CN104012381A - Culturing method for transplanting dendrobium officinale to old fruit trees in parasitic mode - Google Patents
Culturing method for transplanting dendrobium officinale to old fruit trees in parasitic mode Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a culturing method for transplanting dendrobium officinale to old fruit trees in a parasitic mode and belongs to the technical field of planting plants. The culturing method comprises the steps of culturing seedling tissues, hardening the tissue culture seedlings and transplanting the seedlings to the old fruit trees in the parasitic mode for culturing. The step of hardening the tissue culture seedlings comprises the steps of selecting the bottled tissue culture seedlings, preparing matrixes for culturing the young seedlings, applying fertilizer, carrying out field planting and carrying out field planting management; the step of transplanting the seedlings to the old fruit trees in the parasitic mode comprises the steps of selecting the young dendrobium officinale seedlings, the old host fruit trees and culturing fields of the old host fruit trees, adopting a transplanting method and carrying out culture management. The culturing method solves the prevailing problems that due to the special natural growing environment of the dendrobium officinale, manual culturing is difficult to carry out, the survival rate of transplanting is low, the product quality is not ideal and the planting cost is high, land and space are fully utilized, operation and management are easy to carry out, resource materials are saved, manpower and material resources are saved, and good economic benefits and social benefits are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant growing technology, relate in particular to a kind of officinal dendrobium stem plantation method, be specially a kind of parasitic officinal dendrobium stem plantation method to old fruit tree of transplanting.
Background technology
Dendrobium candidum has another name called ribbed hedyotis herb (Dendrobim officinale Kimura et Migo), belongs to Angiospermae, unifacial leaf guiding principle, micro-specific item, the orchid family, Dendrobium, is a kind of famous and precious traditional Chinese medicine.In < < Sheng Nong's herbal classic > > before more than 1400 years and the ancient books such as < < Compendium of Materia Medica > > before more than 400 year, just there is dendrobium candidum to there is the record of the effects such as Yin-nourishing and body fluid promoting.Utilize modern medical means also to confirm that dendrobium candidum contains the compositions such as the alkaloids such as dendrobine, the stem of noble dendrobium time alkali and methine stem of noble dendrobium element, stem of noble dendrobium quinone, volatile oil and polysaccharide.Dendrobium candidum is mainly distributed in the dark and damp woods in mountain valley half of height above sea level 600-2500m on the upper or border rock of tree, and the ecotope of requirement is more special, and dendrobium candidum fruit-setting rate is low, and seed is difficult for germinateing, and natural propagation rate is extremely low; Yin Senlin wrecks again, and living environment worsens, and adds long-term the excavating of people, and wild dendrobium candidum resource is more and more rare, and provenance has been faced exhaustion, in endangered condition.Country has classified dendrobium candidum as the rare and endangered species that one class is laid special stress on protecting, and the artificial cultivation that therefore develops dendrobium candidum becomes the road of protecting and utilizing the certainty of dendrobium candidum resource.
The traditional cultivation method being most widely used at present mainly contains land for growing field crops greenhouse cultivation technology.In the greenhouse cultivation method of land for growing field crops, the cost of booth is high, and one mu of booth cost is low by three or five ten thousand, more than 20 ten thousand yuan of height, and the input in early stage is too large, is unfavorable for promoting the use of of peasant.In addition, the easy endophytic bacteria of the environment in booth land for growing field crops and fungoid illness.Because dendrobium candidum happiness is moist, water funk too much again, water is many, rotten of poor aeration meeting, water is few, overdrying, can thirst again, although the stem of noble dendrobium has stronger drought resistance, long-term lack of water, the too high meeting of surface temperature is roasting dead stem of noble dendrobium base portion, cross wet, overlong time, root will be rotten dead, and growth animated period is afraid of again arid and is afraid of ponding.The environment that adds land for growing field crops easily produces more damage by disease and insect, and these are all to cause bacillary and reason fungoid illness.Therefore, peasant needs higher technology and more rich experience when control, and this is also unfavorable for promoting the use of of peasant.
Land for growing field crops greenhouse cultivation is in the process of plantation, and owing to having lacked natural environment, field planting dendrobium candidum is out difficult to reach the more than 15% thick polyoses content of the stem of noble dendrobium in quality, has also lacked the distinctive fragrance of wild dendrobium candidum in mouthfeel.Therefore, the dendrobium candidum of field planting greatly reduces the effect of the stem of noble dendrobium.Because Seeds of Dendrobium Candidum is difficult, collect, percentage of seedgermination is low, and seminal propagation, and seedling raise period is long, has greatly increased the cultivation cost of dendrobium candidum, is unfavorable for the artificial establishing in large scale of dendrobium candidum.So in current artificial cultivation, breeding is main relies on division propagation and cottage propagation, but the method reproduction coefficient is low, both uneconomical, limited again the yield potentiality of dendrobium candidum, inconvenient Planting management is promoted, thereby expansion cultivated area is suppressed.People have started artificial propagation, and many places have adopted tissue culture propagation method to obtain fast a large amount of seedling; Because dendrobium candidum carries out when the tissue culture propagation in artificial environment, its medical value is far away from wild dendrobium candidum.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: for the problem of above-mentioned existence, a kind of parasitic officinal dendrobium stem plantation method to old fruit tree of transplanting is provided, solved dendrobium candidum because self-sow environment is special, to artificial cultivation, bring certain difficulty, the problem such as ubiquitous transplanting survival rate is low, product quality is undesirable, planting cost is high, makes full use of soil and space, and operational administrative is simple and easy, the material that economizes on resources, uses manpower and material resources sparingly, and has good economic benefit and social benefit.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of officinal dendrobium stem plantation method of transplanting on parasitic extremely old fruit tree, its step comprises seedling tissue cultivating, training tissue culture seedling, the parasitic old fruit growing of transplanting, described training tissue culture seedling comprises the selection of group training seedling bottle seedling, cultivates the preparation of seedling matrix, fertilising, field planting and field planting management, and the parasitic old fruit growing of described transplanting comprises the following steps:
(1) dendrobium candidum seedling is selected: select high 6-8cm healthy and strong, without the dendrobium candidum seedling of damage by disease and insect;
(2) parasitic old fruit tree and parasitic old fruit tree woods milpa are selected: select the place low-lying, moistening, air conditions is good, selection normal growth more than 10 years and epidermis have the old fruit tree of liver moss, and clear up foreign material and the damage by disease and insect of old fruit tree epidermis;
(3) transplanting method: by dendrobium candidum seedling replanting to fruit tree epidermis, it is moistening that tree skin keeps, during transplanting, with liver moss, make the solid root of base soil, and with rope, the wrapping of dendrobium candidum seedling is fixed on fruit tree epidermis, prevent that the stem of noble dendrobium seedling from coming off or become flexible, transplanting is apart from 20-30cm, and 2-3 strain is planted in every cave;
(4) cultivation management: when humidity is lower than spraying water in time below 70%, planting environment relative moisture is controlled in 75～90%, to guarantee sufficient Water condition and nutrient, maintains optimal light and closes the ecological condition that grows.
Further, the condition of described training tissue culture seedling, for group training seedling is placed on and transplants the hardening that carry out 5-10 days in place, is 15-30 ℃ in temperature, cultivates seedling 2-3 month under the condition of humidity 70-80%.
Further, described cultivation seedling matrix is that the virus-free bark wood shavings without insect pest, peanut shell, wooden chaff are carried out disinfection and fermented, and fermentation time is more than one month.
As preferred version of the present invention, dendrobium candidum seedling replanting is selected at mid-April to late June, temperature is transplanted at 15-30 ℃.
Further, the old fruit tree of described parasitism is one or more combinations in longan, pear tree, grapefruit or strawberry tree.
In sum, owing to having adopted technique scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, plant routinely dendrobium candidum, the rule raising fruit trees is all one-sided plantation, and this kind is the crop of different genera section class.Generally can not combine plantation, by this method for interplanting cultivation, both can be combined, bring into play larger economic benefit and social benefit, make full use of soil and space, the material that economizes on resources, uses manpower and material resources sparingly, and plays the effect killing two birds with one stone.
2, operational administrative of the present invention is simple and easy.Stem of noble dendrobium seedling is transplanted on trees, allowed its self-sow, convenient management is simple.
3, save manually.Dendrobium candidum general every mu of lid grid, retting raw material, need artificial 10-15 working day, just uses this technology, just greatly saves the large content of starting materials of retting, this work of lid grid built of preparing.
4, economize in raw materials and cost.More than 10 ten thousand yuan of general every mu of dendrobium candidum scaffolding built retting raw material investments, adopt this technology not need scaffolding, retting cost of material, just can save more than ten thousand yuan of this cost 6-7.
5, cost-saving synergistic is remarkable.Adopt dendrobium candidum parasitic cultivation, greatly reduce costs, every mu be only investment material cost with regard to cost-saving synergistic more than ten thousand yuan of 6-7.The product of producing belongs to natural prodcuts mostly, and nutrition, economic worth are higher, have greatly improved plantation economic benefit.
6, ecological, environmental protective.Reduce discarded object and drop into, realize sustainable development, keep ecotope, renewable resources utilization.
Embodiment
A kind of officinal dendrobium stem plantation method of transplanting on parasitic extremely old fruit tree of the present invention, its step comprises seedling tissue cultivating, training tissue culture seedling, the parasitic old fruit growing of transplanting, described training tissue culture seedling comprises the selection of group training seedling bottle seedling, cultivates the preparation of seedling matrix, fertilising, field planting and field planting management, and the parasitic old fruit growing of described transplanting comprises the following steps:
(1) dendrobium candidum seedling is selected: select high 6-8cm healthy and strong, without the dendrobium candidum seedling of damage by disease and insect;
(2) parasitic old fruit tree and parasitic old fruit tree woods milpa are selected: select the place low-lying, moistening, air conditions is good, selection normal growth more than 10 years and epidermis have the old fruit tree of liver moss, and clear up foreign material and the damage by disease and insect of old fruit tree epidermis;
(3) transplanting method: by dendrobium candidum seedling replanting to fruit tree epidermis, it is moistening that tree skin keeps, during transplanting, with liver moss, make the solid root of base soil, and with rope, the wrapping of dendrobium candidum seedling is fixed on fruit tree epidermis, prevent that the stem of noble dendrobium seedling from coming off or become flexible, transplanting is apart from 20-30cm, and 2-3 strain is planted in every cave;
(4) cultivation management: when humidity is lower than spraying water in time below 70%, planting environment relative moisture is controlled in 75～90%, to guarantee sufficient Water condition and nutrient, maintains optimal light and closes the ecological condition that grows.
Wherein, the condition of training tissue culture seedling, for group training seedling is placed on and transplants the hardening that carry out 5-10 days in place, is 15-30 ℃ in temperature, cultivates seedling 2-3 month under the condition of humidity 70-80%.
As some embodiments of the present invention, cultivating seedling matrix is that the virus-free bark wood shavings without insect pest, peanut shell, wooden chaff are carried out disinfection and fermented, and fermentation time is more than one month.
As some embodiments of the present invention, dendrobium candidum seedling replanting is selected at mid-April to late June, temperature is transplanted at 15-30 ℃.
As some embodiments of the present invention, the old fruit tree of described parasitism is one or more combinations in longan, pear tree, grapefruit or strawberry tree.
Now technical solution of the present invention is further described in conjunction with the embodiments:
Embodiment 1
A kind of officinal dendrobium stem plantation method of transplanting on parasitic extremely old fruit tree, its step comprises seedling tissue cultivating, training tissue culture seedling, transplant parasitic old fruit growing, described training tissue culture seedling comprises the selection of group training seedling bottle seedling, cultivating seedling matrix prepares, fertilising, field planting and field planting management, cultivating seedling matrix is by the virus-free bark wood shavings without insect pest, peanut shell, wood chaff carries out disinfection and ferments, fermentation time is more than one month, the condition of training tissue culture seedling is for being placed on group training seedling to transplant the hardening that carry out 5 days in place, in temperature, it is 15 ℃, under the condition of humidity 70%, cultivate seedling 3 months.
Wherein, transplanting parasitic old fruit growing comprises the following steps:
(1) dendrobium candidum seedling is selected: select high 6cm healthy and strong, without the dendrobium candidum seedling of damage by disease and insect;
(2) parasitic old fruit tree and parasitic old fruit tree woods milpa are selected: parasitic old fruit tree is longan; select the place low-lying, moistening, air conditions is good; select the above and epidermis of normal growth 10 years to have the old fruit tree of liver moss, and clear up foreign material and the damage by disease and insect of old fruit tree epidermis;
(3) transplanting method: transplant at 15 ℃ at mid-April, temperature, by dendrobium candidum seedling replanting to fruit tree epidermis, it is moistening that tree skin keeps, during transplanting, with liver moss, make the solid root of base soil, and with rope, the wrapping of dendrobium candidum seedling is fixed on fruit tree epidermis, prevent that the stem of noble dendrobium seedling from coming off or become flexible, transplant apart from 20cm, 2 strains are planted in every cave;
(4) cultivation management: spray water in time lower than 70% when humidity, planting environment relative moisture is controlled in 80%, to guarantee sufficient Water condition and nutrient, maintains optimal light and closes the ecological condition that grows.
Embodiment 2
A kind of officinal dendrobium stem plantation method of transplanting on parasitic extremely old fruit tree, its step comprises seedling tissue cultivating, training tissue culture seedling, transplant parasitic old fruit growing, described training tissue culture seedling comprises the selection of group training seedling bottle seedling, cultivating seedling matrix prepares, fertilising, field planting and field planting management, cultivating seedling matrix is by the virus-free bark wood shavings without insect pest, peanut shell, wood chaff carries out disinfection and ferments, fermentation time is more than one month, the condition of training tissue culture seedling is for being placed on group training seedling to transplant the hardening that carry out 10 days in place, in temperature, it is 30 ℃, under the condition of humidity 80%, cultivate seedling 2 months.
Wherein, transplanting parasitic old fruit growing comprises the following steps:
(1) dendrobium candidum seedling is selected: select high 7cm healthy and strong, without the dendrobium candidum seedling of damage by disease and insect;
(2) parasitic old fruit tree and parasitic old fruit tree woods milpa are selected: parasitic old fruit tree is longan; select the place low-lying, moistening, air conditions is good; select the above and epidermis of normal growth 10 years to have the old fruit tree of liver moss, and clear up foreign material and the damage by disease and insect of old fruit tree epidermis;
(3) transplanting method: transplant at 30 ℃ at late June, temperature, by dendrobium candidum seedling replanting to fruit tree epidermis, it is moistening that tree skin keeps, during transplanting, with liver moss, make the solid root of base soil, and with rope, the wrapping of dendrobium candidum seedling is fixed on fruit tree epidermis, prevent that the stem of noble dendrobium seedling from coming off or become flexible, transplant apart from 25cm, 2 strains are planted in every cave;
(4) cultivation management: spray water in time lower than 65% when humidity, planting environment relative moisture is controlled in 75%, to guarantee sufficient Water condition and nutrient, maintains optimal light and closes the ecological condition that grows.
Embodiment 3
A kind of officinal dendrobium stem plantation method of transplanting on parasitic extremely old fruit tree, its step comprises seedling tissue cultivating, training tissue culture seedling, transplant parasitic old fruit growing, described training tissue culture seedling comprises the selection of group training seedling bottle seedling, cultivating seedling matrix prepares, fertilising, field planting and field planting management, cultivating seedling matrix is by the virus-free bark wood shavings without insect pest, peanut shell, wood chaff carries out disinfection and ferments, fermentation time is more than one month, the condition of training tissue culture seedling is for being placed on group training seedling to transplant the hardening that carry out 8 days in place, in temperature, it is 30 ℃, under the condition of humidity 80%, cultivate seedling 2 months.
Wherein, transplanting parasitic old fruit growing comprises the following steps:
(1) dendrobium candidum seedling is selected: select high 8cm healthy and strong, without the dendrobium candidum seedling of damage by disease and insect;
(2) parasitic old fruit tree and parasitic old fruit tree woods milpa are selected: parasitic old fruit tree is longan; select the place low-lying, moistening, air conditions is good; select the above and epidermis of normal growth 10 years to have the old fruit tree of liver moss, and clear up foreign material and the damage by disease and insect of old fruit tree epidermis;
(3) transplanting method: transplant at 25 ℃ at mid-April, temperature, by dendrobium candidum seedling replanting to fruit tree epidermis, it is moistening that tree skin keeps, during transplanting, with liver moss, make the solid root of base soil, and with rope, the wrapping of dendrobium candidum seedling is fixed on fruit tree epidermis, prevent that the stem of noble dendrobium seedling from coming off or become flexible, transplant apart from 30cm, 3 strains are planted in every cave;
(4) cultivation management: spray water in time lower than 70% when humidity, planting environment relative moisture is controlled in 90%, to guarantee sufficient Water condition and nutrient, maintains optimal light and closes the ecological condition that grows.
Embodiment 4
Different from above-described embodiment, the old fruit tree of described parasitism is a kind of in pear tree, grapefruit or strawberry tree, or the old fruit tree of described parasitism is the two or more combinations in longan, pear tree, grapefruit or strawberry tree.
Dendrobium candidum is transplanted parasitic arboriculture and is referred to and plant the implantation methods of growing in the normal surface of trees of growth by cultivating ripe stem of noble dendrobium seedling replanting.Transplant before plantation, first to cultivate the dendrobium candidum seedling of maturation, stalwartness, then select growth to there are normally the trees of water suction epidermis, clear up tree skin foreign material damage by disease and insect, spring and summer then season, preferably to the Qing Ming Day, be transplanted on tree skin and cultivate the Spring Equinox, surface of trees can absorb moisture and absorb moisture growth for stem of noble dendrobium seedling.During transplanting, with liver moss, do the solid root moisturizing of base soil, and with rope, the wrapping of dendrobium candidum seedling is fixed on tree skin, be convenient to the growth of bark Surface absorption moisture, prevent that the stem of noble dendrobium seedling from coming off or become flexible.Dendrobium candidum is transplanted to after tree skin layer, and it is moistening that tree skin keeps.Fairly simple convenience in management, because dendrobium candidum and trees symbiosis are long, with absorbing nutrient, can spray leaf and fertile assisting growth if desired.Extermination of disease and insect pest aspect is lighter than the damage by disease and insect of the set in brickwork stem of noble dendrobium of artificial lid canopy, because the parasitic trees of dendrobium candidum have leaf shielding, ventilated.
About about 2 years of harvest time of the present invention, the first two years per mu yield 150-200 kilogram, about output value 20000-25000 unit, adds the output value of old fruit tree, a year per mu yield value can reach ten thousand yuan of left and right of 3-4, the parasitic old fruit tree formation effect of shared harvest for many years of transplanting of dendrobium candidum.
Claims (5)
1. transplant parasitic officinal dendrobium stem plantation method to old fruit tree for one kind, its step comprises seedling tissue cultivating, training tissue culture seedling, the parasitic old fruit growing of transplanting, described training tissue culture seedling comprises the selection of group training seedling bottle seedling, cultivates the preparation of seedling matrix, fertilising, field planting and field planting management, it is characterized in that the parasitic old fruit growing of described transplanting comprises the following steps:
(1) dendrobium candidum seedling is selected: select high 6-8cm healthy and strong, without the dendrobium candidum seedling of damage by disease and insect;
(2) parasitic old fruit tree and parasitic old fruit tree woods milpa are selected: select the place low-lying, moistening, air conditions is good, selection normal growth more than 10 years and epidermis have the old fruit tree of liver moss, and clear up foreign material and the damage by disease and insect of old fruit tree epidermis;
(3) transplanting method: by dendrobium candidum seedling replanting to fruit tree epidermis, it is moistening that tree skin keeps, and during transplanting, with liver moss, makes the solid root of base soil, and with rope, the wrapping of dendrobium candidum seedling is fixed on fruit tree epidermis, transplanting is apart from 20-30cm, and 2-3 strain is planted in every cave;
(4) cultivation management: when humidity is lower than spraying water in time below 70%, planting environment relative moisture is controlled in 75～90%.
2. a kind of parasitic officinal dendrobium stem plantation method to old fruit tree of transplanting as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the condition of described training tissue culture seedling is for being placed on group training seedling to transplant the hardening that carry out 5-10 days in place, in temperature, be 15-30 ℃, under the condition of humidity 70-80%, cultivate seedling 2-3 month.
3. a kind of parasitic officinal dendrobium stem plantation method to old fruit tree of transplanting as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cultivation seedling matrix is that the virus-free bark wood shavings without insect pest, peanut shell, wooden chaff are carried out disinfection and fermented, and fermentation time is more than one month.
4. a kind of parasitic officinal dendrobium stem plantation method to old fruit tree of transplanting as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: dendrobium candidum seedling replanting is selected at the 3-5 month, temperature is transplanted at 15-30 ℃.
5. a kind of parasitic officinal dendrobium stem plantation method to old fruit tree of transplanting as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the old fruit tree of described parasitism is one or more kind of combination in longan, pear tree, grapefruit or strawberry tree.
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| CN105766572A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-07-20 | 夏志刚 | Method for planting dendrobium on trees |
| CN106718731A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-31 | 东兰县大洞林下药材种植专业合作社 | A kind of hardening off method of dendrobium candidum |
| CN111328692A (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-06-26 | 安徽霍山麟鼎轩生物科技有限公司 | Natural wild-imitating planting method for dendrobium huoshanense |
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