CN103843554A - Method for increasing yield of eucommia seeds in eucommia female strain fertilizing garden - Google Patents
Method for increasing yield of eucommia seeds in eucommia female strain fertilizing garden Download PDFInfo
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- CN103843554A CN103843554A CN201310340171.4A CN201310340171A CN103843554A CN 103843554 A CN103843554 A CN 103843554A CN 201310340171 A CN201310340171 A CN 201310340171A CN 103843554 A CN103843554 A CN 103843554A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of eucommia culturing and particularly relates to a method for increasing the yield of eucommia seeds in a eucommia female strain fertilizing garden. The method comprises the following steps of growing eucommia seedlings, grafting the seedlings, planting the seedlings, shaping the seedlings, shearing trees, picking seeds, removing impurities from the seeds, after removing impurities from the seeds, airing the obtained eucommia seeds or drying the eucommia seeds at the temperature of 120 to 150 DEG C, and cooling the seeds by cold air with the temperature of 25 to 35 DEG C. By the method, the yield of available eucommia seeds in the eucommia female strain fertilizing garden can be increased by 30 percent and is about 400kg/mu; the quality of the eucommia seeds is obviously higher than that of the traditional way; the flowering period and the picking period are prolonged to 70 to 75 days; the picking cost is reduced by over 50 percent and is about RMB 2.5 yuan/kg; furthermore, the problems that the using density of workers is high and the organization difficulty is high in the same period are also solved; the wet eucommia seeds are dried by a drying process, so that the problems that the airing time is long, a large number of fields are occupied, and waste is high because of weather factor are solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cultivating eucommia technical field, particularly a kind of method that improves bark of eucommia female plant high yield garden product seed of bark of eucommia output.
Background technology
Gutta-percha tree branch list belongs to, dioecism, the bark of eucommia seedling that utilizes seed of bark of eucommia natural propagation, female-male proportion is about 6:4, every mu of field planting 70-110 strain, individual plant diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 6cm left and right after 8 years, plant height 500-700cm, per mu yield seed of bark of eucommia deficiency 5kg, so the seed of bark of eucommia of plucking can only be in order to pass ancestor's reception, picking period 20-25 days, this is traditional planting patterns.From the nineties in last century, be accompanied by the enhancing of scientific and technical development and health of people consciousness, in succession develop the series of products such as eucommia ulmoides seed oil, gutta percha, eucommia feed take seed of bark of eucommia as raw material, very popular, market potential is huge.Therefore,, if continue to use traditional gutta-percha tree planting patterns, cannot meet the demand of market to seed of bark of eucommia development far away.Hereat set up also rationally harvesting raising seed of bark of eucommia Yield and quality of bark of eucommia female plant high yield garden according to the natural characteristic of bark of eucommia female plant and extensive use, reducing harvesting cost is a new problem of bark of eucommia industry.
The mode that traditional bark of eucommia female plant high yield Yuan Jian garden, pruning, harvesting obtains seed of bark of eucommia is as follows:
Before the nineties in last century: first utilize seedling to build garden, prune afterwards, then produce a male heir to continue the family line.Wherein, 1. seedling is built garden: the bark of eucommia seedling of planting natural breed with seed of bark of eucommia is planted by 70-110 plant/acre of cave cultivation or forest belt formula; 2. prune: get except the withered or unnecessary branch in bottom annual winter, make the perfectly straight upwards growth of trunk, to adopt bark, timber as object; 3. pass ancestor's reception: annual late September, to early April maturation, propagates by anemophily, completes the task of producing a male heir to continue the family line.This planting patterns causes seed of bark of eucommia resource to utilize, and people, in order to get skin, to get timber, can take to destroy significantly to bark of eucommia garden, and the life-span in environmental protection and bark of eucommia garden is caused to very big harmful effect.
The mode of the nineties in last century is: grows seedlings, grafting, field planting, and finally pruning, shaping, collection.Wherein, 1. grow seedlings: first choose nursery lot, plant natural breed with seed of bark of eucommia.Planting density 18000-25000 plant/acre; 2. grafting: choose scion, annual mid or late June to early July is carried out grafting by the technology with wooden bud grafting in nursery lot; 3. field planting: press 50-76 plant/acre of cave and plant field planting, in garden, bark of eucommia female plant and staminiferous plant ratio are 30:1; 4. shaping, pruning, collection: carry out shaping, pruning in annual winter, tree-likely dredge two kinds of layer shape and natural open centre shapes for branch, be captured in and carry out autumn, manually cover earth's surface with tarpaulin, beat tree body with bamboo pole, waddy, after seed of bark of eucommia is dropped, collect, get except impurity such as branch, leaves, then carry out airing.Every per mu yield 300kg left and right (age of tree 5-8), the suitable seed phase 20-25 days that adopts.This planting patterns cause adopt the seed phase concentrate, personnel arrangement difficulty is large, raw material output is of low quality, the airing time is long, occupied ground is many, rainfall is large especially in the fall, too late because shining, shine and the reason such as do not do and easily cause the large waste of raw material.
Generally, the availability of traditional approach seed of bark of eucommia is low, yield poorly, of low quality, personnel arrangement difficulty is large, adopts the seed phase and concentrates the airing time long, and occupied ground is many, because weather conditions cause waste greatly.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that improves bark of eucommia female plant high yield garden and produce seed of bark of eucommia output, to overcome the shortcomings such as the availability to seed of bark of eucommia that current method exists is low, Quality and yield is not high.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of method that improves bark of eucommia female plant high yield garden product seed of bark of eucommia output, comprise that the bark of eucommia is grown seedlings, grafting, field planting, shaping, pruning, harvesting, removal of impurities, after removal of impurities, adopt nature to dry or to the seed of bark of eucommia obtaining in 120-150 ℃ of oven dry, and then cooling with the cold wind of 25-35 ℃.
Preferably removal of impurities post-drying, can solve that the airing time is long, occupied ground is large like this, because weather conditions cause the problem that waste is large.
Grow seedlings and refer to: first choose nursery lot, plant natural breed with seed of bark of eucommia.Planting density 18000-25000 plant/acre.
Grafting: choose scion, annual mid or late June to early July is carried out grafting by the technology with wooden bud grafting in nursery lot.
Preferably, plant field planting by every mu of 20-55 strain cave when field planting.
Further, when field planting early, middle and late three period kind collocation as follows: early-maturing variety accounts for the 10-30% of the total strain number of unit are, medium variety accounts for the 40-60% of the total strain number of unit are, late variety accounts for the 10-30% of the total strain number of unit are, bark of eucommia staminiferous plant precocity in Mei Mu garden, in ripe, each 1-3 strains of late variety.
When field planting of the present invention, expand line-spacing than traditional approach, be convenient to tree crown and expand, be conducive to plant strain growth, can extend the life-span in high yield garden.Adopt precocious, in ripe, late variety collocation, can extend the picking period, solved the problem that contemporaneity recruitment density is large, personnel arrangement difficulty is large.
When shaping, make natural open centre shape, dry high 50-160cm.
When pruning, the trim mode that draws branch, local regulation and control in autumn as main, summer is cut in employing take the winter.
The present invention adopts take winter pruning as main, gets except unnecessary branch, improves tree body ventilation and lighting condition, to reach the object that improves seed of bark of eucommia quality; Draw branch summer, spreading angle, increases tree crown to reach, improves ground coverage rate, reduces the height of tree, improves output, reduces the object of plucking cost.Also reduced harvesting difficulty, improved the Yield and quality of seed of bark of eucommia simultaneously.
When harvesting in conjunction with adopt following three kinds of modes:
1) picking period in autumn is wiped out unnecessary branch, on the branch of wiping out, gathers seed of bark of eucommia;
2) be hung on branch with container, rap trunk with small wooden part, seed of bark of eucommia is dropped in container, then collect;
3), by tarpaulin overlay tree dish surrounding, mechanization is carried out in the place manually reaching gather with shaking seed machine.
Seed of bark of eucommia is plucked with pruning and is coordinated, and greatly reduces harvesting expense.
The present invention, with respect to prior art, has following advantage:
Adopt the inventive method, the seed of bark of eucommia the plucked output in bark of eucommia female plant high yield garden can improve 30%, is about 400kg/ mu; Seed of bark of eucommia quality is compared traditional approach and is obviously improved; Full-bloom stage, picking period extend to 70-75 days; Pluck cost more than 50%, be about 2.5 yuan/kg; In addition, also solved in contemporaneity librarian use density large, organize the problem that difficulty is large; Adopt stoving process to be dried seed of bark of eucommia wet feed, solved that the airing time is long, occupied ground is many, because weather conditions cause the problem that waste is large.
Embodiment
With specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described below, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this:
Embodiment 1
Improve the method that seed of bark of eucommia output is produced in bark of eucommia female plant high yield garden, comprise that the bark of eucommia is grown seedlings, grafting, field planting, shaping, pruning, harvesting, removal of impurities.
The main points of corresponding step are as follows:
Grow seedlings: first choose nursery lot, plant natural breed with seed of bark of eucommia.Planting density 18000-25000 plant/acre.
Grafting: choose scion, annual mid or late June to early July is carried out grafting by the technology with wooden bud grafting in nursery lot.
Field planting: plant field planting by every mu of 33 strain caves.Early, middle and late three period kind collocation as follows: early-maturing variety accounts for 10% of the total strain number of unit are, medium variety accounts for 60% of the total strain number of unit are, late variety accounts for 30% of the total strain number of unit are, every mu of bark of eucommia staminiferous plant precocity in garden, in ripe, each 1 strain of late variety.
Shaping: make natural open centre shape, dry high 50-160cm.
Prune: the trim mode that draws branch, local regulation and control in autumn as main, summer is cut in employing take the winter.
Pluck: in conjunction with adopting following three kinds of modes:
1) picking period in autumn is wiped out unnecessary branch, on the branch of wiping out, gathers seed of bark of eucommia;
2) be hung on branch with container, rap trunk with small wooden part, seed of bark of eucommia is dropped in container, then collect;
3), by tarpaulin overlay tree dish surrounding, mechanization is carried out in the place manually reaching gather with shaking seed machine.
After removal of impurities to the seed of bark of eucommia obtaining in 130 ℃ of oven dry, and then cooling with the cold wind of 30 ℃.
Adopt this method, the output of seed of bark of eucommia is 320kg/ mu; Picking period extends to 70-75 days; Plucking cost is 2.8 yuan/kg.
Embodiment 2
Improve the method that seed of bark of eucommia output is produced in bark of eucommia female plant high yield garden, comprise that the bark of eucommia is grown seedlings, grafting, field planting, shaping, pruning, harvesting, removal of impurities.
Wherein, field planting: plant field planting by every mu of 42 strain caves.Early, middle and late three period kind collocation as follows: early-maturing variety accounts for 20% of the total strain number of unit are, medium variety accounts for 60% of the total strain number of unit are, late variety accounts for 20% of the total strain number of unit are, every mu of bark of eucommia staminiferous plant precocity in garden, in ripe, each 2 strains of late variety.
After removal of impurities to the seed of bark of eucommia obtaining in 150 ℃ of oven dry, and then cooling with the cold wind of 35 ℃.
Other are with embodiment 1.
Adopt this method, the output of seed of bark of eucommia is 395kg/ mu; Plucking cost is 2.5 yuan/kg.
Embodiment 3
Improve the method that seed of bark of eucommia output is produced in bark of eucommia female plant high yield garden, comprise that the bark of eucommia is grown seedlings, grafting, field planting, shaping, pruning, harvesting, removal of impurities.
Wherein, field planting: plant field planting by every mu of 55 strain caves.Early, middle and late three period kind collocation as follows: early-maturing variety accounts for 30% of the total strain number of unit are, medium variety accounts for 50% of the total strain number of unit are, late variety accounts for 20% of the total strain number of unit are, every mu of bark of eucommia staminiferous plant precocity in garden, in ripe, each 3 strains of late variety.
After removal of impurities to the seed of bark of eucommia obtaining in 120 ℃ of oven dry, and then cooling with the cold wind of 25 ℃.
Other are with embodiment 1.
Adopt this method, the output of seed of bark of eucommia is 305kg/ mu, and harvesting expense is 2.8 yuan/kg.
Above-described embodiment is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments, and the change that other any the present invention of not deviating from does all should be equivalent substitute mode, within being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. one kind is improved the method for bark of eucommia female plant high yield garden product seed of bark of eucommia output, comprise that the bark of eucommia is grown seedlings, grafting, field planting, shaping, pruning, harvesting, removal of impurities, it is characterized in that, after removal of impurities, adopt nature to dry or to the seed of bark of eucommia obtaining in 120-150 ℃ of oven dry, and then cooling with the cold wind of 25-35 ℃.
2. a kind of method that improves bark of eucommia female plant high yield garden product seed of bark of eucommia output as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, when field planting, plants field planting by every mu of 20-55 strain cave.
3. a kind of method that improves bark of eucommia female plant high yield garden product seed of bark of eucommia output as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, when field planting early, middle and late three period kind collocation as follows: early-maturing variety accounts for the 10-30% of the total strain number of unit are, medium variety accounts for the 40-60% of the total strain number of unit are, late variety accounts for the 10-30% of the total strain number of unit are, bark of eucommia staminiferous plant precocity in Mei Mu garden, in ripe, each 1-3 strains of late variety.
4. a kind of method that improves bark of eucommia female plant high yield garden product seed of bark of eucommia output as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, makes natural open centre shape, dry high 50-160cm when shaping.
5. a kind of method that improves bark of eucommia female plant high yield garden and produce seed of bark of eucommia output as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, adopts take the winter and cut the trim mode that draws branch, local regulation and control in autumn as main, summer when pruning.
6. a kind of method that improves bark of eucommia female plant high yield garden and produce seed of bark of eucommia output as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, when harvesting in conjunction with adopting following three kinds of modes:
1) picking period in autumn is wiped out unnecessary branch, on the branch of wiping out, gathers seed of bark of eucommia;
2) be hung on branch with container, rap trunk with small wooden part, seed of bark of eucommia is dropped in container, then collect;
3), by tarpaulin overlay tree dish surrounding, mechanization is carried out in the place manually reaching gather with shaking seed machine.
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| CN201310340171.4A CN103843554B (en) | 2013-08-07 | 2013-08-07 | A kind of method improving femaleE. ulmoidesplant high yield garden product seed of bark of eucommia output |
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| CN201310340171.4A CN103843554B (en) | 2013-08-07 | 2013-08-07 | A kind of method improving femaleE. ulmoidesplant high yield garden product seed of bark of eucommia output |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104718942A (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2015-06-24 | 云南农业大学 | Method for improving population yield of Amomum tsao-ko through type match |
| CN107493883A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-12-22 | 江西农业大学 | It is a kind of to extend the method for spending extra large viewing period |
| CN108040849A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-05-18 | 重庆康鼎园艺有限公司 | A kind of Cortex Eucommiae container seedling culture method |
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| CN1582630A (en) * | 2004-05-22 | 2005-02-23 | 乌鲁木齐市新市区春盈药材种植场 | Cultivation of eucommia |
| JP2011234704A (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2011-11-24 | Sanae Momose | Germination of seed of eucommia ulmoides, various fix planting of seedling and use of eucommia leaf |
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2013
- 2013-08-07 CN CN201310340171.4A patent/CN103843554B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1582630A (en) * | 2004-05-22 | 2005-02-23 | 乌鲁木齐市新市区春盈药材种植场 | Cultivation of eucommia |
| JP2011234704A (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2011-11-24 | Sanae Momose | Germination of seed of eucommia ulmoides, various fix planting of seedling and use of eucommia leaf |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
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| 刘宏涛等: "《园林花木繁育技术》", 31 January 2005, article "园林花木繁育技术", pages: 9 * |
| 曲永祯: "《种子加工技术及设备》", 31 January 2002, article "种子加工技术及设备" * |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104718942A (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2015-06-24 | 云南农业大学 | Method for improving population yield of Amomum tsao-ko through type match |
| CN107493883A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-12-22 | 江西农业大学 | It is a kind of to extend the method for spending extra large viewing period |
| CN108040849A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-05-18 | 重庆康鼎园艺有限公司 | A kind of Cortex Eucommiae container seedling culture method |
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