CN107251722A - A kind of Low-yielding Chinese Chestnut Plantations comprehensive reformation method based on rational application of fertilizers - Google Patents
A kind of Low-yielding Chinese Chestnut Plantations comprehensive reformation method based on rational application of fertilizers Download PDFInfo
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- CN107251722A CN107251722A CN201610609319.3A CN201610609319A CN107251722A CN 107251722 A CN107251722 A CN 107251722A CN 201610609319 A CN201610609319 A CN 201610609319A CN 107251722 A CN107251722 A CN 107251722A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of Low-yielding Chinese Chestnut Plantations comprehensive reformation method based on rational application of fertilizers, belongs to tending technique field.Nutrient diagnosis and the key measures that rational application of fertilizers technology is the transformation of Low-yielding Chinese Chestnut Plantations woods; by carrying out based on rational application of fertilizers; be aided with shaping, trimming, forest land simultaneously and cultivate the transformation for the comprehensive technical measure such as covering, specifically include forest form adjustment, appropriateness cultivate cover, rational application of fertilizers, flower and fruit protecting, six steps of the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.Efficiently solve old chestnut wood have that parasitic branch is more, forest form is progressively decayed, soil fertility declines, yielded poorly and unstable, labor productivity is low, waste land resource the problem of.Make low yield chestnut wood effect of increasing production substantially, implement transformation the 3rd year, 236.8 kilograms of the fresh Chinese chestnut of demonstration forest average yield per mu, than 91.2 kilograms of control volume increase, rate of growth is up to 62.6%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tending technique field, and in particular to a kind of Low-yielding Chinese Chestnut Plantations comprehensive reformation side based on rational application of fertilizers
Method.
Background technology
Donglan County is one of national Chinese chestnut main producing region and " township of Chinese Chestnut " Chinese chestnut, existing chestnut wood area nearly 250,000
Mu, arranges Guangxi Chinese chestnut Foresty industry area first, is that Guangxi Chinese chestnut produces one of big county.For a long time, due to Cultivars of Chinese Chestnut with
Seedling propagation is in the majority, extensive management, very different between individual plant, and nut size is uneven, and quality differs, and yield difference is very big, big portion
Divide Chinese chestnut tree economic use value low, cause county's Chinese chestnut production to be in low-level, 40% chestnut wood area enters declining period, produce
Amount is low, and the output value is few, and world chestnut industry economic benefit is not fully demonstrated；Donglan County is classified as Guangxi plate by the Ministry of Science and Technology within 2010
Chestnut industrial emphases science and technology demonstration county, it is urgent that the masses produce Science ＆ Technology Demands to Chinese chestnut；Due to existing Chinese chestnut management and production scientific and technological content
It is not high, think little of fertilising, variet complexity, do not deeply prune, fruit-setting rate is low, pest and disease damage is popular etc., and reason causes showing for Low-yielding Chinese Chestnut Plantations
As, carry out the purpose that transformation is extremely difficult to high yield if only by single cultivation technique, take integrated Chinese chestnut rational application of fertilizers,
The advanced and applicable technologies such as high-grafting, pruning, flower and fruit protecting, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, can just greatly improve Chinese chestnut yield；This is low
The implementation of renovation technique is produced, an agricultural technology problem of low yield Chinese chestnut transformation is efficiently solved, promotes to promote world chestnut industry
Development.
The content of the invention
The defect existed for prior art, the present invention provides a kind of Low-yielding Chinese Chestnut Plantations comprehensive reformation based on rational application of fertilizers
Method, by old chestnut wood is pruned, cultivated answer, apply fertilizer, change hat etc. a series of technical measures, make the yield of chestnut wood significantly
Improve.
A kind of Low-yielding Chinese Chestnut Plantations comprehensive reformation method based on rational application of fertilizers comprises the following steps：
First, forest form is adjusted：
1st, thick forest is sparselyed fell:While forest land is cleared up, overstocked chestnut wood is sparselyed fell, cut down except inferior kind individual plant, disease pest
Strain, aging strain and thin and delicate strain, branches and leaves are not overlapping between making plant, not crowded, keep rational light transmittance（Canopy density 0.7~0.8
It is advisable）, can have between strain in row 10% or so tree crown handing-over；Change the ventilated printing opacity of full woods, improve effective branch number, to improve
Whole chestnut wood area total output；
2nd, pruning：Mainly tree crown formed after trimming, that is, cultivate again it is preceding trimmed to implement the low Chinese chestnut tree changed,
Based on pruning off, sick branch, the branch of excessive growth, overstocked branch, deadwood and root are wiped out（The root and stem of certain plants）Clump branch is sprouted, to major branch, the knot on side shoot top
The female branch of fruit alternately bounces back；During trimming will because of tree suiting measures to different conditions, cut it is close stay dilute, go it is weak stay strong, form rational tree management, healthy and strong branch
It is many；
2nd, appropriateness, which is cultivated, covers：
Chinese chestnut grows into forest large area volume increase, moderately cultivates that to cover be important means.While carrying out Chinese chestnut individual plant tending management, for soil property
Poor, soil hardening and the gradient are less than 150Standing forest, to carry out appropriateness and cultivate and cover, to improve the permeability of soil, improve soil property,
Root system is updated, promotes the growth of Chinese chestnut tree.The larger chestnut wood of the gradient preferably band is cultivated or not cultivated, with anti-erosion；
1st, Quan Ken：The Chinese chestnut woodland gradient is 150It is following, using cultivating entirely.I.e. forest land is digged comprehensively, deep-cut 20 outside tree crown~
It is shallow in 30cm, hat to cultivate 10~15cm；
2nd, band is cultivated：The forest land gradient is 150~250Cultivated with band.Cultivated entirely by horizontal direction banding, one section is stayed not between band and band
The straw cord cultivated；Cultivate the wide 6~9m of coverlay, the wide 3~5m of straw cord, and cultivate soil that a wide about 50cm, high about 20~30cm are built with lower section
Make water conservation soil conservation band in the ridge.20~30cm will be deep-cut comprehensively by cultivating in band, surgery shrub and weeds；
3rd, summer shallow hoe intertillage：Annual summer carries out shallow hoe to old chestnut wood and intertilled, to adjust soil moisture, air, temperature
Correlation between three, accelerates edaphon and organic matter decomposition, increases soil fertility, so as to meet Chinese chestnut growth hair
The need for educating, shallow hoe depth is 10~12 centimetres；
3rd, rational application of fertilizers：The blade and timbered soil sample for gathering demonstration pilot project Chinese chestnut are analyzed, determined, and have grasped soil confession
Fertile ability and plant nutrient status, according to soil and leaf nutrient diagnostic result, formulation section the need for being grown with reference to Chinese chestnut
Rational fertilizer formula is learned, implements low yield transformation；
1. formula is constituted：Based on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, addition Chinese chestnut growth develops necessary various trace elements；
2. processing mode：For save cost, by various raw materials transport to scene carry out in proportion it is now with the current；
3. fertilization time and consumption：First time fertilization time is March then, and average every plant is applied 4 kilograms of formula fertilizer, second
Fertilization time is April next year, and average every plant is applied 4 kilograms of formula fertilizer；Annual winter combines clear garden applications of farmyard manure one simultaneously
It is secondary, 20 kilograms every plant；
4. fertilizing method：1.2m annular grooves are opened above the peripheral slope of tree crown, the straight of long 0.8~1.0m length is respectively opened on tree crown both sides
Fertilizer is uniformly sprinkled into after dressing furrow, returns hack by ditch, furrow width 30cm, deep 10~20cm, every 1.6-2 kilograms of ditch spread formula fertilizer
Tread；
4th, hat is changed：High position grafting is carried out to the between twenty and fifty Chinese chestnut tree degenerated due to inferior strain or mismanagement and changes hat, method is
It is scion to gather high yield and high quality elite stand branch, and carrying out tea tree using graft technology changes hat；
5th, flower and fruit protecting：
1st, apply fertilizer：Urea 300g-400g and general calcium 200g-300g are applied in fertile strain before spring is spent, and borax is spread fertilizer over the fields on every square metre of ground
6g-7g.1 0.2% borax soln of every 10 days of florescence spray, 0.3% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor, connect spray twice, with
Raising phase fruit-setting rate；1 0.3% urea, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate were sprayed every 20 days in fruit growth period, to promote branches and leaves and fruit
Grow in fact；July the luxuriant expanding stage of fruit, strain applies fruit-promoting fertilizer, three element compound fertilizer 0.7kg-1kg；Sufficient in often fat source
Area, rainy season directly pushes green manure in tree, and every plant of 100kg-150kg, middle treelet 50kg are set greatly, with false indigo, the twigs of the chaste tree and mountain grass
Tender leaf based on, cut up with a hay cutter broken, in tree crown periphery place dig a 60cm depth, ditch wide 30cm, layering by branches and leaves embedment ditch in, can
Increase the soil organism, improve soil texture, enhancing growth of mycorrhiza and absorbability, improve soil water storage fertilizer-preserving ability；
2nd, trim：Carry out the winter to cut and cut work with the summer, growing way prosperous extension branch and intensive thin and delicate branch excessively is removed in time, leads to tree body
Wind printing opacity, spring carries out control shoot and smears tip work, inspires second branch；Overstocked weak male flower inflorescence excessively is wiped out as early as possible, in female flower
Fruitful branch cutting back or pinching at female flower inflorescence above 3-4 sections；Do not bloom all the year round or open out the prosperous card chestnut iron wire of male flower
The bundle major branch 1-2 that hangs is enclosed, or promotes flower amount to be formed with female flower using helical form girdling；Iron wire hangs to prick to be carried out month in and month out in 8-9, in next year
Released before tree body rudiment；Girdling carves wound in the progress of the 9-10 months, it is impossible to injure xylem；
3rd, fruit retention：Chinese chestnut is should to plant two or more pollinated variety in geitonogamy fruit tree, orchard, with profit pollination；Kind
When single, carry out artificial pollination fruit retention, during before full-bloom stage is when without the rainy day morning 10 or afternoon 3 after gather male flower artificial pollination,
Tree body compared with or the height of tree it is big when, the starch that 3-4 times is loaded in mixture with gauze bag shakes pollination in tree crown, per 3-4 days pollination 1 time, continuously
Twice；Timely fruit thinning is wanted when Chinese chestnut bears fruit more, leaf-fruit ratio is controlled 20:1-25:1；1-2 fruit bud, flower are stayed on middle fruit spur
Stay 2-3 fruit bud on fruit branch, growth it is strong stay middle part fruit, fruit spur tip fruit is dredged and goes small-sized, lopsided, overstocked, disease pest and sky bud
Really；
4th, honeybee is supported in woods：Every mu of chestnut wood supports the case of honeybee 8~10, and Chinese chestnut is entomophila flower-pollinating species, is supported in woods
Honeybee can improve pollination rate, to improve yield；
6th, the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage is strengthened：Chafer prevents and treats：Manual catching and killing, occurs the phase, using its seemingly-dead feature in Huang in adult
The trunk that shaken when muddy catches and kills adult；Light trap, utilizes the light feature black light lamps that become;Occurance peak is gone out with 20% sweeps sharp breast
Oily 800 times of liquid tree crowns of 2000 times of liquid or 90% metrifonate are sprayed；Longicorn prevents and treats：Adult is catched and killed in 5-August adult full incidence period, is checked
Trunk, strikes off ovum grain or 200 times of acephatemet mud oars of painting are anti-into early spawning.As formed worm channel, with 10 times of DDVP liquid hand-holes
Road is simultaneously smoked with soil envelope hole and kills or kill larva with thin cleek；Lachus tropicalis is prevented and treated：Winter scrapes bark and eliminates hibernating egg, if adult,
The worm phase sprays 1500-2000 times of 40% Rogor or 4000-5000 times of 18 AVMs, 2.5% 3000 times of decis liquid, not yet ties
The treelet of fruit is watered 5 ~ 8 times with 40% dimethoate emulsion and applies dry.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：Nutrient diagnosis is arranged with the key technology that rational application of fertilizers technology is the transformation of Low-yielding Chinese Chestnut Plantations woods
Apply, by carrying out based on rational application of fertilizers, while being aided with shaping, trimming, forest land cultivates the transformation for the comprehensive technical measure such as covering, low yield
Chestnut wood effect of increasing production is obvious.Implement transformation the 3rd year, 236.8 kilograms of the fresh Chinese chestnut of demonstration forest average yield per mu, than control volume increase
91.2 kilograms, rate of growth is up to 62.6%.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of Low-yielding Chinese Chestnut Plantations comprehensive reformation method based on rational application of fertilizers, it is characterised in that including step in detail below：
First, forest form is adjusted：
（1）Thick forest is sparselyed fell:While forest land is cleared up, overstocked chestnut wood is sparselyed fell, cut down except inferior kind individual plant, disease
Worm strain, aging strain and thin and delicate strain, branches and leaves are not overlapping between making plant, not crowded, keep rational light transmittance（Canopy density 0.7~
0.8 is advisable）, can have between strain in row 10% or so tree crown handing-over；Change the ventilated printing opacity of full woods, effective branch number is improved, to carry
High whole chestnut wood area total output；
（2）Pruning：Mainly tree crown formed after trimming, that is, cultivate again it is preceding trimmed to implement the low Chinese chestnut tree changed,
Based on pruning off, wipe out sick branch, the branch of excessive growth, overstocked branch, deadwood and root and sprout clump branch, the result to major branch, side shoot top is female
Branch alternately bounces back；During trimming will because of tree suiting measures to different conditions, cut it is close stay dilute, go it is weak stay strong, form rational tree management, healthy and strong branch is more；
2nd, appropriateness, which is cultivated, covers：Chinese chestnut grows into forest large area volume increase, moderately cultivates that to cover be important means；Carry out Chinese chestnut individual plant tending management
Simultaneously for soil property is poor, the soil hardening and gradient is less than 150Standing forest, to carry out appropriateness and cultivate and cover, to improve the penetrating of soil
Property, soil property is improved, root system is updated, promotes the growth of Chinese chestnut tree；The larger chestnut wood of the gradient preferably band is cultivated or not cultivated, to prevent water and soil stream
Lose；Quan Ken：The Chinese chestnut woodland gradient is 150It is following, using cultivating entirely；I.e. forest land is digged comprehensively, and 20~30cm is deep-cut outside tree crown, hat
It is interior shallow to cultivate 10~15cm；Band is cultivated：The forest land gradient is 150~250Cultivated with band；Cultivated entirely by horizontal direction banding, between band and band
Stay one section of straw cord do not cultivated；Cultivate the wide 6~9m of coverlay, the wide 3~5m of straw cord, and cultivate band lower section build a wide about 50cm, it is high by about 20~
The 30cm low bank of earth between fields makees water conservation soil conservation band；20~30cm will be deep-cut comprehensively by cultivating in band, surgery shrub and weeds；Summer shallow hoe intertillage：
Annual summer carries out shallow hoe to old chestnut wood and intertilled, to adjust the correlation between soil moisture, air, temperature three, plus
Fast edaphon and organic matter decomposition, increase soil fertility, so that the need for meeting Chinese chestnut growth development, shallow hoe depth is 10
~12 centimetres；
3rd, rational application of fertilizers：The blade and timbered soil sample for gathering demonstration pilot project Chinese chestnut are analyzed, determined, and have grasped soil confession
Fertile ability and plant nutrient status, according to soil and leaf nutrient diagnostic result, formulation section the need for being grown with reference to Chinese chestnut
Rational fertilizer formula is learned, implements low yield transformation；
1. formula is constituted：Based on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, addition Chinese chestnut growth develops necessary various trace elements；
2. processing mode：For save cost, by various raw materials transport to scene carry out in proportion it is now with the current；
3. fertilization time and consumption：First time fertilization time is March then, and average every plant is applied 4 kilograms of formula fertilizer, second
Fertilization time is April next year, and average every plant is applied 4 kilograms of formula fertilizer；Annual winter combines clear garden applications of farmyard manure one simultaneously
It is secondary, 20 kilograms every plant；
4. fertilizing method：1.2m annular grooves are opened above the peripheral slope of tree crown, the straight of long 0.8~1.0m length is respectively opened on tree crown both sides
Fertilizer is uniformly sprinkled into after dressing furrow, returns hack by ditch, furrow width 30cm, deep 10~20cm, every 1.6-2 kilograms of ditch spread formula fertilizer
Tread；
4th, hat is changed：High position grafting is carried out to the between twenty and fifty Chinese chestnut tree degenerated due to inferior strain or mismanagement and changes hat, method is
It is scion to gather high yield and high quality elite stand branch, and carrying out tea tree using graft technology changes hat；
5th, flower and fruit protecting：
（1）Fertilising：Urea 300g-400g and general calcium 200g-300g are applied in fertile strain before spring is spent, and borax is spread fertilizer over the fields on every square metre of ground
6g-7g；1 0.2% borax soln of every 10 days of florescence spray, 0.3% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor, connect spray twice, with
Raising phase fruit-setting rate；1 0.3% urea, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate were sprayed every 20 days in fruit growth period, to promote branches and leaves and fruit
Grow in fact；July the luxuriant expanding stage of fruit, strain applies fruit-promoting fertilizer, three element compound fertilizer 0.7kg-1kg；Sufficient in often fat source
Area, rainy season directly pushes green manure in tree, and every plant of 100kg-150kg, middle treelet 50kg are set greatly, with false indigo, the twigs of the chaste tree and mountain grass
Tender leaf based on, cut up with a hay cutter broken, in tree crown periphery place dig a 60cm depth, ditch wide 30cm, layering by branches and leaves embedment ditch in, can
Increase the soil organism, improve soil texture, enhancing growth of mycorrhiza and absorbability, improve soil water storage fertilizer-preserving ability；
（2）Trimming：Carry out the winter to cut and cut work with the summer, growing way prosperous extension branch and intensive thin and delicate branch excessively is removed in time, makes tree body
Ventilation and penetrating light, spring carries out control shoot and smears tip work, inspires second branch；Overstocked weak male flower inflorescence excessively is wiped out as early as possible, in female flower
Fruitful branch cutting back or pinching at female flower inflorescence above 3-4 sections；Do not bloom all the year round or open out the prosperous card chestnut iron of male flower
Silk is hung bundle major branch 1-2 circle, or promotes flower amount and female flower to be formed using helical form girdling；Iron wire hangs to prick to be carried out month in and month out in 8-9, next
Released before year tree body rudiment；Girdling carves wound in the progress of the 9-10 months, it is impossible to injure xylem；
（3）Fruit retention：Chinese chestnut is should to plant two or more pollinated variety in geitonogamy fruit tree, orchard, with profit pollination；Kind
When single, carry out artificial pollination fruit retention, during before full-bloom stage is when without the rainy day morning 10 or afternoon 3 after gather male flower artificial pollination,
Tree body compared with or the height of tree it is big when, the starch that 3-4 times is loaded in mixture with gauze bag shakes pollination in tree crown, per 3-4 days pollination 1 time, continuously
Twice；Timely fruit thinning is wanted when Chinese chestnut bears fruit more, leaf-fruit ratio is controlled 20:1-25:1；1-2 fruit bud, flower are stayed on middle fruit spur
Stay 2-3 fruit bud on fruit branch, growth it is strong stay middle part fruit, fruit spur tip fruit is dredged and goes small-sized, lopsided, overstocked, disease pest and sky bud
Really；
（4）Honeybee is supported in woods：Every mu of chestnut wood supports the case of honeybee 8~10, and Chinese chestnut is entomophila flower-pollinating species, is supported in woods
Honeybee can improve pollination rate, to improve yield；
6th, the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage is strengthened：Chafer prevents and treats：Manual catching and killing, occurs the phase, using its seemingly-dead feature in Huang in adult
The trunk that shaken when muddy catches and kills adult；Light trap, utilizes the light feature black light lamps that become;Occurance peak is gone out with 20% sweeps sharp breast
Oily 800 times of liquid tree crowns of 2000 times of liquid or 90% metrifonate are sprayed；Longicorn prevents and treats：Adult is catched and killed in 5-August adult full incidence period, is checked
Trunk, strikes off ovum grain or 200 times of acephatemet mud oars of painting are anti-into early spawning；As formed worm channel, with 10 times of DDVP liquid hand-holes
Road is simultaneously smoked with soil envelope hole and kills or kill larva with thin cleek；Lachus tropicalis is prevented and treated：Winter scrapes bark and eliminates hibernating egg, if adult,
The worm phase sprays 1500-2000 times of 40% Rogor or 4000-5000 times of 18 AVMs, 2.5% 3000 times of decis liquid, not yet ties
The treelet of fruit is watered 5 ~ 8 times with 40% dimethoate emulsion and applies dry.
2. the chestnut wood low yield remodeling method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the rational application of fertilizers described in step 3
Add the necessary various trace elements of Chinese chestnut growth development and be mainly borax and copper sulphate, formula fertilizer formula is：Urea（Contain
N46%）25%, potassium chloride 15%, calcium and magnesium phosphorus 57%, copper sulphate 0.5%, borax 2.5%.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN110050626A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-26 | 攀枝花市农林科学研究院 | A kind of mango tree crown update cultural method |
| CN110463530A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-19 | 贵州省金源泰达食品开发有限责任公司 | A kind of continuous cropping midwifery method of passion fruit |
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