CN110199756A - Green manure cultural method is planted between a kind of fertile mandarin orange plantation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mandarin orange planting, and discloses a green manure cultivation method for interplanting mandarin mandarin oranges, including (1) site selection and construction of the plantation: selecting the site of the plantation to be the quality of the soil, air, and irrigation water in line with the "three grades" of the environment of the place of production. (2) Seedling selection; (3) Planting; (4) Three-year fertilization method after planting; (5) Young tree shaping and pruning; (6) Young tree bud control technology and thinning Flower and fruit technology; (7) interplanting grass: according to the season, green manure of leguminous grasses is planted between rows of fruit trees; (8) cultivating strong autumn shoots; (9) fruit tree pruning; (10) picking; (11) ) Qingyuan. The invention can solve the problems in the prior art of unreasonable plantation site selection, high seedling mortality rate, improper fertilization method, unscientific planting management, unmanaged tips and flower buds, slow growth of citrus oranges, and fruit quality and yield.

Description

A kind of fertile mandarin orange planting interplanting green manure cultivation method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of mandarin orange planting, more specifically, to a green manure cultivation method for mandarin orange planting interplanting.

Background technique

Wo Tangerine is a hybrid of "Temple" Tangerine and "Dancy" Red Tangerine. This variety is a late-maturing hybrid citrus variety. The growth potential is strong, the crown is naturally round in the early stage, and gradually opens after fruiting, with short thorns on the branches. Wo tangerine bears early and has a high yield. In Nanning, Guangxi, the yield of three-year-old fruit trees can reach 50-100 kg, and the yield of five-year fruit trees can reach 100-150 kg. It requires a lot of manpower and material resources. In addition, Wokan not only tastes sweet, but also has high nutritional value. It contains 13.3% soluble solids, 0.58% titratable acid, 12.76 g/100 ml of invert sugar, 6.84 g/100 ml of reducing sugar, and 23.69 mg of Vc /100 ml, the solid-acid ratio is 22.9. The edible rate is 74.62%, and the juice yield is 59.56%.

Guangxi is the "hometown of selenium" in the country. Selenium-rich soil amounts to 20.18 million mu, and Wuming is the largest selenium-rich land in Guangxi. It belongs to the subtropical monsoon zone, with a mild climate and abundant rainfall. The annual average temperature is 21.7°C, the annual average sunshine hours are 1660 hours, and the annual average rainfall is 1300 mm , is the most suitable golden area for cultivating citrus. At present, there are still unscientific planting methods in the cultivation of tangerines, unreasonable plantation site selection, high seedling mortality, improper fertilization methods, unscientific planting management, unmanaged flower buds and tips, and slow growth of citrus , Fruit quality and yield, the lone fertile citrus is easy to lose the fertile soil, low yield, and low benefit.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a green manure cultivation method for interplanting citrus tangerines, which solves the unreasonable site selection of plantations in the prior art, high seedling mortality, improper fertilization methods, unscientific planting management, and unmanaged tips and flower buds. , Wo mandarin grows slowly, fruit quality and yield problems.

In order to achieve the above object, a method for cultivating citrus mandarin interplanting green manure is provided, comprising the following steps:

(1) Site selection and construction of the plantation: the site of the plantation is selected as a flat land or a depression whose soil, air, and irrigation water quality meet the "three products and one standard" of the environment of the place of production. plots, and the pH value is between 5.5-6.5; the groundwater level of the flat land or depression is below 1 meter; the straight-line distance between the garden land and the citrus orchard with Huanglongbing is not less than 1000 meters; the garden land is divided into Several communities of 100-200 mu;

(2) Seedling selection: select seedlings with "three certificates" and disease-free health; the stock of the seedlings is orange or Fructus aurantii, and the height of the seedlings is more than 0.5 meters, with 3-4 main branches, The stem is 0.8 cm thick, the root system is developed without curling, no obvious mechanical damage, and no quarantine pests and diseases;

(3) fixed value:

a. Open fixed value points: Before the spring shoots sprout or after the spring shoots mature and before the summer buds sprout, the soil is turned up and down, and the furrows are set up. The width of the furrows ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 meters. Planting hole, the hole length and width of the planting hole are 0.5 meters, and the depth is 0.5-0.6 meters; the drainage ditch is dug, and the depth of the drainage ditch is more than 0.8 meters; the planting hole is embedded with 2.5-30 kg of bio-organic fertilizer, And fully mixed with the soil, the weight ratio of bio-organic fertilizer to soil is 1: (5-15); calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is put in 5% of the weight of bio-organic fertilizer, fully improves the soil, and is beneficial to the growth of citrus;

B. Nursery stock fixed value: before the field planting of described seedling stock, it will be pruned, sterilized, and cultivated according to seedling size classification and division; 20 cm above the ground, covered with broken soil and compacted. The soil should not cover the grafting interface. Immediately after planting, pour enough root-fixing water and step on the seedlings to lift the seedlings to ensure close contact between the root system and the soil. Cover the tree tray with weeds or ground cloth to keep moisture;

c. Fixed value management: within a few days after the fixed value, pour water in time to keep the soil moist, and the seedlings should cut off some branches and leaves with serious leaf curls to reduce transpiration and dehydration, and set disposable plastic water cups at the root neck of the seedlings; After surviving, apply decomposed bran manure water, apply fertilizer 2-4 times at the tip, prevent and control diseases and insect pests in time and wipe out the germination below the main branch, and replant in time if dead seedlings are found;

(4) Fertilization method three years after planting:

a. Fertilization in the first year of planting: the balanced water-soluble fertilizer of 0.3% with a mass concentration of 2.2 kg-2.6 kg for the seedlings is sprinkled by water and fertilizer integration facilities; and 15 grams are sprinkled near the crown drip line of the seedlings Fertilizer, above-mentioned fertilizer comprises by weight ratio: 8 parts of poultry manure+4 parts of phosphate fertilizer+2 parts of mushroom dregs+0.75 part of grass fodder+0.25 part of lime; As the tree body expands, apply the above-mentioned fertilizers by 0.5g each time; each time the shoots are strong and the shoots can be combined with pest control and root spraying 1-2 times of foliar fertilizers;

b. Fertilization in the second year of planting: with the fertilization method in the first year of planting, the amount of fertilizer applied is increased by 0.5g successively, and the amount of chemical fertilizer applied to the seedlings is controlled within 100 grams each time to prevent excessive growth of branches; Apply basal fertilizer before the Spring Festival, combined with hole expansion and soil improvement, apply 10-15 kg of bio-organic fertilizer per plant, 0.2-0.3 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.3-0.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 0.3-0.6 kg of green manure weeds. The above-mentioned mixed fertilizer is backfilled with soil; 10-12 kg of bio-organic fertilizer is applied to the soil after the autumn shoots of the seedlings are mature;

c. Fertilization in the third year of planting: if the seedlings do not bear fruit in the third year after planting, the fertilization method is the same as the fertilization method in the second year of planting; if the seedlings have fruit, follow the fertilization method for fruit trees;

(5) Young tree shaping and pruning: After the seedling grows into a young tree, the canopy should be expanded, and light and short cuts should be carried out. When each tip is mature, 20-25 cm short cuts should be left; Described juvenile tree, pull main branch with thin rope after new shoot is ripe or before germination, make the included angle of described main branch and field be 50 °-60 °, untie rope after 25-30 days, untied main branch The angle with the garden is restored to 45°, so that the crown of the tree can be opened, and the long branches and rootstocks can be wiped out in time;

(6) Young tree bud control technology and flower thinning technology:

a. Hormone spraying and irrigation: Spray the mixture of gibberellic acid 100-200ppm+300 times urea solution when the tops of the young trees mentioned in the last 11-12 months are ready to mature, spray 1-2 times; In drought, irrigation is required to keep the tree vigorous, which can effectively control the flowering in the next spring and promote a large number of vegetative shoots in spring;

b. Applying quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer: Apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer 10-12 days before the spring shoots are drawn to accelerate the growth of spring shoots, weaken the growth of flowers and young fruits, and achieve the purpose of naturally thinning flowers and fruits;

c. Manual removal: manual removal of redundant flower buds in time to promote rapid tip extraction;

(7) Interplanting grass: According to the season, green manure of leguminous low-growing herbs is planted between rows of fruit trees; in spring, field greens, pig dung bean, cowpea, cassia, sweet clover or ageratum are planted; soybeans are planted at the turn of spring and summer or rice beans or mung beans; sow bahia grass in early summer; sow white clover or red clover or sagegrass or mint in autumn; Or fertile radish; if the green manure growth height is greater than 5cm, it will be mowed, and the green manure after mowing will cover the tree tray or be embedded in the soil in combination with expanding holes and improving the soil; for the citrus trees whose roots are exposed due to severe rainwater erosion, the soil will be cultivated in winter. The thickness of the soil is 3-5 cm each time, and the tree tray is expanded year by year;

(8) Cultivate strong autumn shoots: start to put shoots around the beginning of autumn, and the shoot time is arranged from mid-August to early September; strong trees that have never been sick and fruit trees with a yield of less than 30kg are appropriately postponed, no later than At the end of September: Old trees that have grown more than 10 years, sick and weak trees, and fruit trees with a yield of more than 50kg are put on early;

(9) Fruit tree pruning: When the row spacing of the citrus citrus plants is closed, the citrus citrus plants are interlaced or separated or removed, the row spacing is increased, the number of branches is reduced, and the opening angle of the main branch is maintained; the crown is closed Cut off upright branches, elongated branches, and cross branches to make the tree ventilated and light-transmitting;

(10) Picking: Irrigation should be stopped 10 days before picking; high-yielding trees and weak trees should be harvested in advance and in batches, and the fruit should be picked after the dew is dry on a sunny day; the method of one fruit and two cuts is adopted, that is, the first cut Cut off at a distance of 1-2cm from the fruit base, and cut the fruit handle at the shoulder of the fruit in the second cut; select fruits without pests and diseases and without mechanical damage for fresh-keeping treatment and graded packaging;

(11) Garden cleaning: Cut off dead branches, diseased and pest branches, short cross branches, elongated branches and decaying branches after fruit picking and budding, and collect and harmlessly treat the cut branches and fallen leaves in time. To spray the garden medicament 1 time.

In particular, before the pruning of the young trees, the heart is properly topped to control the growth length of the shoots, so as to accelerate the maturity of the shoots; When it is 5-6 cm, wipe the buds according to the position of the branches in the tree body, and select the number, direction, and strength of the branches. Only 2-3 healthy buds with a reasonable distribution are left on each base tip to avoid bud retention Too much or too little.

In particular, a protective forest is provided in the garden.

In particular, the shelter forest is casuarina forest or fast-growing eucalyptus forest.

In particular, the garden clearing agent is selected from lime sulfur or mineral oil or vegetable oil.

In particular, during the picking process, fruit picking bags are used to pick and handle lightly to reduce damage.

In particular, the foliar fertilizer is a mixed fertilizer whose active ingredients account for the total mass of 20-50% boron, 30-40% magnesium sulfate, 10-30% amino acid, and 1-15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

In particular, the fertilization method of the fruit tree is based on the yield, 0.5-1.0 kg of pure nitrogen per 50 kg of fruit, and the ratio of N:P:K is 1:(0.3-0.5):1.5, and peanuts are selected according to the above ratio For bran, compound fertilizer, urea and potassium sulfate, the application ratio of organic nitrogen to inorganic nitrogen is 4.5:5.5.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

1. The planting method of the present invention is energy-saving, environmentally friendly, low in cost, simple and easy to operate, and reduces seedling mortality. A disposable plastic water cup is placed at the root neck of the seedling to effectively prevent mice from grinding their teeth with the citrus seedling.

2. The young tree cultivation technology of the present invention can rapidly expand the canopy, cultivate a high-quality and high-yield tree shape, strive for early knot, high yield, stable yield, and excellent fruit, thereby obtaining good economic benefits.

3. The young tree shaping and pruning of the present invention not only promotes the neat germination of new shoots, but also can choose the direction and strength of the future shoots, and can avoid the joint head branches with poor load capacity and easy cracking at the self-pruning place; Remove leggy branches and rootstocks, and make the crown open.

4. The present invention can effectively control the blooming in the spring of the coming year, and promote a large number of vegetative branches of spring shoots; apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer 10 days before the spring shoots are drawn, accelerate the growth of spring shoots, weaken the growth of flowers and young fruits, and achieve the purpose of naturally thinning flowers and fruits ;Remove excess flower buds in time to promote rapid tipping.

5. The present invention can utilize the space between rows of fruit trees to plant leguminous low-growing green manures, to retain water and increase fertilizer, and to prevent water and soil erosion from being lost.

6. The present invention increases the application of organic fertilizers, rationally applies inorganic fertilizers and formula fertilizers, improves soil, promotes soil loosening, and strengthens the growth of root groups.

8. The methods of fruit thinning and picking of the present invention are easy to produce fresh fruit with good peel, beautiful fruit shape, excellent taste, sugar-acid ratio of 18-20°, and slag rate up to 100%.

9. The present invention clears the garden after fruit picking and before the shoots sprout in spring, which can eradicate the pests and germs that survived the winter on the tree body, and reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in the second year.

Detailed ways

The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, so as to define the protection scope of the present invention more clearly.

On December 8, 2014, in Jiulian Village, Wuming, Nanning City, the above-mentioned citrus planting method was used to construct a plantation and plant citrus seedlings, including the following steps:

(1) Site selection and construction of plantations: Establish plantations on flat land. The soil, air, and irrigation water quality of the plantation must meet the "three products and one standard" of the environment of the production area. The soil structure is good, the soil layer is deep, Fertile soil with a pH between 6-6.2. The groundwater level is below 1 meter. The straight-line distance between the field and the citrus orchard with huanglongbing shall not be less than 1,000 meters. The garden is divided into several small areas of 150 mu. There are protective forests in the garden, and the protective forests are casuarina forests or fast-growing eucalyptus forests.

(2) Seedling stock selection: select seedlings with "three certificates", disease-free and healthy; the stock of the seedlings is orange or citrus aurantium, the height of the seedlings is more than 0.5 meters, with 3-4 main branches, and the diameter of the stem is 0.8 cm. , the root system is developed without curling, without obvious mechanical damage, and without quarantine pests and diseases.

(3) fixed value:

a. Open fixed value points: Before the spring shoots sprout or after the spring shoots mature and before the summer buds sprout, the soil is turned up and down, and the furrows are set up. The width of the furrows ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 meters. Planting hole, the length and width of the hole are 0.5 meters and 0.55 meters deep; the drainage ditch is dug, and the depth of the drainage ditch is more than 0.8 meters; 28 kg of bio-organic fertilizer is buried in the planting hole and fully mixed with the soil. The weight ratio of bio-organic fertilizer to soil is 1:12. Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is added at 5% of the weight of bio-organic fertilizer to fully improve the soil and benefit the growth of citrus;

b. Nursery stock fixed value: The seedlings should be pruned and disinfected before planting, and they should be cultivated according to the size of the seedlings; the roots of the seedlings should be evenly distributed and stretched upright in the center of the planting hole. The root neck of the seedlings should be 20 cm above the ground and covered with crushed soil Compact the soil so that the grafting interface cannot be covered. Immediately after planting, drench enough root-fixing water and step on the seedlings to lift the seedlings to ensure close contact between the root system and the soil. Cover the tree tray with weeds or ground cloth to keep moisture;

c. Fixed value management: Sprinkle water in time to keep the soil moist within a few days after the fixed value. The seedlings should cut off the branches and leaves with serious curling leaves to reduce transpiration and dehydration. The root neck of the seedlings should be covered with disposable plastic water cups; after the seedlings survive, apply decomposed bran Manure water, apply fertilizer 2-4 times at the tip, timely prevent and control pests and diseases and wipe out the germination below the main branch, and replant in time if dead seedlings are found.

(4) Fertilization method three years after planting:

a. Fertilization in the first year of planting: the balanced type water-soluble fertilizer of 0.3% with 2.4 kilograms of mass concentration for seedlings is drenched by water and fertilizer integration facilities; The ratio of parts by weight includes: 8 parts of poultry manure+4 parts of phosphate fertilizer+2 parts of mushroom dregs+0.75 part of forage+0.25 part of lime; Each application of the above-mentioned fertilizers increases by 0.5g successively; each time when the shoots are strong and the shoots are strong, the foliar fertilizers can be sprayed outside the roots for 1-2 times in combination with the control of diseases and insect pests. The foliage fertilizer is a mixed fertilizer whose active ingredients account for the total mass of 30% boron, 40% magnesium sulfate, 20% amino acid and 10% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

b. Fertilization in the second year of planting: the same as the fertilization method in the first year of planting, the amount of fertilizer applied should be increased by 0.5g each time, and the amount of chemical fertilizer applied to the seedlings should be controlled within 100 grams each time to prevent excessive growth of branches; the seedlings should be applied with basal fertilizer before the Spring Festival , combined with hole expansion and soil improvement, apply 10-15 kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each plant, 0.2-0.3 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.3-0.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 0.3-0.6 kg of green manure and weeds. Mix the above mixed fertilizer Soil backfilling; 10-12 kilograms of bio-organic fertilizers are applied to the soil after the autumn shoots of the seedlings are mature; organic fertilizers are applied to the soil after the autumn shoots of the seedlings are mature;

c. Fertilization in the third year of planting: If the seedlings do not bear fruit in the third year after planting, the fertilization method is the same as that in the second year of planting; The fertilization method of the fruit tree is based on the yield, 1.0 kg of pure nitrogen per 50 kg of fruit, and the ratio of N:P:K is 1:0.5:1.5. According to the above ratio, peanut bran, compound fertilizer, urea and potassium sulfate are selected. The application ratio of nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen is 4.5:5.5.

(5) Reshaping and pruning of young trees: Pruning of young trees before pruning to control the growth length of the shoots and accelerate the maturity of the shoots; after the shoots are mature, leave 25-40 cm short cuts to promote the next batch of new shoots to germinate , when the new buds grow to 5-6 cm, wipe the buds according to the position of the shoots in the tree body, and select the number, direction, and strength of the shoots, and only leave 2-3 healthy shoots with a reasonable distribution on each base shoot. Buds, avoid leaving too many or too few buds.

After the seedlings grow into young trees, the crown should be expanded, and light and short cuts should be carried out. When the shoots mature each time, 20-25 cm short cuts should be left; for young trees with upright branches, after the new shoots mature or germinate Pull the main branch with a thin rope beforehand, so that the angle between the main branch and the garden is 50°-60°, untie the rope after 25-30 days, and restore the angle between the main branch and the garden to 45° after loosening, so that the crown of the tree can be opened, and the tree canopy can be opened in time. Erase leggy branches and rootstocks. Before pruning young trees, properly pinch the tops to control the growth length of the shoots and accelerate the maturity of the shoots; after the shoots are mature, leave a short cut of 25-40 cm to promote the germination of the next batch of new shoots. When the new shoots grow to 5-6 cm Wipe buds according to the position of the branches in the tree body, and select the number, direction, and strength of the branches. Only 2-3 healthy buds with reasonable distribution are left on each base tip to avoid too many buds and too few buds.

(6) Young tree bud control technology and flower thinning technology:

a. Hormone spraying and watering: Spray a mixture of gibberellic acid 100-200ppm + 300 times urea solution in November-December when the tops of young trees are ready to mature, spray 1-2 times; Irrigation keeps the tree vigorous, can effectively control the flowering in the coming spring, and promote a large number of vegetative shoots in spring;

b. Apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer: Apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer 10 days before spring shoots are drawn to accelerate the growth of spring shoots, weaken the growth of flowers and young fruits, and achieve the purpose of natural flower thinning and fruit thinning;

c. Manual removal: manual removal of redundant flower buds in time to promote rapid tip extraction;

(7) Interplanting grass: According to the season, green manure of leguminous low-growing herbs is planted between rows of fruit trees; in spring, field greens, pig dung bean, cowpea, cassia, sweet clover or ageratum are planted; soybeans are planted at the turn of spring and summer or rice beans or mung beans; sow bahia grass in early summer; sow white clover or red clover or sagegrass or mint in autumn; Or fertile radish; if the growth height of green manure is greater than 5cm, it will be carried out, and the green manure after mowing will be covered with tree trays or combined with expanding holes and improving soil and buried in the soil. For the fertile citrus trees whose roots are exposed due to severe rainwater erosion, the soil is cultivated in winter, and the thickness of the soil is 3-5 cm each time, and the tree disk is expanded year by year.

(8) Cultivate strong autumn shoots: start to release shoots around the beginning of autumn, and the shoot time is arranged from mid-August to early September; strong trees and trees with few fruit are delayed appropriately, no later than the end of September; old trees, weak Trees and trees with many fruits are placed in advance.

(9) Fruit tree pruning: When the row spacing of the citrus citrus plants is closed, the citrus citrus plants are interlaced or separated or removed, the row spacing is increased, the number of branches is reduced, and the opening angle of the main branch is maintained; the crown is closed Cut off upright branches, elongated branches, and cross branches to make the tree ventilated and light-transmitting;

(10) Picking: Irrigation should be stopped 10 days before picking; high-yielding trees and weak trees should be harvested in advance and in batches, and the fruit should be picked after the dew is dry on a sunny day; the method of one fruit and two cuts is adopted, that is, the first cut Cut off at a distance of 1-2cm from the fruit base, and cut the fruit stalk flat at the shoulder of the fruit in the second cut; select fruits that are free from diseases, insect pests, and mechanical damage for fresh-keeping treatment and graded packaging. During the picking process, use fruit picking bags to pick and handle lightly to reduce damage.

(11) Garden cleaning: cut off dead branches, diseased and insect branches after fruit picking and germination, short cross branches, elongated branches and decaying branches, remove excess green manure, and collect the cut branches and fallen leaves in time and treat them harmlessly , The whole garden should be sprayed with pesticides at least once. Lime-sulfur mixture is used as Qingyuan medicament.

The planting time, crown of the first year, crown of the tree of the second year, crown of the tree of the third year, number of results and output of the present embodiment and the planting method of the citrus orange are recorded below.

As shown in the following table 1, this embodiment was planted on the same day as the compared citrus citrus planting method on January 2, 2015 at different locations in Jiulian Village, Wuming, Nanning City, with the same surface slope. On January 5, 2016, the crown of the Wogan was measured after the first year of planting. The average plant height, the average north-south crown length and the average east-west crown length of the Wogan planting method in this embodiment were significantly greater than those planted with the Wogan planting method. The Wo orange of method; On January 3, 2017, the Wo orange was carried out to the measurement of the canopy after the second year of field planting and the statistics of the yield per plant. The gap between the average east-west canopy length and the yield per plant and the Wogan planting method further widened; on January 3, 2018, when the crown was measured and the yield per plant was counted after the third year of planting the Wogan , the yield per plant of the citrus citrus planting method of the present embodiment has been greatly improved, and the average plant height, the average north-south crown length and the average east-west canopy length have also drawn a certain distance from the citrus citrus planting method using the citrus citrus planting method.

Table 1 The comparative table of planting crown and yield of the planting method of Wogan in this embodiment and the planting method of Wotangan

Note: The plant height, north-south crown length, east-west crown length and yield per plant in Table 1 are the above-mentioned average values per mu.

As shown in Table 2 below, it is the appearance, average weight, average transverse diameter*longitudinal diameter, average vitamin C content, and average edible rate of the total harvest results of the Wogan planting method and the Wotangan planting method in this embodiment after three years of planting. , the average soluble solids, which method can be compared to get a higher-rated Wokan. From the overall situation in the table below, the results of the planting method of Wokan in this embodiment are better than that in appearance, average weight, average transverse diameter*longitudinal diameter, average vitamin C content, average edible rate, and average soluble solids. Wo mandarin planting method.

Table 2 present embodiment Wogan planting method and Wotangan planting method result situation

To sum up, in this example, the planting method of Wokan is reasonable in site selection, the mortality rate of seedlings is low, the method of fertilization is appropriate, the planting management is scientific, the management of shoots and flower buds is carried out, the green manure retains water, the Wokan grows fast, the fruit quality is excellent, and the yield is high. High, the overall output of the citrus is beautiful in appearance, good in taste, long in harvest period, early in fruit and high in yield, and has a good prospect for popularization and application.

Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described, the patent owner can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the appended claims, as long as they do not exceed the protection scope described in the claims of the present invention, all should be covered by the present invention. within the scope of protection.

Claims (7)

1. planting green manure cultural method between a kind of fertile mandarin orange plantation, which comprises the following steps:

(1) plantation addressing and construction: the field in plantation is selected to meet home environment " three for soil, air, irrigation water quality The level land or depression of the mark of product one ", the plot that the field selection soil texture is good, soil layer is deep, fertile, and pH value is in 5.5- Between 6.5；The level of ground water in the level land or depression is at 1 meter or less；The field with have yellow twig citrus orchard straight line away from From not less than 1000 meters；The field is divided into 100-200 mus several cells；

(2) selection of seedling: the nursery stock with " three cards ", disease-free health is selected；The stock of the nursery stock be fragrant citrus or Fructus Aurantii, it is described The height of nursery stock is 0.5 meter or more, has the main branch of 3-4 item, 0.8 centimetre of stem thickness, well developed root system is without curling, without obvious mechanical damage Wound, no quarantine pest and disease damage；

(3) definite value:

A. it opens definite value cave: before the spring shoots sprout or before the aging rear summer bud sprouting of the spring tip, dig up and down, play good furrow, furrow face is wide 0.5-1.5 meters are differed, and open kind of a plant hole by spacing in the rows fixed point in furrow face, the cave length and width of this kind of plant hole is 0.5 meter each, depth 0.5-0.6 Rice；Gutter has been dug, 0.8 meter of ditch depth or more of the gutter；Described kind of 2.5-30 kilograms of biological organic fertilizer of plant hole embedment, and with Soil is sufficiently mixed, and the weight ratio of biological organic fertilizer and soil is 1:(5-15)；Calcium magnesium phosphate presses the 5% of biological organic fertilizer weight It launches；

B. nursery stock definite value: will trim before the field planting of the nursery stock, sterilize, and cultivate by seedling size fractionation subregion；Make the nursery stock Root mass is uniformly distributed, unfolds the described kind of plant hole center that stand on, and the rootstock of the nursery stock is above the ground level 20 centimetres, covers hack pressure Real, earthing cannot cover graft union, drench sufficient root water after plant at once and step on Miao Timiao, guarantee that root system and soil are in close contact, tree Disk covers moisturizing with weeds or ground cloth；

C. setting management: timely water drenching keeps ground moistening in several days after definite value, and the nursery stock will cut off leaf roll mounting portion branch Leaf covers disposable plastic cup at the nursery stock rootstock to mitigate rising dehydration；After the Survival rate of nursery stock, decomposed bran excrement is applied Water, the tip apply 2-4 fertilizer, prevent and treat pest and disease damage and main branch rudiment below of erasing in time, and discovery dead seedling will reseed in time；

(4) 3 years fertilizing methods after being colonized:

A. kind plants First Year fertilising: the balanced type Water soluble fertilizer that the nursery stock is 0.3% with 2.2 kilograms -2.6 kilograms of mass concentration It is applied by the leaching of water-fertilizer integral facility；And 15 grams of fertilizer are spread near the tree crown drip in the nursery stock, above-mentioned fertilizer is by weight Measuring portion rate includes: 0.25 part of 0.75 part+lime of 8 parts+phosphate fertilizer of fowl and animal excrement, 4 parts+mushroom slag, 2 parts+forage；Later put every time the tip by The above method applies 2-4 fertilizer, and as tree body expands, each above-mentioned fertilizer of applying gradually increases 0.5g；The each tip strong tip phase can tie Combination of syndromes pest control 1-2 foliar fertilizer of root outer spraying；

B. kind plants second year fertilising: with the fertilizing method of plantation First Year, dose gradually increases 0.5g, and the nursery stock is each Amount control is within 100 grams to fertilize, to prevent branch excessive growth；Nursery stock basal dressing before the Spring Festival is improved the soil progress in conjunction with cave is expanded, Every plant is applied 10-15 kilograms of biological organic fertilizer, 0.2-0.3 kilograms of compound fertilizer, and 0.3-0.5 kilograms of calcium magnesium phosphate, green manure weeds 0.3- Above-mentioned mixed fertilizer is mixed earthen backfill by 0.6 kilogram of mixed fertilizer；Soil applies biological organic fertilizer 10-12 thousand after the nursery stock autumn growth is aging Gram；

C. kind plants the fertilising of third year: if the third year nursery stock not fruiting after plantation, fertilizing method is the same as plantation second year Fertilizing method；Such as fruiting, carried out by bearing-age tree fertilizing method；

(5) earsh shaping and trimming: the nursery stock, which grows up to after earsh, will expand tree crown, carry out light pruning and it is short cut, each When the tip is aging, 20-25 centimetres short cut is stayed；The earsh upright for branch uses cord after young sprout is aging or before sprouting Major branch is drawn, solves rope after making the major branch and 50 ° -60 °, 25-30 days of the angle in field, major branch and the angle in field are extensive after lightening restrictions on Again it is 45 °, tree crown is made to open a business, and erases the branch of excessive growth in time and stock evil is sprouted；

(6) earsh control bud technology and flower thinning fruit technology:

A. spray and hormone and pour water: 11-12 month the last time earsh the tip prepare aging when spray gibberellic acid 100- The intermixture of 200ppm+300 times of urea solution sprays 1-2 times；If winter drought occur will pour water；

B. it applies instant nitrogenousfertilizer: applying instant nitrogenousfertilizer within 10-12 days before spring takes out the spring tip；

C. manual removal: extra bud is manually extractd in time；

(7) sward is planted between: planting the green manure of the short draft of pulse family between in the ranks in fruit tree according to season；Spring sows sesbania or crotalaria mucronata Or cowpea or cassia seed or daghestan sweet clover or Ageratum conyzoides；At the end of spring and the beginning of summer sow soya bean or rice bean or mung bean；Early summer sows paspalum notatum；Autumn Sow Trifolium repense or red clover or rattail fescue grass or general strong peppermint season；Winter sows Chinese milk vetch or blue flower sweet potato or common vetch or silkworm Beans or pea or rape or Radish；It is cradled if green manure growing height is greater than 5cm, the green manure overlay tree disk after cradling Or it combines and expands during cave improves the soil and place into the soil；The fertile Gan Shu for seriously easily causing root exposed for rain drop erosion carries out winter ridging, Ridging is every time with a thickness of 3-5 centimetres, and expands tree disk year by year；

(8) it cultivates healthy and strong autumn growth: starting to put the tip around the beginning of autumn, putting tip arrangement of time in early September mid-August-；Never illness Energetic tree and result yield suitably postponed less than the fruit tree of 30kg, be no more than at the latest by the end of September；Veteran of the growth greater than 10 years, The fruit tree of weak tree, result yield higher than 50kg of illness puts the tip ahead of time；

(9) result tree-pruning: when the line-spacing of fertile mandarin orange plant occurs closed, interlacing is carried out to fertile mandarin orange plant or every strain intermediate cutting or shifting It removes, increases seeding row spacing, the spreading angle for reducing limb quantity, keeping major branch；To the closed place of tree crown, wipe out vertical branch, the branch of excessive growth, Crossing branch makes tree body ventilation and penetrating light；

(10) pick: picking will stop pouring water for first 10 days；Rich bearing tree and weak tree will harvest ahead of time and in batches, and when harvesting will be in fine day It could fruit picking after dew is dry；Using two shear method of a fruit, i.e., first cuts and cuts at separating fruit base of a fruit 1-2cm, and second cuts the neat fruit of carpopodium Carpopodium is cut flat at shoulder；Selection no disease and pests harm, the fruit having no mechanical damage carry out Preservation Treatment, classification packaging；

(11) clear garden: to wiping out deadwood, sick branch when rudiment after fruit picking, cutting back crossing branch, the branch of excessive growth and decline branch, to wiping out Branch, fallen leaves to collect in time and harmless treatment, the garden Pen Qing medicament 1 time is at least wanted in full garden.

2. planting green manure cultural method between a kind of fertile mandarin orange plantation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the earsh is repaired Cut preceding pinching；After branch is aging, stay it is 25-40 centimetres short cut, promote next group young sprout and sprout, at long to 5-6 centimetres of sprouting according to Branch carries out bud picking in the position of tree body, selects the quantity of branch, direction, power, and 2-3 item point is only stayed on every base tip The reasonable healthy and strong bud of cloth.

3. planting green manure cultural method between a kind of fertile mandarin orange plantation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: set in the field There is shelter-forest.

4. planting green manure cultural method between a kind of fertile mandarin orange plantation according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the shelter-forest is Casuarina equisetifolia Plantation or fast-growing eucalyptus woods.

5. planting green manure cultural method between a kind of fertile mandarin orange plantation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the clear garden medicament Select lime sulfur or mineral oil or vegetable oil.

6. planting green manure cultural method between a kind of fertile mandarin orange plantation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the foliar fertilizer is Effective component accounts for the mixed fertilizer that gross mass is 20-50% boron, 30-40% magnesium sulfate, 10-30% amino acid, 1-15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

7. planting green manure cultural method between a kind of fertile mandarin orange plantation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the bearing-age tree is applied Fertile method fertilizer in terms of producing, 0.5-1.0 kilograms of purity nitrogen in terms of 50 kilograms of fruits of every production, N:P:K ratio is 1:(0.3-0.5): 1.5, according to Aforementioned proportion selects peanut press pulp, compound fertilizer, urea and potassium sulfate, and organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen application are than being 4.5:5.5.