CN103843554B - A kind of method improving femaleE. ulmoidesplant high yield garden product seed of bark of eucommia output - Google Patents
A kind of method improving femaleE. ulmoidesplant high yield garden product seed of bark of eucommia output Download PDFInfo
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- CN103843554B CN103843554B CN201310340171.4A CN201310340171A CN103843554B CN 103843554 B CN103843554 B CN 103843554B CN 201310340171 A CN201310340171 A CN 201310340171A CN 103843554 B CN103843554 B CN 103843554B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to cultivating eucommia technical field, particularly a kind of method improving femaleE. ulmoidesplant high yield garden product seed of bark of eucommia output.Comprise bark of eucommia nursery, grafting, field planting, shaping, pruning, harvesting, removal of impurities, after removal of impurities, the seed of bark of eucommia obtained is dried or in 120-150 DEG C of oven dry, and then with the cold front heavy rain of 25-35 DEG C.Adopt the inventive method, the seed of bark of eucommia the plucked output in femaleE. ulmoidesplant high yield garden can improve 30%, is about 400kg/ mu; Seed of bark of eucommia quality is compared traditional approach and is significantly improved; Full-bloom stage, picking period extend to 70-75 days; Pluck cost and reduce by more than 50%, be about 2.5 yuan/kg; In addition, the problem that librarian use density in contemporaneity is large, organize difficulty large is also solved; Adopt stoving process to carry out drying to seed of bark of eucommia wet feed, solve that the airing time is long, occupied ground is many, because weather conditions cause the problem that waste is large.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cultivating eucommia technical field, particularly a kind of method improving femaleE. ulmoidesplant high yield garden product seed of bark of eucommia output.
Background technology
Gutta-percha tree branch list belongs to, dioecism, utilize the bark of eucommia seedling of seed of bark of eucommia natural propagation, female-male proportion is about 6:4, every mu of field planting 70-110 strain, individual plant about diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 6cm after 8 years, plant height 500-700cm, per mu yield seed of bark of eucommia is less than 5kg, so the seed of bark of eucommia plucked can only in order to pass ancestor's reception, picking period 20-25 days, this is traditional planting patterns.From the nineties in last century, along with the development of science and technology and the enhancing of health of people consciousness, be that raw material develops the series of products such as eucommia ulmoides seed oil, gutta percha, eucommia feed in succession with seed of bark of eucommia, very popular, market potential is huge.Therefore, if continue to use traditional gutta-percha tree planting patterns, then the demand of market to seed of bark of eucommia development cannot be met far away.Be that event is set up femaleE. ulmoidesplant high yield garden according to the natural characteristic of femaleE. ulmoidesplant and extensive use and rationally plucks raising seed of bark of eucommia Yield and quality, reduce and pluck the new problem that cost is bark of eucommia industry.
The mode of traditional femaleE. ulmoidesplant high yield Yuan Jian garden, pruning, harvesting acquisition seed of bark of eucommia is as follows:
Before the nineties in last century: first utilize seedling to build garden, prune afterwards, then produce a male heir to continue the family line.Wherein, 1. seedling builds garden: plant by 70-110 plant/acre of cave cultivation or forest belt formula with the bark of eucommia seedling of seed of bark of eucommia plantation natural breed; 2. prune: annual winter gets except the withered or unnecessary branch in bottom, trunk is led to and directly upwards grows, to adopt for the purpose of bark, timber; 3. ancestor's reception is passed: annual late September to early April is ripe, propagates, complete the task of producing a male heir to continue the family line by anemophily.This planting patterns causes seed of bark of eucommia resource to utilize, and people, in order to get skin, get timber, can take to destroy significantly to bark of eucommia garden, cause very big harmful effect to the life-span in environmental protection and bark of eucommia garden.
The mode of the nineties in last century is: nursery, grafting, field planting, finally pruning, shaping, collection.Wherein, 1. nursery: first choose nursery lot, plants natural breed with seed of bark of eucommia.Planting density 18000-25000 plant/acre; 2. grafting: choose scion, annual mid or late June to early July carries out grafting by the technology of the wooden bud grafting of band in nursery lot; 3. field planting: plant field planting by 50-76 plant/acre of cave, in garden, femaleE. ulmoidesplant and staminiferous plant ratio are 30:1; 4. shaping, pruning, collection: carry out shaping, pruning in annual winter, tree-likely dredge layer shape and natural open centre shape two kinds for branch, be captured in and carry out autumn, artificial tarpaulin covers earth's surface, tree body is beaten with bamboo pole, waddy, collect after seed of bark of eucommia is dropped, get except the impurity such as branch, leaf, then carry out airing.Every about per mu yield 300kg (age of tree 5-8), is suitable for adopting seed phase 20-25 days.This planting patterns causes adopts that the seed phase concentrates, personnel arrangement difficulty is large, and raw material output is of low quality, and the airing time is long, and occupied ground is many, and rainfall is large especially in the fall, because of shine too late, shine and the reason such as not do and easily cause the large waste of raw material.
Generally, the availability of traditional approach seed of bark of eucommia is low, yield poorly, of low quality, personnel arrangement difficulty large, and adopt the seed phase and concentrate the airing time long, occupied ground is many, because weather conditions cause waste greatly.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly improve the method that seed of bark of eucommia output is produced in femaleE. ulmoidesplant high yield garden, with, the shortcoming such as Quality and yield not high low to the availability of seed of bark of eucommia that overcome that current method exists.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of method improving femaleE. ulmoidesplant high yield garden product seed of bark of eucommia output, comprise bark of eucommia nursery, grafting, field planting, shaping, pruning, harvesting, removal of impurities, adopt nature to dry after removal of impurities or to the seed of bark of eucommia obtained in 120-150 DEG C of oven dry, and then with the cold front heavy rain of 25-35 DEG C.
Preferred removal of impurities post-drying, can solve airing time length like this, occupied ground is large, because weather conditions cause the problem that waste is large.
Nursery refers to: first choose nursery lot, plants natural breed with seed of bark of eucommia.Planting density 18000-25000 plant/acre.
Grafting: choose scion, annual mid or late June to early July carries out grafting by the technology of the wooden bud grafting of band in nursery lot.
Preferably, field planting is planted by every mu of 20-55 strain cave during field planting.
Further, during field planting early, middle and late three period kind collocation as follows: early-maturing variety accounts for the 10-30% of the total strain number of unit are, medium variety accounts for the 40-60% of the total strain number of unit are, late variety accounts for the 10-30% of the total strain number of unit are, in Mei Mu garden bark of eucommia staminiferous plant precocious, in ripe, each 1-3 strains of late variety.
Expand line-spacing than traditional approach during field planting of the present invention, be convenient to tree crown and expand, be conducive to plant strain growth, the life-span in high yield garden can be extended.Adopt precocious, in ripe, late variety collocation, can the picking period be extended, solve the problem that contemporaneity recruitment density is large, personnel arrangement difficulty is large.
Natural open centre shape is made, dry high 50-160cm during shaping.
Adopt during pruning based on the trim mode that the winter cuts, summer draws branch, autumn, local regulated and controled.
The present invention adopts based on winter pruning, gets except unnecessary branch, improves tree body ventilation and lighting condition, to reach the object improving seed of bark of eucommia quality; Summer draws branch, spreading angle, increases tree crown, improves covered ground rate, reduces the height of tree, improves output, reduces the object of plucking cost to reach.Also reduce harvesting difficulty simultaneously, improve the Yield and quality of seed of bark of eucommia.
Combine during harvesting and adopt following three kinds of modes:
1) picking period in autumn wipes out unnecessary branch, and the branch wiped out gathers seed of bark of eucommia;
2) be hung on branch with container, rap trunk with small wooden local, make seed of bark of eucommia drop in container, then collect;
3) by tarpaulin overlay tree dish surrounding, mechanization is carried out to the place manually reached gather with shaking seed machine.
Seed of bark of eucommia is plucked and is coordinated with pruning, greatly reduces harvesting expense.
The present invention, relative to prior art, has following advantage:
Adopt the inventive method, the seed of bark of eucommia the plucked output in femaleE. ulmoidesplant high yield garden can improve 30%, is about 400kg/ mu; Seed of bark of eucommia quality is compared traditional approach and is significantly improved; Full-bloom stage, picking period extend to 70-75 days; Pluck cost and reduce by more than 50%, be about 2.5 yuan/kg; In addition, the problem that librarian use density in contemporaneity is large, organize difficulty large is also solved; Adopt stoving process to carry out drying to seed of bark of eucommia wet feed, solve that the airing time is long, occupied ground is many, because weather conditions cause the problem that waste is large.
Embodiment
With specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described below, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto:
Embodiment 1
Improve the method that seed of bark of eucommia output is produced in femaleE. ulmoidesplant high yield garden, comprise bark of eucommia nursery, grafting, field planting, shaping, pruning, harvesting, removal of impurities.
The main points of corresponding step are as follows:
Nursery: first choose nursery lot, plants natural breed with seed of bark of eucommia.Planting density 18000-25000 plant/acre.
Grafting: choose scion, annual mid or late June to early July carries out grafting by the technology of the wooden bud grafting of band in nursery lot.
Field planting: plant field planting by every mu of 33 strain caves.Early, middle and late three period kind collocation as follows: early-maturing variety accounts for 10% of the total strain number of unit are, medium variety accounts for 60% of the total strain number of unit are, late variety accounts for 30% of the total strain number of unit are, in garden every mu of bark of eucommia staminiferous plant precocious, in ripe, each 1 strain of late variety.
Shaping: make natural open centre shape, dry high 50-160cm.
Prune: adopt based on the trim mode that the winter cuts, summer draws branch, autumn, local regulated and controled.
Pluck: combine and adopt following three kinds of modes:
1) picking period in autumn wipes out unnecessary branch, and the branch wiped out gathers seed of bark of eucommia;
2) be hung on branch with container, rap trunk with small wooden local, make seed of bark of eucommia drop in container, then collect;
3) by tarpaulin overlay tree dish surrounding, mechanization is carried out to the place manually reached gather with shaking seed machine.
After removal of impurities to the seed of bark of eucommia obtained in 130 DEG C of oven dry, and then with the cold front heavy rain of 30 DEG C.
Adopt this method, the output of seed of bark of eucommia is 320kg/ mu; Picking period extends to 70-75 days; Plucking cost is 2.8 yuan/kg.
Embodiment 2
Improve the method that seed of bark of eucommia output is produced in femaleE. ulmoidesplant high yield garden, comprise bark of eucommia nursery, grafting, field planting, shaping, pruning, harvesting, removal of impurities.
Wherein, field planting: plant field planting by every mu of 42 strain caves.Early, middle and late three period kind collocation as follows: early-maturing variety accounts for 20% of the total strain number of unit are, medium variety accounts for 60% of the total strain number of unit are, late variety accounts for 20% of the total strain number of unit are, in garden every mu of bark of eucommia staminiferous plant precocious, in ripe, each 2 strains of late variety.
After removal of impurities to the seed of bark of eucommia obtained in 150 DEG C of oven dry, and then with the cold front heavy rain of 35 DEG C.
Other are with embodiment 1.
Adopt this method, the output of seed of bark of eucommia is 395kg/ mu; Plucking cost is 2.5 yuan/kg.
Embodiment 3
Improve the method that seed of bark of eucommia output is produced in femaleE. ulmoidesplant high yield garden, comprise bark of eucommia nursery, grafting, field planting, shaping, pruning, harvesting, removal of impurities.
Wherein, field planting: plant field planting by every mu of 55 strain caves.Early, middle and late three period kind collocation as follows: early-maturing variety accounts for 30% of the total strain number of unit are, medium variety accounts for 50% of the total strain number of unit are, late variety accounts for 20% of the total strain number of unit are, in garden every mu of bark of eucommia staminiferous plant precocious, in ripe, each 3 strains of late variety.
After removal of impurities to the seed of bark of eucommia obtained in 120 DEG C of oven dry, and then with the cold front heavy rain of 25 DEG C.
Other are with embodiment 1.
Adopt this method, the output of seed of bark of eucommia is 305kg/ mu, and harvesting expense is 2.8 yuan/kg.
Above-described embodiment is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments, and the change that other any the present invention of not deviating from does all should be equivalent substitute mode, is included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. one kind is improved the method that seed of bark of eucommia output is produced in femaleE. ulmoidesplant high yield garden, comprise bark of eucommia nursery, grafting, field planting, shaping, pruning, harvesting, removal of impurities, it is characterized in that, adopt nature to dry after removal of impurities or to the seed of bark of eucommia obtained in 120-150 DEG C of oven dry, and then with the cold front heavy rain of 25-35 DEG C; Field planting is planted by every mu of 20-55 strain cave during field planting.
2. a kind of method improving femaleE. ulmoidesplant high yield garden product seed of bark of eucommia output as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, during field planting early, middle and late three period kind collocation as follows: early-maturing variety accounts for the 10-30% of the total strain number of unit are, medium variety accounts for the 40-60% of the total strain number of unit are, late variety accounts for the 10-30% of the total strain number of unit are, in Mei Mu garden bark of eucommia staminiferous plant precocious, in ripe, each 1-3 strains of late variety.
3. a kind of method improving femaleE. ulmoidesplant high yield garden product seed of bark of eucommia output as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, make natural open centre shape during shaping, dry high 50-160cm.
4. a kind of method improving femaleE. ulmoidesplant high yield garden product seed of bark of eucommia output as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, adopt based on the trim mode that the winter cuts, summer draws branch, autumn, local regulated and controled during pruning.
5. a kind of method improving femaleE. ulmoidesplant high yield garden product seed of bark of eucommia output as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, combine and adopt following three kinds of modes during harvesting:
1) picking period in autumn wipes out unnecessary branch, and the branch wiped out gathers seed of bark of eucommia;
2) be hung on branch with container, rap trunk with small wooden local, make seed of bark of eucommia drop in container, then collect;
3) by tarpaulin overlay tree dish surrounding, mechanization is carried out to the place manually reached gather with shaking seed machine.
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| CN104718942A (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2015-06-24 | 云南农业大学 | Method for improving population yield of Amomum tsao-ko through type match |
| CN107493883A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-12-22 | 江西农业大学 | It is a kind of to extend the method for spending extra large viewing period |
| CN108040849A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-05-18 | 重庆康鼎园艺有限公司 | A kind of Cortex Eucommiae container seedling culture method |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1582630A (en) * | 2004-05-22 | 2005-02-23 | 乌鲁木齐市新市区春盈药材种植场 | Cultivation of eucommia |
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| JP2011234704A (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2011-11-24 | Sanae Momose | Germination of seed of eucommia ulmoides, various fix planting of seedling and use of eucommia leaf |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1582630A (en) * | 2004-05-22 | 2005-02-23 | 乌鲁木齐市新市区春盈药材种植场 | Cultivation of eucommia |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 杜仲良种果园、种子园的营建与整形修剪技术;杜红岩等;《林业科技开发》;19971031(第5期);第15-17页 * |
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