CN107484616A - A kind of tree-like breeding method of apricot castatopsis fissa " rich " font - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and specifically provides a method for cultivating an apricot hedgerow-shaped "Feng"-shaped tree. The cultivation method is completed in three years. Activities: a. Gardening; b. Building fences; c. Planting and building gardens to slow down seedlings; d. After germination, spring management; e. Young branch binding; 2) Second and third years, tree cultivation; 3) The cultivation of the fence-shaped "Feng"-shaped tree shape is completed; the cultivation method of this apricot tree-shaped "Feng"-shaped tree shape provided by the present invention, compared with the traditional cultivation, the tree shape structure has been simplified by one level, and only divided into trunks , main branch (resulting mother branch), side branch (resulting branch) three levels, the light utilization rate has been greatly improved; the pruning technique has been simplified, the pruning workload has been greatly reduced, and unnecessary nutrient loss has been reduced to a minimum; the crown height, volume Both are greatly reduced, which is more convenient for harvesting and other production operations.

Description

A kind of breeding method of apricot hedgerow type "Feng" shaped tree shape

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a method for cultivating an apricot hedgerow type "Feng"-shaped tree shape.

Background technique

Apricot trees use peaches or apricots as rootstocks for budding propagation, and grafting between peaches, plums, and apricots is easy to survive. Apricot trees like light soil and grow well on fertile loam with good drainage. The cold resistance of most varieties is similar to that of peaches, but they bloom earlier and are easily killed by late frost. Apricot trees are drought tolerant and very long-lived, reaching over 100 years in good conditions. Spain has the largest apricot production, followed by Iran, Syria, the United States, France, and Italy.

Apricot is one of the fruits with the most Xinjiang characteristics, mainly grown in southern Xinjiang. In terms of production, apricots in southern Xinjiang generally adopt a happy shape. This tree shape has fewer backbone branches, fewer twigs, and low yield. The management of measures such as twisting, topping, and thinning requires a lot of work in summer; the tree structure is complex, technically strong, difficult to master, the result is late, the production is slow, and it is inconvenient to mechanize.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defect of prior art, provide a kind of cultivation method of apricot hedge-wall type " abundant " font tree shape, be convenient to various operation management, especially be convenient to mechanized operation, save labor, and output is high.

For this reason, the invention provides a kind of cultivation method of apricot hedge wall type " abundant " font tree shape, described cultivation method is divided into three years and finishes, and concrete steps are:

1) In the first year, the grafted seedlings should be planted and kept alive:

a. Garden building:

Grafted seedlings are planted to build a garden with a planting row spacing of 3m and a plant spacing of 2m, and the seedlings are selected from the grafted seedlings of I grade fine apricot trees;

b. Build a fence:

Make dots on the ground according to the set row spacing and plant spacing, and set each column with the same height and pre-buried depth on one side of the same apricot tree. Each apricot tree corresponds to a column, and the iron wire is bound on the column;

c. Slow seedlings for planting and gardening:

In the first year, ensure that the newly planted apricot saplings are supplied with water in a timely manner to ensure the survival of the planted seedlings. At the same time, the main trunk is bound, and the main trunk is bound and fixed with the iron wire on the column to prevent wind breakage;

d. After germination, spring management:

In spring, after the apricot tree germinates, choose an upright and strong branch as the extension branch of the central trunk, and remove and wipe off the branches and buds on the main trunk in time;

e, twig binding

In summer, tie the young branches to the iron wire of the column with a tie card;

2) In the second and third years, tree cultivation:

Plastic measures include one-time head drop, branch thinning, swinging, bud carving, bud wiping, main branch binding and topping, center trunk extension cultivation and tree height control;

The one-time head drop refers to: before the apricot tree germinates at the end of February and the first ten days of March, the center trunk is dropped;

Said thinning refers to: when pruning in winter, the branches between the first and the second, the second and the third, the third and the fourth iron wires, only the symmetrical branches bound on the iron wires are left. Thin out the main branch and other branches; at the same time, remove the back branches and competing branches;

Described throwing away refers to: when pruning in winter, the symmetrical main branch that is bound on the iron wire is taken to put the pruning mode for a long time;

The bud carving refers to: after the apricot tree starts to germinate in the first and middle days of March, the buds are carved on the part of the central trunk that lacks symmetrical main branches. 1/2 of that, cut deep into the phloem without hurting the xylem, and use fungicides to treat the bud points in time after the buds are carved;

Described wiping bud refers to: after the apricot tree begins to germinate at the end of March and early April, remove redundant buds;

The main branch is bound and topped: when the main branch grows to 90cm long, the main branch is bound on the iron wire with a binding card at 90 °, and it is horizontal with the iron wire, and it is topped when it grows to 0.9m;

The extended cultivation of the central stem refers to: among the newly issued main branches, choose to stay a strong and upright one as the central trunk to extend upwards and cultivate;

The tree height control refers to: when the tree height grows to 1.5m, it is topped continuously, and it is controlled to continue to grow upward;

3) The fence-shaped "Feng"-shaped tree has been cultivated:

The cultivation of the apricot hedgerow type "Feng" tree shape is completed by the end of the third year. The tree height is controlled at 2.5m, the crown width is within 2m, the fixed trunk height is 40cm, and the whole plant has 34-45 fruiting branches.

Further, in the step b of the "in the first year, the grafted seedlings are planted and kept alive", the uprights are pre-buried 50 cm deep, and each upright is 10 cm away from the corresponding apricot tree.

Further, in the step b of "in the first year, the grafted seedlings are planted and kept alive", four iron wires are tied at equal intervals from bottom to top on the column, the height of the first iron wire from the ground is 40cm, and the distance between adjacent iron wires is 40cm. It is 40cm, the first iron wire and the second iron wire are bound in the first year, and the third and fourth iron wires above are bound in the second year of planting.

Further, in the step e of "in the first year, the grafted seedlings are planted and kept alive", the young branches at a distance of 0.4m and 0.8m from the ground are tied to the iron wire with a tie card.

Further, in the step a of "the first year, the grafted seedlings are planted and kept alive", the damaged root system of the selected grade I improved apricot tree grafted seedlings is first trimmed, soaked in water for 6-8 hours, and the roots are immersed in the prepared Put in the good BT rooting agent solution for half an hour, dip in the mud; then plant the grafted apricot seedlings in the soil, and then irrigate.

Further, the method also includes:

When the growth of new shoots reaches more than 7cm, dilute the amino acid fertilizer with water to a concentration of 15-25%, mix it with a growth promoter and a fungicide, and then spray it on the seedlings.

Further, in the step 2) in the early stage of growth, the branches and leaves are tender, and 0.1-0.3% human excrement is used to topdress the roots; in late June, the leaves are sprayed with 0.2-0.4% urea and 0.2% superphosphate ; In late September, apply basal fertilizer, which is decomposed farmyard manure, 200 kilograms of barnyard manure/mu.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: the method for cultivating the apricot hedgerow-shaped "Feng"-shaped tree provided by the present invention adopts close planting cultivation, and the yield in the early stage increases rapidly; with the support of the trellis, it is not necessary to consider the strength of the fruiting branches, and it can be used year after year Swinging can promote the transformation of branches from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, which is conducive to early fruiting; planting in wide rows, the light can be directly injected into the row, and the fruit quality is high; hedgerow cultivation, the crown diameter of the tree is small, and the light inside and outside the crown is uniform Therefore, the fruit quality can be guaranteed; increasing the row spacing is convenient for various operations and management, especially for mechanized operations, and saves labor; growing grass between rows during cultivation is very beneficial for improving soil and increasing soil organic matter; tree structure and technology Simple, small pruning workload, easy to shape, and easy for fruit growers to master the operation technology.

Compared with the traditional cultivation, the tree structure is simplified by one level, and is only divided into three levels: trunk, main branch (resulting mother branch), side branch (resulting branch) (traditional cultivation tree structure is divided into trunk, main branch, fruiting mother branch, result branch four), the light utilization rate has been greatly improved, and the advantages of light energy conversion in vegetative growth and reproductive growth are more obvious; the pruning technology has been simplified, the pruning workload has been greatly reduced, and unnecessary nutrient loss has been reduced to a minimum; The height and volume of the canopy are greatly reduced, which is more convenient for harvesting and other production operations.

detailed description

The present invention will be further explained below in combination with specific embodiments.

Example 1:

In the desert greening base in Wensu County, Xinjiang, the base is located in the northwest margin of the Tarim Basin in southern Xinjiang, which belongs to the warm temperate and arid desert climate with abundant heat. The soil is sandy, a desert sandy land that has been reclaimed for 10 years. The soil is loose, has good water permeability, poor water and fertilizer retention capacity, and is suitable for planting apricot trees. Select Xinjiang Diaogan apricot and Kuqa Xiaobai apricot for tree cultivation, the specific steps are as follows:

1) In the first year, the grafted seedlings should be planted and kept alive:

In the spring of 2012, the grafted seedlings were planted to build a garden, the row spacing of the planted plants was 3m, the plant spacing was 2m, and the seedlings were selected from the grafted seedlings of grade I apricot trees;

a. Garden building:

Grafted seedlings are planted to build a garden with a planting row spacing of 3m and a plant spacing of 2m, and the seedlings are selected from the grafted seedlings of I grade fine apricot trees;

b. Build a fence:

In the first ten days of March 2012, dots on the ground according to the set distance between rows and rows of plants, and set up columns with the same height and pre-buried depth on one side of the same apricot tree. Each apricot tree corresponds to a column, and the columns are tied Iron wire; the uprights are pre-embedded 50cm deep, and each upright is 10cm away from the corresponding apricot tree. There are four iron wires tied at equal intervals from bottom to top on the column. The height of the first iron wire is 40cm from the ground, and the distance between adjacent iron wires is 40cm. In the second year, the third and fourth wires above were bound.

c. Slow seedlings for planting and gardening:

In the first year, the newly planted apricot saplings are guaranteed to be supplied with water in time to ensure the survival of the planted seedlings. At the same time, the trunk is bound, and the trunk is bound to the iron wire on the column. When the top-heavy phenomenon occurs on the branches and leaves, the main trunk should be bound and fixed with iron wire in time to prevent wind breakage.

d. After germination, spring management:

In spring, after the apricot tree germinates, choose an upright and strong branch as the extension branch of the central trunk, and remove and wipe off the branches and buds on the main trunk in time;

e, twig binding

In summer, tie the twigs at 0.4m and 0.8m from the ground to the iron wire with a tie card;

2) In the second and third years, tree cultivation:

Plastic measures include one-time head drop, branch thinning, swinging, bud carving, bud wiping, main branch binding and topping, center trunk extension cultivation and tree height control;

Described once falling head refers to: before the apricot tree germinates at the end of February and early March in 2013, the center trunk is carried out to drop the head to the center trunk;

Described thinning refers to: when pruning in the winter of 2013, the branches between the first and the second, the second and the third, the third and the fourth iron wires are left to be bound on the wires. Thin out the symmetrical main branches, and remove the other branches; at the same time, remove the back branches and competing branches;

Described swinging puts and refers to: when pruning in the winter of 2013, the symmetrical main branch that is bound on the iron wire is taken long to put pruning mode;

The bud carving refers to: after the apricot tree began to germinate in the first and middle days of March, 2013, the buds were carved on the central trunk lacking symmetrical main branches. One-half of the branches are carved deep to the phloem without hurting the xylem, and the buds are treated with fungicides in time after the buds are carved;

Described wiping bud refers to: after the apricot tree begins to germinate at the end of March and the first ten days of April in 2013, remove redundant bud;

The main branch is bound and topped: when the main branch grows to 90cm long, the main branch is bound on the iron wire with a binding card at 90 °, and it is horizontal with the iron wire, and it is topped when it grows to 0.9m;

The extended cultivation of the central stem refers to: among the newly issued main branches, choose to stay a strong and upright one as the central trunk to extend upwards and cultivate;

The tree height control refers to: when the tree height grows to 1.5m, topping is continued to control it to continue to grow upward;

3) The fence-shaped "Feng"-shaped tree has been cultivated:

The task in 2014 is basically the same as in 2013, repeat step 2);

After three years of continuous cultivation from 2012 to 2014, the apricot hedgerow-style "Feng"-shaped labor-saving tree has basically formed. The tree height is controlled at 2.5m, the crown width is within 2m, the fixed stem height is 40cm, and the whole plant has 34-45 fruiting branches. .

Example 2:

In the step a) of the grafted seedlings in the first year of fixed planting and keeping alive, the damaged root system of the selected grade I improved apricot tree grafted seedlings is properly trimmed, soaked in water for about 6-8 hours, and the roots are immersed in the prepared BT rooting agent solution for half an hour, dipped in mud; then grafted apricot tree seedlings were planted in the soil, and then watered. It is beneficial to promote early germination of apricot trees, and is easy to operate and easy to master; after irrigation, the roots of grafted seedlings can be in close contact with the soil, which is conducive to stable growth.

When the growth of new shoots reaches more than 7cm, dilute the amino acid fertilizer with water to a concentration of 15-25%, mix it with a growth promoter and a fungicide, and then spray it on the seedlings. This method can quickly supplement tree nutrition. The branches and leaves in the early stage of growth in the step 2) are tender, and the roots are topdressed with 0.1-0.3% human excrement; in late June, 0.2-0.4% urea and 0.2% superphosphate are sprayed on the leaves; in September In the last ten days, it is the base fertilizer, mainly decomposed farmyard manure, 200 kg of manure/mu. The slow release of fertilizer effect improves the utilization rate of fertilizer, meets the nutrient demand of apricot trees, promotes the good growth of apricot trees, and improves the fruit setting rate.

The above exemplification is only an illustration of the present invention, and does not constitute a limitation to the protection scope of the present invention. All designs identical or similar to the present invention all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A kind of 1. tree-like breeding method of apricot castatopsis fissa " rich " font, it is characterised in that：The breeding method point is completed for 3 years, Concretely comprise the following steps：

   1) First Year, grafting field planting keep-alive：

   A, building well：

   The field planting seeding row spacing 3m of grafting field planting building well, spacing in the rows 2m, nursery stock select I level breeding Apricot graft seedlings；

   B, hedge frame is built：

   Got ready on the ground according to set seeding row spacing and spacing in the rows, by the consistent each column of height and pre-buried depth located at same The side of row apricot, the corresponding column of every apricot, bondage iron wire on column；

   C, it is colonized building well slow seedling：

   Ensure that new field planting apricot seedling moisture is supplied in time in First Year, it is ensured that planting stock survives, while carries out trunk and tie up Tie up, trunk and iron wire bondage on column are fixed, prevent from causing windbreak；

   D, after rudiment, spring management：

   In spring, after apricot germination, a upright and strong branch is selected and remain as the dry extension branch in center, and remove and erase master in time Branch and bud on dry；

   E, sprout bondage：

   Summer, sprout is strapped on the iron wire of column with branch card is tied up；

   2) second and third year, tree-like culture：

   Shaping measure includes once falling head, sparse branching, getting rid of and put, carve bud, bud picking, major branch bondage pinching, the dry Extending culture in center and tree Height control；

   It is described once to fall head and refer to：It is dry to center to carry out falling head before early March apricot sprouts by the end of February；

   The sparse branching refers to：During winter pruning, between first and second, second and the three, the 3rd and the 4th Branch between iron wire, only stays the symmetrical major branch for being strapped in iron wire, and remaining branch removes；Back branch, competitive branch are removed simultaneously；

   It is described get rid of to put refer to：During winter pruning, length is taken the symmetrical major branch being strapped on iron wire to put trim mode；

   The quarter bud refers to：March early and middle ten dayses apricot start rudiment after, it is dry to center on lack the position of symmetrical major branch and carve Bud, bud position is carved above kryptoblast point 0.5~1cm at, kerf width is the half of limb, carves and is deep to bast and does not hinder And xylem, timely use bactericide processing quarter bud point after carving bud；

   The bud picking refers to：After early April apricot starts rudiment by the end of March, remove unnecessary bud；

   The major branch bondage pinching：Major branch grow to 90cm it is long when, major branch is strapped on iron wire in 90 ° with bondage card, with iron Silk is horizontal, to its pinching when growing to 0.9m；

   The dry Extending culture in center refers to：In new hair major branch, it is more upright dry upward as center to select and remain a stalwartness, position Extending culture；

   The height of tree control refers to：When height of tree length is to 1.5m, continuous topping, it is controlled to continue up growth；

   3) the tree-like culture of castatopsis fissa " rich " font is completed：

   The tree-like culture of apricot castatopsis fissa " rich " font to year end the 3rd is fully completed, and the height of tree is controlled within 2.5m, hat width 2m, Heading height 40cm, 34~45, complete stool cultivation results branch.
2. 2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step b of " First Year, the grafting field planting keep-alive ", The pre-buried 50cm of column is deep, per root post apart from corresponding apricot distance 10cm.
3. 3. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In " First Year, grafting field planting keep-alive " the step b, stand Bondage has four iron wires at equal intervals from down to up on post, and first of iron wire is 40cm apart from ground level, neighboring track iron wire interval For 40cm, first of iron wire of First Year bondage and second iron wire, the three, the 4th iron wires being colonized above Second Year bondage.
4. 4. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：, will in " First Year, grafting field planting keep-alive " the step e Sprout is strapped on iron wire with branch card is tied up at ground 0.4m and 0.8m.
5. 5. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In " First Year, grafting field planting keep-alive " the step a, first The damage root system of selected I level breeding Apricot graft seedlings is trimmed, soaks 6-8 hours with clear water, root, which is immersed in, matches somebody with somebody Half an hour in the BT rooting agent solutions made, be stained with mud slurry；Again then the plant of Apricot graft seedling is poured water into soil.
6. 6. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Methods described also includes：

   When new hair branch growth amount reaches more than 7cm, it is 15-25% that amino acids fertilizer is diluted with water into concentration, and is promoted with growth It is sprayed on after entering agent and bactericide mixing on nursery stock.
7. 7. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Growth branches and leaves children early stage is tender in the step 2), uses 0.1- 0.3% night soil carries out foliage top dressing；Late June, foliage-spray 0.2-0.4% urea, 0.2% calcium superphosphate；September The last ten-days period, basal dressing, the base manure are decomposed farm manure, 200 kilograms of barnyard manure/mus.