CN103444411B - Culturing and seedling-growing method of hard-branch cutting spikeletsof teaks - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating and raising seedlings of teak hardwood cuttings. The 1-year-old excellent clone tissue culture seedlings are selected as mother plants, cut off and planted in nursery fields. When the buds are 30 to 50 cm long, two thick, Symmetrical buds, remove excess buds, collect hard branches as cuttings from August to September of the second to third year, cut seedlings, and finally cut off all buds from the mother plant that collected hard branches, and continue to cultivate new cuttings. The invention is simple in technology, easy in operation, low in requirements on implementation conditions, short in seedling management time, low in seedling raising cost, and is very suitable for popularization and use in production; The seedlings grow faster, which can save the cost of afforestation and improve the quality of afforestation.

Description

A method for cultivating and raising seedlings of teak hard branch cuttings

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of asexual propagation of forest trees, and relates to a method for cultivating teak hardwood cuttings and raising seedlings.

Background technique

Teak ( Tectona grandis LF ) is a large semi-deciduous tree belonging to the Teak family of Verbenaceae. The heartwood of teak has a large proportion and is dark brown. It is extremely resistant to insects, decay, water, and fire. It is not cracked, easy to process, has a wide range of uses, and has beautiful patterns. It is known as one of the most important tropical timber species in the world. It is listed as the most common plantation tree species in the world along with pine, eucalyptus and poplar. It is also one of the most popular hardwood species in the international market, and the price in the international timber market is very high.

The Institute of Tropical Forestry of the Chinese Academy of Forestry has long been engaged in systematic research on teak introduction, improved breeding and cultivation techniques. Teak has been widely planted in Hainan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong and Fujian provinces in my country. In recent years, the Guangxi Academy of Forestry has undertaken a number of research projects on the comprehensive control of rocky desertification in karst areas. Years of introduction and cultivation experiments have shown that teak has good adaptability to the karst areas of Guangxi, and its growth rate exceeds that of many local native species. Tree species; and teak loves calcium, grows rapidly, and has a large amount of litter, so it is the first choice for controlling rocky desertification. The selected and bred asexual seedlings have the advantages of maintaining the good quality of the mother tree, ordering the forest appearance, and high afforestation quality, and are more and more welcomed by foresters. There have been many studies on teak asexual propagation, mainly including three methods: tissue culture, micro-cutting and twig cutting. Peng Yuhua et al., a teak container method for ear-raising and fast-growing seedlings, patent number: CN201110135616.6; Huang Kaiyong et al. A method for planting teak wood with low cutting poles to promote germination and rapid propagation, patent number: CN201210227667.6; Zeng Bingshan et al., a method for micro-cutting transplantation of tissue culture seedlings, patent number: CN03126743.2; Fan Yunfang et al., a teak micropropagation method, patent number: 03149377.7; Tang Shouxian, a rapid propagation method of black gold teak, patent number: CN200810058972.0; Zeng Bingshan et al., Teak twig cuttings, Journal of Central South Forestry University, 2005, 25 (3): 78-81; Ma Huaming et al., Teak twigs Cutting Technology, Forestry Science and Technology Development, 2010, 24 (4): 108-110; Ma Huaming, Teak Micro-cutting Technology, Forestry Practical Technology, 2010, (3): 25-26. The teak tissue culture method has not been popularized and applied in a large area at present due to its high cost; the quality of the cuttings by the twig cutting method is greatly affected by the weather, and the management technology of the mother plant is relatively complicated. The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the above three methods by cultivating high-quality hard branches as cuttings, is simple and easy to popularize in production.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to aim at the deficiencies of the teak vegetative propagation technology in the prior art, and aims to provide a method for cultivating and raising seedlings of teak hardwood cuttings.

Technical scheme of the present invention is realized like this:

A method for cultivating and raising seedlings of teak hardwood cuttings, including mother plant planting, mother plant management, cuttings collection, cutting and management, and mother plant management after cuttings are collected. Cultivate the seedlings as the mother plant, cut them dry and plant them in the nursery, prune the mother plant to remove germination, collect hard branches as cuttings, cuttage seedlings, and finally cut off all sprouts from the mother plant that collected hard branches, and continue to cultivate new cuttings, the operation steps as follows:

(1) Mother plant planting: select 1-year-old excellent clone tissue culture seedlings as the mother plant and plant them in the nursery;

(2) Mother plant management: pruning and removing germination of the mother plant;

(3) Collection of cuttings: collect hard branches as cuttings;

(4) Cuttings and management: Soak the cuttings with medicinal liquid for disinfection according to the conventional method, use rooting powder to make a 400-600ppm solution, dip the cuttings in the rooting powder and insert them into a non-woven mesh bag with a nutrient matrix Here, after the cuttings are finished, pour root water and cover the shading net. After the cuttings, spray the bactericidal solution every 5 to 7 days according to the routine. After 60 to 70 days, the cuttings take root and stabilize, take away the shading net and put them in full light;

(5) Management of the mother plant after cuttings are collected: cut off all germination of the mother plant in late February of the following year after collecting cuttings, cultivate soil, water thoroughly, and cover the ground with mulch.

The mother plant planting method mentioned above is to select tissue culture container seedlings with a ground diameter of 0.8cm to 1.2cm in late February and plant them in the nursery. The cup is 3cm to 5cm, and it is cut off at the base of the trunk at a distance of 0.5cm to 1cm from the ground. After watering, cover the ground with mulch.

The method of pruning and removing germination of the mother plant mentioned above is to remove the plastic film when the germination length of the mother plant is 1.0cm-3.0cm, and when the germination length is 30-50cm, keep 2 thick and symmetrical sprouts, and remove the redundant sprouts.

The method of collecting cuttings mentioned above is to cut off the base of the hard branches from August to September of the second to third year, cut off the part that was born in the current year, and take the part that was born in the lower part of the hard branches for 1 to 2 years, that is, the hard branches. There are 1 or 2 particularly dense and prominent knot scars on it. From the top of the branch down to the first knot scar is the part that is born in the current year, and the part from the first knot scar to the second knot scar is the 1-year-old part. Below the first knot mark is the 2-year-old part.

The cuttings described above are cuttage cuttings made by pruning hard branches with a diameter of 2.0cm to 4.5cm and 1 to 2 years old into small sections of 20cm to 25cm.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. The method for cultivating and growing seedlings of teak hardwood cuttings of the present invention has simple technology, easy operation, and low requirements for implementation conditions; seedlings are raised in August to September, and the next spring can be used for afforestation in the mountains, and the management time of seedlings is relatively short , the cost of raising seedlings is low, and it is very suitable for popularization and use in production.

2, the cultivation and seedling raising method of teak hardwood cuttings of the present invention, select the cuttings of diameter 2.0cm～4.5cm to carry out cutting, gained cutting seedling is relatively stout, and germination root is many, and root system is developed, and afforestation survival rate is high, and the seedling growth of afforestation year is relatively fast. It can reduce the cost of afforestation and improve the quality of afforestation.

Detailed ways

By the specific examples given below, the present invention can be further clearly understood, but they are not limitations of the present invention.

Example 1

In late February, the tissue culture container seedlings with a ground diameter of 0.8 cm were selected and planted in the nursery. The row spacing of the planting plants was 80 cm × 80 cm. After planting, the covering soil was 3 cm higher than the original container cup, cut off at the base of the main trunk at a distance of 1 cm from the ground, and watered thoroughly. , close to the ground and cover with plastic film; when the germination length of the mother plant is 1.0cm, remove the plastic film, and when the germination length is 30cm, keep 2 thick and symmetrical sprouts, and get rid of the excess sprouts. In August of the second year, cut off at the base of the sprouting branch, take the 1-year-old part of the sprouting branch and trim it into a small section of 20 cm for cuttings, cut off the part that was born in the current year, and select cuttings with a diameter of 2.0 cm to 3.5 cm for cuttings; according to conventional methods Soak the cuttings in medicinal liquid for disinfection, make a 500ppm solution with rooting powder, dip the cuttings in the rooting powder solution and insert them into a non-woven mesh bag with a nutrient matrix. After the cuttings are completed, pour root water and cover them Shade net, after cuttings, spray a bactericidal solution every 5 days. After 60 days, the cuttings will take root and stabilize. After 70 days, the average height of sprouts was 25cm, the diameter was 0.5cm, and the survival rate was 76.6%.

Example 2

In late February, the tissue culture container seedlings with a ground diameter of 1.0 cm were selected and planted in the nursery. The row spacing of the planting plants was 80 cm × 100 cm. After planting, the covering soil was 5 cm higher than the original container cup, cut off at the base of the trunk at a distance of 0.5 cm from the ground, and watered thoroughly. Finally, cover the ground with plastic film; when the mother plant sprouts 2.0cm long, remove the plastic film, and when the sprout grows 40cm, keep 2 thick, symmetrical sprouts, and get rid of the redundant sprouts. In August of the second year, cut at the base of the sprouting branch, take the 1-year-old part of the sprouting branch and trim it into a small section of 23 cm for cuttings, cut off the part that was born in the current year, and select cuttings with a diameter of 2.0cm to 3.0cm for cuttings; according to conventional methods Soak the cuttings in medicinal liquid for disinfection, make a 400ppm solution with rooting powder, dip the cuttings in the rooting powder liquid and insert them into a non-woven mesh bag with a nutrient matrix. Shade net, after cuttings, spray a bactericidal solution every 7 days. After 60 days, the cuttings will take root and stabilize. After 70 days, the average height of sprouts was 25cm, the diameter was 0.5cm, and the survival rate was 78.9%.

Example 3

In late February, the tissue culture container seedlings with a ground diameter of 1.2cm were selected and planted in the nursery. The row spacing of the planting plants was 90cm×90cm. After planting, the covering soil was 4cm higher than the original container cup, cut off at the base of the trunk at a distance of 0.8cm from the ground, and watered thoroughly. Finally, cover the ground with plastic film; when the mother plant sprouts 3.0cm long, remove the plastic film, and when the sprout grows 50cm, keep 2 thick, symmetrical sprouts, and get rid of the redundant sprouts. In September of the third year, cut off at the base of the sprouting branch, take the 2-year-old part of the sprouting branch, trim it into a small section of 25 cm for cuttings, cut off the part that was born in the current year, and select cuttings with a diameter of 3.0 cm to 4.0 cm for cuttings; Methods Soak the cuttings in medicinal liquid for disinfection, make a 600ppm solution with rooting powder, dip the lower cut of the cuttings in the rooting powder solution and insert them into a non-woven mesh bag with a nutrient matrix, and pour rooting water after the cuttings are completed. Cover the shading net, and spray the bactericidal solution every 6 days after the cuttings. After 70 days, the cuttings will take root and stabilize, and the shading net will be taken away and fully illuminated. After 70 days, the average height of sprouts was 25cm, the diameter was 0.7cm, and the survival rate was 83.1%.

Claims (3)

1. A method for cultivating and raising seedlings of teak hardwood cuttings, comprising mother plant planting, mother plant management, cuttings collection, cuttage and management, mother plant management procedures after gathering scion, and its waiting sign is: select 1-year-old high-quality clonal Tissue-cultured seedlings are used as mother plants, which are cut off and planted in the nursery. The mother plants are pruned to remove sprouts, hard branches are collected as cuttings, and cuttings are used to raise seedlings. Finally, all sprouts are cut off from the mother plants with hard branches, and new cuttings are continued to be cultivated. The operation steps are as follows: (1) Mother plant planting: select 1-year-old excellent clone tissue culture seedlings as the mother plant and plant them in the nursery; (2) Mother plant management: pruning and removing germination of the mother plant; (3) Collection of cuttings: collect hard branches as cuttings; (4) Cuttings and management: Soak the cuttings with medicinal liquid for disinfection according to the conventional method, use rooting powder to make a 400-600ppm solution, dip the cuttings in the rooting powder and insert them into a non-woven mesh bag with a nutrient matrix Here, after the cuttings are finished, pour root water and cover the shading net. After the cuttings, spray the bactericidal solution every 5 to 7 days according to the routine. After 60 to 70 days, the cuttings take root and stabilize, take away the shading net and put them in full light; (5) Management of the mother plant after cuttings are collected: cut off all germination of the mother plant in late February of the following year after collecting cuttings, cultivate soil, water thoroughly, and cover the ground with mulch; The mother plant planting method is to select tissue culture container seedlings with a ground diameter of 0.8cm to 1.2cm in late February and plant them in the nursery. 3cm to 5cm, cut off at the base of the main trunk at a distance of 0.5cm to 1cm from the ground, after watering thoroughly, cover the ground with plastic film; The cuttings are cuttage cuttings by pruning hard branches with a diameter of 2.0cm to 4.5cm and 1 to 2 years old into small sections of 20cm to 25cm. 2. The method for cultivating and raising seedlings of a kind of teak hardwood cuttings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method for pruning and removing germination of the mother plant is to remove the plastic film when the germination of the mother plant is 1.0cm～3.0cm long , when the sprouts are 30-50cm long, keep 2 thick and symmetrical sprouts, and remove the redundant sprouts. 3. The method for cultivating and raising seedlings of a kind of teak hardwood cuttings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method for collecting cuttings is from August to September in the second to third years, at the base of hard branches Cut off, cut off the part that was born in the current year, and take the part of the lower part of the hard branch that is 1 to 2 years old, that is, there are 1 or 2 particularly dense and prominent knot marks on the stem of the hard branch, from the top of the branch down to the first knot mark It is the part born in the current year, the part from the first knot to the second knot is the 1-year-old part, and the part below the second knot is the 2-year-old part.