CN102823401A - Tie-to-tree dendrobium officinale cultivation method - Google Patents
Tie-to-tree dendrobium officinale cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102823401A CN102823401A CN2012103020370A CN201210302037A CN102823401A CN 102823401 A CN102823401 A CN 102823401A CN 2012103020370 A CN2012103020370 A CN 2012103020370A CN 201210302037 A CN201210302037 A CN 201210302037A CN 102823401 A CN102823401 A CN 102823401A
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Abstract
The invention provides a tie-to-tree dendrobium officinale cultivation method, comprising the steps of seedling tissue-culture breeding, tissue-culture seedling acclimatization and tie-to-tree cultivation of acclimatized seedlings. The step of tissue-culture seedling acclimatization comprises selection of bottled tissue-culture seedlings, selection and arrangement of a seedling acclimatization medium, selection of seedling acclimatization fertilizer, planting and after-planting management and is characterized in that the seedling acclimatization medium consists of hardwood sawdust and broken stone mixed in a mass ratio of 6.5-7.5:2.5-3.5, and the seedling acclimatization fertilizer is organic fertilizer prepared by fermenting herbivorous animal waste. The step of tie-to-tree cultivation of acclimatized seedlings comprises selection of acclimatized seedlings, selection of cultivation forest land, selection of variety of trees to be tied, seedling tying up and planting management. The tie-to-tree dendrobium officinale cultivation method provided by the invention has the advantages of low planting cost, easiness in management, high survival rate and long harvesting period; moreover, the harvest products have high quality.
Description
Affiliated field
The present invention relates to field of plant growing technology, relate in particular to a kind of officinal dendrobium stem plantation method, belong to the orchid family stem of noble dendrobium class tissue cultivating and seedling technical field and pseudo-wild cultivating field.
Background technology
Dendrobium candidum has another name called ribbed hedyotis herb (Dendrobim officinale Kimura et Migo), belongs to Angiospermae, unifacial leaf guiding principle, little specific item, the orchid family, Dendrobium, is a kind of famous and precious traditional Chinese medicine, and its medical value is high, and health care is strong.Dendrobium candidum is wild naturally on tens meters high overhanging cliffs, and wild dendrobium candidum natural propagation ability is low, poor growth, and harsh to the growing environment conditional request.In the last few years, because people excavate the destructiveness of dendrobium candidum wild resource, made wild dendrobium candidum endangered.At present, country has classified dendrobium candidum as the rare and endangered species of one type of focused protection.
In recent years; China technical staff has carried out continuous exploration and test to the dendrobium candidum artificial cultivation technique, has obtained certain achievement, but because dendrobium candidum self-sow environment is special; Bring certain difficulty to artificial cultivation; Ubiquity dendrobium candidum transplanting survival rate is low, and product quality is undesirable, problems such as planting cost height.Notification number is CN1324946C; Open day is on April 27th, 2005; Denomination of invention discloses a kind of artificial large-area cultivation of dendrobium candidum for the Chinese invention patent application of " the artificial large-area cultivation of dendrobium candidum "; The refining seedling matrix that its refining seedling technology adopts is the mixture of wood shavings, perlite and soddy soil, and the base starting material that is adopted preparation is difficult for, and increases planting cost.In addition, generally take to use the method promotion dendrobium candidum growth of chemical fertilizer at present.For example; Notification number is CN102282998A; Open day is on December 21st, 2011; Denomination of invention discloses a kind of candidum tissue culturing seedling refining seedling domesticating method for the Chinese invention patent application of " candidum tissue culturing seedling refining seedling domesticating method ", and this method was applied fertilizer with fertile the replacing of balance to the high nitrogen fertilizer of the good seedling jede Woche of field planting with 1500 times between refining seedling stage.Notification number is CN101040597A; Open day is on 09 26th, 2007; Denomination of invention discloses a kind of method of dendrobium candidum tissue water cultivating for the Chinese invention patent application of " method of dendrobium candidum tissue water cultivating "; This method needs seedling is placed nutrient solution between refining seedling domestication, and its nutrient solution is disposed by a certain percentage by potassium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium chloride, manganese sulphate, ferrous sulfate and zinc sulphate and forms.Though use chemical fertilizer or nutrient solution shortens vegetative period to a certain extent, but be difficult to guarantee the quality of dendrobium candidum, and its cost be higher.
At present, aspect cultivation method, one of main method be booth plant, be about to dendrobium candidum and be planted in the booth that sets up on ground, though this cultivation method is easy to management, cause root system permeability difference to cause mashed root easily, and infrastructure expensive, cost is high.Another kind method is a vertical cultivation.Publication number is CN102422803A; Open day is on April 25th, 2012; Denomination of invention discloses a kind of officinal dendrobium stem plantation method for the Chinese invention patent application of " the three-dimensional original ecology cultivating method of a kind of dendrobium candidum forest "; The dendrobium candidum field planting in being covered with the cultivation tray of matrix, being hung in cultivation tray on the branch or cultivation tray is tied up plantation in the tree.Publication number is CN102356748A; Open day is on February 22nd, 2012; Denomination of invention discloses the method that the imitative wild extension seeds of a kind of dendrobium candidum are planted for the Chinese invention patent application of " method that the imitative wild extension seeds of a kind of dendrobium candidum are planted "; Be with the dendrobium candidum kind in the flowerpot of matrix is housed, hang on all the year round blue or green tree and plant.Though these methods have solved dendrobium candidum root system air permeability problem and insect pest problem, all need apply fertilizer or nutrient solution, kind planting management operation is many, and cost increases, and influences product quality to a certain extent.And directly cultivation tray is tied up in the tree, operation is difficulty relatively; Hang then difficult in the tree absorption tree nutrition, and require branch sturdy.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned technical problem, provide a kind of dendrobium candidum to tie up the tree cultivation method, this method used base starting material in its training tissue culture seedling is easy to get; Make simply, need not to fertilize, refining seedling cost is low; The training tissue culture seedling survival rate reaches more than 98%, and gained domestication shoot root system is flourishing, and stem is sturdy; Blade is thick and dark green, and is strong to adaptive capacity to environment; Dendrobium candidum provided by the invention is tied up the tree cultivation method, and planting cost is low, is easy to management, and survival rate is high, and picking time is long, and the product quality of results is high.
Dendrobium candidum provided by the invention is tied up the tree cultivation method; Its step comprises that seedling group training is bred, training tissue culture seedling, domestication seedling are tied up the tree cultivation; The step of said training tissue culture seedling is managed after comprising selection, field planting and the field planting of selection, refining seedling choice of base and lay, refining seed manure material of tissue cultivating seedling bottle seedling; It is characterized in that refining seedling matrix is that the hardwood wood chip and the rubble of 6.5 ~ 7.5:2.5 ~ 3.5 mixes by mass ratio; The organic manure that refining seed manure material makes for the herbivore manure fermentation, the domestication seedling is tied up the tree cultivation and is comprised the steps:
A. tame the selection of seedling: selecting height is the healthy and strong dendrobium candidum domestication seedling of 10 ~ 15cm, cleans the refining seedling matrix of root, and the sterilization root is subsequent use;
B. cultivate the selection in forest land: select summer high temperature not to be higher than 38 ℃, winter low temperature is not less than-3 ℃, and shade density is 40% ~ 60% forest land.
C. tie up the selection of tree seeds: select the age of tree more than 3 years, trunk is thick, washiness, tree crown is luxuriant, bark is loose and tree that the lobe ditch is arranged for tying up the tree seeds, trunk is carried out routine disinfection, and spills lime at the tree root place, sterilized 1 ~ 3 every year after trunk was tied up seedling.Seeds are set in selected specific tying up, and its root that helps the dendrobium candidum seedling is breathed freely and growth, and the dendrobium candidum seedling is easy to absorb moisture and nutrient, and can be by excessively irradiation or the excessive beating of wind and rain etc. of sunlight.
D. tie up seedling-growing method: the moss that will clean and sterilize is attached to the root of the domestication seedling of step a; The rope made of hemp or Cortex Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae with sterilizing are tied up the domestication seedling of step a on the trunk of step c; The rope made of hemp or Cortex Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae are tied up the root at the domestication seedling, and per 4 ~ 7 strains domestication seedling is one clump.
E. cultivation management: spray water less than 75% the time when planting environment humidity, spraying water reaches at 85% ~ 90% o'clock to planting environment humidity and gets final product, and water spray is aseptic neutral water.Injection flow rate of the present invention is controlled according to planting environment humidity, and injection flow rate is easy to control.
Said dendrobium candidum is tied up the tree cultivation method, and it ties up the combination that the tree seeds are selected from a kind of of the floating evergreen chinquapin of strawberry tree, grapefruit, pine tree, sieve, lotus wood, castanopsis caudata, leaflet evergreen chinquapin, blue or green evergreen chinquapin, firepower nanmu, lithocarpus glaber, Tsuga longibracteata or some kinds.
Said dendrobium candidum is tied up the tree cultivation method, and its said organic manure is the organic manure that sheep excrement or cattle manure make, and is made by following method fermentation:
A. sheep excrement or cow dung are stirred, with 90 ~ 120 ℃ vapour cookings 10 ~ 14 hours;
B. be transferred to after the boiling in the pond of building by laying bricks or stones of sterilizing, by the sheep excrement or the cow dung of per 1000 weight portions, add the EM biological bacteria of 4 ~ 6 weight portions and the molasses of 4 ~ 6 weight portions, resulting mixture stirs; The mixture water content is controlled at 30%-40%; Whole heap compacting, and cover sealing and fermenting with film promptly got and to refine the used organic manure of seedling in pile fermentation 20-30 days.
Further, described dendrobium candidum is tied up the tree cultivation method, and its said organic manure is executed in shoot root portion, and Effects of Fertilization Frequency is that every 4-7 applied fertilizer once in individual month, and a year fertilizing amount is a 100-200kg/ mu.
Said dendrobium candidum is tied up the tree cultivation method, and its refining seedling matrix preparation method is following:
With thick be that the rubble of 1.5cm ~ 3cm mixes and the resulting mixture that stirs according to the mass ratio of 6.5 ~ 7.5:2.5 ~ 3.5 for the hardwood wood chip of 0.3cm ~ 0.6cm and particle diameter; Water soaks the hardwood wood chip; With 100 ℃ ~ 120 ℃ vapour cooking mixtures 10 ~ 14 hours, it was subsequent use to sterilize afterwards.
Further, said dendrobium candidum is tied up the tree cultivation method, and its refining seedling matrix lay gross thickness is 9cm ~ 15cm, and soil humidity is 40% ~ 60%, and the used hardwood wood chip of refining seedling matrix is the camphorwood wood chip.
Said dendrobium candidum is tied up the tree cultivation method, and its training tissue culture seedling total time is 18 ~ 30 months, and refining seedling temperature is 12 ℃ ~ 28 ℃.
Said dendrobium candidum is tied up the tree cultivation method, and its field planting is that per 4 ~ 7 young plants are one clump, is spaced apart 7 ~ 12cm between every clump.
The cortical parenchyma of dendrobium candidum root system is the spongy tissue of forming with parts of fine cell wall, reticular fibre material; Therefore; The dendrobium candidum root system has good aeration performance and absorption, keeps the ability of moisture, and its root structure has just in time embodied the gas of dendrobium candidum root and given birth to requirement.Traditional officinal dendrobium stem plantation technology is directly to plant candidum tissue culturing seedling on the rubble; Only satisfied that plant is permeable, the requirement of gas permeability; But its moisture retention is very poor, and just the tender plant of bottle outlet directly is seeded on the hard rubble, is easy to cause root, stem, the leaf generation physical damnification of plant; Cause the tissue cultivating seedling survival rate low, plant strain growth is unhealthy and strong.Some refining seedling matrix that engender in the prior art can guarantee permeable, the gas permeability of plant root, possess moisture retention simultaneously again, but its refining seedling matrix constitutive material is many, and raw material is drawn materials difficult, increases cost, makes complicated; In addition, need to fertilize or nutrient solution that prescription is complicated.
Comparatively speaking; Dendrobium candidum provided by the invention is tied up tree cultivation method used refining seedling matrix when the refining seedling and only is made up of hardwood wood chip and rubble; Prepared matrix is not perishable; Thereby the root system that makes dendrobium candidum is difficult for touching soil property, and has the loose characteristics of breathing freely, can keep moisture and nutrient.This not only meets special habit of growth of dendrobium candidum and characteristics, and refining seedling base starting material is simple, draws materials conveniently, and is with low cost.
In addition, the organic manure that adopts during seedling in refining of the present invention adopts herbivore ight soil and EM biological bacteria and molasses mixed culture fermentation to make.The EM biological bacteria is the english abbreviation of CEM (effective microorganisms), is made up of multiple microorganisms such as photosynthetic bacteria, lactobacillus, yeast floras.After the fermentation of EM biological bacteria transformed, the EM biological bacteria can be decomposed harmful substances such as the hydrogen sulphide that possibly contain in the ight soil, nitrite on the one hand with herbivore ight soil such as cow dung, sheep excrement etc., can reduce harmful substances such as grass-seed in the ight soil, pathogen simultaneously; On the other hand; Though contain abundant organic matter and nutrient in the herbivore ight soil; But wherein also contain the difficult organic matters that utilized by dendrobium candidum such as a large amount of fibers, after the fermentation of EM biological bacteria, can decompose these organic matters, the nutritive value of fertilizer and result of use are further improved.After the fertilising; The EM biological bacteria can be a matrix with secretion, organic matter, pernicious gas (hydrogen sulphide etc.) and the carbonic acid gas of plant root, nitrogen etc.; Synthetic carbohydrate, amino acid, vitamins, nitrogen compound and physiological activator, but enhancement of plant is metabolic, promotes photosynthesis and strengthens the blade protection film; Improve the ability of dendrobium candidum opposing pathogen ability and absorption of nutrients matter, impel its well developed root system; The profitable strain matrix of can loosening simultaneously, improvement dendrobium candidum production environment.
Dendrobium candidum provided by the invention is tied up tree cultivation method refining seedling matrix and organic manure of adopting when the refining seedling and is mutually combined, and reduces refining seedling cost on the one hand, simplifies the operation of refining seedling; In refining seedling process, need not to add chemical fertilizer and nutrient solution on the other hand, the refining seedling survival rate of dendrobium candidum is reached more than 98%, obtain the domestication seedling strong adaptive capacity to environment.
Officinal dendrobium stem plantation method provided by the invention, the domestication shoot root system that (1) obtains in training tissue culture seedling is flourishing, and stem is sturdy, and blade is thick and dark green, and transplanting survival rate is high, and is strong to the growing environment adaptive faculty; (2) will tame seedling when being bonded to trunk with moss attached to root, not only can protect the dendrobium candidum root injury-free, also meet dendrobium candidum simultaneously and be good at climbing the length of growing nonparasitically upon another plant, and the growth characteristics of normal and bryophyte association with tree; (3) adopt reasonably management and control in the course of cultivation, such as choice of tree species and processing, the checking on etc. of planting conditions.The various aspects of this method combine, and the dendrobium candidum of formation is tied up the tree cultivation method, and the transplanting survival rate of dendrobium candidum domestication seedling is high in the course of cultivation; Reach more than 98%, be transplanted to after tree goes up, rationally water spray; Need not fertilising and agricultural chemicals, rely on the nutrition that absorbs trunk just can finely to grow, transplant and to gather in back 2 years; Reach picking time more than 10 years, and the bright article quality of the dendrobium candidum of results is high.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further specified.
Hardening off method provided by the invention can be implemented in common booth; Concrete as building the booth of wide 8m, high 4m; Cover the single thin film windproof and rain proof above the booth; Be provided with the sprayer unit that sets up with stainless steel waterpipe in the canopy, hydraulic pressure is controlled at 1000 ~ 1500 Pascals, and the droplet particle diameter of spraying is about 50 μ m.
Seedling group training mating system before the training tissue culture seedling adopts conventional method to get final product, and concrete also can depend on this seedling group training mating system but should not be construed as the present invention with reference to following method, and its purpose is just for obtaining to can be used for refining the dendrobium candidum seedling of seedling.As long as can obtain 3 ~ 8 roots, the seedling group of the dendrobium candidum seedling of height of seedling >=5cm training mating system all can adopt.
Seedling group training mating system that can reference is: the dendrobium candidum seed is carried out routine disinfection; Put in the medium of bananas juice+0.7% agar of 1/2MS minimal medium+NAA (a-methyl) 0.4mg/L+10%; Carry out seed germination and cultivate, 22 ℃ ~ 25 ℃ of cultivation temperature change the protocorm that forms in the medium of 1/2MS minimal medium+BA (6-benzyladenine) 0.2mg/L+10% bananas juice+0.7% agar over to; Carry out the protocorm enrichment culture; Again the seedling that bears is changed in the medium of 1/2MS minimal medium+NAA (a-methyl) 0.4mg/L+10% bananas juice+0.7% agar, carry out strengthening seedling and rooting and cultivate into middle seedling, about 2 months; Again middle seedling is transferred in the medium of 1/2MS minimal medium+NAA (a-methyl) 0.4mg/L+10% bananas juice+0.7% agar, carries out seedlings and cultivate, can turn out seedlings in about 2 months.
Embodiment 1
1. the selection of tissue cultivating seedling bottle seedling: select that 3 ~ 8 roots are arranged (annotate: 3-5 bar root is the high-quality seedling); Height of seedling is >=the dendrobium candidum seedling of 5cm; It is taken out from tissue culture bottle gently, and the medium that in clear water, will adhere to cleans up, and seedling is made thinner, dried in the shade; The root system of treating seedling turns white, and carries out getting final product field planting to refining in the seedling matrix behind the routine disinfection.
2. refine seedling choice of base and lay: at first seedling matrix is refined in preparation; The rubble of the camphorwood wood chip of thick 0.3cm and the particle diameter 1.5cm mass ratio according to 6.5:3.5 is mixed and the resulting mixture that stirs; And water soaks the camphorwood wood chip; With 100 ℃ of vapour cooking mixtures 14 hours, it was subsequent use to sterilize afterwards; It is thick to get the refining seedling matrix lay 9cm in refining seedling flowerpot for preparing and sterilized, and the spray suitable quantity of water makes soil humidity be controlled at 40% ~ 60%.
3. the selection of refining seed manure material: the organic manure that the fermented mixture of using sheep excrement, EM biological bacteria and molasses to form is processed, fertilizer is executed in shoot root portion, Effects of Fertilization Frequency be fertilising in per 4 months once, a year fertilizing amount is a 100kg/ mu.EM biological bacteria wherein is the EM bacterial classification available from Henan benefit natural resources bio tech ltd.The fermentation process of this organic manure is:
The sheep excrement with 90 ℃ vapour cooking 14 hours, is transferred in the pond of building by laying bricks or stones of sterilizing afterwards, in per 1000 weight portion sheep excrement, adds the EM biological bacteria of 4 weight portions and the molasses of 4 weight portions; Resulting mixture stirs; Add suitable quantity of water, make the water content of mixture be controlled at 30%-40%, the compacting of whole heap; And cover sealing and fermenting with film, promptly got in pile fermentation 20-30 days and to refine the used organic manure of seedling.
4. field planting: field planting is that per 4 young plants are one clump, is spaced apart 7cm between every clump, pushs mixed-matrix aside an alveole, and the coring of plant is put down gently in nest and covered, and exposes the base portion of plant.
5. manage after the field planting: the booth top covers the shade net of one deck shade density 50%, prevents the sunlight direct projection, and air humidity is controlled to be 70% ~ 80%, and refining seedling temperature is controlled at 12 ℃-28 ℃.
6. the domestication seedling is tied up the tree cultivation
A. tame the selection of seedling: wait to refine seedling after 18 months, selecting height is the healthy and strong dendrobium candidum domestication seedling of 10 ~ 15cm, cleans the refining seedling matrix of root, and the sterilization root is subsequent use;
B. cultivate the selection in forest land: select summer high temperature not to be higher than 38 ℃, winter low temperature is not less than-3 ℃, and shade density is 40% ~ 60% forest land.
C. tie up the selection of tree seeds: select the age of tree more than 3 years; Trunk is thick, washiness, tree crown is luxuriant, bark is loose and strawberry tree that the lobe ditch arranged for tying up the tree seeds; Trunk is carried out routine disinfection, and spill lime, be tied with annual the sterilization 1 ~ 3 time of trunk of dendrobium candidum seedling at the tree root place.
D. tie up seedling-growing method: the moss that will clean and sterilize is attached to the root of the domestication seedling of step a; With the rope made of hemp of sterilizing or Cortex Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae the domestication seedling of step a is tied up on the trunk of handling through step c; The rope made of hemp or Cortex Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae are tied up the root at the domestication seedling, and per 4 ~ 7 strains domestication seedling is one clump.
E. cultivation management: spray water less than 75% the time when planting environment humidity, spraying water reaches at 85% ~ 90% o'clock to planting environment humidity and gets final product, and water spray is aseptic neutral water.
7. gather: gather after 2 years in cultivation, gather spring, gather take old stay new, adopt and stay little principle greatly, can gather continuously 10 years.
Adopt the hardening off method of present embodiment, the refining shoot survival percent reaches more than 98%; Adopt the cultivation method transplanting survival rate of present embodiment to reach more than 98%.
Detection method according to 2010 editions Chinese Pharmacopoeias is carried out total water-soluble polysaccharide content detection to the bright article of dendrobium candidum that present embodiment obtains, and the result shows that its polyoses content (in DEXTROSE ANHYDROUS) reaches 35%.Put down in writing its total water-soluble polysaccharide content of dendrobium candidum of four kinds of planting type acquisitions among the Chinese patent CN102422803A and seen table 1 according to the testing result of the detection method of 2010 editions Chinese Pharmacopoeias.
Table 1
| Planting type | Polyoses content (in DEXTROSE ANHYDROUS) |
| Plant | 28.3% |
| Built on stilts planting | 28.0% |
| CN102422803A hangs and plants | 28.5% |
| CN102422803A ties up and plants | 30.1% |
This shows that its polyoses content of dendrobium candidum that adopts the present embodiment officinal dendrobium stem plantation method to obtain is higher, the dendrobium candidum quality of acquisition is better.
Embodiment 2
1. the selection of tissue cultivating seedling bottle seedling: with embodiment 1.
2. refine seedling choice of base and lay: at first seedling matrix is refined in preparation; The rubble of the camphorwood wood chip of thick 0.4cm and the particle diameter 2.5cm mass ratio according to 7:3 is mixed and the resulting mixture that stirs; And water soaks the camphorwood wood chip, and with 110 ℃ of vapour cooking mixtures 12 hours, it was subsequent use to sterilize afterwards; It is thick to get the refining seedling matrix lay 12cm in refining seedling flowerpot for preparing and sterilized, and the spray suitable quantity of water makes soil humidity be controlled at 40% ~ 60%.
3. the selection of refining seed manure material: the organic manure that the fermented mixture of using sheep excrement, EM biological bacteria and molasses to form is processed, fertilizer is executed in shoot root portion, Effects of Fertilization Frequency be fertilising in per 6 months once, a year fertilizing amount is a 150kg/ mu.Wherein, the EM biological bacteria is the EM-1 stoste available from Guangzhou Science and Technology Ltd. of peaceful nation.The fermentation process of this organic manure is:
The sheep excrement with 120 ℃ vapour cooking 10 hours, is transferred in the pond of building by laying bricks or stones of sterilizing afterwards, in per 1000 weight portion sheep excrement, adds the EM biological bacteria of 6 weight portions and the molasses of 6 weight portions; Resulting mixture stirs; Add suitable quantity of water, make the water content of mixture be controlled at 30%-40%, the compacting of whole heap; And cover sealing and fermenting with film, promptly got in pile fermentation 20-30 days and to refine the used organic manure of seedling.
4. field planting: field planting is that per 5 young plants are one clump, is spaced apart 10cm between every clump, pushs mixed-matrix aside an alveole, and the coring of plant is put down gently in nest and covered, and exposes the base portion of plant.
5. manage after the field planting: the booth top covers the shade net of one deck shade density 50%, prevents the sunlight direct projection, and air humidity is controlled to be 70% ~ 80%, and refining seedling temperature is controlled at 12 ℃-28 ℃.
6. the domestication seedling is tied up the tree cultivation
A. tame the selection of seedling: wait to refine seedling after 24 months, selecting height is the healthy and strong dendrobium candidum domestication seedling of 10 ~ 15cm, cleans the refining seedling matrix of root, and the sterilization root is subsequent use;
B. the selection of planting environment: select summer high temperature not to be higher than 38 ℃, winter low temperature is not less than-3 degrees centigrade, and shade density is 40% ~ 60% forest land.
C. tie up the selection of tree seeds: select the age of tree more than 3 years; Trunk is thick, washiness, tree crown is luxuriant, bark is loose and strawberry tree that the lobe ditch arranged for tying up the tree seeds; Trunk is carried out routine disinfection, and spill lime, be tied with annual the sterilization 2 times of trunk of dendrobium candidum seedling at the tree root place.
D. tie up seedling-growing method: the moss that will clean and sterilize is attached to the root of the domestication seedling of step a; With the rope made of hemp of sterilizing or Cortex Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae the domestication seedling of step a is tied up on the trunk of handling through step c; The rope made of hemp or Cortex Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae are tied up the root at the domestication seedling, and per 4 ~ 7 strains domestication seedling is one clump.
E. cultivation management: spray water less than 75% the time when planting environment humidity, spraying water reaches at 85% ~ 90% o'clock to planting environment humidity and gets final product, and water spray is aseptic neutral water.
7. gather: with embodiment 1.
Adopt the hardening off method of present embodiment, the refining shoot survival percent reaches more than 98%; Adopt the cultivation method transplanting survival rate of present embodiment to reach more than 98%.The bright article of the dendrobium candidum that obtains carry out total water-soluble polysaccharide content detection, and the result shows that its polyoses content (in DEXTROSE ANHYDROUS) reaches 34%.(detection method according to 2010 editions Chinese Pharmacopoeias detects)
Embodiment 3
1. the selection of tissue cultivating seedling bottle seedling: with embodiment 1.
2. refine seedling choice of base and lay: at first seedling matrix is refined in preparation; The rubble of the camphorwood wood chip of thick 0.6cm and the particle diameter 3cm mass ratio according to 7.5:2.5 is mixed and the resulting mixture that stirs; And water soaks the camphorwood wood chip; With 120 ℃ of vapour cooking mixtures 10 hours, it was subsequent use to sterilize afterwards; It is thick to get the refining seedling matrix lay 15cm in refining seedling flowerpot for preparing and sterilized, and the spray suitable quantity of water makes soil humidity be controlled at 40% ~ 60%.
3. the selection of refining seed manure material: the organic manure that the fermented mixture of using sheep excrement, EM biological bacteria and molasses to form is processed, fertilizer is executed in shoot root portion, Effects of Fertilization Frequency be fertilising in per 6 months once, a year fertilizing amount is a 150kg/ mu.EM biological bacteria wherein is available from the ecological probio stoste of the EM of the Huinong of BeiJing ZhongKe technical service center (plantation is special-purpose), effectively bacterial content>=2 * 10
9CFU/mL.The fermentation process of this organic manure is:
The sheep excrement with 110 ℃ vapour cooking 12 hours, is transferred in the pond of building by laying bricks or stones of sterilizing afterwards, in per 1000 weight portion sheep excrement, adds the EM biological bacteria of 5 weight portions and the molasses of 5 weight portions; Resulting mixture stirs; Add suitable quantity of water, make the water content of mixture be controlled at 30%-40%, the compacting of whole heap; And cover sealing and fermenting with film, promptly got in pile fermentation 20-30 days and to refine the used organic manure of seedling.
4. field planting: field planting is that per 7 young plants are one clump, is spaced apart 12cm between every clump, pushs mixed-matrix aside an alveole, and the coring of plant is put down gently in nest and covered, and exposes the base portion of plant.
5. manage after the field planting: the booth top covers the shade net of one deck shade density 50%, prevents the sunlight direct projection, and air humidity is controlled to be 70% ~ 80%, and refining seedling temperature is controlled at 12 ℃-28 ℃.
6. the domestication seedling is tied up the tree cultivation
A. tame the selection of seedling: wait to refine seedling after 30 months, selecting height is the healthy and strong dendrobium candidum domestication seedling of 10 ~ 15cm, cleans the refining seedling matrix of root, and the sterilization root is subsequent use;
B. the selection of planting environment: select summer high temperature not to be higher than 38 ℃, winter low temperature is not less than-3 degrees centigrade, and shade density is 40% ~ 60% forest land.
C. tie up the selection of tree seeds: select the age of tree more than 3 years; Trunk is thick, washiness, tree crown is luxuriant, bark is loose and strawberry tree that the lobe ditch arranged for tying up the tree seeds; Trunk is carried out routine disinfection, and spill lime, be tied with annual the sterilization 3 times of trunk of dendrobium candidum seedling at the tree root place.
D. tie up seedling-growing method: the moss that will clean and sterilize is attached to the root of the domestication seedling of step a; With the rope made of hemp of sterilizing or Cortex Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae the domestication seedling of step a is tied up on the trunk of handling through step c; The rope made of hemp or Cortex Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae are tied up the root at the domestication seedling, and per 4 ~ 7 strains domestication seedling is one clump.
E. cultivation management: spray water less than 75% the time when planting environment humidity, spraying water reaches at 85% ~ 90% o'clock to planting environment humidity and gets final product, and water spray is aseptic neutral water.
7. gather: with embodiment 1.
Adopt the hardening off method of present embodiment, the refining shoot survival percent reaches more than 98%; Adopt the cultivation method transplanting survival rate of present embodiment to reach more than 98%.The bright article of the dendrobium candidum that obtains carry out total water-soluble polysaccharide content detection, and the result shows that its polyoses content (in DEXTROSE ANHYDROUS) reaches 34%.(detection method according to 2010 editions Chinese Pharmacopoeias detects)
Embodiment 4
Basic identical with embodiment 1, difference is to substitute the sheep excrement with cow dung.
Embodiment 5
Basic identical with embodiment 2, difference is to substitute the sheep excrement with cow dung.
Embodiment 6
Basic identical with embodiment 3, difference is to substitute the sheep excrement with cow dung.
Embodiment 7
Basic identical with embodiment 1; Difference is usedly to tie up the tree seeds and be selected from a kind of of the floating evergreen chinquapin of grapefruit, pine tree, sieve, lotus wood, castanopsis caudata, leaflet evergreen chinquapin, blue or green evergreen chinquapin, firepower nanmu, lithocarpus glaber, Tsuga longibracteata; Its age of tree of selected tree is more than 3 years, and trunk is thick, washiness, tree crown is luxuriant, bark is loose and the lobe ditch is arranged.
Embodiment 8
Basic identical with embodiment 2; Difference is the used any two kinds combination that the tree seeds are selected from grapefruit, pine tree, the floating evergreen chinquapin of sieve, lotus wood, castanopsis caudata, leaflet evergreen chinquapin, blue or green evergreen chinquapin, firepower nanmu, lithocarpus glaber, Tsuga longibracteata or strawberry tree of tying up; Its age of tree of selected tree is more than 3 years, and trunk is thick, washiness, tree crown is luxuriant, bark is loose and the lobe ditch is arranged.
Embodiment 9
Basic identical with embodiment 3; Difference is the used any two or more combination that the tree seeds are selected from grapefruit, pine tree, the floating evergreen chinquapin of sieve, lotus wood, castanopsis caudata, leaflet evergreen chinquapin, blue or green evergreen chinquapin, firepower nanmu, lithocarpus glaber, Tsuga longibracteata or strawberry tree of tying up; Its age of tree of selected tree is more than 3 years, and trunk is thick, washiness, tree crown is luxuriant, bark is loose and the lobe ditch is arranged.
Embodiment 10
Basic identical with embodiment 1; Difference is to substitute the sheep excrement with cow dung; Usedly tie up the tree seeds and be selected from any one of the floating evergreen chinquapin of grapefruit, pine tree, sieve, lotus wood, castanopsis caudata, leaflet evergreen chinquapin, blue or green evergreen chinquapin, firepower nanmu, lithocarpus glaber, Tsuga longibracteata or strawberry tree; Its age of tree of selected tree is more than 3 years, and trunk is thick, washiness, tree crown is luxuriant, bark is loose and the lobe ditch is arranged.
Embodiment 11
Basic identical with embodiment 2; Difference is to substitute the sheep excrement with cow dung; Used tying up set any two kinds combination that seeds are selected from grapefruit, pine tree, the floating evergreen chinquapin of sieve, lotus wood, castanopsis caudata, leaflet evergreen chinquapin, blue or green evergreen chinquapin, firepower nanmu, lithocarpus glaber, Tsuga longibracteata or strawberry tree; Its age of tree of selected tree is more than 3 years, and trunk is thick, washiness, tree crown is luxuriant, bark is loose and the lobe ditch is arranged.
Embodiment 12
Basic identical with embodiment 3; Difference is to substitute the sheep excrement with cow dung; Used tying up set any two or more combination that seeds are selected from grapefruit, pine tree, the floating evergreen chinquapin of sieve, lotus wood, castanopsis caudata, leaflet evergreen chinquapin, blue or green evergreen chinquapin, firepower nanmu, lithocarpus glaber, Tsuga longibracteata or strawberry tree; Its age of tree of selected tree is more than 3 years, and trunk is thick, washiness, tree crown is luxuriant, bark is loose and the lobe ditch is arranged.
The above; It only is preferred embodiment of the present invention; Be not that the present invention is done any pro forma restriction; So all contents that does not break away from technical scheme of the present invention, all still belong in the scope of technical scheme of the present invention any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification that above embodiment did according to technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a dendrobium candidum is tied up the tree cultivation method; Its step comprises that seedling group training is bred, training tissue culture seedling, domestication seedling are tied up the tree cultivation; The step of said training tissue culture seedling is managed after comprising selection, field planting and the field planting of selection, refining seedling choice of base and lay, refining seed manure material of tissue cultivating seedling bottle seedling; It is characterized in that refining seedling matrix is that the hardwood wood chip and the rubble of 6.5 ~ 7.5:2.5 ~ 3.5 mixes by mass ratio; The organic manure that refining seed manure material makes for the herbivore manure fermentation, the domestication seedling is tied up the tree cultivation and is comprised the steps:
A. tame the selection of seedling: selecting height is the healthy and strong dendrobium candidum domestication seedling of 10 ~ 15cm, cleans the refining seedling matrix of root, and the sterilization root is subsequent use;
B. cultivate the selection in forest land: select summer high temperature not to be higher than 38 ℃, winter low temperature is not less than-3 ℃, and shade density is 40% ~ 60% forest land.
C. tie up the selection of tree seeds: select the age of tree more than 3 years, trunk is thick, washiness, tree crown is luxuriant, bark is loose and tree that the lobe ditch is arranged for tying up the tree seeds, trunk is carried out routine disinfection, and spills lime at the tree root place, sterilized 1 ~ 3 every year after trunk was tied up seedling.
D. tie up seedling-growing method: the moss that will clean and sterilize is attached to the root of the domestication seedling of step a; The rope made of hemp or Cortex Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae with sterilizing are tied up the domestication seedling of step a on the trunk of step c; The rope made of hemp or Cortex Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae are tied up the root at the domestication seedling, and per 4 ~ 7 strains domestication seedling is one clump.
E. cultivation management: spray water less than 75% the time when planting environment humidity, spraying water reaches at 85% ~ 90% o'clock to planting environment humidity and gets final product, and water spray is aseptic neutral water.
2. dendrobium candidum according to claim 1 is tied up the tree cultivation method, it is characterized in that the said combination that the tree seeds are selected from a kind of of the floating evergreen chinquapin of strawberry tree, grapefruit, pine tree, sieve, lotus wood, castanopsis caudata, leaflet evergreen chinquapin, blue or green evergreen chinquapin, firepower nanmu, lithocarpus glaber, Tsuga longibracteata or some kinds of tying up.
3. dendrobium candidum according to claim 1 is tied up the tree cultivation method, it is characterized in that said organic manure is the organic manure that sheep excrement or cattle manure make, and is made by following method fermentation:
A. sheep excrement or cow dung are stirred, with 90 ~ 120 ℃ vapour cookings 10 ~ 14 hours;
B. be transferred to after the boiling in the pond of building by laying bricks or stones of sterilizing, by the sheep excrement or the cow dung of per 1000 weight portions, add the EM biological bacteria of 4 ~ 6 weight portions and the molasses of 4 ~ 6 weight portions, resulting mixture stirs; The mixture water content is controlled at 30%-40%; Whole heap compacting, and cover sealing and fermenting with film promptly got and to refine the used organic manure of seedling in pile fermentation 20-30 days.
4. tie up the tree cultivation method according to claim 1 or 3 described dendrobium candidums, it is characterized in that said organic manure executes in shoot root portion, Effects of Fertilization Frequency be fertilising in every 4-7 month once, a year fertilizing amount is a 100-200kg/ mu.
5. dendrobium candidum according to claim 1 is tied up the tree cultivation method, it is characterized in that described refining seedling matrix preparation method is following:
With thick be that the rubble of 1.5cm ~ 3cm mixes and the resulting mixture that stirs according to the mass ratio of 6.5 ~ 7.5:2.5 ~ 3.5 for the hardwood wood chip of 0.3cm ~ 0.6cm and particle diameter; Water soaks the hardwood wood chip; With 100 ℃ ~ 120 ℃ vapour cooking mixtures 10 ~ 14 hours, it was subsequent use to sterilize afterwards.
6. tie up the tree cultivation method according to claim 1 or 5 described dendrobium candidums, it is characterized in that said refining seedling matrix lay gross thickness is 9cm ~ 15cm, soil humidity is 40% ~ 60%, and the used hardwood wood chip of refining seedling matrix is the camphorwood wood chip.
7. dendrobium candidum according to claim 1 is tied up the tree cultivation method, it is characterized in that its total time of said training tissue culture seedling is 18 ~ 30 months, and refining seedling temperature is 12 ℃ ~ 28 ℃.
8. dendrobium candidum according to claim 1 is tied up the tree cultivation method, it is characterized in that said field planting is that per 4 ~ 7 young plants are one clump, is spaced apart 7 ~ 12cm between every clump.
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