging planting grooves, preparing planting bag materials, treating seeds, sowing, managing in field, harvesting and the like. The planting groove is arranged as follows: slotting is carried out manually or by a small machine, when slotting, a semicircular tool is used for breaking the soil from top to bottom to slot, the depth of the upper part of the planting slot is 14-16 cm, the depth of the lower part of the planting slot is 18-20 cm, and finally the slot bottom is in a smooth semicircular shape; the whole planting groove is 10-30 degrees from the horizontal plane. By using the method, the non-cultivated land planting production of the dioscorea opposita can be further widened, and the income and food sources of farmers are increased.
3. Chinese patent No.: 201610241935.8, the invention relates to an ecological planting method for directional potato bearing on powder ridges of Chinese yam, which comprises the steps of utilizing dry land or gentle slope land to carry out powder ridge cultivation, adopting a semicircular tubular groove mold driven by hydraulic pressure of a mechanical device for powder ridges to manufacture planting grooves, and carrying out the high-efficiency cultivation of the directional potato bearing on the powder ridges of the Chinese yam, wherein the steps comprise: the method comprises the steps of ridge-crushing tillage soil preparation, creation of a bottom semicircular planting groove, laying and soil returning of a plastic film in the planting groove, planting of dioscorea opposita seeds or dioscorea opposita potatoes, field management, harvesting of chips and plastic film treatment after harvesting. The Chinese yam is simple and portable from soil preparation planting, field management to harvesting, realizes high-efficiency planting of the Chinese yam on the powder ridges, and is favorable for promoting the rapid development of the Chinese yam planting industry.
According to the method, the method of ditching, placing or digging the directional groove with a certain inclination angle is adopted, so that the Chinese yam can grow directionally, the labor intensity can be reduced to a certain degree, and the popularization of the directional potato bearing technology of the Chinese yam has a great development prospect. At present, the planting habits of the Chinese yams in the northern area are mostly concentrated in 4-6 months, the Chinese yams are harvested in 10-11 months when the weather is warm again and the air temperature rises, the Chinese yams are planted in a concentrated mode and have universality, the value of the Chinese yams is reduced, underground pests and nematodes are rampant due to successive year planting, and the prevention and treatment cost is increased year by year. The cultivation technology for planting the dioscorea opposita in winter and harvesting the dioscorea opposita in summer is popularized by utilizing the dry land and the gentle slope land which are idle in winter, so that the idle in winter is effectively utilized, the income of farmers is increased, a large amount of dioscorea opposita can be supplied for the market neutral in summer, the consumption demand of people is met, and the rapid development of the dioscorea opposita planting industry is promoted.
If the planting method is invented, the yam can be planted in the non-cultivated land type of the dry sloping land or the mountain land, and the method has great significance for enlarging the planting area of the yam, improving the annual output and increasing the food sources of urban and rural residents. The method widens the planting and utilizing range of the dioscorea opposita, not only can play the ecological and economic potential of the existing dry sloping fields and mountainous regions, but also can relieve the current situation of shortage of cultivated land resources in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for planting Chinese yam in winter by directional longitudinal planting in winter in view of the defects in the prior art, the planting technology can effectively utilize the idle land in winter to increase the income of farmers, can supply a large amount of Chinese yams in neutral market in summer, meets the consumption demand of people, and is favorable for promoting the rapid development of the Chinese yam planting industry.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention discloses a directional winter-planting and summer-harvesting planting method for longitudinal Chinese yam strips, which adopts a winter-planting and summer-harvesting planting mode of sowing and planting Chinese yam in 10-11 months and harvesting Chinese yam in 5-6 months next year by utilizing dry land, gentle slope land or other cultivated land, and comprises the following steps:
(1) harvesting yam seeds suitable for winter summer harvest from the ground in 10 months to 3 months next year, performing sleep suppression treatment under low temperature for 10-11 months, taking out, and performing winter summer harvest.
(2) The Chinese yam seed potatoes are subjected to sleep suppression and germination acceleration treatment: in 10-11 months, the yam seeds subjected to low-temperature sleep-suppressing treatment are disinfected and subjected to germination accelerating treatment: cutting rhizoma Dioscoreae into pieces, placing in 8-15mg/L gibberellin and 2 mg/L50% carbendazim aqueous suspension treating solution, controlling temperature at 17-25 deg.C, treating for 30 min, taking out, and air drying.
(3) Mechanically digging planting ditches and laying color strips or other hard materials: opening a planting ditch with the width of 35-40cm and the depth of 20-25cm in the planting area by using a small machine, loosening soil in the ditch to two sides of the planting ditch, and keeping the bottom of the ditch flat and hard; paving color strips or other hard materials, backfilling the finely-crushed loose soil on the paved color strips or other hard materials, wherein the backfilling thickness of the loose soil is about 10cm, and waiting for sowing.
(4) Placing the seed potatoes and covering soil to form ridges or ridges: placing the dioscorea opposita seeds in a 10cm area of color strips or other hard materials returned to the soil according to the shape of a Chinese character 'pin' and the plant spacing of 35-40cm, then covering the seeds with loose soil of 15-20cm, spraying root fixing water, covering with straws or wheat stalks, and preserving heat and moisture.
(5) Constructing a simple heat-insulating small arched shed along the ridge or the furrow: in 1-2 months before winter cold, a small arched shed is built along the ridge or ridge of Chinese yam planting, and is covered by a colorless transparent film; and (3) warming up after 3 months, and opening the film completely when the ground temperature is stabilized to be more than 10 ℃ to allow the film to grow normally.
(6) Performing field management, namely planting Chinese yams harvested in summer in winter, wherein side-length seedlings and potato bearing can be realized, and the advantage is utilized to tighten field fertilization management; and performing other field management measures according to conventional Chinese yam planting management.
(7) Harvesting the potato chips: in 5-6 months of the next year, the seed yams of the common yam rhizome can be harvested when being mature, soil on the ridges or the furrows is scraped during harvesting, and the common yam rhizome chips can be harvested.
The sleep suppression treatment is carried out under the low temperature condition in the step (1), and the low temperature is controlled to be 5-7 ℃.
The root fixing water formula in the step (4) is as follows: 1.0-10.0g/L of copper sulfate, 1.0-10.0g/L of zinc sulfate, 1.0-10.0g/L of ammonium molybdate, 1.0-10.0g/L of ferrous sulfate, 0.5-5g/L of ferrous sulfate, 1.0-10.0g/L of manganese sulfate, 0.5-5g/L of boric acid, 0.01-0.1g/L of amino-oligosaccharide, 0.2-0.5g/L of sodium naphthalene acetate, 0.01-0.1g/L of indolebutyric acid, 0.2-1g/L of polyethylene glycol (6000), 10.0-15.0g/L of indolebutyric acid and the balance of alginic acid, and the using method comprises the following steps: diluting by 100 times and spraying by 200 times;
and (6) the fertilization management comprises the following steps: aiming at the characteristics of long-time seedlings and potato bearing of Chinese yams, sufficient base fertilizer and timely additional fertilizer are applied, sufficient thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure is applied to the base fertilizer, and high-nitrogen and high-potassium fertilizer is applied to the additional fertilizer in cooperation with controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and high-phosphorus fertilizer once a month.
And (6) performing conventional dioscorea opposita field management, including prevention and control of nematodes, anthrax and leaf spot diseases: when the base fertilizer is applied, 10% fosthiazate granules are used, and 250-300g of active ingredients are used for preventing and treating nematodes per mu; in the growth period, 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil is sprayed at the early stage of disease occurrence, diluted by 5000-8000 times with water and sprayed once every 7-10 days for preventing and treating for 2-3 times.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for planting the Chinese yam in the longitudinal directional winter and summer in the longitudinal directional mode can be used for popularizing the Chinese yam winter and summer cultivation technology in dry land, gentle slope land and the like which are idle in winter, so that the idle in winter is effectively utilized, the income of farmers is increased, a large amount of Chinese yams can be supplied in the market neutral in summer, the consumption requirements of people are met, and the rapid development of the Chinese yam planting industry is promoted. Meanwhile, by utilizing the longitudinal belt directional planting technology, small-sized machinery can be utilized to ditch the planting grooves and clear soil, the planting and harvesting operation is convenient, the labor is saved, the cost is reduced, and the income is increased.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The inventor carries out demonstration popularization of oriented winter planting and summer harvesting of the Chinese yam longitudinal zone in a certain village in Hebei Baodingxing county, the length of a demonstration plot is 95.33m, the width is 65.32m, the south-north trend is that the Chinese yam is planted in the past and is planted in spring and summer all the time, and the specific operation steps are as follows;
(1) putting the twins yam harvested in 2013 in 10 and 20 months at a low temperature of 5-7 ℃ for sleep suppression treatment till 2014 in 10 and 5 months, taking out the twins yam, and harvesting the twins yam in winter and summer.
(2) The Chinese yam seed potatoes are subjected to sleep suppression and germination acceleration treatment: and (3) disinfecting and accelerating germination of the Chinese yam seed potatoes subjected to low-temperature sleep suppression treatment in 14 years, 10 months and 6 days: cutting rhizoma Dioscoreae into pieces, placing in 8-15mg/L gibberellin and 2 mg/L50% carbendazim aqueous suspension treating solution, controlling temperature at 17-25 deg.C, treating for 30 min, taking out, and air drying.
(3) Mechanically digging planting ditches and laying color strips or other hard materials: opening a planting ditch with the width of 35-40cm and the depth of 20-25cm in the planting area by using a small machine, loosening soil in the ditch to two sides of the planting ditch, and keeping the bottom of the ditch flat and hard; paving color strips or other hard materials, backfilling the finely-crushed loose soil on the paved color strips or other hard materials, wherein the backfilling thickness of the loose soil is about 10cm, and waiting for sowing.
(4) Placing the seed potatoes (seeds) and covering soil to form beds or ridges: placing the dioscorea opposita seeds in a region of 10cm back to the soil in a color strip or other hard materials according to the shape of a Chinese character 'pin' and the plant spacing of 35-40cm, then covering the seeds with loose soil of 15-20cm, and spraying root fixing water, wherein the formula of the root fixing water is as follows: 1.0-10.0g/L of copper sulfate, 1.0-10.0g/L of zinc sulfate, 1.0-10.0g/L of ammonium molybdate, 1.0-10.0g/L of ferrous sulfate, 0.5-5g/L of ferrous sulfate, 1.0-10.0g/L of manganese sulfate, 0.5-5g/L of boric acid, 0.01-0.1g/L of amino-oligosaccharide, 0.2-0.5g/L of sodium naphthalene acetate, 0.01-0.1g/L of indolebutyric acid, 0.2-1g/L of polyethylene glycol (6000), 10.0-15.0g/L of indolebutyric acid and the balance of alginic acid, and the using method comprises the following steps: diluting by 100 times and spraying by 200 times; covering with rice straw or wheat straw, and keeping warm and moisture.
(5) Constructing a simple heat-insulating small arched shed along the ridge or the furrow: in 2015, 1 month and 22 days, building a small arched shed along the ridge or bed of Chinese yam by using bamboo poles, and covering with a colorless transparent film; and (3) warming up after 3 months, and opening the film completely when the ground temperature is stabilized to be more than 10 ℃ to allow the film to grow normally.
(6) And field management, namely planting Chinese yams harvested in summer in winter, wherein side-length seedlings and potato bearing can be realized, and the field fertilization management is enhanced by utilizing the advantage: applying enough farmyard manure as base fertilizer, 1000 kg of decomposed chicken manure per mu, 50 kg of compound fertilizer (18-17-15) in combination, topdressing in time during growth, and topdressing once per month, wherein 30 kg of compound fertilizer (18-8-18) is topdressed each time. And other field management measures are carried out according to the conventional dioscorea opposita planting management, including the prevention and control of nematodes, anthrax and leaf spot: when the base fertilizer is applied, 10% fosthiazate granules are used, and 250-300g of active ingredients are used for preventing and treating nematodes per mu; in the growth period, 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil is sprayed at the early stage of disease occurrence, diluted by 5000-8000 times with water and sprayed once every 7-10 days for preventing and treating for 2-3 times.
(7) Harvesting the potato chips: harvesting in 15 years, 5 months and 25 days, harvesting the ripe dioscorea opposita seeds, digging soil on beds or ridges during harvesting, and harvesting dioscorea opposita chips. After measurement, the yield per mu of the dioscorea opposita is 3200kg, the dioscorea opposita is not listed at that time, most of the dioscorea opposita in the market is the old goods which are stored for many years in a freezing way, and the price is 1.5-1.8 yuan/jin higher than that of the old goods.
Example 2
The inventor carries out demonstration popularization of the Chinese yam longitudinal belt directional winter planting and summer harvesting on a farm in a certain county in Gansu Zhangye City, the length of a demonstration plot is 177.54m, the width is 125.89m, the south-north direction is reached, crops planted in the plot are pastures, but the Chinese yam in winter is changed due to difficulty in weed prevention and control for many years, and the specific operation steps are as follows;
(1) putting the twins yam harvested in 11/20/2012 in low temperature of 6 ℃ for sleep suppression treatment till 10/5/2013, taking out, and harvesting in winter and summer.
(2) The Chinese yam seed potatoes are subjected to sleep suppression and germination acceleration treatment: and (3) disinfecting and accelerating germination of the Chinese yam seed potatoes subjected to low-temperature sleep inhibition treatment in 31 days 10 months in 13 years: cutting rhizoma Dioscoreae into pieces, placing in 8-15mg/L gibberellin and 2 mg/L50% carbendazim aqueous suspension treating solution, controlling temperature at 17-25 deg.C, treating for 30 min, taking out, and air drying.
(3) Mechanically digging planting ditches and laying color strips or other hard materials: opening a planting ditch with the width of 35-40cm and the depth of 20-25cm in the planting area by using a small machine, loosening soil in the ditch to two sides of the planting ditch, and keeping the bottom of the ditch flat and hard; paving color strips or other hard materials, backfilling the finely-crushed loose soil on the paved color strips or other hard materials, wherein the backfilling thickness of the loose soil is about 10cm, and waiting for sowing.
(4) Placing the seed potatoes (seeds) and covering soil to form beds or ridges: the dioscorea opposita seed potatoes are placed in a region with 10cm of soil returned by colored strips or other hard materials according to the shape of a Chinese character 'pin' and the plant spacing of 35-40cm, loose soil with the thickness of 15-20cm is covered on the seed potatoes, and root fixing water is sprayed on the seed potatoes, wherein the formula of the root fixing water is the same as that in example 1, and the use method is as follows: diluting by 100 times and spraying by 200 times; covering with rice straw or wheat straw, and keeping warm and moisture.
(5) Constructing a simple heat-insulating small arched shed along the ridge or the furrow: in 20154, 2 months and 10 days, building a small arched shed by using bamboo poles along the Chinese yam planting bed or ridge, and covering with a colorless transparent film; and (3) warming up after 3 months, and opening the film completely when the ground temperature is stabilized to be more than 10 ℃ to allow the film to grow normally.
(6) And field management, namely planting Chinese yams harvested in summer in winter, wherein side-length seedlings and potato bearing can be realized, and the field fertilization management is enhanced by utilizing the advantage: applying enough farmyard manure as base fertilizer, 1000 kg of decomposed chicken manure per mu, 50 kg of compound fertilizer (18-17-15) in combination, topdressing in time during growth, and topdressing once per month, wherein 30 kg of compound fertilizer (18-8-18) is topdressed each time. And other field management measures are carried out according to the conventional dioscorea opposita planting management, including the prevention and control of nematodes, anthrax and leaf spot: when the base fertilizer is applied, 10% fosthiazate granules are used, and 250-300g of active ingredients are used for preventing and treating nematodes per mu; in the growth period, 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil is sprayed at the early stage of disease occurrence, diluted by 5000-8000 times with water and sprayed once every 7-10 days for preventing and treating for 2-3 times.
(7) Harvesting the potato chips: and (3) harvesting at 21 days after 5 months in 14 years, harvesting the ripe dioscorea opposita seeds, digging soil on beds or ridges during harvesting, and harvesting dioscorea opposita chips. After measurement, the yield per mu of Chinese yam is 3000kg, and the price is 1.6-1.7 yuan/jin higher than that of the old goods.
Example 3
The inventor also carries out demonstration popularization of Chinese yam longitudinal directional winter planting and summer harvesting in Shandong Jinan Jiyang county, the length of a demonstration land is 295.33m, the width is 55.72m, the trend of east and west is that wheat and corn are planted before, the price of the corn is seriously dropped after national policy adjustment, the income of farmers in the demonstration land is reduced, Chinese yam is improved, and the concrete operation steps are as follows:
(1) the Guihuai No. 2 Chinese yam harvested in 11 and 2 months of 2012 is put under the condition of low temperature of 5-7 ℃ for sleep suppression treatment, the time lasts until 11 and 6 months of 2013, and then the Chinese yam is taken out for harvesting in winter and in summer.
(2) The Chinese yam seed potatoes are subjected to sleep suppression and germination acceleration treatment: and (3) disinfecting and accelerating germination of the Chinese yam seed potatoes subjected to low-temperature sleep inhibition treatment in 31 days 10 months in 13 years: cutting rhizoma Dioscoreae into pieces, placing in 8-15mg/L gibberellin and 2 mg/L50% carbendazim aqueous suspension treating solution, controlling temperature at 17-25 deg.C, treating for 30 min, taking out, and air drying.
(3) Mechanically digging planting ditches and laying color strips or other hard materials: opening a planting ditch with the width of 35-40cm and the depth of 20-25cm in the planting area by using a small machine, loosening soil in the ditch to two sides of the planting ditch, and keeping the bottom of the ditch flat and hard; paving color strips or other hard materials, backfilling the finely-crushed loose soil on the paved color strips or other hard materials, wherein the backfilling thickness of the loose soil is about 10cm, and waiting for sowing.
(4) Placing the seed potatoes (seeds) and covering soil to form beds or ridges: the dioscorea opposita seed potatoes are placed in a region with 10cm of soil returned by colored strips or other hard materials according to the shape of a Chinese character 'pin' and the plant spacing of 35-40cm, loose soil with the thickness of 15-20cm is covered on the seed potatoes, and root fixing water is sprayed on the seed potatoes, wherein the formula of the root fixing water is the same as that in example 1, and the use method is as follows: diluting by 100 times and spraying by 200 times; covering with rice straw or wheat straw, and keeping warm and moisture.
(5) Constructing a simple heat-insulating small arched shed along the ridge or the furrow: in 20154, 2 months and 10 days, building a small arched shed by using bamboo poles along the Chinese yam planting bed or ridge, and covering with a colorless transparent film; and (3) warming up after 3 months, and opening the film completely when the ground temperature is stabilized to be more than 10 ℃ to allow the film to grow normally.
(6) And field management, namely planting Chinese yams in winter and harvested in summer, growing the yams with side length and side length, and tightening field fertilization management: and (3) sufficiently applying farmyard manure as a base fertilizer, applying 2000 kg of decomposed cow dung per mu in combination with 40 kg of compound fertilizer (18-17-15), topdressing in time during growth, and topdressing once per month, wherein 30 kg of compound fertilizer (18-8-18) is topdressed each time. And other field management measures are carried out according to the conventional dioscorea opposita planting management, including the prevention and control of nematodes, anthrax and leaf spot: when the base fertilizer is applied, 10% fosthiazate granules are used, and 250-300g of active ingredients are used for preventing and treating nematodes per mu; in the growth period, 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil is sprayed at the early stage of disease occurrence, diluted by 5000-8000 times with water and sprayed once every 7-10 days for preventing and treating for 2-3 times.
(7) Harvesting the potato chips: harvesting in 14 years, 6 months and 11 days, harvesting the ripe dioscorea opposita seeds, digging soil on beds or ridges during harvesting, and harvesting dioscorea opposita chips. After measurement, the per mu yield of the Chinese yam is 3400kg, and the price is 1.2 yuan/jin higher than that of the old goods.
Claims (3)
1. A method for directionally planting Chinese yam longitudinal strips in winter and harvesting in summer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is characterized in that a winter planting and summer harvesting planting mode of planting Chinese yam in 10-11 months and harvesting in 5-6 months next year is carried out by utilizing dry land, gentle slope land or other cultivated land, and the steps comprise:
(1) harvesting yam seeds suitable for winter summer harvest from the ground in 10 months to 3 months next year, performing sleep suppression treatment under a low temperature condition for 10-11 months, taking out the yam seeds, and performing winter summer harvest;
(2) the Chinese yam seed potatoes are subjected to sleep suppression and germination acceleration treatment: in 10-11 months, the yam seeds subjected to low-temperature sleep-suppressing treatment are disinfected and subjected to germination accelerating treatment: cutting rhizoma Dioscoreae into pieces, placing in 8-15mg/L gibberellin and 2 mg/L50% carbendazim aqueous suspension treating solution, controlling temperature at 17-25 deg.C, treating for 30 min, taking out seed potato, and air drying;
(3) mechanically digging planting ditches and laying color strips or other hard materials: opening a planting ditch with the width of 35-40cm and the depth of 20-25cm in the planting area by using a small machine, loosening soil in the ditch to two sides of the planting ditch, and keeping the bottom of the ditch flat and hard; paving color strips or other hard materials, backfilling the finely-crushed loose soil on the paved color strips or other hard materials, wherein the backfilling thickness of the loose soil is about 10cm, and waiting for sowing;
(4) placing the seed potatoes and covering soil to form ridges or ridges: placing the dioscorea opposita seeds in a 10cm area of color strips or other hard materials returned to the soil according to the shape of a Chinese character 'pin' and the plant spacing of 35-40cm, then covering the seeds with loose soil of 15-20cm, spraying root fixing water, covering with straws or wheat stalks, and preserving heat and moisture;
(5) constructing a simple heat-insulating small arched shed along the ridge or the furrow: in 1-2 months before winter cold, a small arched shed is built along the ridge or ridge of Chinese yam planting, and is covered by a colorless transparent film; after 3 months of warming, when the ground temperature is stabilized above 10 ℃, the film is completely opened to allow the film to grow normally;
(6) field management: the Chinese yam harvested in summer is planted in winter, side-length seedlings and potato bearing can be realized, and the advantage is utilized to tighten field fertilization management; performing other field management measures according to conventional Chinese yam planting management;
(7) harvesting the potato chips: in 5-6 months of the next year, the seed potatoes of the common yam rhizome can be harvested after being mature, soil on the ridges or the furrows is dug during harvesting, and the common yam rhizome chips can be harvested;
the sleep suppression treatment is carried out under the low temperature condition in the step (1), and the low temperature is controlled to be 5-7 ℃;
the root fixing water formula in the step (4) is as follows: 1.0-10.0g/L of copper sulfate, 1.0-10.0g/L of zinc sulfate, 1.0-10.0g/L of ammonium molybdate, 1.0-10.0g/L of ferrous sulfate, 0.5-5g/L of ferrous sulfate, 1.0-10.0g/L of manganese sulfate, 0.5-5g/L of boric acid, 0.01-0.1g/L of amino-oligosaccharin, 0.2-0.5g/L of sodium naphthalene acetate, 0.01-0.1g/L of indolebutyric acid, 60000.2-1 g/L of polyethylene glycol, 10.0-15.0g/L of alginic acid and the balance of water, and the using method is as follows: diluting by 100 times and spraying by 200 times.
2. The directional winter planting and summer harvesting method for the longitudinal strips of Chinese yam according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (6) the fertilization management comprises the following steps: aiming at the characteristics of long-time seedlings and potato bearing of Chinese yams, sufficient base fertilizer and timely additional fertilizer are applied, sufficient thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure is applied to the base fertilizer, and high-nitrogen and high-potassium fertilizer is applied to the additional fertilizer in cooperation with controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and high-phosphorus fertilizer once a month.
3. The directional winter planting and summer harvesting method for the longitudinal strips of Chinese yam according to claim 1, characterized in that: the conventional dioscorea opposita field management in the step (6) comprises the following steps of preventing and treating nematodes, anthracnose and leaf spot diseases: when the base fertilizer is applied, 10% fosthiazate granules are used, and 250-300g of active ingredients are used for preventing and treating nematodes per mu; in the growth period, 25 percent pyraclostrobin missible oil is sprayed at the early stage of disease occurrence, diluted by 5000-8000 times by adding water and sprayed once every 7 to 10 days for preventing and treating for 2 to 3 times.
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Application publication date: 20170728 Assignee: Fuchuan Taro Union Planting and Breeding Professional Cooperative Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046561 Denomination of invention: Directional Winter Planting and Summer Harvest Planting Method of Huaishan Medicine Vertical Belt Granted publication date: 20200218 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 Application publication date: 20170728 Assignee: Guangxi Fuchuan Dexin Ecological Agriculture Development Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046559 Denomination of invention: Directional Winter Planting and Summer Harvest Planting Method of Huaishan Medicine Vertical Belt Granted publication date: 20200218 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 Application publication date: 20170728 Assignee: Guilin Guanyang SHANGNONG Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046558 Denomination of invention: Directional Winter Planting and Summer Harvest Planting Method of Huaishan Medicine Vertical Belt Granted publication date: 20200218 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 Application publication date: 20170728 Assignee: Guangxi Shunteng Agricultural Products Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046557 Denomination of invention: Directional Winter Planting and Summer Harvest Planting Method of Huaishan Medicine Vertical Belt Granted publication date: 20200218 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 Application publication date: 20170728 Assignee: Guangxi Hezhou Funong Ecological Agriculture Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046556 Denomination of invention: Directional Winter Planting and Summer Harvest Planting Method of Huaishan Medicine Vertical Belt Granted publication date: 20200218 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 |
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