CN104126378A - Camellia oleifera plantation pasture planting and chicken stocking method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a camellia oleifera plantation pasture planting and chicken stocking method. The method is characterized in comprising the following steps: (1) a field for afforestation is selected; (2) field preparation and afforestation are carried out; (3) pasture is inter-planted in the plantation; (4) biological protection is carried out; (5) a biological fence is made; and (6) chicken stocking is carried out. Compared with that with a single camellia oleifera plantation, with the method provided by the invention, created income is substantially increased by 7 times, and economic benefit is substantially improved by 5.6 times. Also, the camellia oleifera plantation with pasture and chicken is beneficial for conserving soil and water and for improving biological diversity. With the method, agricultural production can be converted into an ecological-friendly type, and mountain plantation and breeding industry sustainable development can be promoted. According to the invention, through artificial pasture planting and chicken stocking, a biological protection project for conserving soil and water is constructed. With the method, recycling and high output can be realized. A scientific basis is provided for protecting ecological sustainable development. Land resource can be saved, and mountains can be highly efficiently and reasonably utilized.

Description

The method that a kind of oil tea garden kind grass is herded chicken

Technical field

The invention belongs to agricultural technology field and livestock technology field, more specifically relate to plantation high yield and high quality herbage in oil tea garden and herd chicken, and adopt biological protection engineering to conserve water and soil, realize sustainable development mountain farming.

Background technology

Oil tea is the evergreen dungarunga of Theaceae Camellia, height of tree 4-5 rice, general 2-3 rice.Because of its seed can extract oil edible, therefore named oil tea.Tea oil look clear taste is fragrant, and nutritious, storage tolerance, is high-quality edible oil, also can be used as lubricating oil, antirust for industry.Tea cake is agricultural chemicals, is also fertilizer, is to improve farmland water-holding capacity and control rice pest.Pericarp is the raw material of obtaining through refining banyan glue.It is the raw material of medical industry that xanthin, theophylline etc. are contained in leaf portion, and timber can be done small-sized farm tools.

The arctogaean realm of oil tea area is one line in Huaihe River-Qinling Mountains, and Nan Jie is roughly near the tropic of cancer, and Dong Jie is An He Taiwan, the Nanhe River, and Xi Jie is the Nujiang River Basin in Yunnan and Qinghai-Tibet eastern edge.Vertical distribution is in eastern region, and generally at height above sea level below 800 meters, west area can reach 2000 meters of height above sea level.

Along with improving constantly of living standards of the people, both at home and abroad edible oil classification and rank are required also progressively to improve, China's edible oil is just transformed to ocean health by practical.Seed of Camellia oleifera oil-containing is more than 30%, and the unsaturated fatty acid content of tea oil is up to 90%, and contains the specific physiological activators such as camellia alkali, has high nutritive value.Tea oil is rich in oleic acid, linolenic acid, meets the needs of human nutrition health, meets the main flow of contemporary grease consumption, has huge potential market.Abroad health care tea oil and the theaflavin etc. that can do chemical products raw material are in great demand, prospect of export is very wide.

In the situation that very in short supply in China arable land, utilizing mountain region resource development woody oleiferous plants industry, is a very effective and feasible approach.

Plantation oil tea return efficiency is very high, and once plantation can utilize by super-long-term (80 years), and the output value is high, remarkable benefit.Promote energetically camellia oleiferaindustry development to promoting community's agricultural development, rural prosperity, increasing peasant income are significant and significant role.

But, in oil tea garden, herd chicken to improve

Raise chicken on pasture land has saving grain, maintains sustainable development, has the features such as environmental protection and peculiar flavour.Herd chicken freely movable and search for food on open meadow, fully accept the irradiation of sunlight, strengthen the amount of exercise of chicken, be conducive to promote the conversion of growth and vitamin D, physique stalwartness, premunition are strong, are conducive to the high grade chook of production safety, nutrition, health care.

Summary of the invention

Object of the present invention is just to provide a kind of oil tea garden high-efficiency comprehensive utilization industrial chain pattern, by Planting Grass, herds chicken, builds biological protection engineering and conserves water and soil, and realization recycles, efficient output, and protection Ecological Sustainable Development provides scientific basis.

For addressing the above problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

The method that oil tea garden kind grass is herded chicken, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:

1), afforestation selection of land;

The weather that selection region, oil tea garden is warm and moist, require year-round average temperature 14-21 ℃, minimum monthly mean temperature must not be lower than 0 ℃, the highest monthly mean temperature is 31 ℃, relative moisture is between 74-85%, average annual rainfall is more than 1000 millimeters, and four seasons distributed uniform, sunshine 1800-2000 hour; Soil condition requires the acid yellow soil with ph value 5-6.5, and loose, deep, draining is good, and more fertile sand is good; Sun-drenched tailo or half tailo must be selected in oil tea garden, forest land slope aspect select to select south orientation, east orientation or the southeast to;

2), prepare for afforestation;

Adopt and entirely to cultivate land preparation mode, carry out whole ground, depth of turning soil 20-30 centimetre, remove foreign material, allow the soil slaking of being exposed to the sun, slaking flattens after reaching requirement, and next fixed point surrounded by mountains is dug cave, cave volume 60*60*60cm, direct seeding forestation sowing; Tree planting the most in good time early Febuary phase to last ten-days period, to complete in mid-March at the latest;

3), interplanting herbage;

Interplanting planting crop rotation grassplot annual crop rotation is cultivated, and can the anniversary herd utilization, and herbage variety has in perennial ryegrass, alfalfa, Bai Sanye, summer witloof, bitter wheat dish, lomax wherein one or more; The herbage 3-4 month in summer is sowed, Winter Forage sowing in September; Type of seeding is drilling, line-spacing 30cm, and different cultivars is broadcast between adopting;

4), biological protection;

Along horizontal direction surrounded by mountains, open ring ditch, ditch bottom width 60cm, dark 50cm, joint is long suitable because of ground, and ditch is apart from 30m, and next side dense planting herbage along ring ditch slope, forms runoff interception retaining band, prevents erosion, and plays water and soil conservation effect; Protective belt is comprised of dissimilar herbage, near tall and big sturdy type herbage hybrid giant napier, the hybrid Chinese pennisetum of standing upright of ground floor plantation of ring ditch, and in bilayer the type herbage that crawls such as the large winged bean of mixed seeding, form efficient ecological boundary belt;

5), Biology fence;

With tall and big herbage hybrid giant napier, the hybridization napier grass of perennial Fast Growth, the highdensity Biology fence of planting, as the isolation strip of regional rotation grazing; Fence line width 0.8m-1.0m, in length and breadth line-spacing 800m-1000m; Fence is longitudinally vertical with contour, and horizontal and contour equality, intersects in length and breadth, and meadow, oil tea garden is isolated into several square or trapezoidal communities, community area 10-12 mu, and Si Ge community is a raise chicken on pasture land unit group; Each community, handing-over center, Si Ge community arranges a dodge gate; The height of Biology fence is pruned and is controlled at 1.5 meters of left and right, and both having guaranteed to herd chicken can not jump in flyer, can not affect again the lighting and ventilation of tea oil tree;

6), raise chicken on pasture land;

Herd chicken and select suitable chicken kind of herding, the mode of herding is regional rotation grazing; One group of alternate grazing in community all round, 15 days, each community, samsara in 60 days is once; Si Ge community switching centre builds a hen house in place; Hen house builds for built on stilts, canopy cover sealing, and the water that prevents from leaking, a house ancient piece of jade, round, flat and with a hole in its centre arranges window, so that it is smooth to ventilate; Lay with bamboo chip or wood lath on floor, and the wide 5cm of bamboo chip or wood lath, stays 1.5cm space between slip, and chicken manure leaks down voluntarily, and under hen house, ground is slope, and the chicken manure leaking down rolls in adfluxion voluntarily, is convenient to labor cleaning.

Owing to having adopted technique scheme, compared with prior art, the present invention obviously increases than single tea place extra earning, the former is 7 times of the latter, and remarkable in economical benefits improves, and the former is the latter 5.6 times, simultaneously, kind of grass is herded chicken fat tea place and is conducive to water and soil conservation, bio-diversity be improved significantly, promote agricultural production Eco-friendly to transform and the sustainable development of mountain planting industry and aquaculture.The present invention, herds chicken by Planting Grass, builds biological protection engineering and conserves water and soil, and realization recycles, efficient output, and protection Ecological Sustainable Development provides scientific basis, saves land resources, and mountain region obtains efficient and rational utilization.

Embodiment

Embodiment:

The method that oil tea garden kind grass is herded chicken, comprises the following steps:

1), afforestation selection of land

The weather that selection region, oil tea garden is warm and moist, require year-round average temperature 14-21 ℃, minimum monthly mean temperature must not be lower than 0 ℃, the highest monthly mean temperature is 31 ℃, relative moisture is between 74-85%, average annual rainfall is more than 1000 millimeters, and four seasons distributed uniform, sunshine 1800-2000 hour.Soil condition requires the acid yellow soil with ph value 5-6.5, and loose, deep, draining is good, and more fertile sand is good.Sun-drenched tailo or half tailo must be selected in oil tea garden, particularly be located in peak and love overlapping mountain area, especially will note forest land slope aspect selection, should select south orientation, east orientation or the southeast to, for conserving water and soil, nourish oil tea garden, water source and should select 25 ℃ with downslope or gentle slope, to afforest.

2), prepare for afforestation

Adopt and entirely cultivate land preparation mode, carrying out whole ground, depth of turning soil 20-30 centimetre 8-9 month, remove stone, the foreign material such as tree root, allow the soil slaking of being exposed to the sun, and to fixed point surrounded by mountains after fine earth leveling in November, dig cave, cave volume 60*60*60sm, direct seeding forestation was sowed in the 11-12 month, tree planting the most in good time early Febuary phase to last ten-days period, will complete in mid-March at the latest.

3), interplanting herbage

Main two kinds of the object of interplanting herbage, the one, protection is ecological, prevents the water and soil loss of oil tea garden, and the 2nd, for raise chicken on pasture land provides feed resource.Interplanting planting perennial grass ground, planting can utilize for 1 year for many years, for summer, autumn raise chicken on pasture land.Herbage variety is mainly used Paspalum wettsteinii, paspalum notatum, shrub lespedeza.The annual crop rotation of interplanting planting crop rotation grassplot is cultivated, and can the anniversary herd utilization, and herbage variety is mainly used perennial ryegrass in winter, alfalfa, Bai Sanye; Summer witloof, bitter wheat dish, lomax.The herbage 3-4 month in summer is sowed, Winter Forage sowing in September.Type of seeding is drilling, line-spacing 30cm, and different cultivars is broadcast between adopting.

4), biological protection

Along horizontal direction surrounded by mountains, open ring ditch, ditch bottom width 60cm, dark 50cm, joint is long suitable because of ground, and ditch is apart from 30m, and next side dense planting herbage along ring ditch slope, forms runoff interception retaining band, prevents erosion, and plays water and soil conservation effect.Protective belt is comprised of dissimilar herbage, and ground floor (near ring ditch) is planted tall and big sturdy type herbage hybrid giant napier, the hybrid Chinese pennisetum of standing upright, and in bilayer the type herbage that crawls such as the large winged bean of mixed seeding, form efficient ecological boundary belt.

5), Biology fence

With the tall and big herbage hybrid giant napier of perennial Fast Growth, hybridization napier grass etc., the highdensity Biology fence of planting, as the isolation strip of regional rotation grazing, fence line width 0.8m-1.0m, in length and breadth line-spacing 800m-1000m.Fence is longitudinally vertical with contour, and horizontal and contour equality, intersects in length and breadth, and meadow, oil tea garden is isolated into several square or trapezoidal communities, community area 10-12 mu, and Si Ge community is a raise chicken on pasture land unit group.Each community, handing-over center, Si Ge community arranges a dodge gate.The height of Biology fence is pruned and is controlled at 1.5 meters of left and right, and both having guaranteed to herd chicken can not jump in flyer, can not affect again the lighting and ventilation of tea oil tree.

6), raise chicken on pasture land

Herd chicken and select suitable chicken kind of herding, as river frog, the black chicken in Dehua, black pin fiber crops chicken, three yellow chickens, black-bone chicken etc.The mode of herding is regional rotation grazing.One group of alternate grazing in community all round, 15 days, each community, samsara in 60 days is once.Si Ge community switching centre builds a hen house in place, can hold a chicken.Hen house builds for built on stilts, canopy cover sealing, and the water that prevents from leaking, a house ancient piece of jade, round, flat and with a hole in its centre arranges window, so that it is smooth to ventilate.Lay with bamboo chip or wood lath on floor, and the wide 5cm of bamboo chip or wood lath, stays 1.5cm space between slip, and chicken manure leaks down voluntarily, and under hen house, ground is slope, and the chicken manure leaking down rolls in adfluxion voluntarily, is convenient to labor cleaning.

The present invention plants grass and herds chicken fat tea place and be conducive to water and soil conservation, bio-diversity be improved significantly, promote agricultural production Eco-friendly to transform and the sustainable development of mountain planting industry and aquaculture.The present invention, herds chicken by Planting Grass, builds biological protection engineering and conserves water and soil, and realization recycles, efficient output, and protection Ecological Sustainable Development provides scientific basis, saves land resources, and mountain region obtains efficient and rational utilization.

Concrete application: 100 mu, simple adult oil tea garden, 20 kilograms of per mu yield tea seeds, 50 yuan of prices per jin, 100,000 yuan of annual value of production.300 yuan every mu of administrative expenses, 30,000 yuan of 100 mu of oil tea garden administrative expenses, 80 yuan of every mu of fertilizer and agricultural chemicals expenses, 8000 yuan of expenses of 100 mu of need.3.8 ten thousand yuan of 100 mu of total expenses, 6.2 ten thousand yuan of profits.And 100 mu of kind grass are herded chicken tea place, because water and fertilizer condition improves, ecotope is good, and per mu yield tea seed can reach 30 kilograms, 150,000 yuan of annual value of production.10000 chickens of 2 batches of meters of chicken are herded in 100 mu of oil tea gardens every year, 55 yuan of every chicken prices, and 550,000 yuan of annual value of production, plant grass and tea garden management and take annual 100000 yuan, herd 250,000 yuan of chicken costs, and 100 mu of kind grass are herded 700,000 yuan of chicken tea place annual value of production, 350,000 yuan of profits.

The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned preferred embodiment, and anyone should learn the structural change of making under enlightenment of the present invention, and every have identical or akin technical scheme with the present invention, all belongs to protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. the method that oil tea garden kind grass is herded chicken, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:

1), afforestation selection of land;

The weather that selection region, oil tea garden is warm and moist, require year-round average temperature 14-21 ℃, minimum monthly mean temperature must not be lower than 0 ℃, the highest monthly mean temperature is 31 ℃, relative moisture is between 74-85%, average annual rainfall is more than 1000 millimeters, and four seasons distributed uniform, sunshine 1800-2000 hour; Soil condition requires the acid yellow soil with ph value 5-6.5, and loose, deep, draining is good, and more fertile sand is good; Sun-drenched tailo or half tailo must be selected in oil tea garden, forest land slope aspect select to select south orientation, east orientation or the southeast to;

2), prepare for afforestation;

Adopt and entirely to cultivate land preparation mode, carry out whole ground, depth of turning soil 20-30 centimetre, remove foreign material, allow the soil slaking of being exposed to the sun, slaking flattens after reaching requirement, and next fixed point surrounded by mountains is dug cave, cave volume 60*60*60cm, direct seeding forestation sowing; Tree planting the most in good time early Febuary phase to last ten-days period, to complete in mid-March at the latest;

3), interplanting herbage;

Interplanting planting crop rotation grassplot annual crop rotation is cultivated, and can the anniversary herd utilization, and herbage variety has in perennial ryegrass, alfalfa, Bai Sanye, summer witloof, bitter wheat dish, lomax wherein one or more; The herbage 3-4 month in summer is sowed, Winter Forage sowing in September; Type of seeding is drilling, line-spacing 30cm, and different cultivars is broadcast between adopting;

4), biological protection;

Along horizontal direction surrounded by mountains, open ring ditch, ditch bottom width 60cm, dark 50cm, joint is long suitable because of ground, and ditch is apart from 30m, and next side dense planting herbage along ring ditch slope, forms runoff interception retaining band, prevents erosion, and plays water and soil conservation effect; Protective belt is comprised of dissimilar herbage, near tall and big sturdy type herbage hybrid giant napier, the hybrid Chinese pennisetum of standing upright of ground floor plantation of ring ditch, and in bilayer the type herbage that crawls such as the large winged bean of mixed seeding, form efficient ecological boundary belt;

5), Biology fence;

With tall and big herbage hybrid giant napier, the hybridization napier grass of perennial Fast Growth, the highdensity Biology fence of planting, as the isolation strip of regional rotation grazing; Fence line width 0.8m-1.0m, in length and breadth line-spacing 800m-1000m; Fence is longitudinally vertical with contour, and horizontal and contour equality, intersects in length and breadth, and meadow, oil tea garden is isolated into several square or trapezoidal communities, community area 10-12 mu, and Si Ge community is a raise chicken on pasture land unit group; Each community, handing-over center, Si Ge community arranges a dodge gate; The height of Biology fence is pruned and is controlled at 1.5 meters of left and right, and both having guaranteed to herd chicken can not jump in flyer, can not affect again the lighting and ventilation of tea oil tree;

6), raise chicken on pasture land;

Herd chicken and select suitable chicken kind of herding, the mode of herding is regional rotation grazing; One group of alternate grazing in community all round, 15 days, each community, samsara in 60 days is once; Si Ge community switching centre builds a hen house in place; Hen house builds for built on stilts, canopy cover sealing, and the water that prevents from leaking, a house ancient piece of jade, round, flat and with a hole in its centre arranges window, so that it is smooth to ventilate; Lay with bamboo chip or wood lath on floor, and the wide 5cm of bamboo chip or wood lath, stays 1.5cm space between slip, and chicken manure leaks down voluntarily, and under hen house, ground is slope, and the chicken manure leaking down rolls in adfluxion voluntarily, is convenient to labor cleaning.