CN102613056B - Original ecological culture method of dendrobium candidum - Google Patents
Original ecological culture method of dendrobium candidum Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an original ecological culture method of dendrobium candidum and belongs to the technical field of biological resource culture. The original ecological culture method of the dendrobium candidum is characterized in that the natural growth forest environment is selected, the sun shading effect of branches and leaves is utilized, the natural sun shading degree is 70 percent to 80 percent, the light irradiation is diffused light or scattered light, the light illumination intensity is 3000 to 5000lux, culture media are washed away from seedlings for field planting, the roots of the dendrobium candidum are placed onto culture substrates in a way that 3 to 5 strains are used as one bundle according to the bundle distance being 8-12*18-22cm, the roots are covered until the roots cannot be seen, sufficient water is watered, the air humidity is ensured to be 80 to 95 percent, the temperature is 19 to 33 DEG C, the water spraying is carried out for 1 to 2 times every day after the planting, and the water spraying is sufficient in each time. The original ecological culture method of the dendrobium candidum has the advantages that the natural growth forest environment is used as a carrier, high-quality and efficient culture substrates are adopted, the environment favorable for the growth of the dendrobium candidum is formed, the survival rate of the dendrobium candidum is as high as more than 95 percent, in addition, the yield is high, and the culture cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to living resources Cultivating techniques field, be specifically related to a kind of original ecology cultivating method of dendrobium candidum.
Background technology
Dendrobium candidum since thousand its a direct sum glossy ganoderma, ginseng, Cordyceps sinensis etc. be equally listed in top grade Chinese medicine.The stem of noble dendrobium is the orchid family Dendrobium Sw, and whole world the orchid family about has 500 genus, kind more than 15000; Dendrobium is one of genus maximum in the orchid family.China's the orchid family about has 150 genus, 1000 kinds, is mainly distributed in provinces and regions on the south the Qinling Mountains and the Yangtze river basin; The most of kind of Dendrobium Sw all integrated distribution, between north latitude 15 ° 30 ' ~ 25 ° 12 ', and is prolonged kind more northwards and is then reduced gradually.China's dendrobium candidum is mainly distributed in the ground such as Zhejiang, Guangxi, Hunan, Guizhou.
Growth of Dendrobium candidum is in the moon place of overhanging cliff, and the normal suspension cable precipice of ancients or archery gather.Dendrobium candidum, throughout the year by the anima in the world, inhales the elite of life, as health superfine product, since ancient times deeply by the favor of imperial palace noble.But because its growth conditions is very harsh, natural production is very rare, more excessively excavates for a long time because of among the people, cause wild resource endangered.In the international market, dendrobium candidum is processed to a kind of Chinese medicine being " admirable in all its details ", and every kilogram of price about 3000 dollars is grass the most expensive in the world.Wild dendrobium candidum generally grows between height above sea level 100-3000 rice height, often grows nonparasitically upon another plant on or rock upper in tree, likes warm.Moistening and half cloudy environment, does not resist cold.Growth thermophilic 18 ~ 30 DEG C, vegetative period is more suitable with 16 ~ 21 DEG C, resting stage 16 ~ 18 DEG C, and evening temperature is 10 ~ 13 DEG C, and the temperature difference remains on 10 ~ 15 DEG C of the bests.Day temperature is little to stem of noble dendrobium growth effect more than 30 DEG C, and winter temperature is not less than 10 DEG C.Seedling is easily endured cold below 10 DEG C.The natural propagation ability of wild iron sheet is low, poor growth, has forbidden at present plucking.
Although first of the property function official hats and canopies stem of noble dendrobium of dendrobium candidum, the dendrobium candidum circulated in the market is substantially all artificial cultivar.Harshness due to Growth of Dendrobium candidum environment, artificial cultivation dendrobium candidum must capture the technical barrier of stable variety, prevents the degeneration of iron sheet kind.Therefore current tame dendrobium candidum is generally divided into two kinds, and a kind of is the place of production, source at iron sheet, namely traditional Chinese medicine " tunnel " place of production of being particular about, as Zhejiang, Yunnan etc., rely on natural control environment, plant with the form kind of booth, its output, quality are all comparatively subject to local environment restriction.Another kind of then be the mode by imitative wild simulation, a series of facilities and equipment is utilized to simulate the environmental condition such as matrix, temperature, illumination, air quality, humidity of optimum Growth of Dendrobium candidum, formed " microclimate " that specialty is unique, again by modern agriculture management means disease and pest control, guarantee the stable of the variety and quality of dendrobium candidum.
Summary of the invention
For the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the object of the invention is to design the technical scheme of the original ecology cultivating method that a kind of dendrobium candidum is provided, using the forest environment of self-sow as carrier, select high-quality and efficient cultivation matrix, utilize the suitable Shade effect of branches and leaves in forest environment, be formed with a kind of implantation methods being beneficial to Growth of Dendrobium candidum environment.The cultivation matrix chosen has ventilating air permeability again according to the existing good moisture capacity of dendrobium candidum biological nature, during large-scale production raw material be easy to get, easy to operate.
The original ecology cultivating method of described a kind of dendrobium candidum, is characterized in that adopting following methods to cultivate:
Under selecting the forest environment of self-sow, utilize the Shade effect of its branches and leaves, naturally degree of shading is 70% ~ 80%, illumination is diffused light or scattered light, intensity of illumination is at 3000 ~ 5000lux, the seedling of field planting or the hardening nursery stock of more than a year are taken out, wash away medium, by 3-5 strain 1 clump, clump is apart from 8-12 × 18-22cm, the root of the stem of noble dendrobium is placed on cultivation matrix, then root is covered to after loseing root by matrix, automatic or manual mode is adopted to water sufficient water, ensure that officinal dendrobium stem plantation place air humidity is at 80-95%, temperature is at 19-33 DEG C, plant 1-2 water of spraying rear every day, till irrigating at every turn,
Described cultivation matrix is made up of the following material of weight content: 25-35% bark or wood dust mince, 35-45% rubble, 28-37% fertilizer, and described fertilizer is humic acid organic fertilizer or animal wastes.
The original ecology cultivating method of described a kind of dendrobium candidum, is characterized in that the content that bark or wood dust mince is 26-32%, preferred 28-30%; The content of rubble is 36-42%, preferred 38-40%; The content of fertilizer is 30-35%, preferred 32-34%.
The original ecology cultivating method of described a kind of dendrobium candidum, it is characterized in that described bark or wood dust mince as 2-3cm pulverized particles, described bark is pine bark.
The original ecology cultivating method of described a kind of dendrobium candidum, is characterized in that nature degree of shading is 75% ~ 78%.
The original ecology cultivating method of described a kind of dendrobium candidum, is characterized in that intensity of illumination is 3500 ~ 4500lux, is preferably 3700 ~ 4000lux.
The original ecology cultivating method of described a kind of dendrobium candidum, is characterized in that the nursery stock of field planting by clump apart from 9-11 × 19-20cm cultivation.
The original ecology cultivating method of described a kind of dendrobium candidum, is characterized in that cultivation place air humidity is 82-92%, preferred 85-90%.
The original ecology cultivating method of described a kind of dendrobium candidum, is characterized in that cultivation place temperature is 20-30 DEG C, preferred 23-26 DEG C.
The original ecology cultivating method of above-mentioned a kind of dendrobium candidum, using the forest environment of self-sow as carrier, selects high-quality and efficient cultivation matrix, and utilize the suitable Shade effect of branches and leaves in forest environment, be formed with the growing environment being beneficial to dendrobium candidum, it is easy to operate.The cultivation matrix chosen has good moisture capacity and ventilating air permeability; be conducive to the fixing of plant; the survival rate of dendrobium candidum when cultivating in woods can be significantly improved; its survival rate is up to more than 95%; can also the output of remarkable dendrobium candidum; during large-scale production, the raw material of its cultivation matrix is easy to get, and reduces cultivation cost.
The percentage composition related in present specification unless otherwise indicated, other the weight percentage being pure material.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment 1:
The original ecology cultivating method of this dendrobium candidum, following methods is adopted to cultivate: under selecting the forest environment of self-sow, utilize the Shade effect of its branches and leaves, naturally degree of shading is 75%, illumination is diffused light or scattered light, intensity of illumination is at 4000lux, the seedling of field planting or the hardening nursery stock of more than a year are taken out, wash away medium, by 4 strain 1 clump, clump is apart from 10 × 20cm, the root of the stem of noble dendrobium is placed on cultivation matrix, then root is covered by matrix, until after loseing root, automatic or manual mode is adopted to water sufficient water, ensure that officinal dendrobium stem plantation place air humidity is 90%, temperature is at 25 DEG C, plant 2 water of spraying rear every day, till irrigating at every turn, described cultivation matrix is minced by 30% bark or wood dust, 40% rubble, 30% fertilizer form, and described fertilizer is humic acid organic fertilizer or animal wastes.
In above-described embodiment 1: degree of shading is 70% or 80% naturally, intensity of illumination is at 3000 lux, 3500 lux, 4500 lux or 5000lux, field planting clump is apart from 8 × 18cm or 12 × 22cm, officinal dendrobium stem plantation place air humidity is 80%, 82%, 88% or 95%, and temperature is at 19 DEG C, 23 DEG C, 25 DEG C, 30 DEG C or 33 DEG C; Described cultivation matrix is minced by 25% bark or wood dust, 42% rubble, 33% fertilizer form, and described fertilizer is humic acid organic fertilizer; Or described cultivation matrix is minced by 28% bark or wood dust, 36% rubble, 36% fertilizer form, described fertilizer is animal wastes; Or described cultivation matrix is minced by 35% bark or wood dust, 37% rubble, 28% fertilizer form, described fertilizer is humic acid organic fertilizer and animal wastes; The other the same as in Example 1, also can obtain beneficial effect of the present invention.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with concrete comparative trial.
Test 1: adopt the forest environment described in embodiment 1, respectively determination test is carried out to the officinal dendrobium stem plantation survival rate adopting forest soil cultivation, substrate culture is cultivated, described described cultivation matrix is minced by 30% bark or wood dust, 40% rubble, 30% fertilizer form, and described fertilizer is humic acid organic fertilizer and animal wastes; The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 is cultivation of dendrobium officinale survival rate (%) in different substrates
Result of the test shows: in forest, dendrobium candidum directly cannot be survived in forest soil, survival rate is cultivated and direct soil cultivation exists significant difference in cultivation matrix of the present invention, according to 1-3 annual earnings medicinal material survival rate, in matrix, the survival rate of cultivation of dendrobium officinale is apparently higher than direct soil cultivation.
Test 2: the relation test of different planting dendrobium candidum output, following two kinds of planting types are established in test respectively, and test calculates 667m respectively
2output (kg), detailed results is in table 2.
1) facility cultivation pattern: by the environmental condition such as matrix, temperature, illumination, air quality, humidity utilizing a series of facilities and equipment to simulate optimum Growth of Dendrobium candidum, carries out plantation growth by officinal dendrobium stem plantation in the booth of imitative wild simulation.
2) sylvan life ecosystem substrate culture pattern (i.e. embodiment 1)
The per mu yield (kilogram) of dendrobium candidum under table 2 different planting
| Planting type | Per mu yield (kg) |
| Facility cultivation pattern | 65 |
| Sylvan life ecosystem substrate culture pattern (embodiment 1) | 160 |
Result of the test shows: dendrobium candidum gained per mu yield under different planting exists significant difference, according to medicinal material per mu yield under two kinds of planting types, the per mu yield of sylvan life original ecology cultivating pattern dendrobium candidum (embodiment 1) is apparently higher than facility cultivation pattern.
The original ecology cultivating method of this dendrobium candidum, degree of shading under the forest environment of self-sow, intensity of illumination, cultivation spacing, humidity, temperature, spray timings are all limited, and the constituent content of cultivation matrix is also limited, making to have in cultivation can the supplemental characteristic of foundation, scientific management, cultivation, significantly improve the survival rate of dendrobium candidum and the output of dendrobium candidum when cultivating in woods.
Claims (1)
1. an original ecology cultivating method for dendrobium candidum, is characterized in that adopting following methods to cultivate:
Under selecting the forest environment of self-sow, utilize the Shade effect of its branches and leaves, naturally degree of shading is 75% ~ 78%, illumination is diffused light or scattered light, intensity of illumination is at 3700 ~ 4000lux, the seedling of field planting or the hardening nursery stock of more than a year are taken out, wash away medium, by 3-5 strain 1 clump, clump is apart from 9-11 × 19-20cm, the root of the stem of noble dendrobium is placed on cultivation matrix, then root is covered to after loseing root by matrix, automatic or manual mode is adopted to water sufficient water, ensure that officinal dendrobium stem plantation place air humidity is at 85-90%, temperature is at 23-26 DEG C, plant 1-2 water of spraying rear every day, till irrigating at every turn,
Described cultivation matrix is made up of the following material of weight content: 30% bark or wood dust mince, 40% rubble, 30% fertilizer, and described fertilizer is humic acid organic fertilizer or animal wastes; Described bark or wood dust mince as 2-3cm pulverized particles, and described bark is pine bark.
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| CN102823478B (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2014-07-02 | 仁化县鑫宇生态开发有限公司 | Dendrobium officinale seedling hardening method |
| CN103004445B (en) * | 2013-01-06 | 2014-07-23 | 戴亚峰 | Method for directly seedling dendrobe seedlings by using plastic greenhouse |
| CN103109661A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2013-05-22 | 安徽霍山县药王谷林农科技有限公司 | Method of imitating wild cultivation in dendrobe forest |
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| CN105028159A (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2015-11-11 | 宣威市农硕农特产品开发有限公司 | Imitation wild planting substrate for dendrobium officinale and preparing method |
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| CN106359045A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-01 | 柳州市泓吉农业科技有限公司 | Groove type cultivation method of dendrobium officinale |
| CN107409979A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-12-01 | 江西九草铁皮石斛科技协同创新有限公司 | A kind of method of sylvan life pseudo-wild cultivating dendrobium candidum |
| CN110178662A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-08-30 | 贺州市安业种养专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method of eggplant |
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