CN104285680A - Application of high-survival-rate high-position crown changing technology to low-yield tea-oil tree transformation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a cultivation technology of low-yield tea-oil tree transformation, in particular to application of the high-survival-rate high-position crown changing technology to low-yield tea-oil tree transformation. The high-position crown changing technology is mainly used for carrying out technical transformation on low-yield tea-oil trees, high-yield and high-quality new tea-oil varieties are grafted, the purpose of upgrading and changing varieties is achieved, the yield per unit area of tea-oil trees is improved, and product quality is improved. By means of the technology, the survival rate is more than 96%, and the high-position crown changing grafting survival rate of low-yield tea-oil trees is obviously improved; forming is quick after upgrading, management is simple, and the technology is easy to use and popularize in scale production. The primary production period of tea-oil trees can start the third year after transformation, the oil yield per mu is 25 kilograms, the fertility period gradually starts at the fourth year, the oil yield per mu is 35 kilograms, the high-yield period starts after the fifth year, oil yield per mu is more than 45 kilograms, and tea-oil tree production economic benefits are doubled.

Description

An a kind of high-servival rate high position changes the application of hat technology in the transformation of low yield oil tea

Technical field

The present invention relates to a culture technique of low yield oil tea transformation, be specifically related to a kind of high-servival rate high position and change the application of hat technology in the transformation of low yield oil tea.

Technical background

Lingyun County is one of national oil tea main producing region and oil tea planning core development zone, nearly 240,000 mu of existing camellia oleifera lam area, and row Guangxi camellia oleifera lam industry area first six digits is that Guangxi oil tea produces one of large county.For a long time, due to camellia oleifera cultivar localization, extensive management, cause county oil tea to produce and be in low-level, 40% camellia oleifera lam area enters declining period, and yield poorly, the output value is few, and camellia oleiferaindustry economic benefit does not fully demonstrate.Within 2011, Lingyun County is classified as Guangxi camellia oleiferaindustry emphasis science and technology demonstration county by Guangxi Science and Technology Department.In recent years, along with the rise of tea oil price, the masses are surging to camellia oleiferaindustry enthusiasm.

Lingyun County oil tea resource is very abundant, and it is one of main source of finance of peasant that oil tea produces, and due to for a long time by various factors and delayed limitation of the technology, does not give full play to the advantage of resource.The high position implementing high-servival rate changes the application of hat technology in the transformation of low yield oil tea, is an important technology approach of an oil tea High efficiency and high quality cultivation Integration ofTechnology Applied D emonstration.The low yield oil tea of excellent camellia oleifera cultivar to old-age group is selected to carry out variety rotation, implement scientific management, promote Lingyun County camellia oleiferaindustry structure updating, significantly improve tea-oil tree yield, product quality and economic benefit, advance camellia oleiferaindustry process, the good and fast development of county's economy of increasing farmers' income, promote is very necessary.

Tea oil is one of best woody plant edible oil in the world, the pure natural plant oil that people like, along with the raising of people's living standard, people turn to health type to the demand of food from simply having adequate food and clothing, and our tea oil output is relatively very low at present, output about 260,000 tons every year on average, per capita only 0.2kg, product presents seriously that supply falls short of demand.

Tea oil is the environment-friendly products of a kind of pure natural, pure ecology, and safety is high, and after fine finishining, added value of product is high, is ideal edible health oil, and meet the modern consumption trend of people, domestic and international market demand is huge.

Prior art

Because oil tea management and production scientific and technological content is not high, add that the kind of original plantation is excellent not, the oil tea age of tree is too high, excessively old, the reason of the factors such as kind original high yield advantage serious degradation, cause tea-oil tree yield too low, economic benefit is not high, seriously constrains the development of oil tea Green Food Industry; Carry out transforming the object being difficult to reach high yield iff the single culture technique of dependence, take a high-servival rate high position to change hat technology, change hat to aged tea tree, grafting high yield and high quality oil tea new varieties, realize renewal and change kind of a target, significantly could improve tea-oil tree yield; Originally change the enforcement of hat technology, efficiently solve an agricultural technology problem of low yield oil tea transformation, promote the development promoting camellia oleiferaindustry.

The object of invention

Change hat by a high position to undergo technological transformation to low yield oil tea, grafting high yield and high quality oil tea new varieties,

Realize renewal and change kind of a target, improve oil tea yield per unit area, improve the quality of products; Upgrade aftershaping fast, management is simple, is easy to promote the use of in large-scale production simultaneously, makes it to form industrialization, significantly improves the economic benefit that oil tea produces, increases the income of peasant, promoted the sustainable development of rural economy.

The content of invention

Technology path of the present invention: the selection of grafting time → stock and arrangement → scion collection → change are preced with and are frontly prepared → high the grafting method → connect rear management be preced with.

Embodiment:

(1) grafting time: be suitable for mid-May to early July to be carried out, selects to carry out, to improve survival rate when cloudy day and fine day low temperature;

(2) selection of stock and arrangement: fertile soil, loose should be selected, soil layer is deeper, the low yield camellia oleifera lam of age of tree 15-18, often selects good strains in the field for seed and selects suitable, the dry direct light cunning of 3 ~ 5 (3 centimetres-5 centimetres) root crotch angle, robust growth, major branch without damage by disease and insect;

(3) scion collection: select oil tea to produce the improved seeds needed for upgrading; Fringe bar should be selected in clone cutting orchard, and clip tree crown middle and upper part is peripheral, grow enrich, healthy and strong, axillalry bud is full, do scion without the semi-lignified branch of giving birth to thick 0.2 centimetre-0.3 centimetre then of damage by disease and insect; Fringe bar is advisable to gather morning, after collection, put into clear water and soak, after drying water, load sealing thermal insulation in plastic sack, should with adopt with, to transport, fringe bar is all bandaged vanning by the available absorbent cotton suctioning moisture, preferably transport in night, note moisturizing in way, shady and cool place should be put behind destination, do not extrude fringe bar;

(4) prepare before changing hat: cleaning forest land, carry out weeding to original camellia oleifera lam, combination with good conditionsi is loosened the soil nitrogen fertilizer application, and when ensureing that a high position changes hat grafting, fertility nutrient supply, improves graft survival rate; Oil tea is cleared up, wipes out tendril, the sprig of butt germinating and deadwood, sick branch, weak branch, overstocked branch, the branch that intersects, and the little side shoot below grafting part; Adjustment density, density is advisable with crown density 0.6-0.8,120-160 plant/acre;

(5) high hat grafting method: adopt plate budding or draw the method for skin cut-grafting to carry out grafting, at the anvil that breaks from base portion 60-100 centimeters, selected comparatively straight position, first cleans bark dirt and descends cutter again, cut anvil grafting knife or single-edge blade, carve at selected position " H ＂ type cut; form layer for degree to be deep to, size is fitted mutually with scion, the about long 2.0-4.0cm of general vertical cut; horizontal cut length is consistent with scion limb diameter, it is level and smooth to cut mouth requirement; Scion cut off about 2/3 of blade, retain 1/3, raise stock cortex, embed scion, make scion xylem and stock form laminating to close, use the 0.015mm grafting membrane got ready in advance or 0.04mm agricultural film bandage by the colligation from bottom to top of side grafting position, tighten again, attention makes blade, axillalry bud exposes, and scion xylem and stock form layer and aim at; After grafting is complete, shade at plastic sack skin by East and West direction bundle with brown paper; Cover mouth will be tightened, and prevents moisture from evaporating;

(6) rear management is connect: strengthen water and fertilizer management, lift-augmented mechanism, Promotive union, rudiment and take out the tip; Connect and give benefit in latter 15 days and connect, connect latter about 30 days and take out the tip, when within about 40 days, young sprout is by red virescence, removes moisturizing bag between the lights, but also need to shade; Can solution tie up when young sprout grows to 6 centimetres, the rudiment bar of erasing on stock regular in time, till rudiment branch no longer appears in stock.

Main effect

Low yield oil tea is after implementing the subcutaneous embedding side grafting high position of the present invention and changing the application of hat technology, and survival rate more than 96%, significantly improves a low yield oil tea high position and change hat graft survival rate; Change the high yield and high quality oil tea new varieties of hat, upgrade aftershaping fast, just term within the 3rd year, can be entered, realize per mu yield oil 25 kilograms, within the 4th year, progressively enter high yield period, mu can produce oil 35 kilograms, within 5th year, enter high term, mu can realize produce oil more than 45 kilograms, and economic benefit is doubled growth later.

Claims (1)

1. a high-servival rate high position changes the application of hat technology in the transformation of low yield oil tea, and its feature comprises the steps:

(1) grafting time: be suitable for mid-May to early July to be carried out, selects to carry out, to improve survival rate when cloudy day and fine day low temperature;

(2) selection of stock and arrangement: fertile soil, loose should be selected, soil layer is deeper, the low yield camellia oleifera lam of age of tree 15-18, often selects good strains in the field for seed and selects suitable, the dry direct light cunning of 3 ~ 5 (3 centimetres-5 centimetres) root crotch angle, robust growth, major branch without damage by disease and insect;

(3) scion collection: select oil tea to produce the improved seeds needed for upgrading; Fringe bar should be selected in clone cutting orchard, and clip tree crown middle and upper part is peripheral, grow enrich, healthy and strong, axillalry bud is full, do scion without the semi-lignified branch of giving birth to thick 0.2 centimetre-0.3 centimetre then of damage by disease and insect; Fringe bar is advisable to gather morning, after collection, put into clear water and soak, after drying water, load sealing thermal insulation in plastic sack, should with adopt with, to transport, fringe bar is all bandaged vanning by the available absorbent cotton suctioning moisture, preferably transport in night, note moisturizing in way, shady and cool place should be put behind destination, do not extrude fringe bar;

(4) prepare before changing hat: cleaning forest land, carry out weeding to original camellia oleifera lam, combination with good conditionsi is loosened the soil nitrogen fertilizer application, and when ensureing that a high position changes hat grafting, fertility nutrient supply, improves graft survival rate; Oil tea is cleared up, wipes out tendril, the sprig of butt germinating and deadwood, sick branch, weak branch, overstocked branch, the branch that intersects, and the little side shoot below grafting part; Adjustment density, density is advisable with crown density 0.6-0.8,120-160 plant/acre;

(5) high hat grafting method: adopt plate budding or draw the method for skin cut-grafting to carry out grafting, at the anvil that breaks from base portion 60-100 centimeters, selected comparatively straight position, first cleans bark dirt and descends cutter again, cut anvil grafting knife or single-edge blade, carve at selected position " H ＂ type cut; form layer for degree to be deep to, size is fitted mutually with scion ,-as the vertical about long 2.0-4.0cm of cut; horizontal cut length is consistent with scion limb diameter, and it is level and smooth to cut mouth requirement; Scion cut off about 2/3 of blade, retain 1/3, raise stock cortex, embed scion, make scion xylem and stock form laminating to close, use the 0.015mm grafting membrane got ready in advance or 0.04mm agricultural film bandage by the colligation from bottom to top of side grafting position, tighten again, attention makes blade, axillalry bud exposes, and scion xylem and stock form layer and aim at; After grafting is complete, shade at plastic sack skin by East and West direction bundle with brown paper; Cover mouth will be tightened, and prevents moisture from evaporating;

(6) rear management is connect: strengthen water and fertilizer management, lift-augmented mechanism, Promotive union, rudiment and take out the tip; Connect and give benefit in latter 15 days and connect, connect latter about 30 days and take out the tip, when within about 40 days, young sprout is by red virescence, removes moisturizing bag between the lights, but also need to shade; Can solution tie up when young sprout grows to 6 centimetres, the rudiment bar of erasing on stock regular in time, till rudiment branch no longer appears in stock.