CN113099972B - Quasi-border cultivation method for pholidota chinensis - Google Patents
Quasi-border cultivation method for pholidota chinensis Download PDFInfo
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- CN113099972B CN113099972B CN202110529429.XA CN202110529429A CN113099972B CN 113099972 B CN113099972 B CN 113099972B CN 202110529429 A CN202110529429 A CN 202110529429A CN 113099972 B CN113099972 B CN 113099972B
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- 241001048892 Pholidota chinensis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000283966 Pholidota <mammal> Species 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 241000723346 Cinnamomum camphora Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 241001070941 Castanea Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000014036 Castanea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 241001113556 Elodea Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- -1 rainwater Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 206010019233 Headaches Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 231100000869 headache Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 241000411851 herbal medicine Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000007333 Brain Concussion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000233855 Orchidaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000758706 Piperaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000004880 Polyuria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001153 anti-wrinkle effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035619 diuresis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000002173 dizziness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
Abstract
The invention relates to a pholidota chinensis simulated border cultivation method, which comprises the following steps of: (1) seedling raising, (2) cultivation field selection, (3) planting, (4) cultivation management and (5) harvesting; according to the invention, natural forest resources are fully utilized, and the planting of the pholidota chinensis is realized by simulating the ecological environment of the pholidota chinensis, so that the survival rate and the yield of the pholidota chinensis can be improved. In addition, the rainwater collecting device is used for placing organic fertilizer, the characteristic that the organic fertilizer slowly releases nutrients is fully utilized, so that rainwater in the rainwater collecting device carries nutrients to flow to the root of the cultivated pholidota chinensis, the yield of the pholidota chinensis is improved, natural materials such as rainwater, organic fertilizer and the like can be fully utilized, rainwater collection, organic fertilizer placement and fertilizer and water irrigation are integrated, and the production manual investment is reduced. The method for cultivating the pholidota chinensis in the quasi-border manner can improve the survival rate of the pholidota chinensis by more than 94%, and the average annual single plant yield fresh weight is more than 7g.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pholidota cultivation method, in particular to a pholidota quasi-border cultivation method, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation.
Background
The Chinese Pholidota herb (Pholidota chinensis Lindl.) commonly called Dan Ganlan is perennial herb of the genus Pholidota of the family Orchidaceae, the plant height of 15-25 cm, consisting of root-like stems, pseudobulbs, leaves, flower-like peppers and total cotton, commonly grown in 100-2700M forests or on forest margin trees, rock walls or rocks, and mainly distributed in Guangdong, guangxi, fujian and other provinces (Fujian plant Zhi [ M ]. Fuzhou: fujian science and technology publishing society, 1994, sixth volume: 636; chinese plant Zhi editing Committee of the national academy of sciences, chinese plant Zhi [ M ]. Beijing: science publishing society, 1999, 18:394)
The Chinese pholidota herb has a long history as a Chinese herbal medicine, and is originally carried in the preparation of raw grass medicine. The Chinese herbal medicine is taken as a medicine with whole herb or pseudobulb, has sweet and cool nature, has the effects of nourishing yin, clearing heat, promoting diuresis and removing blood stasis, and is commonly used for treating hypertension, dizziness and headache caused by various reasons (Weng Shuiwang. The research of the Chinese pholidota herb is progressed [ J ]. Chinese modern traditional medicine, 2006,8 (6): 35). The ' headache-relieving syrup ' prepared by the preparation is clinically used for treating nervous functional headache and cerebral concussion sequelae, has been applied for many years, and has good treatment effect (the pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China, chinese patent preparation (ninth album), beijing: beijing chemical industry Press, 1994:67). In recent years, new uses of the pholidota herb are gradually developed, such as being used as food auxiliary materials (a pholidota herb food auxiliary material and a preparation method thereof [ A ], application number: CN201911127776.9 ], cosmetics (a compound capable of increasing skin anti-wrinkle function and application number: CN20201013340. X ], feed additives (a rabbit feed [ A ], application number: CN 201811400194.9) and the like, and the demand of the pholidota herb is increased. However, the Chinese pholidota herb has strict requirements on the environment, slow growth and weak self-renewal capacity, so that wild resources of the Chinese pholidota herb are drastically reduced, and artificial cultivation is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating the pholidota chinensis in a simulated environment, which can fully utilize natural forest resources, simulate the ecological environment of the pholidota chinensis and improve the survival rate and the yield of the pholidota chinensis.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a pholidota chinensis simulated border cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling raising, (2) cultivation field selection, (3) planting, (4) cultivation management and (5) harvesting;
when planting, fixing a plurality of groups of the seedling groups of the pholidota chinensis after the seedling cultivation in the step (1) on the trunk at intervals from bottom to top along the extending direction of the trunk, wherein each group of seedling groups of the pholidota chinensis after the seedling cultivation in the step (1) comprises a plurality of seedling groups of the pholidota chinensis which are sequentially arranged at intervals along the peripheral direction of the same part of the trunk, and the trunk is a trunk with rough bark;
and when the seedling is fixed, waterweed is placed at the root of each pholidota chinensis seedling, and one end with a terminal bud faces the upper part of the trunk and is stuck in a gap of the bark.
Further, the seedling raising in the step (1) is to cultivate the tissue culture seedling of the pholidota chinensis in a matrix for more than one year, and select single plant seedlings with more than 3 pseudobulbs or separated plant seedlings with more than 2 pseudobulbs as small seedling of the pholidota chinensis for planting in the step (3);
when the cultivation site is selected in the step (2), the trunks of the miscellaneous woods except the fir woods, which are positioned within 200 m of the periphery of the brook, are selected as the cultivation trunks of the pholidota herb seedlings, the illumination intensity of the cultivation site is 40-70%, the perennial air humidity is above 60%, and the temperature is above 5 ℃.
Further, the tree is chestnut, pine or camphor tree.
Further, when planting in the step (3), the distance between two adjacent groups of the pholidota herb seedlings is 15-20 cm, and the distance between two adjacent groups of pholidota herb seedlings in each group of pholidota herb seedlings along the peripheral direction of the trunk is 5-8 cm.
Further, in the planting in the step (3), a rainwater collecting device is arranged above a group of pholidota chinensis seedling groups at the top of each trunk; the rainwater collecting device comprises an outer shell and a supporting frame, wherein the supporting frame is used for fixedly installing the outer shell on a trunk, the outer shell is in a horn shape with a big upper part and a small lower part, the top opening is open, and the bottom is tightly attached to and fixed on the periphery of the trunk.
Further, the upper supporting frame comprises an inner fixing ring fixed on the trunk, an outer fixing ring concentrically arranged on the periphery of the inner fixing ring, and a plurality of connecting rods connected between the inner fixing ring and the outer fixing ring, wherein the outer shell is composed of a piece of rain cloth used for collecting rain water, the upper end of the rain cloth is wound on the outer fixing ring and is gradually reduced in caliber in the process of extending downwards from the connecting part, and the lower end of the rain cloth is fastened and fixed on the trunk or is fastened on the trunk through the lower fixing ring.
Further, the distance between the group of the pholidota chinensis seedling group at the top end and the bottom of the rainwater collecting device is 20-30cm, and the height of the rainwater collecting device is 20-30cm.
Further, the cultivation management in the step (4) includes: and (3) placing 0.2-0.4kg of unfermented sheep manure particles in each rainwater collecting device 2-3 months each year.
Further, the cultivation management in the step (4) further includes: when drought is encountered, water is irrigated into the rainwater collector every 10-15 days, and the outside of the bark is stopped after the outside of the bark reaches a wet state by each irrigation.
Further, the specific harvesting steps in the step (5) are as follows: and (3) starting 3 years after planting in the step (3), cutting off and harvesting the pseudobulb and leaf at the tail of each plant of the pholidota chinensis, wherein only 1-2 pseudobulbs are left in each plant of the pholidota chinensis.
And (3) fixing the pholidota herb seedlings on the trunk by ropes or nails during planting. The rain cloth can be plastic cloth or non-woven cloth. When the unfermented sheep manure particles are placed in the rainwater collecting device, the sheep manure particles are placed into the bottom end of the inner cavity of the rainwater collecting device, and the gaps between the rainwater collecting device and the bark are filled with the sheep manure particles.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, natural forest resources are fully utilized, and the planting of the pholidota chinensis is realized by simulating the ecological environment of the pholidota chinensis, so that the survival rate and the yield of the pholidota chinensis can be improved. In addition, the rainwater collecting device is used for placing organic fertilizer, the characteristic that the organic fertilizer slowly releases nutrients is fully utilized, so that rainwater in the rainwater collecting device carries nutrients to flow to the root of the cultivated pholidota chinensis, the yield of the pholidota chinensis is improved, natural materials such as rainwater, organic fertilizer and the like can be fully utilized, rainwater collection, organic fertilizer placement and fertilizer and water irrigation are integrated, and the production manual investment is reduced. The method for cultivating the pholidota chinensis in the quasi-border manner can improve the survival rate of the pholidota chinensis by more than 94%, and the average annual single plant yield fresh weight is more than 7g.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an upper support frame of the rainwater collecting apparatus.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated in the following in connection with the detailed description: it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the following embodiments, but is intended to cover any modifications or alternatives according to the principles of the invention.
Example 1
A pholidota chinensis simulated border cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling raising, (2) cultivation field selection, (3) planting, (4) cultivation management and (5) harvesting;
when planting, fixing a plurality of groups of the seedling groups of the pholidota chinensis after the seedling cultivation in the step (1) on the trunk at intervals from bottom to top along the extending direction of the trunk, wherein each group of seedling groups of the pholidota chinensis after the seedling cultivation in the step (1) comprises a plurality of seedling groups of the pholidota chinensis which are sequentially arranged at intervals along the peripheral direction of the same part of the trunk, and the trunk is a trunk with rough bark;
and when the seedling is fixed, waterweed is placed at the root of each pholidota chinensis seedling, and one end with a terminal bud faces the upper part of the trunk and is stuck in a gap of the bark.
Culturing the seedling in the step (1) by culturing the tissue culture seedling of the pholidota chinensis in a matrix for more than one year, and selecting single plant seedlings with more than 3 pseudobulbs or separated plant seedlings with more than 2 pseudobulbs as small seedling of the pholidota chinensis for planting in the step (3);
specifically, the cultivation site in the embodiment (2) is selected from pine, chestnut and camphor tree located within 200 meters around the brook, the illumination intensity of the cultivation site is 40% -70%, the perennial air humidity is above 60%, and the extremely low temperature is above 5 ℃.
The tree is chestnut, pine or camphor tree.
And (3) when planting, the distance between two adjacent groups of the pholidota chinensis seedlings is 15 cm, and the distance between two adjacent groups of pholidota chinensis seedlings in each group of pholidota chinensis seedlings along the peripheral direction of the trunk is 5cm.
In the planting process of the step (3), a rainwater collecting device 1 is arranged above a group of pholidota chinensis seedling groups at the top of each trunk; the rainwater collecting device 1 comprises an outer shell 1-2 and a supporting frame 1-1 for fixedly mounting the outer shell 1-2 on a trunk, wherein the outer shell 1-2 is in a horn shape with a big upper part and a small lower part, the top of the outer shell is open, and the bottom of the outer shell is tightly attached to and fixed on the periphery of the trunk.
The upper support frame 1-1 comprises an inner fixing ring 1-1-1 used for being fixed on a trunk, an outer fixing ring 1-1-3 concentrically arranged on the outer periphery of the inner fixing ring 1-1-1 and a plurality of connecting rods 1-1-2 connected between the inner fixing ring 1-1 and the outer fixing ring 1-1-3, wherein the outer shell 1-2 is composed of a piece of rain cloth used for collecting rain water, the upper end of the piece of rain cloth 1-2 is wound on the outer fixing ring 1-1-2, the caliber of the rain cloth is gradually reduced in the process of extending downwards from a connecting position, and the lower end of the piece of rain cloth 1-2 is fastened and fixed on the trunk or is fastened on the trunk through the lower fixing ring 1-3.
The distance between the top group of small pholidota herb seedlings and the bottom of the rainwater collecting device 1 is 20cm, and the height of the rainwater collecting device 1 is 20cm.
The cultivation management in the step (4) comprises the following steps: at 2 months per year, 0.2kg of unfermented sheep manure particles was placed in each rainwater collecting apparatus 1.
The cultivation management in the step (4) further comprises: when drought is encountered, water is irrigated into the rainwater collector every 10 days, and the outside of the bark is stopped after the outside of the bark reaches a wet state by each irrigation.
Further, the specific harvesting steps in the step (5) are as follows: and (3) starting 3 years after planting in the step (3), shearing off and harvesting the pseudobulb and leaf at the tail of each plant of the pholidota chinensis, wherein only 1 pseudobulb is left in each plant of the pholidota chinensis.
And (3) fixing the pholidota herb seedlings on the trunk by ropes or nails during planting. The rain cloth can be plastic cloth or non-woven cloth. When the unfermented sheep manure particles are placed in the rainwater collecting device, the sheep manure particles are placed into the bottom end of the inner cavity of the rainwater collecting device, and the gaps between the rainwater collecting device and the bark are filled with the sheep manure particles.
The test result shows that the survival rate of the pine tree is 94%, the survival rate of the camphor tree is 96%, and the survival rate of the chestnut tree is 96%. The water is supplemented once in about 10 days in drought season, otherwise, the phosphorus stem becomes soft or even shrink due to water shortage in sunny weather, and the average yield of the single plant year by year after 3 years is 7.2g.
Example 2
A pholidota chinensis simulated border cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling raising, (2) cultivation field selection, (3) planting, (4) cultivation management and (5) harvesting;
when planting, fixing a plurality of groups of the seedling groups of the pholidota chinensis after the seedling cultivation in the step (1) on the trunk at intervals from bottom to top along the extending direction of the trunk, wherein each group of seedling groups of the pholidota chinensis after the seedling cultivation in the step (1) comprises a plurality of seedling groups of the pholidota chinensis which are sequentially arranged at intervals along the peripheral direction of the same part of the trunk, and the trunk is a trunk with rough bark;
and when the seedling is fixed, waterweed is placed at the root of each pholidota chinensis seedling, and one end with a terminal bud faces the upper part of the trunk and is stuck in a gap of the bark.
Culturing the seedling in the step (1) by culturing the tissue culture seedling of the pholidota chinensis in a matrix for more than one year, and selecting single plant seedlings with more than 3 pseudobulbs or separated plant seedlings with more than 2 pseudobulbs as small seedling of the pholidota chinensis for planting in the step (3);
in the embodiment (2), the cultivation site is selected from pine tree and camphor tree within 50 m around the brook, the illumination intensity of the cultivation site in the open air is 40% -70%, the perennial air humidity is above 70%, and the extremely low temperature is above 5 ℃.
The tree is chestnut, pine or camphor tree.
And (3) when planting, the distance between two adjacent groups of the pholidota herb seedlings is 20cm, and the distance between two adjacent groups of pholidota herb seedlings in each group of pholidota herb seedlings along the peripheral direction of the trunk is 8 cm.
In the planting process of the step (3), a rainwater collecting device 1 is arranged above a group of pholidota chinensis seedling groups at the top of each trunk; the rainwater collecting device 1 comprises an outer shell 1-2 and a supporting frame 1-1 for fixedly mounting the outer shell 1-2 on a trunk, wherein the outer shell 1-2 is in a horn shape with a big upper part and a small lower part, the top of the outer shell is open, and the bottom of the outer shell is tightly attached to and fixed on the periphery of the trunk.
The upper support frame 1-1 comprises an inner fixing ring 1-1-1 used for being fixed on a trunk, an outer fixing ring 1-1-3 concentrically arranged on the outer periphery of the inner fixing ring 1-1-1 and a plurality of connecting rods 1-1-2 connected between the inner fixing ring 1-1 and the outer fixing ring 1-1-3, wherein the outer shell 1-2 is composed of a piece of rain cloth used for collecting rain water, the upper end of the piece of rain cloth 1-2 is wound on the outer fixing ring 1-1-2, the caliber of the rain cloth is gradually reduced in the process of extending downwards from a connecting position, and the lower end of the piece of rain cloth 1-2 is fastened and fixed on the trunk or is fastened on the trunk through the lower fixing ring 1-3.
The distance between the group of the pholidota herb seedlings at the top end and the bottom of the rainwater collecting device 1 is 30cm, and the height of the rainwater collecting device 1 is 30cm.
The cultivation management in the step (4) comprises the following steps: at 3 months per year, 0.4kg of unfermented sheep manure particles was placed in each rainwater collecting apparatus 1.
The cultivation management in the step (4) further comprises: when drought is encountered, water is irrigated into the rainwater collector every 15 days, and the outer side of the bark is stopped after the outer side of the bark reaches a wet state by each irrigation.
The specific harvesting steps in the step (5) are as follows: and (3) starting 3 years after planting in the step (3), shearing off and harvesting the pseudobulb and leaf at the tail of each plant of the pholidota chinensis, wherein only 2 pseudobulbs are left in each plant of the pholidota chinensis.
And (3) fixing the pholidota herb seedlings on the trunk by ropes or nails during planting. The rain cloth can be plastic cloth or non-woven cloth. When the unfermented sheep manure particles are placed in the rainwater collecting device, the sheep manure particles are placed into the bottom end of the inner cavity of the rainwater collecting device, and the gaps between the rainwater collecting device and the bark are filled with the sheep manure particles.
The test result shows that the survival rate of the pine tree is 96% and the survival rate of the camphor tree is 98%. The water should be supplemented once within 15 days in arid season, and the watering period can be prolonged properly when the water is in rainy season, the water is in stream, and the air humidity is high. In contrast, when drought and sunny weather are met, the phosphorus-like stems become soft and even shrink due to water shortage, so that the watering period needs to be shortened, and the average yield of single plants year by year after 3 years is 8.6g.
Example 3
A pholidota chinensis simulated border cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling raising, (2) cultivation field selection, (3) planting, (4) cultivation management and (5) harvesting;
when planting, fixing a plurality of groups of the seedling groups of the pholidota chinensis after the seedling cultivation in the step (1) on the trunk at intervals from bottom to top along the extending direction of the trunk, wherein each group of seedling groups of the pholidota chinensis after the seedling cultivation in the step (1) comprises a plurality of seedling groups of the pholidota chinensis which are sequentially arranged at intervals along the peripheral direction of the same part of the trunk, and the trunk is a trunk with rough bark;
and when the seedling is fixed, waterweed is placed at the root of each pholidota chinensis seedling, and one end with a terminal bud faces the upper part of the trunk and is stuck in a gap of the bark.
Culturing the seedling in the step (1) by culturing the tissue culture seedling of the pholidota chinensis in a matrix for more than one year, and selecting single plant seedlings with more than 3 pseudobulbs or separated plant seedlings with more than 2 pseudobulbs as small seedling of the pholidota chinensis for planting in the step (3);
specifically, the pine tree and camphor tree located within 150 meters around the brook are selected as the cultivation site in the embodiment (2), the illumination intensity of the cultivation site in the open air is 40% -70%, the perennial air humidity is above 65%, and the extremely low temperature is above 5 ℃.
The tree is chestnut, pine or camphor tree.
And (3) when planting, the distance between two adjacent groups of the pholidota chinensis seedlings is 17 cm, and the distance between two adjacent groups of pholidota chinensis seedlings in each group of pholidota chinensis seedlings along the peripheral direction of the trunk is 7 cm.
In the planting process of the step (3), a rainwater collecting device 1 is arranged above a group of pholidota chinensis seedling groups at the top of each trunk; the rainwater collecting device 1 comprises an outer shell 1-2 and a supporting frame 1-1 for fixedly mounting the outer shell 1-2 on a trunk, wherein the outer shell 1-2 is in a horn shape with a big upper part and a small lower part, the top of the outer shell is open, and the bottom of the outer shell is tightly attached to and fixed on the periphery of the trunk.
The upper support frame 1-1 comprises an inner fixing ring 1-1-1 used for being fixed on a trunk, an outer fixing ring 1-1-3 concentrically arranged on the outer periphery of the inner fixing ring 1-1-1 and a plurality of connecting rods 1-1-2 connected between the inner fixing ring 1-1 and the outer fixing ring 1-1-3, wherein the outer shell 1-2 is composed of a piece of rain cloth used for collecting rain water, the upper end of the piece of rain cloth 1-2 is wound on the outer fixing ring 1-1-2, the caliber of the rain cloth is gradually reduced in the process of extending downwards from a connecting position, and the lower end of the piece of rain cloth 1-2 is fastened and fixed on the trunk or is fastened on the trunk through the lower fixing ring 1-3.
The distance between the top group of small pholidota herb seedlings and the bottom of the rainwater collecting device 1 is 25cm, and the height of the rainwater collecting device 1 is 25cm.
The cultivation management in the step (4) comprises the following steps: at 2 months per year, 0.3kg of unfermented sheep manure particles was placed in each rainwater collecting apparatus 1.
The cultivation management in the step (4) further comprises: when drought is encountered, water is irrigated into the rainwater collector every 10 days, and the outside of the bark is stopped after the outside of the bark reaches a wet state by each irrigation.
The specific harvesting steps in the step (5) are as follows: and (3) starting 3 years after planting in the step (3), shearing off and harvesting the pseudobulb and leaf at the tail of each plant of the pholidota chinensis, wherein only 2 pseudobulbs are left in each plant of the pholidota chinensis.
And (3) fixing the pholidota herb seedlings on the trunk by ropes or nails during planting. The rain cloth can be plastic cloth or non-woven cloth. When the unfermented sheep manure particles are placed in the rainwater collecting device, the sheep manure particles are placed into the bottom end of the inner cavity of the rainwater collecting device, and the gaps between the rainwater collecting device and the bark are filled with the sheep manure particles.
The test result shows that the survival rate of the pine tree is 94% and the survival rate of the camphor tree is 95%. The water should be supplemented once within 10 days in drought season, and the watering period can be properly prolonged when the water is in rainy season, the water is more in stream and the air humidity is high. In contrast, when drought and sunny weather are met, the phosphorus-like stems become soft and even shrink due to water shortage, so that the watering period needs to be shortened, and the average annual single plant yield after 3 years is 7.7g.
The inner fixing ring 1-1-1 and the outer fixing ring 1-1-2 of the upper support frame 1-1 of the rainwater collecting apparatus according to the above embodiment may be divided into two sections as shown in fig. 2, and the two sections may be fastened by welding, screws or iron wires when they are fixed on a tree.
Claims (7)
1. The pholidota chinensis simulated border cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) seedling raising, (2) cultivation field selection, (3) planting, (4) cultivation management and (5) harvesting;
when planting, fixing a plurality of groups of the seedling groups of the pholidota chinensis after the seedling cultivation in the step (1) on the trunk at intervals from bottom to top along the extending direction of the trunk, wherein each group of seedling groups of the pholidota chinensis after the seedling cultivation in the step (1) comprises a plurality of seedling groups of the pholidota chinensis which are sequentially arranged at intervals along the peripheral direction of the same part of the trunk, and the trunk is a trunk with rough bark;
when the seedling is fixed, waterweed is placed at the root of each seedling of the pholidota chinensis, and one end with a terminal bud faces the upper part of the trunk and is stuck in a gap of the bark;
culturing the seedling in the step (1) by culturing the tissue culture seedling of the pholidota chinensis in a matrix for more than one year, and selecting single plant seedlings with more than 3 pseudobulbs or separated plant seedlings with more than 2 pseudobulbs as small seedling of the pholidota chinensis for planting in the step (3);
when the cultivation site is selected in the step (2), the trunks of the miscellaneous woods except the fir woods, which are positioned within 200 m of the periphery of the creek, are selected as the cultivation trunks of the pholidota herb seedlings, the illumination intensity of the cultivation site is 40% -70%, the perennial air humidity is above 60%, and the temperature is above 5 ℃;
the tree is chestnut, pine or camphor tree;
and (3) when planting, the distance between two adjacent groups of the pholidota herb seedlings is 15-20 cm, and the distance between two adjacent groups of pholidota herb seedlings in each group of pholidota herb seedlings along the peripheral direction of the trunk is 5-8 cm.
2. The method for cultivating the pholidota chinensis according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the planting process of the step (3), a rainwater collecting device is arranged above a group of pholidota chinensis seedling groups at the top of each trunk; the rainwater collecting device comprises an outer shell and a supporting frame, wherein the supporting frame is used for fixedly installing the outer shell on a trunk, the outer shell is in a horn shape with a big upper part and a small lower part, the top opening is open, and the bottom is tightly attached to and fixed on the periphery of the trunk.
3. The method for cultivating the pholidota chinensis according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the upper support frame including be used for being fixed in the internal fixation ring on the trunk, with the internal fixation ring set up in the external fixation ring of internal fixation ring periphery and many connect in internal fixation ring and external fixation between the connecting rod, the shell body comprises the rain cloth that is used for collecting the rainwater, the upper end of rain cloth set up around on the external fixation ring and from the in-process bore of connecting position downwardly extending reduce gradually, the lower extreme of rain cloth tie up and fix on the trunk or tie up on the trunk through lower fixation ring.
4. The method for cultivating the pholidota chinensis according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the distance between the group of the pholidota herb seedlings at the top end and the bottom of the rainwater collecting device is 20-30cm, and the height of the rainwater collecting device is 20-30cm.
5. The method for cultivating the pholidota chinensis according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the cultivation management in the step (4) comprises the following steps: and (3) placing 0.2-0.4kg of unfermented sheep manure particles in each rainwater collecting device 2-3 months each year.
6. The method for cultivating the pholidota chinensis according to claim 2 or 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cultivation management in the step (4) further comprises: when drought is encountered, water is irrigated into the rainwater collector every 10-15 days, and the outside of the bark is stopped after the outside of the bark reaches a wet state by each irrigation.
7. The method for cultivating the pholidota chinensis according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the specific harvesting steps in the step (5) are as follows: and (3) starting 3 years after planting in the step (3), cutting off and harvesting the pseudobulb and leaf at the tail of each plant of the pholidota chinensis, wherein only 1-2 pseudobulbs are left in each plant of the pholidota chinensis.
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Effective date of registration: 20231218 Address after: Building of the Research and Comprehensive Experimental Center of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 104 Pudang, Xindian Town, Jin'an District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350001 Patentee after: Crop Research Institute of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Fujian Provincial Germplasm Resources Center) Address before: 350003 No. 54, 247 North Road, Gulou District, Fujian, Fuzhou Patentee before: AGRICULTURAL BIORESOURCES INSTITUTE OF FUJIAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES |