CN106613227A - Crop rotation planting method for forage crops and grain crops - Google Patents
Crop rotation planting method for forage crops and grain crops Download PDFInfo
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- CN106613227A CN106613227A CN201611187466.2A CN201611187466A CN106613227A CN 106613227 A CN106613227 A CN 106613227A CN 201611187466 A CN201611187466 A CN 201611187466A CN 106613227 A CN106613227 A CN 106613227A
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- corn
- witloof
- rye grass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention provides a crop rotation planting method for forage crops and grain crops. The crop rotation planting method includes the steps of field arrangement, wherein planting belts are established in a field as required, different crops are planted on the adjacent planting belts, ryegrass or maize is alternately planted on the planting belts A according to the season, endives are planted on the planting belts B, and the planting belts A and the planting belts B are subjected to cross planting at intervals; planting time arrangement; field management. According to the crop rotation planting method, forage grass production serves as main aim, grain production serves as the auxiliary aim, forage (the ryegrass, the endives and the maize) serve as main output products, and in winter and autumn, the ryegrass and the endives can supply a large amount of forage to meet the requirements of animal production; in summer, the endives are interplanted between maize rows, field ventilation can be added, ventilation of a maize field is good, and the per unit area yield is high. By means of the crop rotation planting method, the labor requirement degree of agricultural production is reduced, the forage supplying amount is increased, and local animal husbandry development can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to planting technology field, more particularly to the crop rotation implantation methods of a kind of forage crop and cereal crops.
Background technology
Sichuan Basin hills area whole year warm and moist, 16-18 DEG C of average annual temperature, the duration 240- of daily mean temperature >=10 DEG C
280d, 4000-6000 DEG C of accumulated temperature, daily temperature range is little, and annual range is big, winter warm summer heat, frost-free period 230-340d.This area tradition
Cropping pattern is with wheat-jade/sweet potato (winter wheat and Corn Rotation System, corn field interplanting Ipomoea batatas) and wheat-jade/beans (winter wheat and corn wheel
Make, corn field interplanting soya bean) based on.Both traditional planting models are more with Sichuan Basin cloud amount based on results seed, fine
It is few, and the short meteorological condition of sunshine time slightly has contradiction.Statistics shows, the average annual sunshine time 1000- in the Sichuan Basin
1400h, 600-800h fewer than the Lower Changjiang River region of same latitude, this Rainy sparse sunlight weather is very beneficial for nutrient growth, and
It is unfavorable for seed setting.In addition, traditional wheat-jade/sweet potato and wheat-jade/beans rotation system are larger to labour demand, this with it is existing
Stage rural area labouring population drastically decline, and the reality of labour's wretched insufficiency is contradicted.And traditional planting models wheat-
Jade/sweet potato and wheat-jade/beans rotation system forage grass production capacity are low, are not suitable with the fast-developing trend of local animal husbandry.In recent years
Come, hills area wheat cultivation area seriously glides, the ratio of milpa interplanting Ipomoea batatas and soya bean is also fewer and feweri, and winter does not plant
Crop is a kind of greatly waste to hills area sunlight-heat reaources, and causes sloping upland soil erosion to aggravate.In addition, summer is simple
Maize planting field air permeability is poor, and corn per unit area yield is low.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve the defect that above-mentioned prior art is present, there is provided a kind of based on forage grass output, grain
Grain supplemented by food output raises cropping pattern.
A kind of forage crop and the crop rotation implantation methods of cereal crops, including：Field layout, implantation time arrangement, field
The measure of management；
Field layout measures are：Growth belt, adjacent growth belt growing different crops, by growth belt are set up on request in field
A plants in turn rye grass or corn according to season, then growth belt B kinds plant witloof, and growth belt A and growth belt B space crossings are planted；
Implantation time arranges measure to include：At the beginning of annual 4 the first tenday period of a month to 5 months, according to soil moisture content and Ryegrass Growth situation, fit
When harvest last batch of rye grass, arrangement soil of turning over, program request corn；Late August to late September, according to corn maturity
With the in good time harvesting corn of soil moisture content, hard stubble trench digging drilling rye grass；Witloof sowing selects the 4-5 months or sows the 8-9 months, sowing one
It is secondary to harvest 5-8.
Further, the crop rotation implantation methods of forage crop as above and cereal crops, the measure of field layout is also
Including：The a width of 1.5-2.0m of band of growth belt, rye grass drilling, depending on the several bandwidth according to rye grass/corn of particular row, line-spacing
15-20cm；Corn planting 2-3 rows, line-spacing 40-50cm；Witloof drilling is broadcasted sowing.
Further, crop rotation implantation methods of forage crop as above and cereal crops, implantation time arrangement is arranged
Applying also includes：Using north and south planting patterns, exchange per 5-8 growth belts A and growth belt B and sowed.
Further, the crop rotation implantation methods of forage crop as above and cereal crops, the measure bag of field management
Include：Sowing, fertilising, irrigation, disease pest and weed prevention and control measure；The sowing includes witloof sowing, rye grass sowing, corn seeding；
Wherein, witloof sowing measure be：Select the 4-5 months or sow the 8-9 months；According to soil moisture content, rainy weather, ground are selected
Table opens shallow ridges, and ditch depth 0.5-1.0cm, application rate is 4.0-5.0kg/hm2, drill spacing 20-30cm；
Rye grass sows measure：After harvest corn, according to soil moisture content, select more overcast and rainy, 25-29 DEG C of daily mean temperature
Weather is sowed.Earth's surface opens shallow ridges during sowing, carries out drilling.Application rate is 10-15kg/hm2, line-spacing 15-20cm；
Corn seeding measure is：After rye grass harvests, turn in good time and bury site preparation, first turn over 30cm；After 10-15 days, according to soil
The in good time rotary tillage of earth soil moisture content, is suitable with the suitable corn seeding of prepartion of land, line-spacing 50cm during program request, spacing in the rows 25cm, triangle mistake row
Plantation, per cave 2 plants of seedling is stayed.
Further, the crop rotation implantation methods of forage crop as above and cereal crops, adopt when witloof is sowed with
The mode that fine sand is sowed after mixing is carried out.
Further, forage crop as above and the crop rotation implantation methods of cereal crops, when witloof is sowed, apply nitrogen
35kg/hm2Do seed manure；Nitrogen 35-50kg/hm is imposed after cradling every time and after turning green2；Before corn seeding, with turning over, rye grass applies agriculture
Family fertilizer 30t/hm2, urea 75kg/hm2；The typhon phase imposes 450kg/hm2Corn fertilizer；Rye grass, during height of seedling 8-12cm,
The rainy day is selected to apply urea 15kg/hm2；Rear Nitrogen Top Dressing 75kg/hm is cradled every time2。
Further, the crop rotation implantation methods of forage crop as above and cereal crops, during witloof seeding and fertilizing, often
Year should impose available phosphorus 60-120kg/hm2, effective potassium 60-80kg/hm2。
Further, the crop rotation implantation methods of forage crop as above and cereal crops, the irrigation practice includes：
In May in November to next year, rye grass is after planting suitably irrigated according to soil moisture content, it is ensured that emerged neat；Rye grass is appropriate after cradling
Irrigate, especially during the 1-5 months, if soil water content is relatively low after cradling, to irrigate in time；Witloof is in the serious situation of water shortage
Under, easily bolting, to prevent witloof bolting, in the case where soil moisture content is relatively low, is irrigated in time according to precipitation event.
Further, the crop rotation implantation methods of forage crop as above and cereal crops, the pest and disease damage prevention and control are arranged
Apply including：Rye grass completed last time at the beginning of 4 months by the end of March and cradles and turn in good time, and tilling depth 25-30cm prevents later stage rye
Grass affects corn growth；After rye grass and corn seeding, note controlling weeds in field, corn field can be special with corn after emerging
Herbicide.Witloof notes controlling weeds in field in December-March in next year poor growth；Disease is less during Ryegrass Growth, base
This is without spraying insecticide；Witloof is in rainy season attention control maize ear rot；Corn diseases and insect pests control is identical with common land for growing field crops.
Beneficial effect：
Based on forage grass output, supplemented by grain output, output object is with forage grass (rye grass, witloof and maize straw) for the present invention
Based on, autumn in winter, rye grass and witloof can supply a large amount of forage grasses, meet husbandry sector needs；Summer corn row interplant
Witloof, can increase field air permeability, and preferably, yield per unit area is higher for corn field air permeability.Reduce agricultural production pair
The desirability of labour.Local forage grass supply is increased, promotes local animal husbandry development.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the present invention is carried out below
Clearly and completely describe, it is clear that described embodiment is a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than the embodiment of whole.Base
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art obtained under the premise of creative work is not made it is all its
His embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment：
1. field layout：
Growth belt is set up on request in field, bandwidth is 1.5-2.0m, adjacent growth belt plants different crops, for example
Growth belt A plants in turn rye grass or corn according to season, then growth belt B kinds plant witloof, and growth belt A and growth belt B is handed at interval
Fork plantation.
Using north and south planting patterns, exchange per 5-8 growth belts A and growth belt B and planted.
Arrangement of time is connected with crops for rotation
At the beginning of annual 4 the first tenday period of a month to 5 months, according to soil moisture content and Ryegrass Growth situation, last batch of rye grass is harvested in good time,
Turn over arrangement soil, program request corn；Late August to late September, jade is harvested in good time according to corn maturity and soil moisture content
Rice, hard stubble trench digging drilling rye grass.
2. field management
2.1 sowing
1) witloof sowing：Witloof selects to sow the 4-5 months.According to soil moisture content, more overcast and rainy weather is selected, earth's surface is opened shallow
Ditch, ditch depth 0.5-1.0cm, application rate is 4-5kg/hm2, drill spacing 20-30cm.After planting fine earth covers earth's surface suppression, makes
Seed is contacted closely with soil.If after planting continuous more than 5 days are relatively low without rain or soil moisture, suitably to irrigate, it is ensured that
Phase ofsprouting.Chicory seed is less, in order to accomplish that sowing is sowed after uniformly can mixing with fine sand.
2) rye grass sowing：After maize straw is harvested, according to soil moisture content, select more overcast and rainy, 25-29 DEG C of daily mean temperature
Weather is sowed.Earth's surface opens shallow ridges during sowing, carries out drilling.Application rate is 10-15kg/hm2, line-spacing 15-20cm.After planting
Fine earth covers earth's surface suppression, seed is contacted closely with soil.If after planting continuous more than 5 days without rain or soil moisture compared with
It is low, suitably to irrigate, it is ensured that Phase ofsprouting.Chicory seed is less, in order to accomplish that sowing is broadcast after uniformly can mixing with fine sand
Kind.
3) corn seeding：After rye grass harvests, turn in good time and bury site preparation, first turn over 30cm；After 10-15 days, according to soil moisture in the soil
The in good time rotary tillage of feelings, is suitable with the suitable corn seeding of prepartion of land.Program request (line-spacing 50cm, spacing in the rows 25cm), triangle mistake row plantation,
2 plants of seedling is stayed per cave.
2.2 fertilising
1) when witloof is sowed, nitrogen 35kg/hm is applied2Do seed manure.Nitrogen 35-50kg/hm is imposed after cradling every time and after turning green2
Sichuan hills area will suitably increase the supply of phosphorus potash fertilizer when witloof is especially planted on yellow soil, available phosphorus should be applied every year
(P2O5)60-120kg/hm2, effective potassium (K2O)60-80kg/hm2。
2) before corn seeding, with rye grass of turning over farm manure 30t/hm is applied2, urea 75kg/hm2；The typhon phase imposes
450kg/hm2Corn fertilizer.
3) when rye grass, height of seedling 10cm or so, the rainy day is selected to apply urea 15kg/hm2；Rear Nitrogen Top Dressing is cradled every time
75kg/hm2。
2.3 irrigate
Sichuan hills area is less in November to May precipitation, and rye grass is after planting suitably irrigated according to soil moisture content, it is ensured that gone out
Seedling is neat；Rye grass is appropriate after cradling to irrigate, especially during the 1-5 months, if soil water content is relatively low after cradling, and
When irrigate.Witloof in the case where water shortage is serious, easily bolting, to prevent witloof bolting, in the case where soil moisture content is relatively low,
Irrigate in time according to precipitation event.
2.4 pest control
1) rye grass completed to cradle and turn in good time for the last time at the beginning of 4 months by the end of March, and tilling depth 25-30cm prevents the later stage black
Wheat straw affects corn growth；After rye grass and corn seeding, note controlling weeds in field, corn field can be special with corn after emerging
Use herbicide.Witloof poor growth during December-March in next year, notes controlling weeds in field.
2) disease is less during Ryegrass Growth, substantially without spraying insecticide；Witloof is in rainy season attention control maize ear rot；Corn
Pest management is identical with common land for growing field crops.
Finally it should be noted that：Above example only to illustrate technical scheme, rather than a limitation；Although
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those within the art that：It still may be used
To modify to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or equivalent is carried out to which part technical characteristic；
And these modification or replace, do not make appropriate technical solution essence depart from various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme spirit and
Scope.
Claims (9)
1. crop rotation implantation methods of a kind of forage crop and cereal crops, it is characterised in that include：Field layout, implantation time
Arrangement, the measure of field management；
Field layout measures are：Growth belt, adjacent growth belt growing different crops, by growth belt A roots are set up on request in field
Rye grass or corn are planted in turn according to season, then growth belt B kinds plant witloof, growth belt A and growth belt B space crossings are planted；
Implantation time arranges measure to include：At the beginning of annual 4 the first tenday period of a month to 5 months, according to soil moisture content and Ryegrass Growth situation, receive in good time
Last batch of rye grass is obtained, arrangement soil of turning over, program request corn；Late August to late September, according to corn maturity and soil
The in good time harvesting corn of earth soil moisture content, hard stubble trench digging drilling rye grass；Witloof sowing selects the 4-5 months or sows the 8-9 months, and sowing once may be used
To harvest 5-8.
2. crop rotation implantation methods of forage crop according to claim 1 and cereal crops, it is characterised in that field layout
Measure also include：The a width of 1.5-2.0m of band of growth belt, rye grass drilling, the several bandwidth according to rye grass/corn of particular row
Depending on, line-spacing 15-20cm；Corn planting 2-3 rows, line-spacing 40-50cm；Witloof drilling is broadcasted sowing.
3. crop rotation implantation methods of forage crop according to claim 1 and cereal crops, it is characterised in that implantation time
The measure of arrangement also includes：Using north and south planting patterns, exchange per 5-8 growth belts A and growth belt B and sowed.
4. crop rotation implantation methods of forage crop according to claim 1 and cereal crops, it is characterised in that field management
Measure include：Sowing, fertilising, irrigation, disease pest and weed prevention and control measure；The sowing includes witloof sowing, rye grass sowing, jade
Rice sowing；
Wherein, witloof sowing measure be：Select the 4-5 months or sow the 8-9 months；According to soil moisture content, rainy weather, earth's surface is selected to open
Shallow ridges, ditch depth 0.5-1.0cm, application rate is 4.0-5.0kg/hm2, drill spacing 20-30cm；
Rye grass sows measure：After harvest corn, according to soil moisture content, more overcast and rainy, the weather of 25-29 DEG C of daily mean temperature is selected
Sowed.Earth's surface opens shallow ridges during sowing, carries out drilling.Application rate is 10-15kg/hm2, line-spacing 15-20cm；
Corn seeding measure is：After rye grass harvests, turn in good time and bury site preparation, first turn over 30cm；After 10-15 days, according to soil moisture in the soil
The in good time rotary tillage of feelings, is suitable with the suitable corn seeding of prepartion of land, line-spacing 50cm during program request, spacing in the rows 25cm, triangle mistake row plantation,
2 plants of seedling is stayed per cave.
5. crop rotation implantation methods of forage crop according to claim 4 and cereal crops, it is characterised in that witloof is sowed
The mode that Shi Caiyong is sowed after mixing with fine sand is carried out.
6. crop rotation implantation methods of forage crop according to claim 4 and cereal crops, it is characterised in that witloof is sowed
When, apply nitrogen 35kg/hm2Do seed manure；Nitrogen 35-50kg/hm is imposed after cradling every time and after turning green2；It is black with turning over before corn seeding
Wheat straw applies farm manure 30t/hm2, urea 75kg/hm2；The typhon phase imposes 450kg/hm2Corn fertilizer；Rye grass, height of seedling 8-
During 12cm, the rainy day is selected to apply urea 15kg/hm2；Rear Nitrogen Top Dressing 75kg/hm is cradled every time2。
7. crop rotation implantation methods of forage crop according to claim 6 and cereal crops, it is characterised in that witloof is sowed
During fertilising, available phosphorus 60-120kg/hm should be imposed every year2, effective potassium 60-80kg/hm2。
8. crop rotation implantation methods of forage crop according to claim 4 and cereal crops, it is characterised in that the irrigation
Measure includes：In May in November to next year, rye grass is after planting suitably irrigated according to soil moisture content, it is ensured that emerged neat；Rye grass is cut
It is appropriate after cutting to irrigate, especially during the 1-5 months, if soil water content is relatively low after cradling, to irrigate in time；Witloof is tight in water shortage
In the case of weight, easily bolting, to prevent witloof bolting, in the case where soil moisture content is relatively low, is filled in time according to precipitation event
Irrigate.
9. crop rotation implantation methods of forage crop according to claim 4 and cereal crops, it is characterised in that the disease pest
Evil prevention and control measure includes：Rye grass completed last time at the beginning of 4 months by the end of March and cradles and turn in good time, and tilling depth 25-30cm is prevented
Later stage rye grass affects corn growth；After rye grass and corn seeding, note controlling weeds in field, corn field can be used after emerging
Corn herbicides special.Witloof notes controlling weeds in field in December-March in next year poor growth；Disease during Ryegrass Growth
It is less, substantially without spraying insecticide；Witloof is in rainy season attention control maize ear rot；Corn diseases and insect pests control is identical with common land for growing field crops.
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| CN201611187466.2A CN106613227A (en) | 2016-12-20 | 2016-12-20 | Crop rotation planting method for forage crops and grain crops |
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| CN201611187466.2A CN106613227A (en) | 2016-12-20 | 2016-12-20 | Crop rotation planting method for forage crops and grain crops |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109122127A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2019-01-04 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Have both the intercropping and interplanting implantation methods of prevention and control of aphids Yu heavy metal-polluted soil prevention and treatment function |
| CN109429918A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-03-08 | 邵勇军 | A kind of cereal-forage rotation method |
| CN111657078A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-09-15 | 河南省饲草饲料站 | Forage grass high-yield rotation method in Huang-Huai-Hai region |
| CN113854068A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2021-12-31 | 黑龙江飞鹤乳业有限公司 | Cultivation method for replanting oat with high quality and high yield forage grass on black land barley |
| CN116171813A (en) * | 2023-02-21 | 2023-05-30 | 兰州大学 | Grain and grass rotation method for expanding soil reservoir capacity in northern dry-farming area |
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| CN116171813A (en) * | 2023-02-21 | 2023-05-30 | 兰州大学 | Grain and grass rotation method for expanding soil reservoir capacity in northern dry-farming area |
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