CN102860218B - Field cultivation method for grassland white mushrooms - Google Patents
Field cultivation method for grassland white mushrooms Download PDFInfo
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- CN102860218B CN102860218B CN201210374298.3A CN201210374298A CN102860218B CN 102860218 B CN102860218 B CN 102860218B CN 201210374298 A CN201210374298 A CN 201210374298A CN 102860218 B CN102860218 B CN 102860218B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a field cultivation method for grassland white mushrooms. By the field cultivation method, the grassland white mushrooms can be cultivated artificially in the original ecological environment. By artificially cultivating and rejuvenating stock culture, cultivating stock seeds and cultivar, preparing cultivation materials according to biological characteristics of the grassland white mushrooms, obeying geoherbalism of the grassland white mushrooms and massively producing the grassland mushrooms by means of physioclimate, vegetation conditions and auxiliary manual intervention measures in the original ecological area of the grassland white mushrooms, the field cultivation method realizes artificial cultivation of endangered grassland white mushrooms and keeps rich nutritions, edible value of fresh taste and thick fragrance and medical and healthcare values of the grassland white mushrooms. Without applying chemical fertilizer and pesticides, ecology of grasslands is protected from damage, natural pollution-free wild characteristics of the grassland white mushrooms are kept, and the ecological environment of the grasslands is protected.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wild edible fungus technical field of cultivation, particularly a kind of prairie Tricholomataceae field planting method.
Background technology
Prairie Tricholomataceae has another name called that Tricholoma mongolicum (tricholoma mongolicum Imai) belongs to Agaricales (A garicales), Tricholomataceae (Tricholomat aceae), Tricholoma (Tricholoma) are the northerly edible mushroom of growth.
Prairie Tricholomataceae is containing mineral element and polysaccharide, polypeptide, the triterpene isoreactivity composition such as rich in protein, vitamin and potassium, selenium, iron, phosphorus, there is high edibility and higher medicinal, health-care effect, be mainly distributed in the Inner Mongol, Hebei, Heilungkiang, the grassland in Jilin, Qiu Ling area.
The bacterial context of prairie Tricholomataceae is plump, quality is fine and smooth, strongly fragrant just aromatic, and taste is unique delicious, and be treasure in bacterium, enjoy a good market both at home and abroad market always, is the domestic fungus resource of China's preciousness.But in recent years due to ecological disruption, grass-land deterioration and gather the reason such as excessive, output declines to a great extent, and the wild-type strain of this preciousness of prairie Tricholomataceae is endangered.
The problem that prairie Tricholomataceae is endangered in recent years obtains the concern of relevant expert scholar, start to investigate the growth conditions of prairie Tricholomataceae and ecotope, and achieve a collection of achievement, also carry out research and the test of prairie Tricholomataceae artificial cultivation technique, but not yet obtain essence breakthrough at present.
Prairie Tricholomataceae is the northerly wild edible fungus of growth, has the biological characteristic of following uniqueness:
1, Regional Distribution, prairie Tricholomataceae is mainly distributed in grassland, the Qiu Ling area of the provinces such as the Inner Mongol, Hebei, Heilungkiang, Jilin, also has distribution in Mongolia, Russia.
2, geography and climate feature, prairie Tricholomataceae suitable growth area height above sea level 600-1700m, average temperature of the whole year-3-1 DEG C, be more than or equal to 10 DEG C of accumulated temperature at 1800-2600 DEG C, about frostless number of days 90-110 days, annual precipitation 300-600 millimeter, wherein 50% concentrate on the 7-8 month, year gentle degree is 0.3-0.7, atmospheric moisture 4-7mb, has the rain heat same period and the large feature of day and night temperature.
3, prairie Tricholomataceae mycelial growth developmental characteristic, surviving the winter in mycelia field can-45 DEG C of survival, the annual the first tenday period of a month in May go up to start restoration ecosystem with temperature, under soil, the growth of 5-20cm depths spreads, first arrival early August in July forms velvet-like mycelia and former base in soil 3-10cm depths, late July produces fruit body to early September, and early August to early September is the fruit body multiple phase.
4, soil types, the soil types of prairie Tricholomataceae growth is chernozem, chestnut soil, P in soil H value 5.6-7.2, water content 25-40%, and the withered layer 3-5cm of soil table herbage, humus layer 30-40cm, root system of plant is in the humus layer of more than 25cm.
5, vegetation structure, prairie Tricholomataceae vegetation is with distinctive fairy ring type distributes, plant has diversity and complexity, based on rhizome grass and tussock, constructive species is sheep's hay, main plant kind comprise sheep's hay, Bei Jiaer pin Acorns, wheatgrass, hidden son grass, day cloudy villous themeda, the composition such as prairie sagewort, Da grass, Filifolium sibiricum, sheep Acorns, yellow capsule sedge, star hair wither, mound dish, the wind-weed, radix bupleuri, plant mean height 15-25cm, always degree of covering 50-80%.
6, edaphon, in prairie Tricholomataceae soil for growth, the distribution of microorganism and liveness situation are, the quantity of aerophile bacterium, fungi and liveness and prairie Tricholomataceae fruit body there is positive correlation, the prairie Tricholomataceae fruit body emergence period is also aerophile bacterium, the more comparatively active period of fungi monoid quantity; Spore bacteria, actinomycetic quantity and liveness and prairie Tricholomataceae mycelial growth have positive correlation, and the prairie Tricholomataceae mycelia emergence period is also spore bacteria, the more comparatively active period of actinomycetes monoid quantity; Draw spore bacteria thus, actinomycetes are conducive to prairie Tricholomataceae mycelial growth, aerophile bacterium, fungi are conducive to prairie Tricholomataceae fruit body and occur, and each monoid quantity of edaphon and mushroom mycelium interact as the formation of fruit body development and mushroom provides special environmental condition.
7, the chemical-biological activities of soil, by the research to soil biochemistry activity, the metabolic process of prairie Tricholomataceae soil for growth can be understood further, to the nutrition such as biochemistry intensity and carbon in soil, nitrogen, phosphorus of the white mushroom soil for growth of regulable control, there is important effect.Soil Respiration is the highest during white mycelial growth on grassland, there is positive correlation, illustrate that mycelia has vigorous respiratory metabolism when growing, the activity of invertase, phosphatase, urase prairie Tricholomataceae mycelia and sporophore growth lower, not there is positive correlation, show that mycelial growth has inhibitory action to its activity.
8, the carbon nitrogen source nutritive peculiarity of prairie Tricholomataceae, prairie Tricholomataceae mycelia and fruit body optimum carbon source are sucrose, soluble starch, maltose, glucose etc., the amount of carbon source affects very large for mycelia and fruit body, primary carbon source deficiency can affect mycelial growth, extend vegetative period, reduce the biomass of fruit body, affect output; Prairie Tricholomataceae mycelia and fruit body optimum nitrogen source are beef extract, yeast extract, peptone, ammonium nitrate etc., and nitrogenous source is not enough can the have an impact growth of mycelia and the growth of fruit body, better C/N ratio is 20:1-40:1.
In sum, the genuineness of prairie Tricholomataceae is: the wild mycelia of prairie Tricholomataceae can survive at-45 DEG C, more than 5 DEG C start restoration ecosystem, optimum growth temperature is 22-28 DEG C, growth area is height above sea level 600-1500m grassland, Qiu Ling, year rainfall 400-600mm, 50% concentrates on the 7-8 month, rain heat the same period, temperature difference per day 14-17 DEG C, day and night temperature is large, year relative moisture is about 65%, the 7-8 month reaches more than 75%, optimum carbon source is sucrose, soluble starch, optimum nitrogen source is yeast extract, beef extract, peptone, better C/N ratio is 20:1-40:1, pH value is 6.0-7.0, V
c, V
b6can promote the growth of mycelia preferably with α-naphthyl acid, vegetation structure is rhizome grass and tussock, and constructive species is sheep's hay.
Draw thus, wild prairie Tricholomataceae is under the comparatively stable prerequisite of temperature condition, and the principal element affecting prairie Tricholomataceae growth is quantity of useful microbe and liveness in rainfall, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of soil and soil.
Due to the mutual comprehensive function of the genotypic and environment condition of prairie Tricholomataceae genuineness, define the biological nature of prairie Tricholomataceae mycelia and fruit body, what existing prairie Tricholomataceae artificial domesticating cultivation method adopted mostly is the fungus growing technique that biological nature is not outstanding, adaptability is wider, the required environmental condition of prairie Tricholomataceae growth can not be met, under there is artificial cultivation condition, though mycelia easily survives, but fruit body not easily forms problem, this is the main cause that do not make a breakthrough so far of artificial cultivation prairie Tricholomataceae technology just.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of field planting method, make prairie Tricholomataceae lowered in field environment carry out artificial cultivation, realize the object of wild prairie Tricholomataceae large-scale production.
The technical scheme of prairie Tricholomataceae field planting method of the present invention is, adopt artificial culture mother kind, rejuvenation mother kind, cultivate original seed and cultivation strain, according to the biological nature preparation planting material of prairie Tricholomataceae, and make the in-built planting material of cultivation bag with the piece of sack, cultivation strain is accessed, under being placed on the frame in selected cultivation planning region, follow the genuineness of prairie Tricholomataceae, local climate environment and natural vegetation condition is utilized, indirect labor's intervening measure large-scale production prairie Tricholomataceae in prairie Tricholomataceae ecosystem region.
1, bacterial classification is cultivated
Gather and select healthy and strong prairie Tricholomataceae to make female kind, aseptically cut fresh wild prairie Tricholomataceae fruit body, choose the meat bacteria organization of cap stem boundary sheet, move in the vessel containing PDA medium, put it in insulating box and cultivate, cover with culture vessel when mycelia and namely complete female making of planting; The mother of acquisition is planted implant expand containing in PDA culture vessel, put into insulating box to cultivate, mycelia is covered with culture vessel and namely completes female Culturing of planting, rejuvenation mother kind mycelia is put into-20 DEG C of insulating boxs together with the vessel containing PDA medium preserve, treat that Second Year cultivates cultivation original seed and cultivation strain.
Rejuvenation mother kind mycelia is progressively heated up and reaches about 10 DEG C by the May of Second Year, when putting into the PDA culture vessel of expansion after mycelia restoration ecosystem, cultivates in insulating box, when obtaining prairie Tricholomataceae original seed after the full culture vessel of mycelial growth; The prairie Tricholomataceae original seed obtained is put into the medium container of expansion, naturally cultivate in the environment of 20-25 DEG C, when mycelium covers with medium container i.e. obtained batch prairie Tricholomataceae cultivation strain.
The PDA medium component that described mother plants is potato 220g/L, sucrose 100g/L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 5g/L, V
b620mg/L, yeast extract 5g/L, agar 50g/L, water 100ml, proportions, PH 6.0-7.0;
The PDA medium component that described rejuvenation mother plants is sucrose 50g/L, maltose 50g/L, peptone 10g/L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 5g/L ， Hai acid magnesium 1g/L, V
b620mg/L, water 100ml, proportions, PH 6.0-7.0;
The PDA medium of described original seed is identical with the PDA medium that rejuvenation mother plants;
The PDA medium component of described cultivation strain is oat 30%-50%, rotten grass meal 30-35%, cow dung 20-30%, land plaster 1-5%, yeast extract 5-10%, sucrose 2-5%, V
b61-5%, material-water ratio example 1:0.8, proportions, PH is 6.0-7.0.
2, planting material makes, the formula of planting material is cow dung 40%, rotten grass bits 25%, chestnut soil 25%, land plaster 2%, superphosphate 2%, sucrose 2%, yeast extract 4%, planting material takes composting process to process, cow dung, rotten grass meal, chestnut soil are successively stacked, successively add land plaster, superphosphate, sucrose, yeast extract, drench with water, the turning when material temperature reaches 70-80 DEG C, makes batching turn evenly through 4-5 turning, and ferments, C/N ratio reaches 35:1, water tariff collection 60-65%, PH adjustment is at 6.0-7.0, for subsequent use after sterilizing.
3, original ecology cultivating environment is selected, ecosystem refers to the ecotope that prairie Tricholomataceae self-sow is bred and condition, ecosystem environment of the present invention be select prairie Tricholomataceae ecosystem vegetatively, make full use of physioclimate, natural vegetation, soil types, edaphon, soil organismsization is active, carbon nitrogen source nutrition meets prairie Tricholomataceae biological nature and genuineness, the employing manual intervention householder method that natural environment and condition can not meet or supply adjusts.In prairie Tricholomataceae ecosystem region, consider the basic condition such as water resource, traffic and select grassland and carry out scale cultivation, adopt fence mode to carry out protect and manage.
4, indirect labor's Facilities Construction, the facilities such as micro spray irrigation facility, pergola facility, climatic environment monitoring are built in cultivation area, realize climate monitoring, automatic micro-sprinkling irrigation irrigate and overlay film humidification, overlay film shading, formed man-made irrigation, humidification, adjustment temperature, regulating illumination ability.
5, cultivation management method, the piece of sack is adopted to be processed into cultivation bag, the planting material of in-built composting, by in the planting material in prairie Tricholomataceae cultivation strain access bag, under the frame that cultivation bag is put in planning construction cultural area, on cover rotten grass or rotten grass bits, or shallow ridges is dug on grassland under the frame of cultivation area, the cultivation bag of access cultivation strain is placed in ditch and cover rotten grass or rotten grass bits.Management is noted observe weather and liquid manure situation, when natural environment can not meet the growth conditions of prairie Tricholomataceae, micro spray irrigation is utilized to moisturize, increase humidity, pergola facility overlay film is utilized to improve temperature or sunshade, all right spray nutritious liquor is fertile, and adjustment pH value, guarantees ecosystem environment and the condition of prairie Tricholomataceae.
Further, irrigate and the facility such as overlay film owing to adopting climate monitoring, automatic micro-sprinkling irrigation, improve environment and the condition of field cultivating prairie Tricholomataceae, make the vegetative period of prairie Tricholomataceae fruit body by the one and a half months of early August (fruit body emergence period) to late September (mycelia decline phase) in its natural state, before prolong to early July, after prolong to late September three months, improve output, add cultivation benefit.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, artificial culture rejuvenation mother is adopted to plant, cultivate original seed and cultivated species, according to the biological nature preparation planting material of prairie Tricholomataceae, physioclimate environment and Vegetation condition is utilized in the primary long state territory of prairie Tricholomataceae, indirect labor's intervening measure, large-scale production prairie Tricholomataceae, breach the difficult point of prairie Tricholomataceae artificial cultivation in biological nature, genuineness, endangered prairie Tricholomataceae is made to achieve artificial cultivation, and it is nutritious to maintain wild white mushroom, delicious aromatic edibility and medicinal, health value.This cultivation method does not use fertilizer and pesticide; do not destroy grassland ecology; maintain the wild characteristic of natural, pollution-free, the green cultivation of prairie Tricholomataceae; extend the growth emergence period of fruit body; improve the capacity and output of prairie Tricholomataceae, and this cultivation method is applicable to factorial praluction and commerial growing, this cultivation method economizes on resources; increase grassland nutrient, protect ecology of grassland.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and embodiment, prairie Tricholomataceae original ecology cultivating method of the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment 1
Cultivating bacterial classification selects healthy and strong wild prairie Tricholomataceae to make female kind, aseptically cut fresh wild prairie Tricholomataceae fruit body, choose the meat bacteria organization at cap stem circle place, move into PDA medium is housed vessel in put into insulating box and cultivate, temperature remains on 25-28 DEG C, through the cultivation of 25-30 days, mycelia was covered with culture vessel and namely completes female making of planting; The mother of acquisition is planted being equipped with in PDA culture medium vessel of implantation expansion and put into insulating box, temperature remains on 25-28 DEG C, through the cultivation of 25-30 days, mycelia is covered with culture vessel and namely completes female Culturing of planting, rejuvenation mother kind mycelia is put into-20 DEG C of insulating boxs preserve, wait to cultivate original seed and cultivated species use.
When cultivating original seed and cultivated species, rejuvenation mother kind mycelia is progressively heated up and reaches about 10 DEG C, rejuvenation mother puts into the PDA culture medium vessel of expansion after planting mycelia restoration ecosystem ability, cultivate 20-25 days, after mycelia covers with culture vessel, namely obtain prairie Tricholomataceae original seed under 25-28 DEG C of constant temperature; Prairie Tricholomataceae original seed is put into the medium container of expansion, place the interior cultivation naturally of environment of 20-25 DEG C, through 20-25 days self-sows, namely obtain batch prairie Tricholomataceae cultivation strain when mycelium covers with culture vessel.
The PDA medium component that described cultivation mother plants is potato 220g/L, sucrose 100g/L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 5g/L, V
b620mg/L, yeast extract 5g/L, agar 50g/L, water 100ml, proportions, PH 6.0-7.0.
The PDA medium component that described rejuvenation mother plants is sucrose 50g/L, maltose 50g/L, peptone 10g/L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 5g/L ， Hai acid magnesium 1g/L, V
b620mg/L, water 100ml, proportions, PH 6.0-7.0.
The PDA medium component of described mycelia original seed is identical with the PDA medium component that rejuvenation mother plants mycelia.
The PDA medium component of described cultivated species is oat 30%-50%, rotten grass bits 30-35%, cow dung 20-30%, land plaster 1-5%, yeast extract 5-10%, sucrose 2-5%, V
b61-5%, material-water ratio is 1:0.8, PH 6.0-7.0, and described corruption grass bits are rhizome grass and the tussock of prairie Tricholomataceae natural vegetation.
Embodiment 2
Planting material makes, and the formula of planting material is cow dung 40%, rotten grass bits 25%, chestnut soil 25%, land plaster 2%, superphosphate 2%, sucrose 2%, yeast extract 4%.Planting material takes composting process to process, cow dung, rotten grass bits, chestnut soil are successively stacked, successively adds land plaster, superphosphate, drench with water, the turning when material temperature reaches 70-80 DEG C, through 4-5 turning, batching is mixed thoroughly, and ferment, put into sucrose and yeast extract during turning the last time, carbon nitrogen reaches 35:1, water tariff collection 60-65%, PH adjustment is at 6.0-7.0, for subsequent use after sterilizing.
Embodiment 3
Select original ecology cultivating environment, select cultivation area vegetatively in prairie Tricholomataceae ecosystem, consider the condition such as water resource, traffic and determine that planting scale is carried out on cultivation grassland, adopt fence mode to carry out protect and manage.
Embodiment 4
Indirect labor's Facilities Construction, the facilities such as micro spray irrigation facility, pergola facility, climatic environment monitoring are built in cultivation planning region, realize climate monitoring automatic micro-sprinkling irrigation to irrigate and be humidified with overlay film, overlay film shading, forms the ability that grassland wild white mushroom cultivates man-made irrigation, humidification, adjustment temperature, regulating illumination on a large scale.
Embodiment 5
Cultivation management method, the piece of sack is adopted to be processed into the cultivation bag of long 50cm, wide 30cm, thick 20cm, the planting material of in-built composting, by in the planting material in prairie Tricholomataceae cultivation strain access bag, cultivation bag by horizontal interval 60cm, under vertical interval 20cm in a row puts the frame of cultivation planning region, on cover the rotten grass of 3-5cm or rotten grass bits, or under cultivation planning region frame, dig the shallow ridges of dark 25cm, wide 35cm, shallow ridges interval 60cm, places the corruption grass or rotten grass bits that cover 3-5cm in ditch by postvaccinal cultivation bag.Management is noted observe weather and liquid manure situation, when natural environment can not meet the biological growth conditions of prairie Tricholomataceae, utilize micro spray irrigation, moisturize, increase humidity, utilize plastic greenhouse facility to improve temperature or regulating illumination, nutrition fertilizer can also be sprayed, adjustment pH value, keep ecosystem growing environment and the condition of prairie Tricholomataceae, realize the cultivation of prairie Tricholomataceae Large scale field and produce.
Claims (3)
1. a prairie Tricholomataceae field planting method, medium is adopted to cultivate cultivation strain, formula composting planting material, the piece of sack is processed into long 50cm, wide 30cm, the cultivation material bag of thick 20cm, the planting material of in-built composting, cultivation strain is accessed in planting material, cultivation bag by horizontal interval 60cm, under vertical interval 20cm is in a row placed in the frame of cultivation planning region, on cover the rotten grass of 3-5cm or rotten grass bits, or dark 25cm is dug under cultivation planning region frame, the shallow ridges of wide 30cm, shallow ridges interval 60cm, postvaccinal cultivation material bag is placed the corruption grass or rotten grass bits that cover 3-5cm in ditch.
2. a kind of prairie Tricholomataceae field planting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, medium by cultivating the PDA medium that female PDA medium, rejuvenation mother planted plant, the PDA medium cultivating original seed, the PDA medium cultivating original seed, the PDA medium of cultivating cultivated species form; Cultivate female PDA culture medium prescription potato 220g/L planted, sucrose 100g/L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 5g/L, V
b620mg/L, yeast extract 5g/L, agar 50g/L, water 100ml, proportions, PH6.0-7.0; The PDA culture medium prescription that rejuvenation mother plants is sucrose 50g/L, maltose 50g/L, peptone 10g/L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 5g/L ， Hai acid magnesium 1g/L, V
b620mg/L, water 100ml, proportions, PH6.0-7.0; The PDA medium cultivating original seed is identical with the PDA medium component of female kind of rejuvenation of filling a prescription; The PDA medium cultivating cultivated species is swallow formula wheat 30%-50%, rotten grass bits 30-35%, cow dung 20-30%, land plaster 1-5%, yeast extract 5-10%, sucrose 2-5%, V
b61-5%, material-water ratio is 1:0.8, PH is 6.0-7.0, and rotten grass bits are rhizome grass and the tussock of prairie Tricholomataceae natural vegetation.
3. a kind of prairie Tricholomataceae field planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the formula of composting planting material is cow dung 40%, rotten grass bits 25%, chestnut soil 25%, land plaster 2%, superphosphate 2%, sucrose 2%, yeast extract 4%.
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| CN106613172B (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2020-03-10 | 广州甘润堂生物科技有限公司 | Original ecological planting method of anoectochilus roxburghii in Guangdong-oriented chemical-change lake sky and land |
| CN108048335B (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2021-02-05 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | Noval strain grassland white mushroom No. 2 of Mongolian tricholoma mongolicum and breeding method thereof |
| CN107964513B (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2021-03-23 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | Noval strain grassland white mushroom No.1 of Mongolian tricholoma mongolicum and breeding method thereof |
| CN108235900A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-07-03 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | A kind of Tricholoma mongolicum new strains prairie Tricholomataceae 3 and its acclimation method |
| CN109706085A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-05-03 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | No. 7 bacterial strains of one plant of Tricholoma mongolicum prairie Tricholomataceae and its acclimation method |
| CN111713337A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-09-29 | 黄冈师范学院 | Organic cultivation method of stropharia rugoso-annulata by using wild Chinese silvergrass as main material |
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| CN1545841A (en) * | 2003-12-10 | 2004-11-17 | 方在吉 | Method for domesticating prairie Tricholomataceae and method for cultivating the same |
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| 长白山珍品圈白蘑人工栽培技术要点;刘敬娟等;《辽宁农业科技》;20061018;全文 * |
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