CN105010083A - Transformation method for low-yield Camellia oleifera Abel forests - Google Patents
Transformation method for low-yield Camellia oleifera Abel forests Download PDFInfo
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- CN105010083A CN105010083A CN201510486972.0A CN201510486972A CN105010083A CN 105010083 A CN105010083 A CN 105010083A CN 201510486972 A CN201510486972 A CN 201510486972A CN 105010083 A CN105010083 A CN 105010083A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
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Abstract
The invention discloses a transformation method for low-yield Camellia oleifera Abel forests, and belongs to the technical field of forest culture and management. By taking the technical measures of pruning, reclamation, fertilization, canopy replacement and the like for old Camellia oleifera Abel forests, the Camellia oleifera Abel yield of the Camellia oleifera Abel forests is substantially increased, and the problems that for the old Camellia oleifera Abel forests, the number of parasitic branches is large, the forest form declines gradually, soil fertility is reduced, the yield is low and unstable, the land output rate is low, and land resources are wasted are effectively solved. The method includes the concrete steps of shaping and pruning, proper thinning, full cultivation and scarification reclamation, summer shallow hoeing and intertillage, fertilization, canopy replacement, sprout regeneration, pre-planting regeneration, enhancement of disease and pest prevention and treatment, and bee breeding in the forests. The method has the advantages that by taking the technical measures for the old Camellia oleifera Abel forests, the plant type of the Camellia oleifera Abel forests is rationalized, the number of robust branches is large, forest stand nutrition conditions are improved, soil fertility in the forests is improved, moisture is accumulated, diseases and pests are reduced, root extension is promoted, the pollination rate is increased, and therefore the yield of the Camellia oleifera Abel forests is substantially increased; the Camellia oleifera yield is increased to 35-45 kg per mu from 5-8 kg per mu and is increased by 5-8 times, the yield is high and stable, and therefore the high and stable yield effect is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention discloses a kind of economic forest low yield remodeling method, is specifically related to a kind of camellia oleifera lam low yield remodeling method, belongs to tending technique field.
Background technology
Oil tea, formal name used at school: Camellia oleifera Abel, belongs to Theaceae, evergreen dungarunga.Because of its seed can extract oil (tea oil) edible, therefore named.Oil tea whole body is precious, tea oil is one of universally acknowledged top-quality edible oil, its unsaturated fatty acid, linolenic acid and content of vitamin E are all higher than olive oil, promotion people's health is highly profitable, food and agricultural organization of united state is classified as the health type edible oil that emphasis is promoted, growing along with global Green consumption, tea oil is subject to the favor of consumers in general, and supply falls short of demand in domestic and international market.It is also a kind of non-drying oil simultaneously, can be processed into engine oil, the antirust wet goods of ironware, is again to manufacture the raw materials such as vaseline, soap, candle, be important outlet goods and materials, tea cake, after fermentation, can make fertilizer and insecticide, tea shell can alkaline, preparing active carbon, refines tannin.The oil tea four seasons are evergreen, leaf heavy leather matter, are the fine tree species building combat forest fires; The trunk of virgin forest, branch are farm implements, the good material of furniture and burning bavin fuel.
Oil tea main product south China each province, cultivation history is long, the camellia oleifera lam major part of present main producing region is all extremely plant at the beginning of liberation the pre-peaceful liberation period, and many age of trees are more than 40 years, and what have reaches 80 or nine ten years even more than 100 years, there is parasitic branch many, forest form is progressively decayed, and soil fertility declines, and yields poorly and unstable, labor productivity is low, the problem of waste land resources.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the defect existed for prior art, the invention provides a kind of camellia oleifera lam low yield remodeling method, answer by pruning to old camellia oleifera lam, cultivating, apply fertilizer, change a series of technical measures such as hat, make the tea oil output of camellia oleifera lam improve 35 ~ 45 kilograms from 5 ~ 8 kilograms every mu, turn over 5 ~ 8 times.
Technical scheme: for reaching goal of the invention, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
1, shape pruning: after receiving fruit annual winter, parasitic branch, withered branch, sick branch, water sprout are cut down, tea oil tree plant type is rationalized, and healthy and strong branch is many.
2, suitably sparsely fell: while shape pruning, cut down except inferior kind individual plant, sick worm strain, old and feeble strain and thin and delicate strain, every mu retains tea oil tree 100 ~ 110 strain, changes the ventilated printing opacity of full woods, improve effective branch number, to improve whole camellia oleifera lam area gross yield.
3, entirely cultivate loosen the soil cultivate multiple: to the place of old camellia oleifera lam distance trunk 20 ~ 30 ㎝ deep-cut loosen the soil cultivate multiple, the degree of depth 20 ~ 25 ㎝, within every 2 years, carry out once, note not hindering root system when digging ground, accomplish: grow into forest dark, treelet is more shallow, tree crown is outer dark, more shallow in tree crown, adopt according to the gradient in forest land difference and different cultivate compound formula, i.e. gradient < 15
0adopt and entirely cultivate mode; 15
0≤ the gradient≤25
0to adopt band shape to cultivate multiple in forest land; Gradient > 25
0employing cave cultivate.
4, shallow hoe intertillage in summer: annual summer carries out the intertillage of shallow hoe to old camellia oleifera lam, to regulate the correlation between soil moisture, air, temperature three, accelerate edaphon and organic matter decomposition, increase soil fertility, thus meeting the needs of Growth of Camellia oleifera growth, the shallow hoe degree of depth is 10 ~ 12 centimetres.
5, apply fertilizer: every strain executes 3 ~ 5 ㎏ farmyard manures, 0.5 ~ 1 ㎏ composite fertilizer, and method is above crown mapping edge, open half circular dressing furrow, the degree of depth 10 ~ 15 ㎝, width 15 ~ 20 ㎝, evenly puts into dressing furrow by after farmyard manure and composite fertilizer's mix and blend, then earthing.
6, change hat: carry out high position grafting to the between twenty and fifty tea oil tree of degenerating due to inferior strain or mismanagement and change hat, method is collection high yield and high quality elite stand branch is scion, adopts graft technology to carry out tea tree and changes hat.
7, Sprout reproduction: carry out in winter-spring season, sawed-off in liftoff 7 ~ 15 centimeters of veteran, then scabble saw kerf with scraper, be coated with one deck yellow mud, select and remain the rudiment bar 2 ~ 3 that overhead recently growing way is the most prosperous, all the other rudiment bars are erased entirely, also erase in time the coppice shoot sprouted successively later.
8, plant renewal in advance: to kind bad and through Sprout reproduction still not the old tea oil tree of high yield adopt the way of planting renewal in advance, namely adopt breeding seedlings, be selected in that veteran is other to be planted, after seedling is grown up, veteran is grubbed out, to change quality, improve output.
9, the control of damage by disease and insect is strengthened: oil tea disease mainly contains Oil Tea Anthracnose, Sooty mould, insect pest has oil tea caterpillar, biston marginata, weevil, oil tea poison moth etc., for different damage by disease and insect, will take different prophylactico-therapeutic measuress, once find that there is damage by disease and insect, accomplish except early, except less, except.
10, support honeybee in woods: every mu of camellia oleifera lam supports honeybee 8 ~ 10 case, and oil tea is entomophila flower-pollinating species, in woods, bee-keeping just can improve pollination rate, to improve output.
Beneficial effect: by taking a series of technical measures to old oil tea, camellia oleifera lam plant type is rationalized, and healthy and strong branch is many, improve standing forest nutritional condition, improve soil fertility in woods, accumulation moisture, reduce damage by disease and insect, promote that root system stretches, improve pollination rate, thus camellia oleifera lam output is increased considerably, tea oil output improves 35 ~ 45 kilograms from 5 ~ 8 kilograms every mu, turn over 5 ~ 8 times with, output is high and stable, reaches the effect of stable high yield.
Embodiment
Jacquard weave below two is specifically implemented example and is described in detail to technical solution of the present invention
embodiment1: a kind of camellia oleifera lam low yield remodeling method, concrete steps are as follows:
1, shape pruning: after receiving fruit annual winter, parasitic branch, withered branch, sick branch, water sprout are cut down, tea oil tree plant type is rationalized, and healthy and strong branch is many.
2, suitably sparsely fell: while shape pruning, cut down except inferior kind individual plant, sick worm strain, old and feeble strain and thin and delicate strain, every mu retains tea oil tree 100 ~ 105 strain, changes the ventilated printing opacity of full woods, improve effective branch number, to improve whole camellia oleifera lam area gross yield.
3, entirely cultivate loosen the soil cultivate multiple: to the place of old camellia oleifera lam distance trunk 20 ㎝ deep-cut loosen the soil cultivate multiple, the degree of depth 20 ㎝, within every 2 years, carry out once, note not hindering root system when digging ground, accomplish: grow into forest dark, treelet is more shallow, tree crown is outer dark, more shallow in tree crown, adopt according to the gradient in forest land difference and different cultivate compound formula, i.e. gradient < 15
0adopt and entirely cultivate mode; 15
0≤ the gradient≤25
0to adopt band shape to cultivate multiple in forest land; Gradient > 25
0employing cave cultivate.
4, shallow hoe intertillage in summer: annual summer carries out the intertillage of shallow hoe to old camellia oleifera lam, and the degree of depth is 10 centimetres.
5, apply fertilizer: every strain executes 3 ㎏ farmyard manures, 0.5 ㎏ composite fertilizer, and method is above crown mapping edge, open half circular dressing furrow, the degree of depth 10 ㎝, and width 15 ㎝ evenly puts into dressing furrow by after farmyard manure and composite fertilizer's mix and blend, then earthing.
6, change hat: carry out high position grafting to the between twenty and fifty tea oil tree of degenerating due to inferior strain or mismanagement and change hat, method is collection high yield and high quality elite stand branch is scion, adopts graft technology to carry out tea tree and changes hat.
7, Sprout reproduction: carry out in winter-spring season, sawed-off in liftoff 7 ~ 10 centimeters of veteran, then scabble saw kerf with scraper, be coated with one deck yellow mud, select and remain the rudiment bar 2 that overhead recently growing way is the most prosperous, all the other rudiment bars are erased entirely, also erase in time the coppice shoot sprouted successively later.
8, plant renewal in advance: to kind bad and through Sprout reproduction still not the old tea oil tree of high yield adopt the way of planting renewal in advance, namely adopt breeding seedlings, be selected in that veteran is other to be planted, after seedling is grown up, veteran is grubbed out, to change quality, improve output.
9, the control of damage by disease and insect is strengthened: oil tea disease mainly contains Oil Tea Anthracnose, Sooty mould, insect pest has oil tea caterpillar, biston marginata, weevil, oil tea poison moth etc., for different damage by disease and insect, will take different prophylactico-therapeutic measuress, once find that there is damage by disease and insect, accomplish except early, except less, except.
10, support honeybee in woods: every mu of camellia oleifera lam supports honeybee 8 case, and oil tea is entomophila flower-pollinating species, in woods, bee-keeping just can improve pollination rate, to improve output.
embodiment 2:a kind of camellia oleifera lam low yield remodeling method, comprises the following steps:
1, shape pruning: after receiving fruit annual winter, parasitic branch, withered branch, sick branch, water sprout are cut down, tea oil tree plant type is rationalized, and healthy and strong branch is many.
2, suitably sparsely fell: while shape pruning, cut down except inferior kind individual plant, sick worm strain, old and feeble strain and thin and delicate strain, every mu retains tea oil tree 105 ~ 110 strain, changes the ventilated printing opacity of full woods, improve effective branch number, to improve whole camellia oleifera lam area gross yield.
3, entirely cultivate loosen the soil cultivate multiple: to the place of old camellia oleifera lam distance trunk 30 ㎝ deep-cut loosen the soil cultivate multiple, the degree of depth 25 ㎝, within every 2 years, carry out once, note not hindering root system when digging ground, accomplish: grow into forest dark, treelet is more shallow, tree crown is outer dark, more shallow in tree crown, adopt according to the gradient in forest land difference and different cultivate compound formula, i.e. gradient < 15
0adopt and entirely cultivate mode; 15
0≤ the gradient≤25
0to adopt band shape to cultivate multiple in forest land; Gradient > 25
0employing cave cultivate.
4, shallow hoe intertillage in summer: annual summer carries out the intertillage of shallow hoe to old camellia oleifera lam, and the degree of depth is 12 centimetres.
5, apply fertilizer: every strain executes 5 ㎏ farmyard manures, 1 ㎏ composite fertilizer, and method is above crown mapping edge, open half circular dressing furrow, the degree of depth 15 ㎝, and width 20 ㎝ evenly puts into dressing furrow by after farmyard manure and composite fertilizer's mix and blend, then earthing.
6, change hat: carry out high position grafting to the between twenty and fifty tea oil tree of degenerating due to inferior strain or mismanagement and change hat, method is collection high yield and high quality elite stand branch is scion, adopts graft technology to carry out tea tree and changes hat.
7, Sprout reproduction: carry out in winter-spring season, sawed-off in liftoff 10 ~ 15 centimeters of veteran, then scabble saw kerf with scraper, be coated with one deck yellow mud, select and remain the rudiment bar 3 that overhead recently growing way is the most prosperous, all the other rudiment bars are erased entirely, also erase in time the coppice shoot sprouted successively later.
8, plant renewal in advance: to kind bad and through Sprout reproduction still not the old tea oil tree of high yield adopt the way of planting renewal in advance, namely adopt breeding seedlings, be selected in that veteran is other to be planted, after seedling is grown up, veteran is grubbed out, to change quality, improve output.
9, the control of damage by disease and insect is strengthened: oil tea disease mainly contains Oil Tea Anthracnose, Sooty mould, insect pest has oil tea caterpillar, biston marginata, weevil, oil tea poison moth etc., for different damage by disease and insect, will take different prophylactico-therapeutic measuress, once find that there is damage by disease and insect, accomplish except early, except less, except.
10, support honeybee in woods: every mu of camellia oleifera lam supports honeybee 10 case, and oil tea is entomophila flower-pollinating species, in woods, bee-keeping just can improve pollination rate, to improve output.
Claims (4)
1. a camellia oleifera lam low yield remodeling method, is characterized in that comprising following concrete steps:
(1) shape pruning: after receiving fruit annual winter, parasitic branch, withered branch, sick branch, water sprout are cut down, tea oil tree plant type is rationalized, and healthy and strong branch is many;
(2) suitably sparsely fell: while shape pruning, cut down except inferior kind individual plant, sick worm strain, old and feeble strain and thin and delicate strain, every mu retains reasonable strain number, changes the ventilated printing opacity of full woods, improve effective branch number, to improve whole camellia oleifera lam area gross yield;
(3) entirely cultivate loosen the soil cultivate multiple: to the place of old camellia oleifera lam distance trunk 20 ~ 30 ㎝ deep-cut loosen the soil cultivate multiple, the degree of depth 20 ~ 25 ㎝, within every 2 years, carry out once, note not hindering root system when digging ground, accomplish: grow into forest dark, treelet is more shallow, tree crown is outer dark, more shallow in tree crown, adopt according to the gradient in forest land difference and different cultivate compound formula, i.e. gradient < 15
0adopt and entirely cultivate mode; 15
0≤ the gradient≤25
0to adopt band shape to cultivate multiple in forest land; Gradient > 25
0employing cave cultivate;
(4) shallow hoe intertillage in summer: annual summer carries out the intertillage of shallow hoe to old camellia oleifera lam, the degree of depth 10 ~ 12 centimetres;
(5) apply fertilizer: every strain executes 3 ~ 5 ㎏ farmyard manures, 0.5 ~ 1 ㎏ composite fertilizer, and method is above crown mapping edge, open half circular dressing furrow, the degree of depth 10 ~ 15 ㎝, width 15 ~ 20 ㎝, evenly puts into dressing furrow by after farmyard manure and composite fertilizer's mix and blend, then earthing;
(6) change hat: carry out high position grafting to the between twenty and fifty tea oil tree of degenerating due to inferior strain or mismanagement and change hat, method is collection high yield and high quality elite stand branch is scion, adopts graft technology to carry out tea tree and changes hat;
(7) Sprout reproduction: carry out in winter-spring season, sawed-off in liftoff 7 ~ 15 centimeters of veteran, then scabble saw kerf with scraper, be coated with one deck yellow mud, select and remain the rudiment bar 2 ~ 3 that overhead recently growing way is the most prosperous, all the other rudiment bars are erased entirely, also erase in time the coppice shoot sprouted successively later;
(8) plant renewal in advance: to kind bad and through Sprout reproduction still not the old tea oil tree of high yield adopt the way of planting renewal in advance, namely adopt breeding seedlings, be selected in that veteran is other to be planted, after seedling is grown up, veteran is grubbed out.
2. camellia oleifera lam low yield remodeling method according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising the control that step (9) strengthens damage by disease and insect: oil tea disease mainly contains Oil Tea Anthracnose, Sooty mould, insect pest has oil tea caterpillar, biston marginata, weevil, oil tea poison moth etc., will for different damage by disease and insect, take different prophylactico-therapeutic measuress, once find that there is damage by disease and insect, accomplish except early, except less, except.
3. camellia oleifera lam low yield remodeling method according to claim 2, characterized by further comprising in step (10) woods and supports honeybee: every mu of camellia oleifera lam supports honeybee 8 ~ 10 case.
4. camellia oleifera lam low yield remodeling method according to claim 3, is characterized in that the reasonable strain number of described step (2) is 100 ~ 110 strains.
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105850658A (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2016-08-17 | 常德市鼎城区林业局 | Low-yield camellia oleifera abel forest transformation method |
| CN106069472A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-11-09 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | A kind of method solving aged closing macadimia nut garden low yield poor efficiency |
| CN106105934A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-11-16 | 枞阳县金社乡云岭油茶种植农民专业合作社 | A kind of low-yield large area camellia oleifera lam renovation technique |
| CN106258330A (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2017-01-04 | 浦北五皇山农业科技有限公司 | The bush type culture method of tea in one elite stand |
| CN106495938A (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2017-03-15 | 耒阳市金鑫农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of fertilizer suitable for camellia oleifera lam |
| CN107155786A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-09-15 | 湖北省龙湖源木本油料开发有限公司 | Organic oil tea place comprehensive high-efficiency cultural method |
| CN107251722A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2017-10-17 | 韦健 | A kind of Low-yielding Chinese Chestnut Plantations comprehensive reformation method based on rational application of fertilizers |
| CN107593243A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-01-19 | 太湖县纯野生态茶油有限责任公司 | Transformation of Oiltea Camellia Low-yield Forest method |
| CN111386949A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2020-07-10 | 株洲市地杰现代农业有限责任公司 | Pollution-free control method for diseases and insect pests of camellia oleifera |
| CN112703950A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2021-04-27 | 赣州市林业科学研究所 | Simple and easy rejuvenation method for low-efficiency camellia oleifera trees |
| CN113812294A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-12-21 | 溆浦县峰源农林开发有限公司 | Transformation method for transforming lithocarpus polystachyus leaf forest into lithocarpus polystachyus woody grain forest |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105850658A (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2016-08-17 | 常德市鼎城区林业局 | Low-yield camellia oleifera abel forest transformation method |
| CN106069472A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-11-09 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | A kind of method solving aged closing macadimia nut garden low yield poor efficiency |
| CN106069472B (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2019-01-11 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | A method of it is inefficient to solve aged closing Queensland nut garden low yield |
| CN106105934A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-11-16 | 枞阳县金社乡云岭油茶种植农民专业合作社 | A kind of low-yield large area camellia oleifera lam renovation technique |
| CN107251722A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2017-10-17 | 韦健 | A kind of Low-yielding Chinese Chestnut Plantations comprehensive reformation method based on rational application of fertilizers |
| CN106258330A (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2017-01-04 | 浦北五皇山农业科技有限公司 | The bush type culture method of tea in one elite stand |
| CN106495938A (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2017-03-15 | 耒阳市金鑫农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of fertilizer suitable for camellia oleifera lam |
| CN107155786A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-09-15 | 湖北省龙湖源木本油料开发有限公司 | Organic oil tea place comprehensive high-efficiency cultural method |
| CN107593243A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-01-19 | 太湖县纯野生态茶油有限责任公司 | Transformation of Oiltea Camellia Low-yield Forest method |
| CN112703950A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2021-04-27 | 赣州市林业科学研究所 | Simple and easy rejuvenation method for low-efficiency camellia oleifera trees |
| CN111386949A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2020-07-10 | 株洲市地杰现代农业有限责任公司 | Pollution-free control method for diseases and insect pests of camellia oleifera |
| CN113812294A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-12-21 | 溆浦县峰源农林开发有限公司 | Transformation method for transforming lithocarpus polystachyus leaf forest into lithocarpus polystachyus woody grain forest |
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Application publication date: 20151104 |