CN113317123A - Toadstool small arch shed cultivation film covering method - Google Patents
Toadstool small arch shed cultivation film covering method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113317123A CN113317123A CN202110786687.6A CN202110786687A CN113317123A CN 113317123 A CN113317123 A CN 113317123A CN 202110786687 A CN202110786687 A CN 202110786687A CN 113317123 A CN113317123 A CN 113317123A
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- morchella
- cultivation
- moisture
- soil
- film covering
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of toadstool film covering, and discloses a toadstool small arch shed cultivation film covering method, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting a field for cultivating and laminating the film; s2, carrying out rotary tillage on the cultivated land preparation; s3, building a sunshade; s4, sowing and earthing; s5, arranging bags for enrichment, promoting hypha growth and twisting to form sclerotium; s6, keeping the compartment surface moisture sufficient, and then laminating; s7, managing the moisture of the planting area; and S8, harvesting mature mushrooms at proper time, and processing the collected morchella. According to the cultivation and film covering method for the morchella esculenta in the small arched shed, the morchella esculenta is covered with the film, so that the morchella esculenta can be moisturized, waterlogged and prevented from being shaded to inhibit weeds during cultivation, overgrowth of accumulated temperature control 'fungus frost' can be accelerated, fruiting is promoted, manual management cost can be effectively saved through the method, and the effect of keeping soil moisture is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of toadstool film covering, in particular to a toadstool small arch shed cultivation film covering method.
Background
The seeding time of the morchella esculenta is selected to be stable at 10-18 ℃, the Sichuan basin and similar areas are generally arranged from 11 to 12 months, and the morchella esculenta can be sown in a proper time if the rainwater is excessive and the ground is wet. The fruiting period is that the high altitude area from the middle ten days of 2 months to the bottom of 3 months in the next year is sown about 10 months ahead of the bottom of 9 months according to the local temperature condition, the fruiting time is delayed compared with that in plain and hilly areas, generally 4-5 months, and the fruiting period is longer.
The film covering technology aims at moisturizing the germination and growth of morel, preventing waterlogging, keeping out of the sun, inhibiting weeds, accelerating fruiting accumulated temperature, controlling overgrowth of fungus frost, promoting conversion, directionally fruiting, saving cost and the like in the planting process of the morel.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a toadstool small arch shed cultivation film covering method which has the advantages of moisture preservation, waterlogging prevention, light prevention, weed suppression, accumulated temperature control over overgrowth of fungus frost, mushroom production promotion, labor management cost saving, soil moisture retention and the like, and solves the problems in the background art.
(II) technical scheme
The invention provides the following technical scheme: a cultivation and film covering method for morchella esculenta in a small arched shed comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a field for cultivating and covering the film, wherein the morchella is a good-atmosphere fungus, the required soil has good drainability and strong air permeability, and sandy soil or gravel soil can be used for moisture preservation and air permeability and is ideal soil.
S2, carrying out rotary tillage on the cultivated land preparation, and ploughing and loosening the soil before sowing.
S3, building a sunshade, and building a greenhouse in each place according to local conditions by using sunshade nets.
S4, sowing and covering soil, namely, marking the compartment and the ditch with lime according to requirements in the shed, then removing the outer membrane of the strain, crushing the strain, adding water and a seed mixing agent, uniformly mixing, then spreading the mixture on the compartment surface, and covering more than 90% of the strain by manual or mechanical covering soil.
S5, arranging bags for enrichment, promoting hypha growth, twisting to form sclerotia, and placing the nutrition bags after morchella is sown and white fungus cream is formed on the soil surface.
S6, keeping the moisture of the compartment surface sufficient, and then laminating, wherein the existing white mulching film is mainly adopted, the thickness is generally 0.004-0.015mm, and the width is determined according to the width of the compartment surface and is generally 0.8-3 m.
S7, managing the moisture of the planting area, wherein the field management from sowing to harvesting of the morchella is mainly performed around the moisture, small-area planters can spray water manually, and large-area planters preferably install a micro-spray irrigation system to reduce labor intensity.
And S8, harvesting mature mushrooms at proper time, and processing the collected morchella.
Furthermore, the site selected in the step S1 is close to a water source, the topography is flat, irrigation and drainage are convenient, no pollution source exists, the soil is fertile, loose and breathable, and the acid and alkali are moderate.
Further, the land cultivated in the step S2 should be turned a plurality of times in advance, exposed to the sun for disinfection, and simultaneously eliminated from weeds, with the application of herbicides as little as possible. Plowing and loosening the soil before sowing.
Furthermore, the sunshade shed is built in various places to build the greenhouse according to local conditions, a bamboo frame flat shed or a bamboo frame arched shed is generally built, and a steel frame greenhouse can also be rented.
Furthermore, after the morchella is sown, white fungus cream is formed on the surface of the soil, and then the nutrition bags can be placed, generally for 7-15 days, and the number of the nutrition bags to be placed is 2000-2300 bags/mu.
Furthermore, the film covering time is generally 7-15 days after sowing, and after the nutrition conversion bags are placed, the moisture of the compartment surface is kept sufficient, and then the film is covered.
Further, the water management in step S7 includes water management before and after sowing, water management during spawn running period, water management during fruiting period, and water management during harvesting period.
Furthermore, the period from young mushroom to mature mushroom is about 15 days, when the pileus grows to 4-8 cm, the morchella can be harvested when the ribs and the pits are obviously visible, and a mature batch can be harvested in the early stage.
Further, water spraying should be stopped 1-2 days before morel harvesting, if the harvesting period is continuous rainfall, moisture of the harvested mushroom body is excessive, and the mushroom body should be spread and dried in the air before drying and increased in ventilation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a morchella cultivation film covering method in a small arched shed, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the cultivation and film covering method for the morchella esculenta in the small arched shed, the morchella esculenta is covered with the film, so that the morchella esculenta can be moisturized, waterlogged and prevented from being shaded to inhibit weeds during cultivation, overgrowth of accumulated temperature control 'fungus frost' can be accelerated, fruiting is promoted, manual management cost can be effectively saved through the method, and the effect of keeping soil moisture is achieved.
2. The morchella cultivation mulching method in the small arched shed has the advantages that when the field is selected, the position close to a water source, flat terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, no pollution source, fertile soil, loose and breathable soil and proper acid and alkali are better, morchella is cultivated in aerobic fungi, the required soil has good drainability and strong breathability, and sandy soil or gravel soil can be used for preserving moisture and is ideal soil. The second is loam and laterite.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A cultivation and film covering method for morchella esculenta in a small arched shed comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a field for cultivating and laminating the film;
close to water source, flat terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, no pollution source, fertile soil, loose and breathable soil and moderate acid-base. Morchella is a good-atmosphere fungus, requires good soil drainability and strong air permeability, and sandy loam or gravel soil can preserve moisture and is ideal soil for air permeability. The second is loam and laterite, and worse is strongly cohesive yellow soil. The land with low terrain, unsmooth drainage and water immersion is not required to be selected. Preferably, the dry land does not need to be continuously and repeatedly planted with morchella and other edible fungi on the same land. If planting is needed, the plants need to be treated by medicines and technologies through soil.
S2, carrying out rotary tillage on the cultivated land preparation:
the previous stubble is ploughed a plurality of times in advance for the cultivated land, and is exposed to the sun for disinfection, meanwhile, weeds are eliminated, and the application of herbicide is avoided as much as possible. Plowing and loosening the soil before sowing. The rice field should be drained in advance without influencing the growth of rice, and the crops in spring should be ploughed in time after being harvested to loosen the soil. The first plowing before sowing can be matched with the plowing and spreading of 50 jin or about 80 jin of lime per mu, 1.5 bags of the fertilizer-field dragon and the fertilizer-field dragon have the effects of preventing the occurrence of field diseases and increasing the yield.
S3, building a sunshade:
the sunshade net is built in various places to build the greenhouse according to local conditions, a bamboo frame flat greenhouse or a bamboo frame arched greenhouse is generally built, and a steel frame greenhouse can also be rented.
And (4) building a flat shed, namely building according to the shape of the field block, generally buying 2.2-2.4 m high spot bamboo poles as materials, and penetrating upright poles with the interval of 4 m wide to fix a shed frame by a curtain supporting line. The area is not too large, and a shed is generally built by about 5-10 mu. Then covering a sunshade net, wherein the production quality of the sunshade net is guaranteed by professional manufacturers generally selecting 3-pin encryption or 4-pin sunshade rate of more than 70%.
2. Building a bamboo frame arched shed: the method is built according to the shape of the field block, the materials are generally bought 6 meters long arrow bamboos, about 240 arrow bamboos are used per mu, and the space between shed stalks is 1 meter. The shed has a span of about 6 meters and a length of about 40 meters. The shed is erected and then the sunshade net is covered, and the production quality of the sunshade net is guaranteed by professional manufacturers who generally select 3-pin encryption or 4-pin sunshade rate of more than 70%.
3. The compartments in the shelter are generally 80 cm wide and the ditches are 50 cm wide. In addition, drainage ditches are made according to the terrain.
S4, sowing and earthing:
the method comprises the steps of firstly marking the compartment and the ditch with lime according to requirements in a shed, then removing outer membranes of strains, stirring the strains, adding water and a seed mixing agent, uniformly mixing, then spreading the mixture on the compartment surface, covering more than 90% of the strains by manual or mechanical earthing, wherein the water adding amount of the seed mixing agent is required to ensure that the strains spread by hand are smooth and not sticky, and the thickness of the earthing is 2-3 cm.
S5, arranging bags for enrichment, promoting hypha growth, and forming sclerotium by kinking:
the nutrition conversion bag mainly has the functions of promoting the growth of hyphae and forming sclerotium by kinking. After the morchella is sown, the nutrient bag can be placed after white fungus cream is formed on the surface of the soil, and the nutrient bag can be placed for 7-15 days generally. The number of the bags is 2000-2300 bags/mu.
A hole pricking device is self-made by a wood board and a 1-inch self-supporting screw, when the nutrition bag is placed, the hole pricking device is used for pricking the nutrition bag back and forth for 2-3 times, one side of the hole pricking surface is pressed by hands to be tightly attached to the surface of soil, the nutrition bag is made to be in full contact with the surface soil, so that the nutrition bag can be fed and grown rapidly, and the nutrition bag is placed in a shape like a Chinese character pin. The standard compartment surface is generally arranged in 2 rows in each compartment, or in the middle of the compartment, the row spacing is 35-40 cm, and the bag spacing is 35-40 cm. When the humidity of the compartment surface is not enough, water is supplemented firstly, and then the nutrition bag is placed. In order to increase the fruiting area and effectively control the occurrence of soil diseases and insect pests, the nutrient bags are preferably removed before a large amount of fruiting, namely the bags are removed after the bags are placed for about 60-80 days.
S6, keeping the compartment surface moisture sufficient, and then coating:
film covering time: generally, after the nutrition conversion bags are placed 7-15 days after sowing, the moisture of the compartment surface is kept sufficient, and then the compartment surface is covered with a film.
Selecting a mulching film: at present, white mulching films are mainly adopted, the thickness is generally 0.004-0.015mm, and the width is determined according to the width of a compartment surface and is generally 0.8-3 m.
Film coating advantages: moisture preservation, waterlogging prevention, light protection, weed suppression, accumulated temperature control of overgrowth of fungus frost, mushroom growth promotion, labor management cost saving, soil moisture maintenance and the like.
Considerations during film coating: temperature control, ventilation and carbon dioxide elimination treatment, fruiting management and disease and pest prevention and control.
Film uncovering time: although the mushroom can be well grown under a mulching film, the optimal film uncovering time needs to be controlled within 10-20 days before the mushroom growth, and the mushroom is promoted by the aid of operations such as bag removal, ventilation, water supplement, moisture preservation and the like. If the primordium or the young mushrooms are formed under the mulching film, the film uncovering is carried out slowly, and the phenomena that the primordium or the young mushrooms are premature due to temperature difference and air humidity changes caused by sudden film uncovering are avoided.
S7, managing the moisture of the planting area:
the field management from sowing to harvesting of morchella is mainly performed around moisture, small-area planters can spray water manually, and large-area planters preferably install a micro-sprinkling irrigation system to reduce labor intensity. Strong water flow is prevented from being generated to wash soil, muddy water splashes to fruiting bodies during fruiting, and commodity properties are prevented from being influenced.
1. Moisture management before and after seeding
The soil layer 15-20cm above the cultivation compartment surface before sowing is kept in a wet state. And 2-3 days after sowing, watering for the first time, and completely watering the soil plough layer. The humidity of individual soil is good, and the land with good moisture regain can be watered less or delayed.
2. Moisture management during spawn running period
In winter, the water evaporation amount of soil is low, and the compartment surface can be kept in a wet state when water is sprayed on the compartment surface according to weather changes.
3. Mushroom forcing water management
The temperature rises to more than 8 ℃ in spring, the evaporation capacity of soil moisture is increased, the morchella is started to enter a frequent water replenishing period, and proper temperature and humidity promote the conversion of vegetative growth to reproductive growth, namely, the conversion of hypha growth to fruiting body growth. The 20-30cm plough layer is thoroughly watered with heavy water for the first time to promote the conidia on the compartment surface to disappear, but the water accumulation on the compartment surface is not required for a long time, and then the water is properly sprayed according to the soil humidity condition for several days to maintain the soil surface layer to be wet. After 7-8 days, a large amount of primordia can grow on the surface of the soil.
4. Moisture management during fruiting period
In primordium forming and young mushroom period, soil moisture only needs to maintain the surface layer to be moist, and the principle of repeated eating and spraying is adopted, so that the size and growth condition of the mushrooms are flexibly mastered according to weather change. One at a time for about 3-5 minutes. Excessive water spraying, particularly lower-layer water accumulation, can cause the death of primordia and young mushrooms, and meanwhile, the disease occurrence is aggravated in a long-term high-humidity state. And water is supplemented for a few times in the mature stage of the sporocarp, so that the air humidity is increased. In the early fruiting period, the change of low-temperature cold tide should be closely concerned, and the water spraying should be stopped temporarily when the cold tide comes, so as to avoid the harm of low-temperature superposition. In the later fruiting period, attention is paid to prevent the sporophores from being burnt by high-temperature and strong light.
5. Harvesting period management
Watering should be stopped 1-2 days before harvest, so as to avoid water immersion of stipe and improve product quality.
S8, harvesting mature mushrooms in time, and processing collected morchella:
the method is characterized in that about 15 days are needed from young mushrooms to mature mushrooms, when mushroom caps grow to 4-8 cm, ribs and pits can be harvested when the mushroom caps are obviously visible, a mature batch of morchella can be harvested in the early stage, the harvesting of morchella is also a technical problem, the proper harvesting is needed, and the morchella is processed and graded for sale in time. Harvesting in time to avoid deterioration of mushroom quality when most of the mushrooms begin to mature in the later period. The harvesting method comprises the following steps: gently stroking the upper part of the fruiting body with the left hand, and holding a sharp knife with the right hand. The morchella is cut off flatly from the base part of the fungus foot, or the fungus stalk can be directly broken off by hand, if the fungus stalk is sold fresh after collection and sale, the length of the fungus stalk is determined according to the requirement of a client, if the fungus stalk is dried, the fungus stalk is kept smooth, and the morchella is ensured not to have mud after collection.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A toadstool small arch shed cultivation film covering method is characterized in that: the cultivation film covering method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a field for cultivating and laminating the film;
s2, carrying out rotary tillage on the cultivated land preparation;
s3, building a sunshade;
s4, sowing and earthing;
s5, arranging bags for enrichment, promoting hypha growth and twisting to form sclerotium;
s6, keeping the compartment surface moisture sufficient, and then laminating;
s7, managing the moisture of the planting area;
and S8, harvesting mature mushrooms at proper time, and processing the collected morchella.
2. The morchella cultivation mulching method in a small arched shed according to claim 1, wherein: the site selected in the step S1 needs to be close to a water source, the topography is flat, the irrigation and drainage is convenient, no pollution source exists, the soil is fertile, loose and breathable, and the acid and alkali are moderate.
3. The morchella cultivation mulching method in a small arched shed according to claim 1, wherein: and step S2, ploughing the land a plurality of times in advance, exposing the land to the sun for disinfection, eliminating weeds, applying no herbicide as much as possible, and ploughing and loosening the soil before sowing.
4. The morchella cultivation mulching method in a small arched shed according to claim 1, wherein: the sunshade is built in various places to build greenhouses according to local conditions, and bamboo frame flat greenhouses or bamboo frame arched greenhouses are generally built, and steel frame greenhouses can also be rented.
5. The morchella cultivation mulching method in a small arched shed according to claim 1, wherein: after the morchella is sown, the nutrient bags can be placed after white fungus cream is formed on the surface of the soil, generally 7-15 days, and the number of the nutrient bags to be placed is 2000-2300 bags/mu.
6. The morchella cultivation mulching method in a small arched shed according to claim 1, wherein: the film covering time is generally 7-15 days after sowing, and after the nutrition conversion bags are placed, the moisture of the compartment surface is kept sufficient, and then the film is covered.
7. The morchella cultivation mulching method in a small arched shed according to claim 1, wherein: the water management in the step S7 includes water management before and after sowing, water management in the spawn running period, water management in the fruiting period, and water management in the harvesting period.
8. The morchella cultivation mulching method in a small arched shed according to claim 1, wherein: the morchella can be harvested about 15 days per month from young mushroom to mature mushroom, when the pileus grows to 4-8 cm, ribs and pits can be obviously visible, and a batch of mature morchella can be harvested in the early stage.
9. The morchella cultivation mulching method in a small arched shed according to claim 1, wherein: and stopping water spraying 1-2 days before the morchella is harvested, if the morchella is continuously rained in a harvesting period, the moisture of the harvested mushroom body is excessive, and spreading and airing the mushroom before drying and increasing ventilation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110786687.6A CN113317123A (en) | 2021-07-12 | 2021-07-12 | Toadstool small arch shed cultivation film covering method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110786687.6A CN113317123A (en) | 2021-07-12 | 2021-07-12 | Toadstool small arch shed cultivation film covering method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114521451A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-05-24 | 绵阳市经科菌业有限责任公司 | Method for cultivating morchella strain with high survival rate |
| CN114532146A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-05-27 | 绵阳市经科菌业有限责任公司 | Low-cost and high-efficiency morchella planting method |
| CN114532147A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-05-27 | 绵阳市经科菌业有限责任公司 | Efficient planting method based on morchella |
| CN114747422A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-07-15 | 赵金亮 | High-yield and rapid fruiting method of northern morchella |
-
2021
- 2021-07-12 CN CN202110786687.6A patent/CN113317123A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114521451A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-05-24 | 绵阳市经科菌业有限责任公司 | Method for cultivating morchella strain with high survival rate |
| CN114532146A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-05-27 | 绵阳市经科菌业有限责任公司 | Low-cost and high-efficiency morchella planting method |
| CN114532147A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-05-27 | 绵阳市经科菌业有限责任公司 | Efficient planting method based on morchella |
| CN114747422A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-07-15 | 赵金亮 | High-yield and rapid fruiting method of northern morchella |
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Application publication date: 20210831 |