CN101869024A - Non-polluted planting method of high blueberry - Google Patents

Non-polluted planting method of high blueberry Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101869024A
CN101869024A CN200910020730A CN200910020730A CN101869024A CN 101869024 A CN101869024 A CN 101869024A CN 200910020730 A CN200910020730 A CN 200910020730A CN 200910020730 A CN200910020730 A CN 200910020730A CN 101869024 A CN101869024 A CN 101869024A
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soil
planting
blueberry
root system
fertilizer
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不公告发明人
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SHANDONG GAODUAN INVESTMENT CO Ltd
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SHANDONG GAODUAN INVESTMENT CO Ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a non-polluted planting method of high blueberry, which comprises soil improvement: the high blueberry grows best on the soil with the pH value between 4.3-5.3; planting garden building: nursery-grown plants of 1-2 years are generally selected for planting after leave fall in autumn or before sprouting in spring; and water fertilizer management: the fertilizers are mainly farm manure and 'high end' brand microbe organic fertilizer fermented by high-performance flora avoiding urea, potassium chloride type compound fertilizer and the like.

Description

A kind of non-polluted planting method of high blueberry
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the Agricultural High-tech field, relate to new varieties seed selection, water and fertilizer management, the extermination of disease and insect pest etc., be specifically related to a kind of non-polluted planting method of high blueberry.
Background technology:
High-bush blueberry (Blueberry), the formal name used at school cowberry is perennial shrub, originates in the North America.The original wild kind of China, but cultivated character is poor, commodity is poor, introduces a fine variety U.S.'s blueberry kind from last century and begins, cultivated area has had large development, but the kind specific aim is poor, and the product commodity is not good, faces to improve output and many-sided technical problems such as raising quality and reduction management cost.The present invention is directed to of the requirement of high-bush blueberry kind to aspects such as soil, environment, take a series of technical measures such as the integrated control of liquid manure, damage by disease and insect non-environmental pollution control, guarantee in the high-bush blueberry bottle at the suitable non-polluted planting method of planting regional high-yield high-quality of China, can increase substantially the fresh fruit commodity property, belong to non-polluted planting method, reduce management cost, improve income.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide suitable kind of area of a kind of suitable high-bush blueberry, improve output, quality, reduce the non-polluted planting method of management cost.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following scheme.
Non-polluted planting method of high blueberry comprises the steps:
(1), soil melioration: high-end blueberry is that growth is best on the soil between 4.3~5.3 in the pH value.If soil pH is too high or too low, can adjust by using Cosan, the acid peat composed of rotten mosses etc. preceding 3~4 months of blueberry plantation.Method of adjustment mainly contains two kinds of over-all application and local applications.
In addition, can utilize the peat composed of rotten mosses, stalk, rice husk, wheat husk, leaf, sawdust, increase the soil organic matter.
Plantation back the 2nd year, the situation that soil pH value rises may appear in some plot, needs regularly to detect the variation of soil pH value, and fertilising is adjusted.
(2), the garden is built in field planting: generally select the nursery stock of life in 1~2 year for use, in " behind the fall foliage " or " before the rudiment in spring " field planting.
The method of planting seedlings: during field planting nursery stock is taken out in alms bowl, observe the situation of root system.If root system is network-like intensive in the bottom, then need the bottom to be cut gently and be cross with cutter, take out and root system is made in order with the soil of handgrip central part; If bareroot seedling then needs and will plant after the root system expansion.When planting nursery stock, need on preprepared planting pit or implant bed, dig the pitting that the degree of depth is 10~15cm, amplitude 20~30cm, in pitting, insert some wet acid turfy soils or the planting soil for preparing in advance, and then seedling put into, root system is launched, allow the mixing turfy soil that interpolates etc. be enclosed in around the shoot root, and upwards carry seedling gently 1 time, so that root system is fully combined with planting soil, last earthing is to equal with ground.
The seeding row spacing of field planting is 1M * 2M or 1M * 1.5M.The line-spacing of general blueberry can expand to about 2.5m if consider mechanical work at 1.5~2m.The plantation spacing in the rows can be smaller on the dead soil, can be greatly on than fertile soil.The strain number of planting is different slightly variant because of kind, line space, ground condition and way to manage.Except that main breed, also to select for use 1~2 to do pollinizers to raise variety, to improve output.
(3) water and fertilizer management: fertilizer is avoided urea, potassium chloride type composite fertilizer etc. based on the microbial organic fertilizer of farmyard manure and the high-effect flora fermentation of " high-end " board.Plant back the 1st year is that young sprout is prosperous long-term, can impose quick-acting fertilizers such as ferrous sulfate fertilizer, carbonic hydroammonium or ammonium sulfate in right amount according to the form of young sprout blade.Fertilising applies with outer ring-like apart from root 20cm, and the face of land 10cm degree of depth is flat covers fertilising, and effect is better.Plant back the 2nd year, fertilizing amount are 1.5~2 times of plantation back the 1st year.
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest: mainly take to remove cause of disease in conjunction with wiping out the disease branch; Utilize frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, novel lure insect-killing trapping; Biological natural enemy and biologic product prevention and elimination of disease and pests
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with instantiation enforcement of the present invention is described further:
Embodiment 1:
1, the field is selected.
Blueberry is perennial machaka, belongs to shallow root unrooted hair seeds, with soil such as mountain region, hills, Plain be subacidity, be advisable in unobstructed, the ventilative good soil of draining.
2, soil melioration.
High-end blueberry is that growth is best on the soil between 4.3~5.3 in the pH value.If soil pH is too high or too low, can adjust by using Cosan, the acid peat composed of rotten mosses etc. preceding 3~4 months of blueberry plantation.Method of adjustment mainly contains two kinds of over-all application and local applications.
In addition, can utilize the peat composed of rotten mosses, stalk, rice husk, wheat husk, leaf, sawdust, increase the soil organic matter.
Plantation back the 2nd year, the situation that soil pH value rises may appear in some plot, needs regularly to detect the variation of soil pH value, and fertilising is adjusted.
3, the garden is built in field planting.
Generally select the nursery stock of life in 1~2 year for use, in " behind the fall foliage " or " before the rudiment in spring " field planting.
The method of planting seedlings: during field planting nursery stock is taken out in alms bowl, observe the situation of root system.If root system is network-like intensive in the bottom, then need the bottom to be cut gently and be cross with cutter, take out and root system is made in order with the soil of handgrip central part; If bareroot seedling then needs and will plant after the root system expansion.When planting nursery stock, need be pitting about 10cm, about amplitude 20cm digging the degree of depth on preprepared planting pit or the implant bed, in pitting, insert some wet acid turfy soils or the planting soil for preparing in advance, and then seedling put into, root system is launched, allow the mixing turfy soil that interpolates etc. be enclosed in around the shoot root, and upwards carry seedling gently 1 time, so that root system is fully combined with planting soil, last earthing is to equal with ground.
The seeding row spacing of field planting is 1M * 2M.The line-spacing of general blueberry is about 1.5m.Except that main breed, also to select for use 1~2 to do pollinizers to raise variety, to improve output.
4, the face of land covers.
Carry out in the tree dish after the field planting and cover grass.Be covered with one deck wheat straw, straw, leaf mould, bark, wood chip etc. on the surface of planting pit, the adjustable ground temperature, prevent evaporation from topsoil, keep soil moisture and promote root growth.Obducent thickness plays the effect that grass presses grass to preserve moisture of covering about 10cm.
5, fertilizing management.
Blueberry is relatively more responsive to fertilizer, and fertilizer is avoided urea, potassium chloride type composite fertilizer etc. based on the microbial organic fertilizer of farmyard manure and the high-effect flora fermentation of " high-end " board.Plant back the 1st year is that young sprout is prosperous long-term, can impose quick-acting fertilizers such as ferrous sulfate fertilizer, carbonic hydroammonium or ammonium sulfate in right amount according to the form of young sprout blade.Fertilising applies with outer ring-like apart from root 20cm, and the face of land 10cm degree of depth is flat covers fertilising, and effect is better.Plant back the 2nd year, fertilizing amount are 1.5 of plantation backs the 1st year.
6, weeding management.
Have under the chlamydate situation in the face of land, can control the growth of weeds effectively.Have weed growth after the 2nd year, in time remove, pay special attention to and before weeds length is solid, to remove, grow up to the root system that injures trees when big grass is extracted easily.The degree of depth of weeding does not surpass 3cm.Avoid and use weed killer herbicide.
7, water management.
The well-drained soil of the growth needs of blueberry.Judge the simple and easy method of the draining situation quality of soil: dig the hole of a diameter 20cm, dark 20cm on plantation ground, observe the variation of 24 hours underground water faces after a large amount of rainfalls, if the water surface does not change then represents impeded drainage, must the making ridge plantation.If water deficient then need to irrigate is irrigated in plantation particularly importantly then, first month after field planting, 4~5 days and irrigate 1 time.Need the often area of irrigation less in rainfall, water saving irrigating facilities such as drip irrigation preferably are installed.
8, illumination management.
Blueberry is the trees of happiness light, guarantees more light application time and stronger intensity of illumination as far as possible, to increase output.For will in time prune printing opacity or cut down and remove of the tall and big trees of plantation periphery.
9, trimming and finishing.
Adopt the shaping of many main climing (branch) hedge shapes.Prune the early spring before flower bud germination expands.The principle of pruning is: reject the thin and delicate branch of base portion to concentrate nutrient, cutting back water sprout and strong developmental branch are to cultivate the fruit bearing shoot group in next year; Remove invalid, old and feeble and overstocked branches and tendrils, to improve the ventilation and penetrating light condition in the hat; For the strong kind of yielding ability, reply fruit bearing shoot group cutting back, individual to increase fruit.
Plant and to cut about 1/2nd of acrial part then; Pruned hardly in the 2nd year after planting, but will remove the harmful branch of bud, thin and weak branch and sick insect bite; Plant the back the 3rd year identical with the 2nd year, also can on strong branch, keep a little bud; Plant back the 4th year, the height of tree reaches 120~150cm, enters the full bearing period, but will note: must not be solid too much, in case press-bending branch and influence fruit quality.
10, the extermination of disease and insect pest.
Mainly take to remove cause of disease in conjunction with wiping out the disease branch; Utilize frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, novel lure insect-killing trapping; Biological natural enemy and biologic product prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
11, the management of gathering.
Most of birds all like food to get blueberry.The best approach of anti-bird is: set up bird prevention net, mesh is about 20mm, preferably wants full garden frame net, with convenient working.The practice is: evenly lay pillar in the garden, lay iron wire on pillar, net is layered on the iron wire.If to eat raw, the blueberry fruit was gathered in the blue back of change in 3~5 days, quality is best.
12, the winter protection of surviving the winter.
Area plantation blueberry on the south Shandong, the Henan etc. does not generally need winter protection.The Northeast and other cold districts need winter protection.The method of winter protection of surviving the winter has mounding, cold canopy method, bagging method etc.Field planting answers fastener film shed to prevent stripping then winter.
Embodiment 2:
1, the field is selected.
Blueberry is perennial machaka, belongs to shallow root unrooted hair seeds, with soil such as mountain region, hills, Plain be subacidity, be advisable in unobstructed, the ventilative good soil of draining.
2, soil melioration.
High-end blueberry is that growth is best on the soil between 4.3~5.3 in the pH value.If soil pH is too high or too low, can adjust by using Cosan, the acid peat composed of rotten mosses etc. preceding 3~4 months of blueberry plantation.Method of adjustment mainly contains two kinds of over-all application and local applications.
In addition, can utilize the peat composed of rotten mosses, stalk, rice husk, wheat husk, leaf, sawdust, increase the soil organic matter.
Plantation back the 2nd year, the situation that soil pH value rises may appear in some plot, needs regularly to detect the variation of soil pH value, and fertilising is adjusted.
3, the garden is built in field planting.
Generally select the nursery stock of life in 1~2 year for use, in " behind the fall foliage " or " before the rudiment in spring " field planting.
The method of planting seedlings: during field planting nursery stock is taken out in alms bowl, observe the situation of root system.If root system is network-like intensive in the bottom, then need the bottom to be cut gently and be cross with cutter, take out and root system is made in order with the soil of handgrip central part; If bareroot seedling then needs and will plant after the root system expansion.When planting nursery stock, need be pitting about 15 left and right sides cm, amplitude 30cm digging the degree of depth on preprepared planting pit or the implant bed, in pitting, insert some wet acid turfy soils or the planting soil for preparing in advance, and then seedling put into, root system is launched, allow the mixing turfy soil that interpolates etc. be enclosed in around the shoot root, and upwards carry seedling gently 1 time, so that root system is fully combined with planting soil, last earthing is to equal with ground.
The seeding row spacing of field planting is 1M * 1.5M.The line-spacing of general blueberry can expand to about 2.5m if consider mechanical work about 2m.The plantation spacing in the rows can be smaller on the dead soil, can be greatly on than fertile soil.The strain number of planting is different slightly variant because of kind, line space, ground condition and way to manage.Except that main breed, also to select for use 1~2 to do pollinizers to raise variety, to improve output.
4, the face of land covers.
Carry out in the tree dish after the field planting and cover grass.Be covered with one deck wheat straw, straw, leaf mould, bark, wood chip etc. on the surface of planting pit, the adjustable ground temperature, prevent evaporation from topsoil, keep soil moisture and promote root growth.Obducent thickness plays the effect that grass presses grass to preserve moisture of covering about 10cm.
5, fertilizing management.
Blueberry is relatively more responsive to fertilizer, and fertilizer is avoided urea, potassium chloride type composite fertilizer etc. based on the microbial organic fertilizer of farmyard manure and the high-effect flora fermentation of " high-end " board.Plant back the 1st year is that young sprout is prosperous long-term, can impose quick-acting fertilizers such as ferrous sulfate fertilizer, carbonic hydroammonium or ammonium sulfate in right amount according to the form of young sprout blade.Fertilising applies with outer ring-like apart from root 20cm, and the face of land 10cm degree of depth is flat covers fertilising, and effect is better.Plant back the 2nd year, fertilizing amount are 1.5~2 times of plantation back the 1st year.
6, weeding management.
Have under the chlamydate situation in the face of land, can control the growth of weeds effectively.Have weed growth after the 2nd year, in time remove, pay special attention to and before weeds length is solid, to remove, grow up to the root system that injures trees when big grass is extracted easily.The degree of depth of weeding does not surpass 3cm.Avoid and use weed killer herbicide.
7, water management.
The well-drained soil of the growth needs of blueberry.Judge the simple and easy method of the draining situation quality of soil: dig the hole of a diameter 20cm, dark 20cm on plantation ground, observe the variation of 24 hours underground water faces after a large amount of rainfalls, if the water surface does not change then represents impeded drainage, must the making ridge plantation.If water deficient then need to irrigate is irrigated in plantation particularly importantly then, first month after field planting, 4~5 days and irrigate 1 time.Need the often area of irrigation less in rainfall, water saving irrigating facilities such as drip irrigation preferably are installed.
8, the extermination of disease and insect pest.
Mainly take to remove cause of disease in conjunction with wiping out the disease branch; Utilize frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, novel lure insect-killing trapping; Biological natural enemy and biologic product prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
9, illumination management.
Blueberry is the trees of happiness light, guarantees more light application time and stronger intensity of illumination as far as possible, to increase output.For will in time prune printing opacity or cut down and remove of the tall and big trees of plantation periphery.
10, trimming and finishing.
Adopt the shaping of many main climing (branch) hedge shapes.Prune the early spring before flower bud germination expands.The principle of pruning is: reject the thin and delicate branch of base portion to concentrate nutrient, cutting back water sprout and strong developmental branch are to cultivate the fruit bearing shoot group in next year; Remove invalid, old and feeble and overstocked branches and tendrils, to improve the ventilation and penetrating light condition in the hat; For the strong kind of yielding ability, reply fruit bearing shoot group cutting back, individual to increase fruit.
Plant and to cut about 1/2nd of acrial part then; Pruned hardly in the 2nd year after planting, but will remove the harmful branch of bud, thin and weak branch and sick insect bite; Plant the back the 3rd year identical with the 2nd year, also can on strong branch, keep a little bud; Plant back the 4th year, the height of tree reaches 120~150cm, enters the full bearing period, but will note: must not be solid too much, in case press-bending branch and influence fruit quality.
11, the management of gathering.
Most of birds all like food to get blueberry.The best approach of anti-bird is: set up bird prevention net, mesh is about 20mm, preferably wants full garden frame net, with convenient working.The practice is: evenly lay pillar in the garden, lay iron wire on pillar, net is layered on the iron wire.If to eat raw, the blueberry fruit was gathered in the blue back of change in 3~5 days, quality is best.
12, the winter protection of surviving the winter.
Area plantation blueberry on the south Shandong, the Henan etc. does not generally need winter protection.The Northeast and other cold districts need winter protection.The method of winter protection of surviving the winter has mounding, cold canopy method, bagging method etc.Field planting answers fastener film shed to prevent stripping then winter.

Claims (6)

1. a non-polluted planting method of high blueberry comprises the steps:
(1), soil melioration: high-end blueberry is that growth is best on the soil between 4.3~5.3 in the pH value.If soil pH is too high or too low, can adjust and regularly detect the variation of soil pH value by using Cosan, the acid peat composed of rotten mosses etc., and fertilising be adjusted preceding 3~4 months of blueberry plantation.Method of adjustment mainly contains two kinds of over-all application and local applications.Utilize the peat composed of rotten mosses, stalk, rice husk, wheat husk, leaf, sawdust simultaneously, increase the soil organic matter;
(2), the garden is built in field planting: generally select the nursery stock of life in 1~2 year for use, in " behind the fall foliage " or " before the rudiment in spring " field planting.During field planting nursery stock is taken out in alms bowl, observe the situation of root system,, then need the bottom to be cut gently and be cross, make in order with the soil taking-up of handgrip central part and with root system with cutter if root system is network-like intensive in the bottom; If bareroot seedling then needs and will plant after the root system expansion.When planting nursery stock, need on preprepared planting pit or implant bed, dig the pitting that the degree of depth is 10~15cm, amplitude 20~30cm, in pitting, insert some wet acid turfy soils or the planting soil for preparing in advance, and then seedling put into, root system is launched, allow the mixing turfy soil that interpolates etc. be enclosed in around the shoot root, and upwards carry seedling gently 1 time, so that root system is fully combined with planting soil, last earthing is to equal with ground; The seeding row spacing of field planting is 1M * 2M or 1M * 1.5M, and the line-spacing of general blueberry can expand to about 2.5m if consider mechanical work at 1.5~2m, and the plantation spacing in the rows can be smaller on the dead soil, can be greatly on than fertile soil.The strain number of planting is different slightly variant because of kind, line space, ground condition and way to manage, except that main breed, also will select for use 1~2 to do pollinizers to raise variety, to improve output;
(3) water and fertilizer management: fertilizer is avoided urea, potassium chloride type composite fertilizer etc. based on the microbial organic fertilizer of farmyard manure and the high-effect flora fermentation of " high-end " board.Plant back the 1st year is that young sprout is prosperous long-term, can impose quick-acting fertilizers such as ferrous sulfate fertilizer, carbonic hydroammonium or ammonium sulfate in right amount according to the form of young sprout blade.Fertilising applies with outer ring-like apart from root 20cm, and the face of land 10cm degree of depth is flat covers fertilising, and effect is better.Plant back the 2nd year, fertilizing amount are 1.5~2 times of plantation back the 1st year;
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest: mainly take to remove cause of disease in conjunction with wiping out the disease branch; Utilize frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, novel lure insect-killing trapping; Biological natural enemy and biologic product prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
2. a kind of non-polluted planting method of high blueberry as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the described soil melioration of step (1) Cosan and the processing of the acid peat composed of rotten mosses.
3. a kind of non-polluted planting method of high blueberry as claimed in claim 1, it is network-like intensive in the bottom if described transplanting stock is treated to root system to it is characterized in that step (2), then need the bottom to be cut gently and be cross, take out and root system is made in order with the soil of handgrip central part with cutter; If bareroot seedling then needs and will plant after the root system expansion.
4. a kind of non-polluted planting method of high blueberry as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the described planting pit degree of depth of step (2) is the pitting of 10~15cm, amplitude 20~30cm.
5. a kind of non-polluted planting method of high blueberry as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the described bio-fertilizer of step (3) is the high flora bio-fertilizer of high-end microorganism.
6. a kind of non-polluted planting method of high blueberry as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the described extermination of disease and insect pest of step (4) is biological, physical synthesis control.
CN200910020730A 2009-04-21 2009-04-21 Non-polluted planting method of high blueberry Pending CN101869024A (en)

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CN102475020A (en) * 2010-11-24 2012-05-30 丹东农业科学院 Northern blueberry-growing method
CN102511259A (en) * 2011-11-23 2012-06-27 金寨县大别山林艺植物科技开发有限公司 Blueberry planting method
CN102523975A (en) * 2012-03-27 2012-07-04 天津农学院 Method utilizing movable boxes to cultivate blueberries under the condition of greenhouses
CN102918952A (en) * 2012-11-14 2013-02-13 鲁东大学 Improved method of blueberry cultivation soil
CN103238388A (en) * 2013-05-24 2013-08-14 常熟市润丰农业有限公司 Method for scientifically managing soil of newly built blueberry garden
CN103392496A (en) * 2013-08-08 2013-11-20 河北科技师范学院 Blueberry root domain space covering cultivation method
CN103493673A (en) * 2013-10-14 2014-01-08 苏州市新巷农艺科技园 High-yield planting method for blueberries
CN103583169A (en) * 2012-08-19 2014-02-19 凯里学院 Method for increasing yield of blueberry and improving quality of blueberry by variety matching
CN103609219A (en) * 2013-12-16 2014-03-05 吉林师范大学 Soil improvement method for planting blueberries
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CN104322343A (en) * 2014-11-11 2015-02-04 佳沃集团有限公司 Method for performing winter protection on outdoor blueberries
CN104996024A (en) * 2015-08-21 2015-10-28 山东农业大学 Soil improvement method for improving cultivation survival rate of blueberry in north
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CN107371857A (en) * 2017-08-30 2017-11-24 宿松县美智农林发展有限公司 A kind of organic blueberry high yield cultivating method
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CN102475020A (en) * 2010-11-24 2012-05-30 丹东农业科学院 Northern blueberry-growing method
CN102475020B (en) * 2010-11-24 2013-06-19 丹东农业科学院 Northern blueberry-growing method
CN102511259A (en) * 2011-11-23 2012-06-27 金寨县大别山林艺植物科技开发有限公司 Blueberry planting method
CN102523975A (en) * 2012-03-27 2012-07-04 天津农学院 Method utilizing movable boxes to cultivate blueberries under the condition of greenhouses
CN102523975B (en) * 2012-03-27 2013-01-30 天津农学院 Method utilizing movable boxes to cultivate blueberries under the condition of greenhouses
CN103583169A (en) * 2012-08-19 2014-02-19 凯里学院 Method for increasing yield of blueberry and improving quality of blueberry by variety matching
CN102918952A (en) * 2012-11-14 2013-02-13 鲁东大学 Improved method of blueberry cultivation soil
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